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Counter-rotating (CR) compressor is a potential configuration to increase the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines. The present study numerically investigated a dual-stage CR compressor by solving unsteady Reynolds-averaged Naiver–Stokes equations. The unsteady flow mechanisms were analyzed and compared for swept and baseline (radially stacked) CR rotors. Both of these rotor configurations were numerically simulated for the entire design speed line. The unsteady flow field near the mid-span and blade tip characterized by tip leakage vortex (TLV) was analyzed in detail for both near peak efficiency (NPE) and near stall (NS) conditions. According to the results, blade loading of the second rotor (R2) was much higher than that of the first rotor (R1). Moreover, the blade loading was higher in the swept rotors in comparison with the baseline CR rotors. In both baseline and swept CR compressors, the potential effect of R2 on the static pressure distribution of R1 was more significant compared to the opposite effect. Under the NS condition, the potential effect was confined in the rear zone of R1 where the potential flow of R2 passed. Despite the obvious impact of wake-induced negative jet on the flow field of R2 blade passage, the static pressure of R2 blade exhibited no evident variation except at 90% spanwise position. Although the blade loading of the swept CR compressor was increased, the potential effect of R2 on R1 was considerably reduced due to growth of axial gap between R1 and R2. Since the blade sweep improved the flow field, the wake passing effect on R2 was more moderate compared to that of the baseline CR compressor. The perturbation velocity magnitude of the swept CR compressor was approximately half of that of the baseline CR compressor. The TLV of R2 was periodically disturbed, and therefore, low axial velocity patches were observed on the TLV trajectory of R2. In addition, the swept CR compressor exhibited smaller low axial velocity patches of TLV due to weaker aerodynamic interaction between R1 and R2.

PDF file - 107K, List of antibodies against total-, phospho- and cleaved-proteins, with dilutions used for RPPA analysis.

The NCI-60 cell line set is likely the most molecularly profiled set of human tumor cell lines in the world. However, a critical missing component of previous analyses has been the inability to place the massive amounts of “-omic” data in the context of functional protein signaling networks, which often contain many of the drug targets for new targeted therapeutics. We used reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis to measure the activation/phosphorylation state of 135 proteins, with a total analysis of nearly 200 key protein isoforms involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration, adhesion, etc., in all 60 cell lines. We aggregated the signaling data into biochemical modules of interconnected kinase substrates for 6 key cancer signaling pathways: AKT, mTOR, EGF receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), integrin, and apoptosis signaling. The net activation state of these protein network modules was correlated to available individual protein, phosphoprotein, mutational, metabolomic, miRNA, transcriptional, and drug sensitivity data. Pathway activation mapping identified reproducible and distinct signaling cohorts that transcended organ-type distinctions. Direct correlations with the protein network modules involved largely protein phosphorylation data but we also identified direct correlations of signaling networks with metabolites, miRNA, and DNA data. The integration of protein activation measurements into biochemically interconnected modules provided a novel means to align the functional protein architecture with multiple “-omic” data sets and therapeutic response correlations. This approach may provide a deeper understanding of how cellular biochemistry defines therapeutic response. Such “-omic” portraits could inform rational anticancer agent screenings and drive personalized therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer Res; 11(6); 676–85. ©2013 AACR.

