Search

As2O3-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Then Lactose acid (LA) and/or PEG were modified onto the NPs by chemical covalent coupling through -NH2 and -COOH. The FTIR results showed that LA and PEG could be successfully modified onto the surface of the NPs. All the As2O3-loaded PLGA NPs (As2O3@PLGA NPs) presented suitable physical stability, favorable size, and spherical shape. The in vitro release rate of As2O3 from the NPs depended on the surface of the NPs. As expected, the As2O3@PLGA-PEG/LA NPs showed a moderate release rate, the highest anticancer effects and cellular internalization against SMMC-7721 cell line. The PLGA-PEG/LA NPs could represent an effective nano-size delivery system of As2O3 for treatment of liver cancer.

In this work, we designed and prepared a novel magnetic thiolated/quaternized-chitosan composite as an adsorbent for removal of various heavy metal ions from solution, including cation and anion. Characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the structure and composition of this adsorbent. Adsorption experiments indicated that the initial pH of the solution influenced the adsorption ability of the composite for heavy metal. The composite showed high removal efficiency for all the tested metal ions (As(V), As(III), Cu2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+) under neutral condition within a short time, especially for Pb2+, with a high adsorption capacity of 235.63 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic and XPS analysis indicated that the major adsorption mechanism for heavy metal removal by the composite was chemisorption. Moreover, the composite showed good regeneration performance, and its removal efficiency for Pb2+ was still over 93% even after 5 recycles.

Anna and the King is a biographic film based on a 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam (Thailand), which gives a fictionalized account of the diaries of Anna Leonowens. The story concerns Anna, an English schoolteacher in Siam, now Thailand, in the late 19th century, who taught the King’s children in English and western sciences. The film vividly depicts the social and political life of Siam in the 1860s, and it is also filled with misunderstanding and confrontations of eastern and western cultures and thus igniting heated discussion on the cultural differences of East and West. The film has long been banned in Thailand, for the Thailand censors think its portrayal of their beloved King Mongkut was demeaning. This article does not intend to explore whether the film is based on facts or fictions, however, it takes the film as a discourse, and tends to interpret the cultural discourse based on four of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: Power Distance (PDI)、Individualism(IDV) 、masculinity (MAS) and uncertainty avoidance (UAI).

Surface carboxylation of barium hexaferrite (BaM) has been successfully established, which effectively promotes the interaction of BaM and PANI chains and provides activated points for the preferential growth of polyaniline (PANI) on the surfaces of BaM particles. Based on this, the morphology of PANI layer has been tuned from irregular shape to convex rods and dendrite. Both convex rods and dendrite-like morphology activate electron transport in the PANI chain and enhance interfacial polarization between PANI and BaM, resulting in an improved complex permittivity. BaM particles with PANI convex rods on the surfaces exhibit an excellent and broad microwave absorption due to enhanced electromagnetic wave dissipation in the local micro-domains and the combination of dielectric loss, magnetic loss as well as interfacial loss.

Titanium-organic frameworks have been widely appreciated for its photoelectric catalytic properties. However, the weak utilization of visible light by titanium-organic frameworks limits the application. In this paper, a novel core–shell micro-photocatalyst (TPE-2NH2@MIL-125(Ti)) was successfully prepared by the simple one-step alcohol-thermal modification of the nitrogenous organic ligand ((E)-4′,4′’’-(1,2-diphenylethene-1,2-diyl)bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine), TPE-2NH2) on the surface of MIL-125(Ti) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation under visible light. The as-obtained samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectra, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, zeta potential, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the hybrid materials had lower band-gap energy and higher electronegativity than pure MIL-125(Ti), as well as rapid and strong response to visible light. Under the irradiation of visible light, the final removal efficiency of TC by TPE-2NH2@MIL-125(Ti) reached about 90% with little interference from the environment pH and even better removal effect was obtained in real water samples. Mechanism studies showed that •O2− and h+ were the main active species in the catalytic process. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the rapid photoelectron transfer, Ti4+-Ti3+ interlayer electron transfer, and the synergistic effect between TPE-2NH2 and MIL-125(Ti). As far as we know, this current work first provides a convenient method to improve the photocatalytic performance of titanium metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by surface coating with amino conjugated organic molecule, and provides a new idea for the degradation of organic matter by hybrid MOFs materials in wastewater.

