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microRNA (miR)-142-3p is implicated in malignancy and has been identified as a biomarker for aggressive and recurrent lung adenocarcinomas. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of miR-142-3p on apoptosis and inflammation induced by bleomycin in MLE-12 cells. MLE-12 cells were first transfected either with miR-142-3p mimic or miR-142-3p inhibitor and then the cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL of bleomycin. Thereafter, cell viability, apoptosis and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Cox-2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR expressions were detected by western blotting after bleomycin was administered together with NS-398 (an inhibitor of Cox-2). As a result, cell viability was significantly decreased, as well as apoptosis and the expression of IL-1 and TNF-α were remarkably increased after 50 and 100 μg/mL of bleomycin administration. miR-142-3p overexpression alleviated bleomycin-induced apoptosis and overproduction of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines, while miR-142-3p suppression exhibited completely opposite results. Up-regulation of Cox-2 and inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR were found in bleomycin-pretreated cells, while these abnormal regulations were partially abolished by miR-142-3p overexpression and NS-398. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miR-142-3p overexpression protected bleomycin-induced injury in lung epithelial MLE-12 cells, possibly via regulating Cox-2 expression and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that miR-142-3p may be a therapeutic strategy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment.

To avoiding tampering with jewelry image, based on web service technology, a jewelry image watermarking encryption service is proposed by encapsulating the watermarking encryption module which runs in the local network environment. The service can judge the barcode regions in the jewelry image, and get the jewelry serial number by analyzing the barcode content. The practicability and validity of the watermarking encryption service is verified through the application in the jewelry inspection business management system.

For implementing the online control and simulation of TE process, a simulation and optimization platform is proposed based on multi-agent technology. Professional software such as G2, GAMS, Matlab, are wrapped as agents with multi-agent technology. Based on the simple object access protocol, it can control and optimize the online simulation procedure of TE process. Finally the practicability and validity of the proposed platform are verified through the application in the TE process simulation and optimization.

For implementing the online control of product development process in Micro-Plant, an integration control platform is proposed based on web service technology. Professional software such as G2, GAMS, Matlab, are wrapped as web services based on multi-agent technology, and the web service named Data_Service is given to implement the data communication among different web services, then we can control and optimize the product development process in Micro-Plant. Finally the practicability and validity of the integration control platform are verified through the application in the product development of Nipagin ester.

For implementing jewelry cert print in the web environment, based on web service and ActiveX technology, an online jewelry cert print service is proposed by encapsulation the jewelry cert print module running in the local network environment. The service can implement the cert typesetting and batch print, and can communicate soap message with other web services. The practicability and validity of the online jewelry cert print service is verified through the application in the jewelry inspection business management system.

For implementing jewelry weigh with balance in web environment, based on web service, an online balance weigh service is developed by encapsulating RS232 interface with ActiveX technology, and then other web services can call the weigh service to get quality of jewelry ornament with SOAP message request. Practicability and validity of the online balance weigh service is verified through the application in jewelry business management system.

This paper introduces the PLC in the application of network technology, the characteristics of information channels of power line are analyzed, this paper discusses two kinds of modulation method, and contrast the FSK and OFDM modulation technology to make clear their respective features, finally summarizes the PLC access network technology based on OFDM modulation technology, the remarkable advantages of OFDM modulation technology are defined.

In this paper, a set of 3D general solutions to static problems of 1D hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals is obtained by introducing two displacement functions and utilizing the rigorous operator theory. All the physical quantities are expressed by five quasi-harmonic functions. Based on the general solutions and with the help of the superposition principle, fundamental solutions for infinite/half-infinite spaces are presented by trial-and-error technique. The general solutions can be conveniently used to solve the boundary value problems regarding dislocations, cracks and inhomogeneities. The fundamental solutions are of primary significance to development of numerical codes such as boundary element method.