PDF file - 1038K, Systems networks of AKT (A), apoptosis (B), IGF-1R (C) and mTOR (D) pathway activation. Node color: Violet - node representing the Pathway Score; Blue - phosphoproteins (linked to pathway score or to other proteins/genes at the protein level); Yellow - genes (linked to Pathway Score or to other proteins/genes at the mRNA level); Orange - microRNA; Dark green - drug; Light green - metabolite; Gray - other. Node shape: Diamond - Pathway Score node, or phosphoprotein that is used in calculating the Pathway Score; Circle - other nodes. Edge color & label: Brown - relationship inferred based on phosphoprotein level (either with level other phosphoprotein, or with Pathway Score); Gray - relationship inferred based on gene mRNA expression (either with mRNA of other gene, or with Pathway Score); Dark green - phosphoprotein level or gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with drug's response measured as -log(GI50); Light green - phosphoprotein level or gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with metabolite concentration; Red - phosphoprotein level or gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with mutation of other gene. Arrow points from mutation gene to the mRNA gene; Pink - gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with methylation of other gene. Arrow points from methylation gene to the mRNA gene; Dark blue - gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with copy number of other gene. Arrow points from copy number gene to the mRNA gene; Orange - gene expression (mRNA) is significantly correlated with expression of microRNA. Edge line style: Solid - positive correlation; Dashed - negative correlation.

PDF file - 55K, Scatterplots of RPPA measurements for total and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 (A), AKT (B) and ERBB3. Normalized relative intensity values for the total protein are plotted along the x-axis and values for the phosphorylated protein along the y-axis. Regression lines and r2 goodness of fit values are also shown.

PDF file - 160K, Unsupervised hierarchical clustering representing the NCI-60 cell lines (horizontal axis) and the RTKs (vertical axis) analyzed. The NCI-60 sample names have been colorized according to their tissue origin: orange - kidney, blue - lung, pink - breast, red - blood, green - colon, brown - prostate, purple - ovary, black - skin and gray - central nervous system.

PDF file - 142K, Unsupervised hierarchical clustering representing the NCI-60 cell lines (horizontal axis) and the calculated six pathway activation module scores (vertical axis): IGF1-R, apoptosis, integrin, mTOR, AKT and EGFR. The NCI-60 cell lines have been colorized according to their tissue origin: orange - kidney, blue - lung, pink - breast, red - blood, green - colon, brown - prostate, purple - ovary, black - skin and gray - central nervous system.

PDF file - 150K, Identification and characterization of activated pathway modules by signal transduction representation: IGF-1R (A), apoptosis (C), mTOR (E), AKT (G) and EGFR (I) and unsupervised hierarchical clustering: IGF-1R (B), apoptosis (D), mTOR (F), AKT (H) and EGFR (J). For the pathway representation, the inhibitory phosphorylations considered in the analysis are shown in red and the activating phosphorylations in green. For the unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the complete panel of NCI-60 (vertical axis) is shown. Specific endpoint relative intensity values have been used to create the heatmaps. After overall score calculation, we highlighted the cell lines with the top 10 pathway scores (red), and the cell lines with the lowest 10 pathway activation scores (green).

A novel perovskite CaLa4Ti4O15:Eu3+ red-emitting phosphor was synthesized via a sol-combustion method, and Gd3+ was further co-doped into structure to improve the luminescence performance. The effects of Eu3+ doping and Gd3+ co-doping concentrations on the microstructure and luminescence properties were investigated. The red emission peaks of as-prepared phosphors originate from the 5D0→7Fj electron transitions of Eu3+ ions. Under 273 nm excitation, the luminescence intensity of Eu3+ was significantly enhanced through the energy transfer between Gd3+ and Eu3+ in CaLa4Ti4O15, and the luminescence intensity was also been improved even under the excitation of 394 nm. By combining red-emitting CaLa4Ti4O15:Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor with commercial blue and green phosphors on n-UV chip (λ = 395 nm), an eye-friendly w-LEDs with appropriate correlated color temperature (4761 K) and high color rendering index (Ra = 93.1) has been realized. The electroluminescence spectrum of the packaged red LED have an excellent match with the PR absorption of plants. In addition, when introducing CaLa4Ti4O15:Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor into a commercial w-LED with YAG:Ce3+, the adjustable chromaticity parameters like CCT and CRI values can be obtained. These results demonstrated that the as-prepared CaLa4Ti4O15:Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor is an outstanding candidate as the red component for the application of w-LEDs and plants lighting.