Rewetting after precipitation events plays an important role in regulating soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover processes in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Here, we conducted a 48-h rewetting simulation experiment with measurements of soil C and N mineralization rates (RC and RN, respectively) and microbial biomass N (MBN) at high temporal resolution to explore the pulse responses of R C and RN. RC and RN responded strongly and rapidly to rewetting over the short term. The maximum RC value (because of pulse effects) ranged from 16.53 to 19.33 µg C gsoil−1 h−1, observed 10 min after rewetting. The maximum RN varied from 22.86 to 40.87 µg N gsoil−1 h−1, appearing 5–6 h after rewetting. The responses of soil microbial growth to rewetting were rapid, and the maximum MBN was observed 2–3 h after rewetting. Unexpectedly, there was no correlation between RC, RN, and MBN during the process of rewetting, and RC and RN were uncoupled. In sum, the pulse responses of RC, RN, and microbial growth to simulated rewetting were rapid, strong, and asynchronous, which offers insights into the different responses of microbes to rewetting and mechanisms behind microbes.

In this paper, cartoon derivative products consumer market, consumer behavior, and the determined animation derivatives market space have been analyzed based on the Multiple regression models and m...

As(III) imprinted magnetic Fe 3 O 4 N-(2-hydroxyl)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) composite nanoparticles (As(III)-IMHNPs) was prepared via micro-emulsions method. The As(III)-IMHNPs was efficient and selective to adsorb As(III) with the maximum adsorption capacity at 11.52 mg/g which got in 5 mg/L As(III) solution. With the imprinting of As(III), the selectivity of As(III)-IMHNPs was enhanced and the effects of competing ions on As(III) removal were greatly reduced. Moreover, the nanoparticle showed good regeneration performance, and its adsorption efficiency of As(III) was still above 75% even after 10 recycles. The adsorption behavior of As(III) on As(III)-IMHNPs could be better described by pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that the adsorption was promoted by a chemical process.

Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid with potent antioxidant activities. In the current research, the antioxidant properties of quercetin and quercetin-DNA complex were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Free radical scavenging experiments with thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) indicate that quercetin can protect DNA from free radical damage, and the antioxidant activity of the quercetin-DNA complex is stronger than quercetin. Deoxyriboseadenine-quercetin-dimethylphosphinic acid (DA-Q-P) model was extracted from molecular docking. The contributions of hydroxyl groups in quercetin and DA-Q-P model molecules to the antioxidant activity were investigated by computation of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) parameter and Fukui function, at B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. The results outlined that the hydroxyl groups from the B ring (3'-OH and 4'-OH) have a lower BDE compared with the ones from the A and C rings (3-OH, 5-OH, and 7-OH) and hence define antioxidant activity. The computational result based on Fukui function shows that the B ring is an electrophilic region. The interaction of antioxidant with DNA discovered at the molecular level could provide the structural basis of the antioxidant property of active ingredients in the flavonoids. It is of great significance to study the interaction mechanism between the small drug molecules with DNA at the molecular level.

To investigate the relationship between intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and histological parameters of vascularity and cellularity in marrow of hyperplasia disease and compare the difference between benign and malignant marrow disorders.From August 2016 to March 2017, 43 newly diagnosed patients were recruited, which included 15 anemia patients (benign hemopathy) and 28 patients with acute leukemia (AL) (malignant hemopathy). All patients underwent IVIM in the lumbar marrow and the D, D*, f values were measured. The microvessel density (MVD) and cellularity of marrow were calculated from the sample of iliac crest biopsy. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between IVIM-derived and histology-derived parameters. We performed unpaired t test to analyze the differences of all parameters between AL and anemia.The MVD was positively correlated with f in patients with AL, anemia and both of them (r = 0.692, P 0.001; r = 0.595, P = 0.019; r = 0.673, P 0.001, respectively). But there was no correlation between D* and MVD in three groups. D was not related to bone marrow cellularity (BMC) in all groups. In addition, the f and MVD were higher in AL than anemia (t = 3.546, P = 0.001; t = 6.695, P 0.001, respectively). The BMC was significantly higher in AL than in anemia (t = 3.330, P = 0.004), but D and D* value had no significant difference between the two groups.The blood volume fraction f was positively correlated with the histological features of marrow in hematological disorders, while f can show the difference of vascularity between benign and malignant marrow disease.

Background Myopia is one of the most common vision defects worldwide. microRNAs can regulate the target gene expression, influencing the development of diseases. Results To investigate the alterations of microRNA profiling in negative lens-induced myopia (NLIM) guinea pigs and to explore the regulatory role of microRNAs in the occurrence and the development of myopia, we first established the NLIM guinea pig model after induction for 2 weeks. Further, we isolated sclera to purify total messenger RNA (mRNA) in both NLIM and NLIM fellow sclera. Using next generation sequencing technique and bioinformatics analysis, we identified the differentially expressed microRNAs in NLIM guinea pigs, performed the bioinformatics annotation for the differentially expressed microRNAs, and validated the expression of differentially expressed microRNAs. As a result, we successfully established an NLIM model in guinea pigs, identified 27 differentially expressed microRNAs in NLIM guinea pig sclera, including 10 upregulated and 17 downregulated microRNAs. The KEGG annotation showed the main signaling pathways were closely associated with PPAR signaling, pyruvate and propanoate metabolisms, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the development of myopia is mainly involved in the disorder of metabolic processes in NLIM guinea pigs. The PPAR signaling, pyruvate and propanoate metabolism pathways may play roles in the development of myopia.

