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Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease, which could do serious damage to the people's health, and it hinders the development of the social economy but may be neglected. After a positive control, some countries and regions have blocked the spread of schistosomiasis. However, in the past few years, with the development of social economy, due to the global movement of people, schistosomiasis not only poses a threat to control areas, but also may cause new endemic areas. This article reviews the parasitological characteristics, clinical manifestations, epidemiological situation, and control approaches of three major kinds of human schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis japonica, schistosomiasis haematobia, and schistosomiasis mansoni.

To reveal the development and evolution pathway of global neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) from the bibliometrics and information visualization perspective.The research publications on the subject of NTDs from Web of Science, PubMed and PLoS NTD were retrieved and analyzed by using the bibliometrics analysis, visualization analysis and citation strategic diagrams.The number of publications on the subject of NTDs from 2005 to 2013 had being growing gradually year by year, but there were some differences from disease to disease. The distribution of the authors, organizations and countries of the publications could be classified into two clusters, one was represented by US and UK and the other was represented by Switzerland and China. The research subjects of the publications contained epidemiology, laboratory and social economics based on population and animals. Six key and hot topics were revealed as follows: the disease burden; incorporating the control of NTDs into the programs of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; comprehensive control strategies and their influence factors; human chemotherapy and its influence factors; vaccine; research and development innovation.The NTDs research in the globe is on its developing way with both challenges and opportunities, more concerns and investments, as well as the cooperations among different countries, organizations and disciplines are needed.

The global impact of neglected tropical diseases has been much more recognized recently. The elimination and eradication of these diseases is significant for achieving the millennium development goals, for societies and for global healthcare. WHO already drew the roadmap to accelerate the work on eliminating and eradicating the selected diseases for 2015 and 2020 respectively. The present review demonstrates the current situation and progress of controlling these neglected tropical diseases and the challenges faced, and emphasizes the action of China.

To explore the impact of the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir on Oncomelania snail habitats of Poyang Lake.Four counties with schistosomiasis endemic around the Poyang Lake, naming as Xingzi, Duchang, Jinxian and Xinjian, were selected as study areas. The average daily water level of four major hydrological stations near the above 4 counties from 1997 to 2008 were collected, as well as the elevation of 215 marshlands with snails in those 4 counties, the data of schistosomiasis endemic situation and snail survey of 4 counties in the year before the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir (2002) and the 6th year after the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir (2008). The fluctuations of water levels of Poyang Lake, flooding day of marshland with snails as well as the changes of the indicators in snail survey and prevention and control measures before and after the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir were compared.Before the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir, the fluctuations of average water level of the four hydrological stations around Poyang Lake was 6.91-12.93 m; which reduced to 5.72 - 10.75 m after the impoundment. The D-value of the fluctuations of average water level was (1.06 ± 0.47) m. The date of the annual maximum water level delayed by an average of 12 d; while the date of annual minimum water level arrived an average of 12 d earlier than the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir. The average flooding days of marshland with snails were separately (100.04 ± 42.06) d before the impoundment and (64.13 ± 22.30) d after the impoundment. The difference was statistically significant (t = 3.70, P0.05). The density of snails in the 4 counties around Poyang Lake was 0.8437/0.1 m(2) after the impoundment; declining by 31.04% from the snail density (1.2234/0.1 m(2)) before the impoundment. The density of infectious snails was 0.0014/0.1 m(2) after the impoundment; dropping by 67.34% from it (0.0042/0.1 m(2)) before the impoundment; the infection rate of snails was separately 0.34% after the impoundment and 0.16% before the impoundment. The difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 53.25, P0.05). The coverage rate of chemotherapy increased from 4.45% (35 558/798 200) in 2002 to 9.80% (79 457/810 400) in 2008; the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 17 336.63, P0.05). The coverage rate of snail killing increased from 1.35% (389.04/28 824.66) in 2002 to 7.49% (2260.90/30 166.22) in 2008; the difference was also statistically significant (χ(2) = 28 824.66, P0.05).The impact of the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir shortened the flooding days of marshland with snails and helped the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake regions as the environment went against the breeding of the snails.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in Western countries and is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The growth and progression of PCa is related to androgen levels. In cancer, nicroRNAs (miRs) function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In androgen-dependent PCa, miRs play a role in the growth, development, progression, and metastasis of the disease, and are also involved in the response to therapy and therefore affect the prognosis. In this review, we focus on the role played by miRs concerning the mechanisms of androgen-dependent PCa.