In the previous works, the authors presented the reproducing kernel method (RKM) for solving various differential equations. However, to the best of our knowledge, there exist no results for functional differential equations. The aim of this paper is to extend the application of reproducing kernel theory to nonlocal functional differential equations with delayed or advanced arguments, and give the error estimation for the present method. Some numerical examples are provided to show the validity of the present method.

Tube-sheet cracking is a severe problem in the oil refinery industry with the consequences of shortened service life and increased costs. In this study, the mechanisms of the tube-sheet cracking in slurry oil steam generators have been investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. It has been found that the cracks always occurred in the shortest tube–tube ligaments. All the cracks initiated near the expansion joints about 15 mm away from the oil-side surface where stress concentration existed. It was concluded that stress corrosion cracking occurred in the tube sheets due to the high-temperature (200–242 °C) and high-pressure (3.5 MPa) water, rather than the slurry oil containing elemental sulfur and chlorine.

The thermoelectric properties of the bismuth doped compounds Cu 3 Sb 1− x Bi x Se 4 , prepared by melting method and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, were investigated in the temperature range from 300 K to 600 K. The results indicate that the electrical resistivity of the Bi-doped compounds decreased as compare to Cu 3 SbSe 4 due to the increase in the hole concentration; also thermal conductivity lowered after doping, which can be attributed to the strong phonons scattering by atom mass fluctuations. Moreover, it is found that the state of density effective mass m * increases for the doped compounds, which could be responsible for the enhanced thermopower at T > ∼400 K. The largest ZT max = 0.7 is achieved at 600 K for Cu 3 Sb 0.98 Se 0.02 , which is about 3.3 times larger than that of the un-doped compounds.

ICF target quality control in the laser fusion program is vital to ensure that the energy deposition from the lasers results in uniform compression and minimization of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, which requires surface finishes on the order of submicron-scale. During target fabrication process the surface finish and the dimensions of the hohlraum need be well controlled. Density variations and nonspherical or nonconcentric shells might be produced. Scanning transmission ion microscopy computed tomography (STIM-CT) is able to reconstruct the three-dimensional quantitative structure of ICF targets a few tens of micrometers in size. Compared to other types of probe techniques, the main advantage of STIM-CT is that quantitative information about mass density and sphericity can be obtained directly and non-destructively, utilizing specific reconstruction codes. We present a case of ICF target (composed of polyvinyl alcohol) characterization by STIM-CT in order to demonstrate the STIM-CT potential impact in assessing target fabrication processes.

This Letter is concerned with thermo-elastic fundamental solutions of an infinite space, which is composed of two half-infinite bodies of different one-dimensional hexagonal quasi-crystals. A point thermal source is embedded in a half-space. The interface can be either perfectly bonded or smoothly contacted. On the basis of the newly developed general solution, the temperature-induced elastic field in full space is explicitly presented in terms of elementary functions. The interactions among the temperature, phonon and phason fields are revealed. The present work can play an important role in constructing farther analytical solutions for crack, inclusion and dislocation problems.

This paper presents a general account of the indentation responses of a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal half-space pressed by an axisymmetric rigid punch. Based on Green's functions of the half-space subjected to point sources on the surface, the mixed boundary value problem is transformed to integral equations and solved exactly using the results of the potential theory method. Explicit expressions for the generalised pressures and indentation forces are derived for three common indenters (cylinder, cone and approximate sphere) in a systematic manner. For conical and spherical indenters, relations between the contact radius and indentation loads are determined. The coupling phonon–phason fields in the half-space under indentation are accurately expressed in terms of elementary functions. Numerical calculations are performed and discussions on related physical phenomena are given. The present exact solutions can serve as benchmarks for approximate or numerical analyses and can guide the experimenta...