Background Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) exhibits a pharmacological activity against excessive inflammation. Here, we aimed to ascertain the anti-inflammatory role of NG-R1 in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as well as the possible mechanism which is still under to be elucidated. Methods In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to evoke extreme inflammation in ATDC5 cells. To investigate the anti-inflammatory property of NG-R1, ATDC5 cells were exposed to NG-R1 prior to LPS stimulation. microRNA-301a (miR-301a)-overexpressed ATDC5 cells were established which confirmed by qRT-PCR. Then, inflammatory lesions were indicated by cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was determined by Western blotting assay. Results We found NG-R1 dramatically dampened the decrease of cell viability, facilitation of apoptosis and abundance of inflammatory factors induced by LPS. Additionally, NG-R1 pre-incubation impeded LPS-induced accumulation of miR-301a. However, the protective capacity of NG-R1 was impaired by miR-301a overexpression. Of note, LPS-caused phosphorylation of p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (IκBα) was repressed by NG-R1, while further enhanced in miR-301-transfected ATDC5 cells. Conclusion NG-R1 relived LPS-elicited inflammatory damages via blocking NF-κB in a miR-301a-silenced manner.

In order to study the stress distribution and the maximum stress of the glass cup in different drop heights and different drop ways, the mechanical properties of glass during falling process was analyzed based on the finite element method. The results show that as the drop height increases, the stress of the glass cup will gradually increase and the stress distribution area will broaden. When the stress reaches the maximum, the glass cups will be broken. Due to diverse drop ways, the stress and the stress distribution area of the glass cup is different, and the stress distribution area is not proportional to the drop angle of the glass cup.

In order to reduce the damage of laptop during drop experiment and protect the laptop, the finite element simulation is used to analyze the force of the laptop during the drop. Using finite element software ABAQUS, the model of the laptop and cushion packaging are built and the material parameters, drop height and drop types are set. The laptop is built as two parts including top and bottom. The acceleration, stress, strain and other information are obtained. Comparing acceleration and stress, the influence of different cushion on the stress of laptop and cushion during drop are analyzed. The results show that the cushion has a protective effect on the product and absorbs most of the force, and the stress of top and bottom is different during the drop.

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), an effective drug for leukemia, is limited to be used for solid tumor treatment due to its high side effects. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactobionic acid (LA) modified chitosan (PLC) was synthesized and was used to coat poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles for encapsulation and targeted release of As2O3 in liver cancer treatment. The As2O3-loaded PLGA/PLC nanoparticles (As2O3-PLGA/PLC NPs) were fabricated through double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and were optimized by orthogonal tests. As2O3-PLGA/PLC NPs presented suitable physical stability, positive charge, high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and good biocompatibility. As expected, the NPs can quickly release enough dose of As2O3 in a short time and then sustain the drug concentration. The As2O3-PLGA/PLC NPs showed effective inhibition of SMMC-7721 cells while having lower cytotoxicity against normal human liver cells (LO2 cells). Furthermore, In vivo study showed that the NPs did not present toxic effects on kidney and liver, but showed relatively high growth inhibition effect on liver tumor. Therefore, this PLGA/PLC NPs could be an effective and safe drug delivery system for liver cancer chemotherapy.

Electromagnetic wave (EM wave) dissipation based on designed interfacial structures is an effective way to modulate EM absorbing properties of a composite. Taking advantage of the microwave absorbing properties of barium hexagonal ferrite (BaM) and polyaniline (PANI) nano-composites, interfacial carbonization structures between BaM and PANI have been facilely induced by a microwave method. The in-situ formation of carbonization interfaces embedded in PANI on the surfaces of BaM particles have played an important role in improving the interfacial polarization and served more EM loss modes, resulting in enhancement in the microwave absorbing properties with broad absorbing frequency range. Such a facile technique provides an easy and controllable way to design multi-component composite microwave absorbers.