With Y 2 O 3 /carbon composite rods, Carbon nanotube bundles were synthesized in high yield by d.c. arc-vaporizing method. The carbon nanotube bundles and carbon nanotubes were observed by optical microscope, scan electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope. According to our observations, a new model is proposed to account for the growth of cathode deposit with nanotube bundles.

A (Pb 0.5 Sr 0.5 )Sr 2 (Y 0.5 Ca 0.5 )Cu 2 O y sample was prepared and the obtained T c(onset) and T c(zero) were 109 K and 51 K, respectively. A comparison of the M 2+ ionic radius, lattice constants a and c , and the interatomic distance sum of the Cu-O(2) and (Pb,M)-O(2) samples in the (Pb 0.5 M 0.5 )Sr 2 (Y 0.5 Ca 0.5 )Cu 2 O y system was made, where M = Sr, Ca, Mg, Hg, Cd or Cu. It was found that if the atomic radius of M 2+ , which is in the (Pb,M)-O plane of the (Pb,M)-1212 specimen, is larger, then the sample will have a higher T c(onset) and the major effect of the M 2+ on the T c(onset) of (Pb 0.5 M 0.5 )Sr 2 (Y 0.5 Ca 0.5 )Cu 2 O y samples was to change the interatomic distance (bond distance) sum of Cu-O(2) and (Pb,M)-O(2) when the Cu 2+ ion was exchanged for an M 2+ ion.

The tin tungsten bronze SnxWO3 (x = 0.26-0.33) has been prepared by a new, mild reaction between tin powder and tungstic acid in water at 95–100 °C and crystallized at higher temperature. The samples were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The black phase yielded crystals with hexagonal prismatic shape, the diffraction pattern of which could be indexed by a hexagonal unit cell with a = 7.429 (1), b = 7.429(2) and c = 3.7868 (8) A, α = β = 90, γ = 120 °. The space group was later assigned to be P6/mmm, eliminating seven other possible hexagonal space groups by refinement techniques. Eight possible trigonal space groups could be excluded by examining I(Hkl) and I (hkl) reflections on Weissenberg photographs and on the measured data set, which are equal in the hexagonal case. The position of tungsten is 0, 12, 0; Sn is disordered at x = 0.940(2), y = 0.950(2), z = 0. The oxygen positions are O1: 12, 0, 12 and O2: 0.208(1), 0.419(3), 0.0. The TEM examination confirmed this structure.

With Ln  La, Ce, Pr, Nd, the title compounds crystallize in a defective derivative of the hexagonal LaFe(CN)6·5H2O structure where additional H2O is replacing one quarter of [Fe(CN)6]3−. With the heavier Ln elements, we obtained orthorhombic (Fe) or monoclinic (Ru) and hexagonal (Fe, Ru) phases which appear to differ from the archetype only in details. Thermal dehydration destroyed the crystalline order almost completely and above 300 °C the cyanides decompose irreversibly.

For tin—tungsten bronzes Sn x WO 3 prepared both under mild, aqueous conditions and by a high temperature solid state reaction, the degree of hydration, the amount of X-ray amorphous byproducts and the value x have been determined quantitatively by thermogravimetric reduction in hydrogen. This is clearly more precise than th oxidation in oxygen, as the latter is not complete at 1050°C and is accompanied only by a much smaller change in mass.

