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This study was to investigate growth performance, rumination development, rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes (about 20% of calf birth weight) of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each other. Immediately after birth, 160 newborn Holstein female calves (41.6 ± 4.2 kg of initial BW) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: 1) starter (CON, only starter) and 2) starter and hay (HAY, both starter and hay). The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84, after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d 196. Treatment had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental period. However, treatment had an effect on the other parameters, mainly during the post-weaning period. Forage supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake ( P  = 0.05), while increasing the forage intake ( P  < 0.01) and the feed-to-gain ratio ( P  < 0.01). HAY calves had increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and physically effective NDF (peNDF) intakes ( P  < 0.05) and tended to lower ( P  < 0.01) starch intake compared to CON calves. The HAY calves had a higher rumination time ( P  < 0.01), ruminal pH ( P  < 0.01), and acetate-to-propionate ratio ( P  = 0.05) compared to the CON calves. Spearman correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal pH at d 84 ( P  = 0.01) and 196 ( P  = 0.02). The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), NDF and ether extract (EE), but lower digestibility of organic matter (OM, P  = 0.03), crude protein (CP, P  < 0.01) and starch ( P  < 0.01) compared to those of the CON calves at week 12. Furthermore, there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram DM and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only, without a concomitant effect on growth performance throughout the experimental period, suggesting no detrimental effect of feeding forage in calves fed high milk level., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the content of this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) on the glutamate release and the role of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels in the OGD-induced glutamate release in primary cultured astrocytes., Methods: The astrocytes were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, OGD group, Gap26 (Cx43 hemichannel blocker) plus OGD group, Cx43-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) plus OGD group. In the OGD group, the astrocytes were cultured in the oxygen- and glucose-free culture medium (950 mL/L N₂ and 50 mL/L CO₂) for different durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) at 37 Degrees Celsius, while the astrocytes in the control group were cultured in the ordinary culture medium. In the Gap26 plus OGD group or Cx43-ASODN plus OGD group, the astrocytes were incubated with Gap26 or Cx43-ASODN before and during the OGD. The extracelluar glutamate level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)., Results: After OGD, the extracelluar glutamte level significantly increased, and reached the maximum (5.00±0.30) nmol/mL at 90 minutes of OGD, which was significantly higher than that of the normal control (2.36±0.15) nmol/mL(P<0.05). After treatment by Cx43-ASODN or Gap26, the increase was inhibited. At 90 minutes of OGD, the extracellular glutamate levels were respectively (4.02±0.18) nmol/mL and (3.93±0.32) nmol/mL. They were signficalty lower than that of the OGD group at the same time (P<0.05)., Conclusion: OGD induced glutamate release through Cx43 hemichannel in primary cultured astrocytes.

Objective: To estimate the predictable value of histopathologic parameters in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS)., Method: Symptomatology was rated in 53 patients 12 to 24 months after ESS. Specimens taken during the surgical procedure were examined and scored for eosinophils, goblet cells, lymphocytes, subepithelial thickening, subepithelial edema and submucous gland formation. The correlation between histopathologic parameters and postoperative symptoms was then evaluated., Result: The most common symptome after ESS were nasal obsruction, nasal secretion, discharge and sneezing. The correlation between goblet cells and sneezing, discharge, submucous gland formation and headache, subepithelial edema and postnasal secretion was significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Certain histopathologic parameters in CRSwNP are predictive of favorable response to ESS.

Objective: To explore the using and value of semiconductor laser in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy., Method: In 8 cases with obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, after being had submucous resection of nasal septum, nasal polypectomy or sinus resection, we used the fiberoptic light probe through the canalis nasolacrimalis to confirmed the location of sacculus lacrimalis and resected the mucosa and bone on lateral wall of nasal cavity that covering the sacculus lacrimalis., Result: Six months after operation, the mucous was complete epithelization and ostium without stricture in seven cases. One case was covered with ulo, after reexcised with semiconductor laser and put the silicon through the canalis nasolacrimalis, the ostium without stricture in 6 months., Conclusion: Semiconductor laser can obviously reduce bleeding,adhesion and granulation tissue,it is a good, simply and shortcut way for clinic.