A sandwich structured composite membrane for longtime controlled release of nerve growth factor (NGF) to repair spinal cord injury (SCI) is prepared through electrospray. In this system, PLA film is used as the sealing layer to prevent drug diffusion and provide mechanical support, PLGA microspheres as the sandwich layer to load and controlled release NGF, and chitosan (CS) film as the planting layer to seed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The composite membrane has good biocompatibility and can effectively promote PC-12 cells to differentiate into neurons. In addition, the composite membrane can be directly applied to the injured areas without further damage. The longtime sustained release of NGF guaranteed enough requirement time for SCI repair, which will decrease the administration frequency and improve patient compliance. The administration of BMSCs coupled with the sandwich composite membrane effectively relieves SCI, decreases cavity formation, enhances neuronal regeneration and tissue repair, as well as improves the recovery of locomotor functions. Overall, this present work provides a future perspective for the treatment of SCI by the NGF-loaded sandwich composite membrane with prolonged drug release function.

With Gile's Efforts Model as the theoretical foundation, this study aims at analyzing the effect of pre-interpreting preparation on business interpreting between English and Chinese, particularly focusing on the following two questions: 1. Does pre-interpreting preparation affect the quality of students' business interpreting output? If so, how it affects the various factors of interpreting output quality? 2. Will the pre-interpreting effect change with the different language levels? To answer these two questions, we carried out an experimental study by testing sample students' interpretation on a selected business interview without any preparation and with adequate preparation respectively. With the data collected, we made both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are reached: First, pre-interpreting preparation has a positive effect on the overall quality of business interpreting output. Second, in business scenarios, pre-interpreting preparation have different degrees of impact on the factors of interpretation quality. Specifically, it has a relatively large impact on the accuracy of terminology and the logical coherence of the target-language speech, while exerting a minimal impact on the voice quality. Third, pre-interpreting preparation has a greater influence on the interpreting output of the intermediate language level group than it has on the advanced language level group. It is hoped that this study could provide some new perspectives and offer some help to the teaching of business English interpreting.

With economic growth facing increasing constraints of resource and environment, intensive land use becomes one of the effective ways to promote urban sustainable development. This paper aims to reveal the spatial and temporal differences in urban land use efficiency (ULUE) in provincial China, and examine the impact of undesirable output (e.g., industrial pollutant emissions) on ULUE using a one-stage stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Furthermore, we analyze the improvement potential of ULUE. Results show that 1) ULUE in China is relatively low, and it shows a trend of slow growth at an annual growth rate of 0.34 %. 2) Undesirable output causes a loss of ULUE. The loss ratio in the western region is the highest (9.61 %), followed by the central region (8.41 %) and the eastern region (3.93 %). Estimation results of the technical inefficiency function also show that pollution intensity has a negative effect on ULUE. 3) ULUE varies significantly across the country. The mean efficiency values in the eastern, central, and western regions are 0.733, 0.535, and 0.507, respectively. ULUE levels in different provinces present a greater gap when undesirable output is considered. 4) The improvement potential analysis indicates a mismatch between the ULUE and the improvement potential. Areas with low efficiency does not necessarily have relatively high improvement potential (e.g., Ningxia and Xinjiang), or areas with relatively high efficiency may also have high improvement potential (e.g., Fujian and Shandong). Based on the difference in ULUE level and its improvement potential, targeted policy suggestions for ULUE improvement are further proposed.

In this paper, size-controlled and surface-functionalized RhB-labeled and Cyclosporin A (CsA)-loaded polystyrene (PS) nanospheres were successfully synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization. The biophysical properties of PEG functionalized PS nanospheres from protein adsorption, blood compatibility, cell compatibility and cell penetrability showed the nanoparticles with high biocompatibility. These results indicated that PEG modified PS nanospheres showed outstanding properties as low size distribution (0.164), high encapsulation efficiency (98.3%), long re-calcification time (50% than positive control), low hemolysis ratio (3.19%) and high cell viability (95.3%). This work could be used as a good drug delivery system for CsA.

At present, vehicle tracking technology is still a hot research direction all over the world. The main work of this paper is divided into two parts: we should complete visual vehicle detection based on deep learning and vehicle tracking based on similarity measurement and association algorithm. The main work of this paper is as follows: Based on the YOLOV3 detection algorithm, this paper puts forward some new ideas and ideas, which are applied to the video detection and experimental results. Based on the structure of YOLOV3 convolutional neural network, the vehicle video detection experiment is carried out under the framework of TensorFlow, and the detection results are evaluated by the detection accuracy and error detection rate. Firstly, the augmented data set of video detection is made, and a section of driving record video is recorded under the surrounding road conditions of the school. After that, the data set is used to train the weightless network of YOLOV3. Finally, the test results between KITTI data set and augmented data set are compared. Then the network is used to compare the detection results of different detection algorithms. The second work is to build the vehicle tracking model after getting the object selection frame after video detection. In this model, the classic hog feature extraction method is used to extract the vehicle appearance features, and then the motion similarity is calculated. After getting the total similarity between the targets in the front and back images, the target trajectory is recovered or released by the target trajectory management algorithm to achieve the tracking effect. The above vehicle tracking model is optimized by three evaluation parameters: MOTA, MOTP and IDS. In the end of this paper, the tracking effect experiments under different detection algorithms, different detection thresholds and the peeling analysis of tracking features are carried out for the vehicle tracking part, and some conclusions are obtained.