To observe the clinical results of transvitreal choroidal biopsies in the diagnosis of choroidal tumors.It was a retrospective case series study. Slitlamp, indirect ophthalmoscopy, B scan, CDI, MRI, OCT, FFA and ICGA were performed in all 16 cases. The choroidal biopsy was obtained via an internal approach with a three-port pars plana vitrectomy. Vitreous samples were obtained in patients with vitreous hemorrhage. In choroidal tumor located at or in front of the equator, local excision of tumor were performed. The vitreous specimens, choroidal biopsies and excised tumor specimens were analyzed by the histopathologic studies. Statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available statistical software package (SPSS for Windows, version 13.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL).In 4 cases of vitreous hemorrhage, histopathologic studies showed hemorrhage in 2 cases and choroidal melanoma cells in another two cases. In 16 choroidal biopsies, 2 cases had a negative results, 11 cases showed choroidal melanoma, 1 case was melanocytoma and 2 cases were hemorrhage only. The diagnostic rate was 87.5%. In 12 cases that underwent local excision, 9 cases were choroidal melanoma, 1 case was melanocytoma and 2 cases were Schwannoma. High concordance was present between choroidal biopsy and local excision (Kappa = 1, P = 0.02).The results obtained from transvitreal choroidal biopsies were consistent with that from local excision. This procedure can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of choroidal tumors.

With the scientific-technological progress and economic development, the human resource development of the Chinese government departments is faced with more and more challenges. Therefore, the major issue faced with the Chinese government is to create a high-quality talent team which is capable of adapting to new situation. Adopting Nanning city of Guangxi province as the case study and focusing on the problems existing in current civil servant training such as inadequate investigation of training needs, lack of training motivation and difficulty in assessing the training effect and etc, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems and proposes corresponding solution, which is to improve training performance through training marketization. Meanwhile, in order to promote and guarantee the marketization process of civil servant training, the government needs to Implement the Marketization of Training and Government Guarantee Mechanism and Establish evaluation and certification System of Civil Servant Training, thus comprehensively improving the civil servants' capability of coping with the challenges of the new times.

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, here we briefly review the progress in the field of ophthalmic pathology. Recalling the development of ophthalmology in China, ophthalmic pathology has made numerous achievements and kept developing steadily. The field of ophthalmic pathology has been extended and remarkable scientific outcomes have been accomplished. This article concisely summarizes the development of ophthalmic pathology in China over the past five years, reviews and analyzes the present status of ophthalmic pathology in the fields of ophthalmic oncology, orbital diseases and other relevant fields. Future developing direction and prospective subjects are raised as well.

To study the effects of centipede extracts on H22 tumor-bearing mouse, sarcoma S180 mouse and normal mouse.Normal and tumor-bearing mouse were orally administrated by centipede extracts. Rate of restraining tumor, index of thymus and spleen were calculated after 12 days treatment. Acute toxicity testing tried to figure out In LD50 of centipede extracts.The restraining tumor rates of centipede ethanol extracts at low and medium doses were 22.2% and 17. 88%. There was no tumor restraining effect by the high dose treatment. The tumor growth of the H22 model mouse was not restrained by the centipede water extracts. There were no significant differences among the treatments in their spleen weight and spleen index. In LD50 test, the administrating dosages of centipede extracts given to the mouse were 48 times those given to patients on clinic. The result showed no mouse dead in centipede group.Centipede water extracts had no anti-tumor effect on tumor-bearing mouse. There is certain toxicity in ethanol extracts of centipede, suggesting that centipede alone for treatment of cancer needs further study.

Electronic service is an important part of e-government development of city government, at present, the development of electronic services among regions is uneven, and information release, forms download, online delivery and online transaction processing co-exist. System analysis personnel is at the center position of electronic service lifecycle management, who is responsible for service analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, but growing demand of electronic service brings great challenge to electronic services management. This paper attempts to propose the basic thought of electronic service lifecycle management, to balance responsibilities between system analysis and operational support members, to promote the electronic service development of city government.

This paper approached a cover algorithm for location problem in the optimization of emergency system. With the considering of requirements, emergency response time and total system cost, a distribution of the dispatch points can be obtained by the algorithm. The demands region/points can be covered by the circles with radius d and everyone takes a dispatch point as center. Contributes to the well property of Gaussian convolution, the local demands level can be obtained and the distribution based on covers and sorted demands is more efficient. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm can solve the location problem in the optimization of emergency systems.