Polyester-urethane adhesive was irradiated by gamma rays at various radiation doses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy were used to study the radiation effects. Particularly, 2D correlation techniques were employed to study the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) data. The results of the synchronous and asynchronous 2D correlation spectra are analyzed and discussed. Three decomposition pathways in the urethane linkages, and two decomposition mechanisms of the polyester in soft segments were proved. Besides, we obtained the sequential order of several polyester-urethane adhesive decomposition ranges along the perturbation variable (radiation dose), which showed the soft segments in polyester-urethane were affected by gamma radiation first, whilst the hard segments latest. These results could not be obtained only from the DTG data. In addition, we summarized the gamma radiation effects on polyester-urethane adhesive based on the results we observed.

In this paper, we present a case study of fracture-cavern detection using 3D P-wave seismic data from Tarim Basin in Western China. The target layer is buried deeply with developed carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Fractures provide the main hydrocarbons migration path and caverns are the main store spaces in the study area. We focus on the prestack azimuthal frequency gradient to characterize the meso-scale fractures. For the macro-scale fractures, we analyze the poststack attributes, such as variance, curvature and ant-tracking. Also, we study the poststack amplitude and peak frequency attributes to describe caverns.The prediction is correspond to the borehole data and gas production.And all of the above results help us to develop insights of the distribution of fracture-cavern in this area.

In this paper, we analyze the effect of loss of low frequency on seismic data and the illusions caused by low-frequency end missing of spectrum .The loss of low-frequency data decreases the main lobe amplitude, and increases the side lobe amplitude which makes the seismic section seem that there exist many false reflected events in fact they are not true interface reflected wave. A method is proposed to extend the low frequencies of seismic data by improved heterodyning (DH PC) to eliminate this illusion and acquire the improvement of apparent resolution. Proposed DH PC method overcomes the problem of phase variation and the low frequencies of seismic data could be quantitatively extended, which can decrease the possibility of the mistake in the interpretation of events and avoid regarding the pseudo-event as a true reflection, and provide heterodyned results with better lateral continuity, true events and obvious wave impedance characteristic. Synthetic and real vibroseis seismic datasets are used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Prestack amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) inversion and interpretation has successfully helped to characterize and detect hydrocarbon reservoirs for many years. Recently, many geophysicists are studying frequency-dependent attributes for quantitative hydrocarbon detection. In this abstract, we analysis the two frequency-dependent AVO attributes (intercept and gradient) by modeling the different gas and water saturation condition based on patchy saturated model. The main aim is to analyze the frequency-dependent characteristic with a gas saturation from 0% to 100% in the seismic frequency band (1Hz-100Hz). Based on White’s model, three sandstone reservoir models are analyzed, which indicate different depositional environments. The modeling results verify that the frequency-dependent AVO attributes are sensitive to the partial saturation and their cross-plots can be used to distinguish the fluids saturation quantitatively.

Scalar images (i.e. PP-, PS-, SP- and SS-wave images) of elastic reverse time migration (RTM) can generated by applying an imaging condition to pure wave modes. Decoupled P- and S-wave equation provides an alternative way to separate P- and S-wavefields in elastic RTM. However, the output separated wavefields are both vectorial. To obtain the scalar images, we propose a new imaging condition in which the scalar product of two vector wavefields is exploited to produce scalar images in elastic RTM. For this scalar-product-based source-normalized elastic crosscorrelation condition needs, no additional prior information is required, except for the P- and S-wave velocities. And additional polarity reversal correction methods are not required to correct polarity changes in converted-wave images for the output separated wavefields have consistent amplitude polarity. Numerical example on Marmosui2 is used to test the effectiveness and robustness of our new imaging condition.

Seismic wave reflection energy is related to the reservoir parameters such as porosity and fluid saturation, for years, geophysicists have noticed that low-frequency seismic anomalies always associated with hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this abstract, we studied characteristics of the magnitude and phase angle of NI, and the AVO gradient, intercept and their sum of squares from an interface between a nondispersive medium and a dispersive medium. We consider the relations between porosity, permeability, dry-rouck moduli, shallow and deep reservoir condition, which will represent a more realistic situation. High porosity will lead to larger AVO gradient but lower intercept. Compared to porosity variation the frequency variation is insensitive. As for partial saturation, when the water saturation is lager than 0.4, the AVO attributes present a dispersion at seismic frequencies, especially shallow reservoirs. The measurements of the AVO gradient, intercept and their sum of squares, with the constraint of frequency provide a potential way to predict the fluids saturation quantitatively.