As one of the key technologies of intelligent assisted driving simulation, hardware-in-the-loop control system has gradually become the focus of attention. Driverless has gradually become a hot topic. This paper designs a hardware-in-the-loop system of the steering device, that is, the steering device and the software system form a closed loop. This paper studies two control strategies including manual driving and driverless driving. This hardware-in-the-loop system is designed by the upper computer and controlled by the lower computer. The communication between the steering wheel and the upper computer is realized through the serial communication protocol. This hardware-in-the-loop system can simulate two modes of manual driving and driverless driving, and a visual interface is made on the display screen, which can effectively analyse the steering in real time. It provides a basic platform for the research of automobile steering and driverless driving.

In order to realize the path tracking of autonomous vehicles, this paper first simplifies the complex structure of the vehicle into a two-degree-of-freedom kinematic and dynamic vehicle model. based on PID control, the vehicle path tracking controller is designed to calculate the lateral deviation between the expected path and the actual path, and outputs the front wheel rotation angle through the controller, so that the autonomous vehicle can travel well according to the expected path. The control system model is built in the MATLAB/Simulink, and the vehicle path tracking control system is simulated and verified jointly with the CarSim software platform. Simulation results show that the designed control strategy can ensure the path tracking performance of intelligent vehicles at different speeds, and has good tracking accuracy, real-time performance and vehicle driving stability.

With the continuous advancement of China’s urbanization process and the continuous development of autonomous driving technology in recent years, it has become a trend to use unmanned garbage sweepers to clean up and maintain the road surface. Garbage detection is an important part of the operation process of unmanned garbage sweeping trucks. It replaces human brains in the process of observing, judging, and locating garbage on the road, which directly affects the efficiency of sweeping trucks. This paper takes Halcon software as the main platform to introduce the research of road garbage detection based on machine vision.

With the development of automobile industry, the license plate, as the unique identifier of the vehicle, plays an important role in vehicle management. License plate recognition technology is mainly realized by image processing technology. It mainly includes image preprocessing, license plate positioning, character segmentation and other processes. In the actual process of license plate recognition, it is often impossible to accurately recognize the license plate due to the positional relationship such as angle. Therefore, this paper proposes a license plate recognition program based on the capsule network. First, through image preprocessing, license plate positioning, and character segmentation, and then use capsule neural network for training and simulation in order to achieve the object of accurate character recognition.

Ultrasonic technique has been introduced into a chemical co-precipitation method to successfully fabricate and well control interfacial structures of composite ferrites consisting of M-type barium hexa-ferrite (BaM, BaFe12O19)/nickel-zinc ferrite (NZ ferrite, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4). With a proper inputting ultrasonic power, the interfacial structures as NZ tiny particles attaching to BaM ferrite particles form, resulting in enhancement in interfacial exchanging coupling between the individual ferrite phases, and the synthesized nano-composites demonstrate a high magnetization of 57.5 emu/g and a coercive filed of 2750 Oe. The ultrasonic technique acted an important role in improving the elemental homogeneity in the precursor powders and therefore took effect on altering the nucleation and growth-up processes of the individual ferrite phase, which provides an effective way to control the interfacial structures in the composite ferrites.

Polyacrylate hydrogels are widely used in various aspects in daily life and industrial application. Therefore, the research on its structure is also a very important topic. A poly(acrylic-co-acrylamide) hydrogel synthesized by solution polymerization demonstrated two-step pH-responsive water absorption, which experienced two dramatical increments for pH 3–5 and 10-12. The structure was identified by Fourier transformed infrared spectrum (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TA) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrum. The relationship between structural evolution and pH-responsive absorption of the copolymer, which was investigated by using a low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), indicated that the absorption water in the copolymer could be categorized into three types: bound, semi-bound, and free water. With increasing pH, a change in the contents of these absorption water types with the structural evolution of the three-dimensional network was induced by mesh expansion and emergence of internal forces. The results provided insights into the structural design and control of various pH-responsive hydrogels.