Purpose The COVID-19 outbreak has been effectively controlled in China, but the resulting public psychological crisis is a latent, persistent and torturous disaster. This crisis affects not only the individual’s health but also social stability. This study aims to reveal the structure and situation of public psychological crisis during the remission period of the COVID-19 epidemic. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey of the psychological crisis was conducted from February to May 2021. Data was collected from 1,056 respondents from different provinces in China. Findings The findings reveal the dangerous risks of public psychological crises. The specific results are as follows: first, a hierarchical state structure of psychological crisis is constructed and characterized as a significant gradient decline, namely, anxious state>panic state>depressive state>hostile state. Second, 43.939% of respondents reported an anxious state, 46.780% reported a panic state, 40.909% reported a depressive state, 28.883% reported a hostile state and 22.254% of the respondents had four psychological crisis states. Third, those with 56–65 years of age, equal or below high school and PhD, with monthly family incomes of ¥50,000–¥100,000 and living in the county and city areas have relatively high levels of psychological crisis. Originality/value This study enriches the research on the evolution of the psychological crisis in terms of structure and periods. This study also provides substantial evidence for hierarchical intervention and differentiated intervention of psychological crisis.

Photoacoustic imaging techniques with gold nanoparticles as contrast agents have received a great deal of attention. The photoacoustic response of gold nanoparticles strongly depends on the far-field optical properties, which essentially depend on the dielectric constant of the material. The dielectric constant of gold not only varies with wavelength but is also affected by temperature. However, the effect of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant on gold nanoparticles' photoacoustic response has not been fully investigated. In this work, the Drude-Lorentz model and Mie theory are used to calculate the dielectric constant and absorption efficiency of gold nanospheres in aqueous solution, respectively. Then, the finite element method is used to simulate the heat transfer process of gold nanospheres and surrounding water. Finally, the one-dimensional velocity-stress equation is solved by the finite-difference time-domain method to obtain the photoacoustic response of gold nanospheres. The results show that under the irradiation of a high-fluence nanosecond pulse laser, ignoring the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant will lead to large errors in the photothermal response and the nonlinear photoacoustic signals (it can even exceed 20% and 30%). The relative error of the photothermal and photoacoustic response caused by ignoring the temperature-dependent dielectric constant is determined from both the temperature dependence of absorption efficiency and the maximum temperature increase of gold nanospheres. This work provides a new perspective for the photothermal and photoacoustic effects of gold nanospheres, which is meaningful for the development of high-resolution photoacoustic detectors and nano/microscale temperature measurement techniques.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACFs) treated with small locking plates alone versus small locking plates combined with screws. Methods Retrospective analysis of 120 patients with intra-articular fractures seen from May 2018 to June 2020, all of whom were surgically repositioned using sinus tarsal approach.60 cases received a small locking plate combined with screws fixation (observation group) and 60 cases received a small locking plate fixation alone (control group).Demographic variables were recorded and compared Gissane angle, Bohler's angle, calcaneal varus, and joint line parallel angle at 3 days and 2 years postoperative follow-up.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle and Hindfoot Score and VAS were applied to assess postoperative foot function, and complications were also compared. Results Compared with the control group, the joint line parallel angle and calcaneal varus in the observation group had lower displacement changes from the postoperative period to the 2-year follow-up,they are 0.07 (0.15) degrees vs 0.47 (0.59) degrees(P 0.05).The final AOFAS score, VAS score and complications were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion When STA is used to treat DIACFs, fixation with a small locking plate combined with screws appears to provide better posterior articular surface stability and better maintenance of calcaneal axial stability than fixation with a small locking plate alone,the two techniques had similar functional outcomes and complications after surgery.

Heterohelicenes are of increasing importance to the field of material science, molecular recognition, and asymmetric catalysis. However, the enantioselective construction of heterohelicenes, especially by organocatalytic method, remains rare and challenging. Herein, enantioenriched 1-(3-indol)-quino[5]helicenes have been synthesized through chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed Povarov reaction, followed by an oxidative central-to-helical chirality conversion process. The reaction has a broad scope and offers rapid access to an array of chiral quinohelicene derivatives with pretty enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Furthermore, optical properties of the studied quinohelicenes have been disclosed.