In the rare-earth ferricyanides LnFe III (CN) 6 · n H 2 O ( n =5, 4) one of the two zeolitic H 2 O molecules per formula unit can be replaced by the larger alkali ions A + K + , Rb + , as well as by NH 4 + . Those with the larger Ln ions crystallize in the same structure as the hexagonal archetype LaFe(CN) 6 ·5H 2 O, whereas those with the smaller Ln adopt an orthorhombic structure which differs in detail from the orthorhombic SmFe(CN) 6 ·4H 2 O type. For ACs the analogy holds only for LnLa, Ce, (Pr), whereas with the heavier Ln elements a yet unknown structure appears. Among the potassium salts of the Ru II and Os II analogues the archetype structure is again found with the larger rare-earth ions only. The smaller Ln ions induce a further yet unknown structure.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in the adults. So far, known treatments have not been able to effectively improve the prognosis of the patients' life and the survival rate. Based on the above issues, it is imperative to think of what can we do for uveal melanoma. This paper reviews using local preservative therapy in combined treatment of UM, how to predict and evaluate the risk of metastasis, how to detect early metastasis, and whether or not systemic therapy to UM patients is necessary. We hope that through etiological study and through the evaluation of the effects of combined treatment of UM by large sample prospective control studies, we can find an effective therapy which can save the patients' eye and useful vision while simultaneously improving the prognosis, and ultimately, improving clinical diagnosis and treatment of UM in China.

Background and Objective:To examine the spectrum of eyelid neoplastic specimens obtained at the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006.Patients and Methods:A total of 2,639 eyelid neoplasms were included in the study.Results:Of the 2,639 eyelid specimens, 2,276 (86.2%) were benign and 363 (13.8%) were malignant. The most common benign lesions were inflammatory lesions, melanocytic nevi, papillomas, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, and epithelial cysts. The most common malignant or semi-malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas, sebaceous gland carcinomas, lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 years for benign lesions and 60 years for malignant tumors. There was no significant gender predilection among the five major non-benign eyelid tumors.Conclusion:At the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006, the predominant non-benign eyelid tumors were basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma, followed by lymphoma. The non-benign lesions occurred predominantly in elderly patients who were 60 years of age and older.

To evaluate the influence of reconstructive surgery for male urethral stricture on erectile function and sexual life quality.We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data of 326 male patients who underwent urethroplasty for urethral stricture in our department and evaluated their erectile function and sexual life quality.A total of 172 groups of valid data were collected, with the mean follow-up of 28.5 months. The mean scores on IIEF-5 (P=0.002) and sexual life quality (P=0.026) were statistically significantly reduced after surgery. Erectile dysfunction was found in 88 (51.2%) of the patients after urethroplasty, as compared with 56 (32.6%) preoperatively.The location of urethral stricture, surgical method and urethral stricture recurrence may affect the erectile function and sexual life quality of the patient, but both can be gradually improved with the time after urethroplasty.

To describe the histopathologic spectrum and patient characteristics of eyelid tumors in Beijing Tongren Hospital.It was a claims database analysis. A total of 2639 eyelid tumors verified histopathologically from January 1997 to December 2006 were included in the study.Of the 2639 eyelid tumors, the 5 most common eyelid benign lesions were inflammatory lesion, melanocytic nevus, papilloma, dermoid cyst and epidermoid cyst, and epithelial cyst. The 5 leading eyelid malignant tumors were basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 61 years for basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma, 57 years and 52 years for squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, respectively, and 48 years for lymphoma. There was no significant sex predilection in basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. Melanoma and lymphoma occurred more commonly in women, whereas squamous cell carcinoma occurred more commonly in men.Basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common malignant eyelid tumors, and lymphoma ranked third and had an increasing trend. The malignant tumors occurred predominantly in the elderly of 60 years and above.