Isofraxidin is a Coumarin compound widely distributed in plants, such as the Umbelliferae or Chloranthaceae, and it possesses numerous pharmacological activities. However, whether isofraxidin affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effects of isofraxidin on the 8 human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 2C8) were investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes. The results showed that isofraxidin inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2E1, with IC50 values of 23.01, 15.49, and 15.98 µmol/L, respectively, but that other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that isofraxidin was not only a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2E1, with Ki values of 7.91, 10.14, and 9.30 µmol/L, respectively. In addition, isofraxidin is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with Kinact/KI value of 0.047/12.33 µmol/L–1min–1. The in vitro studies of isofraxidin with CYP isoforms indicate that isofraxidin has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other coadministered drugs metabolized by ­CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2E1. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.

The oral bioavailability of puerarin is poor which hindered its clinical performance. This study investigates the effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in rats. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered puerarin (50 mg/kg) with or without verapamil pretreatment (10 mg/kg/day for 7 days) were investigated. The plasma concentration of puerarin was determined using LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetics profiles were calculated and compared. Caco-2 cell transwell model was also used to investigate the effects of verapamil on the transport pf puerarin. The results showed that when the rats were pretreated with verapamil, the maximum concentration (

A biosensor that could simultaneously detect multi-analyte as many as in a single test is more favored when facing lots of samples for screening purpose. In such a biosensor, the recognition element with broad specificity and highly affinity is a key reagent for detection spectrum. Here we report a dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) based biosensor for detecting 29 sulfonamides (SAs) in milk. The biosensor was established in a competitive format where HRP-labeled tracer and free SAs competitively binding to the limited amount of DHPS-DHPPP (6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin diphosphate) binary complex. Compared to other biosensors based on antibodies with the same objective, the current sensor employing DHPS provided not only highly sensitivity but also preponderant uniform affinities for all individual sulfonamide, which has never been achieved before in any immunosensor. However, the difference of recognition mechanism between DHPS and antibody remains unknown. To address this question, we deconstructed the variable region of two monoclonal antibodies produced by our group and then compared the intermolecular forces and key contacting amino acid residues of both DHPS and antibodies to several typical SAs with help of molecular modeling analysis. Results showed the orientation of the ligands in the binding site played a significant role during the recognition with proteins. The optimized assay provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.15–14.91 ng mL−1 and dynamic range was ranging from 1.54 to 126.85 ng mL−1 for 29 SAs. The developed biosensor finally was validated for five SAs in spiked milk with recovery values ranging from 72.7 to 129.3% and coefficients of variation less than 16.0%. The study showed that the biosensor based on DHPS make it a suitable screening method for the simultaneous determination of total SAs residues in food matrices.

This paper describes an innovative mechanism based on hydrostatic pads and linearmotors for the elevation structure of next-generation extremely large telescopes. Both hydrostatic pads and linear motors are integrated on the frame that includes a kinematical joint, such that the upper part is properly positioned with respect to the elevation runner tracks, while the lower part is connected to the azimuth structure. Potential deflections of the elevation runner bearings at the radial pad locations are absorbed by this flexible kinematic connection and not transmitted to the linear motors and hydrostatic pads. Extensive simulations using finite-element analysis are carried out to verify that the auxiliary whiffletree hydraulic design of the mechanism is sufficient to satisfy the Q3 assigned optical length variation errors.

As

This paper analyzes the static compression performance of the cushion material which is composed of EPE and corrugated paperboard. The cushion coefficient and the stress-strain curve are investigated under different thickness of EPE and different corrugated paperboard. The results show that the static cushion coefficient is not proportional to the strain with the increased height of corrugated paperboard. When e < 58%, the static cushion coefficient of the cushion material which is composed of A corrugated paperboard and EPE is smaller. The cushion performance is better than the one composed of AB corrugated paperboard and EPE. When e ≥ 58%, the static cushion coefficient of the cushion material which is composed of AB corrugated paperboard and EPE is smallest. And the static cushion performance is best. With the increase in EPE thickness, the static cushion coefficient is not proportional to the thickness. The increase in thickness does not necessarily improve the cushion performance of the cushion material.

The main reason is vibration and shock in the circulation for the damage of packaging product in the logistics process. The impact is one of the main factors, which causes product damage and packaging failure. To prevent the damage, drop test of packaging system must be carried on. However, this detect is generally destructive for products and so much samples are consumed. In this paper, the models of laptop and its cushioning packaging system are built, and the drop analysis of the system is developed based on ABAQUS software. The stress of the laptop during drop is simulated. Comparing the laptop without cushion and the packaging system using the cushion, the results show that the stress is different for two types, and the stress of laptop without the cushion is bigger than the other.