A chemical route combined with a subsequent spark plasma sintering technique was successfully utilized to synthesize n-type Se-substituted ternary Bi2Te3−xSex (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.6). We investigated the effect of Se doping on the thermoelectric properties of the Bi2Te3 nanostructured bulk materials. The results indicate that Se doping is an efficient way to reduce the thermal conductivity as compared to that of Bi2Te3 presumably due to enhanced (dopant) scattering of phonons. The maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT, is 0.7 at 485 K for Bi2Te2.55Se0.45.

This Letter presents three-dimensional general solutions for static problems in thermo-elasticity of one-dimensional hexagonal quasi-crystals. Two displacement potentials are introduced to simplify the equilibrium equations in terms of displacement and temperature. Rigorous operator theory and generalized Almansiʼs theorem are applied to derive the general solutions in terms of five quasi-harmonic functions. To show the significance of the general solutions, a semi-infinite space and an infinite space, both of which are subjected to a heat source, are considered. In these two cases, closed form fundamental phonon–phason-elastic fields are expressed by elementary functions, which play an important role in numerical simulations.

Doubled haploid (DH) technology, which is used for rapidly purifying genetic resources, is a key technology in modern maize breeding. The present study evaluated the tissue culture characteristics of maize haploid coleoptile sections, in order to provide a new way of haploid doubling. With 20 combinations of haploid coleoptile sections, obtained by hybridization within Reid, Tangsipingtou, and Term-tropical groups, as explants, we analyzed the induction and differentiation rate of callus, observed the number of root tip chromosomes in regenerated plants, and analyzed the pollen fertility. In addition, we used 47 SSR markers to analyze the genotypes of regenerated plants. The Reid and Tangsipingtou groups had significantly higher induction rates of haploid coleoptile callus compared to the Term-tropical group. Fifteen haploid plants were obtained which had 10 chromosomes in the root tips as assessed by I-KI staining. It was also noticed that the pollen of pollinated anthers were partially fertile. The haploid plants had genetic stability and showed no variation. The Reid and Tangsipingtou groups had good culture characteristics of haploid coleoptile sections, while the Term-tropical group had poor culture characteristics. Genotypes of haploid plants generated by tissue culture were evidenced to come from recombinant types of parents. Thus, this study established a tissue culture system of maize haploid coleoptile.

With the application of nanotechnologies, nanoparticles (NPs) may enter the wastewater collection system, threatening the operation and stability of the treatment process. The present study investigated the effect of short-term exposures of activated sludge (AS) to NPs on the sludge flocculation ability. Three types of NPs, ZnO, TiO2 and SiO2, were used at a concentration level of 100mg/L for the 24-h exposure, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology was employed to track the sludge flocculation dynamics during the tests. The results showed that a short-term exposure of the AS to NPs did not cause deterioration of the sludge in treatment performance and flocculation. According to the PIV detections, the flocculability of the AS actually was enhanced to some extent after the short-term NPs exposure. Flocs formed after the NPs exposure became more fractal with an elongated shape and a rougher surface, as a result of the improved cell attachment. The extended DLVO theory in combination with the thermodynamic analysis can be well applied to describe the enhanced AS flocculation after the NPs exposure. It is apparent that the attachment of NPs onto cells and flocs can effectively reduce the interaction energy barriers, leading to their improved flocculation ability.