Effects of pesticides on the function of thyroid have attracted lots of attention because thyroid hormones (THs) play a major role in mammalian brain development. In order to screen for compounds that acted on the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) signaling pathway, we transiently transfected the vector pGal4-L-TRbeta1 (Gal4 DBD fused to hTRbeta1 LBD) and Gal4-responsive luciferase reporter pUAS-tk-Luc into HepG2 cell, developing a reporter gene assay which showed good response to triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) with the median effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.46 and 25.53 nM, respectively. Bisphenol A exhibited weak anti-thyroid hormone activity with median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value of 6.45 x 10(-5)M. The assay showed acceptable repeatability to T3 with intra coefficient of variability (CV) of 5.9% and inter CV of 11.7%. Carbaryl, 1-naphthol (1-NAP) and 2-naphthol (2-NAP) were tested for their agonist and antagonist activities. As a result, we found that all the three related chemicals possessed TR antagonist activity and none of them showed the agonist activity. These results further indicated that TR might be the targets of industrial chemicals. And this assay provided a useful tool for investigating the effects of environment chemicals on thyoid function.

To investigate the effects of Shengjingbao on spermatogenesis in the mouse model of oligospermia and its action mechanisms.Sixty male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, Shengjingbao (Group 1), Vitamin E (Group 2), blank model control (Group 3) and normal blank control (Group 4). The first three groups were treated by celiac injection of cyclophosphamide for 5 successive days to make models, followed by intragastric administration of Shengjingbao and Vitamin E to Group I and 2, respectively, for 36 days. And then all the mice were sacrificed. The serum testosterone (T) level was determined by radioimmunology, and a suspension was made from the testis and epididymis of one side for sperm analysis, while the testis of the other side was sliced up and stained by HE method and TUNEL technique to detect the count of Leydig cells, the layers of spermatogenic epithelia and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.Compared with Group 3, the serum T level, the layers of spermatogenic epithelia and the count of Leydig cells were obviously improved and even exceeded those in Group 2. The positive expression rate of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in Group 1 was evidently lower than Group 2 and 3. The above differences were statistically significant (P0.01 or P0.05), but no significant difference was noted between Group 1 and 4.Shengjingbao can significantly increase the count of Leydig cells, elevate the T level that influences the layers of spermatogenic epithelia, and thus enhance spermatogenesis. The action mechanisms of Shengjingbao may lie in its capacity of inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, increasing the layers of spermatogenic epithelia and facilitating spermatogenesis. T may play a role in inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

Fenvalerate is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and is known to impede the male reproductive function. However, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1) were used to investigate the effects of fenvalerate on progesterone production. Fenvalerate treatment inhibited progesterone secretion induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), cholera toxin (CT) or forskolin and decreased cAMP levels induced by hCG, but not by CT or forskolin, which suggested a repaired site on the upstream components of G protein or G protein per se by fenvalerate in the cAMP-mediated signal pathway. Furthermore, the addition of cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, could not reverse fenvalerate-suppressed progesterone synthesis, indicating that fenvalerate interfered with the downstream molecules of cAMP. In addition, fenvalerate decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and protein levels, and also profoundly inhibited the activity of P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) which was consistent with the decreased expression of P450scc mRNA and protein in MLTC-1 cells. These results suggested that fenvalerate might inhibit progesterone production by attenuating cAMP generation and inhibiting StAR expression and P450scc activity.

Alkylphenols (APs) are widely used as important industrial materials and have attracted lots of attention because of their potential estrogenic activities. In this study, we developed human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) and rat estrogen receptor alpha (rERalpha) mediated reporter gene assays and compared the estrogenic activity of APs and related chemicals based on the two ERalpha. Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was co-transfected with Gal4-fused hERalpha and corresponding reporter plasmid; African green monkey kidney cell line CV-1 was co-transfected with rERalpha and reporter gene. Both assays showed acceptable response to natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E2) with EC50 of 0.16 nM and 4.7 nM. Then the estrogenic activity of 4-APs, 4-phenylphenol and bisphenol-A were evaluated and compared with the effects of E2. The data suggested that test APs and related chemicals possessed weakly estrogenic activity and the activity of test APs increased with the increase of substituent size. This structure-activity relationship helped to infer the activity of chemicals with similar feature. Furthermore, test APs showed similar effect on the function of hERalpha and rERalpha. This consistency helped to extrapolate in vivo rodent data to human being when performing risk assessment of endocrine disruptors.