To pursue a higher imaging resolution for exploring more details in the information conveyed by the Universe, the next generation of optical telescopes based on a direct drive widely employ the extremely large aperture structure, which also introduces more disturbances and uncertain factors to the control system. Facing this new challenge, the PID control method in main-axis control systems of traditional astronomical telescopes cannot suffice for the requirement of the tracking precision and disturbance sensitivity in angular velocity. To overcome this shortcoming, we establish a dynamic model and propose an H ∞ controller for a 4-meter azimuth direct drive control system that consists of a revolving platform (azimuth axis), a three-phase torque motor, a motor drive, an encoder, a data acquisition card and a small computers. Simulations are carried out to analyze the model and guide the real experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed H ∞ controller reduces the tracking error by a maximum of 80.69% (average 57.8%) and the disturbance sensitivity by a maximum of 82.3% (average 50.96%) compared with the traditional tuned PI controller; furthermore, the order of the model describing the proposed controller can be reduced to three, thus its feasibility in real systems is guaranteed.

Biofunctionalized chitosan@Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are synthesized by combining Fe 3 O 4 and CS chemically modified with PEG and lactobionic acid in one step. The biofunctionalized nanoparticles are characterized by TEM, X-ray, DLS, zeta-potential and magnetic measurements. The in vitro and in vivo behaviors of the biofunctionalized nanoparticles, especially, the cytotoxicity, the protein resistance, metabolism and iron toxicity are assessed. The functional groups, PEG enable the nanoparticles more biocompatible and the lactobionic acid groups enable liver targeting. The potential applications of the nanoparticles in liver magnetic resonance imaging are confirmed. The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles are suspension stability, non-cytotoxicity, non-tissue toxicity and sensitive in liver magnetic resonance imaging, representing potential tools for applications in the biomedical field.

This study is to prepare a nanosuspension based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for delivery, controlled release and enhanced anti-solid tumor effects of As2O3. As2O3-loaded PLGA nanocapsules (As2O3-PLGA NCs) were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and were optimized by univariate analysis in combination with orthogonal experimental according to several factors. The optimized As2O3-PLGA NCs presented suitable physical stability, favorable size of (200.2±10.6) nm (PDI=0.117±0.008), spherical shape, and high encapsulation efficiency (92.48%±2.14%). The in vitro suspension stability of the NCs was excellent. The release of As2O3 from the NCs showed pH responsive release characteristics. The NCs can be efficiently taken up by SMMC-7721 cell and showed excellent antitumor efficacy against SMMC-7721 cell line. Then, As2O3-PLGA NCs could be considered as a promising formulation for the pH dependent release of As2O3 in cancer cells and enhance the anti-solid tumor effects of As2O3.

A series of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for fomesafen with different template to monomer molar ratios were contrived and developed via precipitation polymerization employing methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate as crosslinker and acetonitrile as porogen. Binding capacity experiment showed that MIP2 had the highest binding capacity of 3.25 mg·g−1 and the best specific affinity with imprinting factor (α) = 1.53. Scatchard isotherm analysis revealed that MIP2 had two affinity sites which had higher recognizability for fomesafen and the apparent maximum adsorption was 16.94 mg·g−1. Selectivity analysis indicated that MIP2 could specifically recognize fomesafen from its structure analogues. Morphology and structure of obtained polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry.

1Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM ) is a dynamical technique, by which the elasticity of the sample and sub-surface defects can be evaluated at nano-scale. Therefore, it is important to build the relative between contact stiffness and resonant frequency and determine the accuracy of the elastic modulus measurements. This paper analyzes the mechanical behavior of the cantilever of AFAM, the resonance frequency of the cantilever under free state and contacting with sample using finite element method are simulated, and the resonance frequencies are measured for the two states experimentally. From the three-dimensional model results, the resonance frequency of tensional modes also can found. Acoustic amplitude images are obtained using AFAM system, which can not only show the morphology but also mechanical information.