Supplemental Material for Polyarylates containing phthalazinone moieties with excellent thermal resistance by Pei-qi Xu, Shou-hai Zhang, Qian Liu, Kai-wen Wu, Dan-hui Wang, Zhao-qi Wang, Ze-yuan Liu, Ying-nan Zhang, and Xi-gao Jian in High Performance Polymers

We examine designs for crowdsourcing contests, where participants compete for rewards given to superior solutions of a task. We theoretically analyze tradeoffs between the expectation and variance of the principal's utility (i.e. the best solution's quality), and empirically test our theoretical predictions using a controlled experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our evaluation method is also crowdsourcing based and relies on the peer prediction mechanism. Our theoretical analysis shows an expectation-variance tradeoff of the principal's utility in such contests through a Pareto efficient frontier. In particular, we show that the simple contest with 2 authors and the 2-pair contest have good theoretical properties. In contrast, our empirical results show that the 2-pair contest is the superior design among all designs tested, achieving the highest expectation and lowest variance of the principal's utility.

The flourishing of online labor markets such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) makes it easy to recruit many workers for solving small tasks. We study whether information elicitation and aggregation over a combinatorial space can be achieved by integrating small pieces of potentially imprecise information, gathered from a large number of workers through simple, one-shot interactions in an online labor market. We consider the setting of predicting the ranking of $n$ competing candidates, each having a hidden underlying strength parameter. At each step, our method estimates the strength parameters from the collected pairwise comparison data and adaptively chooses another pairwise comparison question for the next recruited worker. Through an MTurk experiment, we show that the adaptive method effectively elicits and aggregates information, outperforming a naive method using a random pairwise comparison question at each step.

Deciphering the exhumation mechanism of high-pressure−low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks can provide important insights into the tectonic evolution of oceanic subduction zones at active continental margins. Here, we present a multidisciplinary study examining the exhumation tectonics of the Permo−Triassic eclogite-bearing HP-LT terranes of the Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt (CQMB) in the central Tibetan Plateau. Field geological relations and microscopic observations show that the HP-LT rocks in the Lanling area are separated from the epimetamorphic late Paleozoic ophiolite mélange of the hanging wall by low-angle detachment faults and primarily exhibit five stages of deformation. The HP-LT terranes were exhumed as a metamorphic core complex and show pervasive synexhumation top-to-the-SW and -S shear structures. The results of the petrological and mineralogical analysis and pseudosection modeling of retrograde eclogites indicate that these rocks are characterized by synexhumation mineral growth pulses with hairpin-type decompressional pressure-temperature trajectories. A compilation of previous geochronological data and our 40Ar/39Ar dating results of synexhumation minerals and shear bands in HP-LT rocks indicate continuous exhumation at ca. 244−215 Ma prior to the continental collision between the North Qiangtang Block (NQB) and South Qiangtang Block. Moreover, the CQMB is likely an autochthonous accretionary wedge resulting from northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean beneath the NQB. Combined with ca. 243−230 Ma mantle upwelling to the north of Lanling, we infer that the CQMB, namely, the accretionary wedge of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, experienced Middle−Late Triassic lithospheric extension in the NW-SE direction.

The co-exposure of antibiotics has important effects on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community aggregation in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, it is unclear whether differences in historical antibiotic exposure stress can determine responses of microbes and ARGs to combined antibiotics. By selecting a high concentration (30 mg·L

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a five-ring triterpenoid compound, which is widely present in plants. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, oleanolic acid is insoluble in water and has low bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. In this review, we focus on summarizing the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of the A ring or C-28 carboxyl modified derivatives of OA since 2015, to determine the strength of its anti-cancer effectiveness and evaluate whether it could be used as a clinical anti-cancer drug.