Many studies evaluated the correlations of CD133 expression with the clinical outcomes in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) but yielded controversial results. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the impacts of CD133 expression on the prognosis of cancer patients treated with CRT. Electronic databases updated up to March 2014 were searched to find relevant studies. Relevant literatures without any language restrictions were searched via electronic databases as follows: Web of Science (1945 ~ 2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), PubMed (1966 ~ 2013), EMBASE (1980 ~ 2013), CINAHL (1982 ~ 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982 ~ 2013). STATA software was used for the current meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated. Six studies were identified with a total of 470 cancer patients treated with CRT. The meta-analysis results showed that CD133-positive patients had poorer overall survival (OS) than that of CD133-negative patients (HR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.20 ~ 3.07, P

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have thus been classified as endocrine disruptors. Pyrethroids are commonly used pesticides worldwide, but little has been done to characterize their antiandrogenic activity potential. We tested three frequently encountered pyrethroids (fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin) and their metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) for antiandrogenic and androgenic activity using a human androgen receptor (AR) mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in CV-1 African green monkey kidney cell. The assay displayed appropriate response to the known AR agonist 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and AR antagonist nilutamide and flutamide. At 0.1mM, all the three tested pyrethroids significantly suppressed the luciferase expression. Further, their metabolite 3-PBA also showed antagonist activity. None of the test chemicals showed androgenic activity. Through the antiandrogenic pathways, exposure to certain pyrethroids may contribute to the damage of reproductive system. In conclusion, pyrethroid pesticides can act as antiandrogen in vitro, and metabolizing to 3-PBA cannot eliminate the antagonist activity. This result provides useful information for risk assessment of pyrethroid pesticides.

Angiogenesis is the essential process for tumor growth and metastasis. Angiostatin, a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, could selectively inhibit proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. This study was to construct recombinant angiostatin-baculovirus, and explore the expression and biological activity of recombinant angiostatin in insect cells.The angiostatin baculovirus transfer vector pBlueBacHis2B was co-transfected with virus DNA into insect Sf9 cells to construct recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant virus was screened by plaque assay, and confirmed and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to produce large scale, high-titer virus stock. The expression of the recombinant protein at different time points was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The recombinant protein was purified by ProBond purification system. Inhibitory effect of recombinant angiostatin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined by MTT assay. Its anti-angiogenesis effect was confirmed by in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) test.Recombinant angiostatin baculovirus with a high virus titer (2 x 10(8) pfu/ml) was constructed successfully. Recombinant angiostatin (53 ku) was effectively expressed in Sf9 cells, and its pure degree was about 90% of insect cellular total soluble proteins. The recombinant angiostatin obviously inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 2.3 microg/ml, and remarkably inhibited the growth of vessels in CAM.The baculovirus expression system could be used to construct high-titer recombinant angiostatin-virus stock, and highly express the recombinant angiostatin in insect cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that angiostatin could inhibit proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.

Genetic diversity of five Quercus variabilis natural populations in four provinces of China was studied with microsatellite (SSR) markers. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was detected in Q. variabilis species with 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Average number of alleles (A) and effective number of alleles (N(e)) were 8.4375 and 5.9512 respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (H(e)) was 0.8059 and Nei diversity index (h) was 0.8041. Higher diversity was found with the populations from the central range of the species in contrast to those from peripheral areas and human activities might decrease the genetic diversity of populations. The majority of genetic variation occurred within populations, which could be concluded from the low coefficient of genetic differentiation (F(st)=0.0455). In addition, significant correlation was found between geographical distance and genetic distance. All these results present a basis to the conservation and utilization of genetic diversity of Quercus variabilis.