Background and objective Intravenous lidocaine infusion has been shown to facilitate postoperative recovery after major abdominal surgery. The current randomized controlled study was performed to assess the effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion on pain intensity, bowel function and cytokine response after larparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Eighty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to receive intravenous lidocaine (bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine at induction of anesthesia, then a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery) or an equal volume of saline. Patients, anesthesiologists, and study personnel were blinded, and anesthesia and multimodal perioperative analgesia were standardized. Blood cytokines were measured at scheduled times within 48 h. Pain scores, opioid consumption, time to first flatus and time to first bowel movement were also measured after surgery. Results Seventy-one of the 80 patients who were recruited completed the study protocol. Patient demographics were similar in the two groups. Lidocaine significantly reduced pain intensity [visual analogue scale (VAS), 0–10 cm] at 2 h (lidocaine 3.01 ± 0.65 cm vs. placebo 4.27 ± 0.58 cm, p = 0.01) and 6 h (lidocaine 3.38 ± 0.42 cm vs. placebo 4.22 ± 0.67 cm, p = 0.01) and total fentanyl consumption 24 h after surgery (lidocaine 98.27 ± 16.33 μg vs. placebo 187.49 ± 19.76 μg, p = 0.005). Time to first flatus passage (lidocaine 20 ± 11 h vs. placebo 29 ± 10 h, p = 0.01) and time to first bowel movement (lidocaine 41 ± 16 h vs. placebo 57 ± 14 h, p = 0.01) were also significantly shorter in patients who received lidocaine. Intravenous lidocaine infusion experienced less cytokine release than the control group. Conclusions This study indicates that perioperative systemic lidocaine improves postoperative recovery and attenuates the initiation of excessive inflammatory response following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Vibration is a common risk factor during its circulation process for product. To avoid the happening of the damage, vibration test of product and its packaging system must be done. However, this test is always destructives for products and it needs high cost. In this paper, the models of laptop and its packaging system are built; the vibration modes for the laptop are analyzed based on the finite element method. The vibration process of transport circulation environment is simulated and the resonance frequency and vibration mode are obtained. Comparing two different types without and with cushion, it can found that the vibration frequencies are different for two types. The results show that the laptop without the packaging cushion, the impact force is bigger than another, the resonant frequencies are different for them also.

Particle products widely exist in the packaging field, such as capsules and nut foods etc. In the practical packaging process, particle products are often needed to be transmitted in the horizontal screw conveyor. Based on the discrete element method, the particle transportation state in horizontal screw conveyor is simulated with EDEM simulator which is extensively used to simulate the movement of particles. The simulation results show that the characteristics of particle itself, such as size, density and the surface rolling friction coefficient, can affect the transition of the particles in the horizontal screw conveyor. Firstly, the average velocity of the particles decreases greatly with the increasing of particle size. Secondly, the average velocity of the particles increases when the particle density increases. Thirdly, the average velocity of the particles decreases with increasing of the surface rolling friction coefficient.

This paper analyzes the dynamic compression performance of the cushion material which is composed of EPE and EPS. The mechanical properties, the maximum acceleration and buffering coefficient of the cushion material are studied on FEM. The performance of the cushion material is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, the results show that: (1) The stress distribution of the cushion material and the stress are different if the arrangement mode of EPE and EPS is different. (2) When the stress area of the cushion material is added, the stress is mainly concentrated in EPS and at the contact point between EPE and the heavy hammer. And the stress area gradually becomes larger. (3) When the area percentage of EPS (D) is different, the stress distribution of the cushion material is not same. When D is greater than 81%, the stress is mainly concentrated in EPE. And EPE produces a deformation in the impact process. (4) With the increasing of static stress, the maximum acceleration and buffering coefficient first decreases, reaches its minimum, and then increases monotonously. When the static stress is equal to 0.00800 kg/cm2, the maximum acceleration and buffering coefficient reach the minimum.

Modification of the poly-urea-formaldehyde (UF) shell always interests formulators for obtaining special properties and applications of the microcapsules. Here, we were able to modify the UF shell with the biodegradable lignosulfonate-Ca as copolymer for encapsulation of acetochlor. The modified microcapsules were characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV), laser particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results showed 15% lignosulfonate-Ca substitution of urea benefits for higher encapsulation efficiency and finer particle size. Compared with the pure UF microcapsules, the modified shell surface became rougher with increasing lignosulfonate-Ca substitution of urea under 45%. We expect this modification approach will be applied by other fields besides pesticide manufacturing.

Poly( l -lactic acid) nanoparticles loaded with a hydrophobic drug were prepared by an emulsion–evaporation process (oil in water) with a novel, effective and biocompatible surfactant butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-1,4-butanedioic acid ditridecyl ester (sodium salt, 1:1) (BASDE). The particles are spherical in morphology and their diameters are controllable from 50 to 550 nm with poly-dispersity indexes within the range of 0.122–0.340. The drug entrapment efficiency and drug content were measured by spectrophotometry. The drug release rate is affected by both the size of the particles and the drug content in the particles. In vitro cytotoxicity data indicate that these drug-loaded PLA nanoparticles are safe for hypodermic injection regard to the toxicological acceptance. This study demonstrates that using BASDE surfactant, the size of PLA nanoparticles can be controlled at the nanoscale with a narrow size distribution, and the drug release is controllable with excellent in vitro cytocompatibility. This may be due to efficient emulsification capability and biocompatibility of BASDE.