To evaluate the role of oncogene mdm2 and p53 in the development of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (ORMS) and demonstrate the feasibility of mdm2 and p53 as biological characteristic markers and prognostic indicators.Immunostainings of mdm2, p53 and Ki-67 antigen were performed on archival paraffin-embedded tissues taken from 31 ORMS patients. In situ hybridization was used to demonstrate the expression of mdm2 and p53 on the mRNA level. The correlations between the two genes and the clinical histopathologic parameters including age, gender, cells subtype, differentiation grade and proliferation index were analyzed.The positive expressions of mdm2 and p53 were 77.4% (24/31) and 71.0% (22/31) respectively; and the co-expression of mdm2 and p53 was 61.3%. The expressions of mdm2 and p53 on the protein level were in coincidence with that on the mRNA level. (1)The poorly and moderately differentiated group showed significantly higher expression of mdm2 and co-expression of mdm2-p53 than the well-differentiated group (P = 0.007; P = 0.009, respectively). (2) The samples were divided into actively-proliferating group and inactively-proliferating group in accordance with the expression of Ki-67 protein. The positive expression of p53 was significantly higher in actively-proliferating group than inactively-proliferating group. No statistic correlation of the positive expression of mdm2 and p53 with the other histopathologic parameters was observed.mdm2 and p53 were significantly correlated with the differentiation and proliferation of ORMS. The co-expression of mdm2 and p53 expression suggested that mdm2 might play a role in deactivation of p53. The overexpression of mdm2 and p53 leaded to the loss of cell cycle control and may contribute to the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of ORMS. Mdm2 and p53 may be prognostic indicators of the tumor.

In this report we found a new short PCR product when we amplified a 635 bp of NRDR fragment by RT-PCR. With 3'-Race and 5'-Race,we obtained two full-length cDNA sequences from human liver tissue,one 1 261 bp NRDR cDNA,another 1 003 bp NRDR isoform (NRDRiso,GenBank accession number:AY071856). The NRDR gene comprises eight exons and seven introns. The NRDRiso cDNA is produced by alternative splicing of NRDR cDNA, with the removal of 4, 5, 6 exons composed of consecutive 258 bp. The open reading frames of the NRDRiso cDNA predict a single polypeptide of 174 amino acids with the calculated minimum molecular mass of 18.6 kDa.

Peroxo-polytungstic acid (PTA) is used for preparing the amorphous tin peroxo-polytungstate (Sn-PTA), which can under different thermal decomposition conditions (directly in a reducing atmosphere H2, or first in air then in H2) produce two kinds of bronzes: a black hexagonal tin tungsten bronze (HTB) Sn0.23WO3 with a = 7.4285 (5), c = 3.800 (3) A and a cubic tin tungsten bronze Sn0.23WO3 with a = 3.79743 (6) A. The powder X-ray and electron diffraction studies are in agreement. It was also observed that the redox reactions between tin tungsten bronzes (both phases) and tin tungstates are reversible.

The title compounds, synthesized in powder form from solutions, are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. They are nonmagnetic and isostructural with hexagonal LaFe(CN)6 · 5H2O (space group P6 3 m , No. 176).

A simple process for preparing BaFCl-Eu 2+ phosphors of controllable particle size and size distribution under mild conditions is described. The matrix compound BaFCl was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation from BaCl 2 and NH 4 F solutions. Appropriate quantities of EuCl 3 and KC1 were blended with the BaFCl matrix. Doping of Eu 2+ into the matrix lattice and formation of the phosphor were performed by heating the mixture at 760 °C. The reaction mechanism for the thermal reductive decomposition of EuCl 3 in the pure state and in the BaFCl-EuCl 3 system was studied by measuring the equilibrium vapour pressure using a quartz membrane gauge and by characterizing the composition and structure of the solid phase using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction examination, cathode ray luminescence spectroscopy and oscillopolarographic analysis. The reactions were found to be EuCl 3 → EuCl 2 + 1 2 Cl 2 xEuCl 3 + BaFCl → Ba 1−x Eu x FCl+ x 2 Cl 2 + xBaCl 2 The thermodynamic functions K p , Δ F and Δ H for these reactions were evaluated from the experimental data. The following results were obtained in the temperature range 900–1100 K: log k p (1) = 1.05–1443/ T ; log K p (2) = 1.30−1560/ T .