The effects of the annealing temperature on the microstructure and the corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel 2507 were investigated by means of magnetic force microscopy (MFM), scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results indicated that the volume fraction of the austenite phase decreased with the increased annealing temperature. SKPFM/MFM measurements conducted in air at the room temperature and an ambient relative humidity of about 25% showed a higher Volta potential of the paramagnetic austenite than that of the ferromagnetic ferrite. The in situ AFM observation in a hydrochloric acid solution provided solid evidence that corrosion preferentially occurred in the ferrite phase. The sample annealed at 1100 °C exhibited a greater Volta potential difference between the ferrite and austenite and a higher corrosion rate in the ferrite, while that annealed at 1150 °C had a smaller Volta potential difference and a lower corrosion rate. The relative nobility and microstructure change of two phases, as well as their corrosion behavior, can be explained by the effect of the composition of alloying elements.

Single crystal 321 stainless steel stress corrosion cracking was studied in a 42 wt.% MgCl2 solution. Cracks propagated macroscopically in the maximum tensile stress plane regardless of the notch orientation with respect to the applied tensile load direction. Some stress corrosion cracks nucleated discontinuously at the intersection of the two slip bands. Most cracks, however, were not related to the slip bands. Cleavage-like fracture was observed, and the river-markings exhibited microshear facets along the {1 1 1} plane. Interaction between the main crack and the discontinuous microcracks increased the calculated stress intensity factor by 17 times and promoted crack coalescence, resulting in mechanical fracture of the ligaments between the cracks.

In this Letter, bilayered Cu 2 O/CuO thin films were grown on Nb doped SrTiO 3 (Nb:STO) substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The current–voltage characteristics of Pt/Cu 2 O/CuO/Nb:STO devices show reproducible and pronounced current–voltage hysteresis which was induced by the CuO/Nb:STO junctions. By comparing the current–voltage curves of the bilayered and single-layered CuO thin films, we attribute the prominent switching behavior to the oxygen-vacancies-mediated-carriers-trapped-detrapped process with the aid of the applied forward (reversed) bias voltage.

In this work, we present an algorithm for solving fourth-order multi-point boundary value problems (BVPs) based on the reproducing kernel method (RKM). In previous works, the RKM has been used to solve various two-point BVPs. However, it cannot be used directly to solve multi-point BVPs, since it is very difficult to obtain a reproducing kernel satisfying multi-point boundary conditions. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the present method. The results obtained show that the present method is quite reliable for linear fourth-order multi-point BVPs.

Background and Objective: Although there are many randomized clinical trials of late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (LCAHFR) combined with FP chemotherapy for esophageal cancer, the efficacy and toxicity are controversial. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of LCAHFR combined with FP chemotherapy in treating esophageal cancer. Methods: Reports of randomized clinical trials on LCAHFR combined with FP chemotherapy for esophageal cancer published between January 1999 and January 2009 were researched through Wanfang, CNKI, and PubMed databases. RevMan4.2 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one reports, including 2030 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 2030 patients, 1006 underwent LCAHFR (LCAHFR group), and 1024 underwent LCAHFR combined with FP chemotherapy (combination group). Compared with those of the LCAHFR group, the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-years survival rates and 1-, 2-, 3-year local control rates of the combination group were significant increased, and the acute toxicity was also increased, but chronic toxicity showed no significant difference. Conclusions: LCAHFR combined with FP chemotherapy can improve the survival rate and the local control rate of the patients with esophageal cancer. The increased acute toxicity need to be concemed, whereas the chronic toxicity needs a long-term observation.

HgCdTe thin films were deposited on Si (1 1 1) substrates at different target–substrate separations by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The results show that the kinetic energy of the incident particles, and the thickness, crystallinity, elemental composition and surface morphology of the HgCdTe thin films are affected by the change of the target–substrate separation. The HgCdTe films prepared using Nd:YAG laser show cubic phase. The films prepared by PLD on the undoped Si substrates can form SiTe 4 between the HgCdTe film and the Si substrate at small target–substrate separation distance. The formation of interfacial Si–Te may affect the quality of PLD HgCdTe thin films on Si substrates.

Outer space target recognition is one of kernel functions of space-based surveillance system. This paper presents a new method on space target recognition based on image sequence using wavelet moments and DS evidence theory. Experimental results show our recognition system has a good performance (100%) which achieves need of practical application.

We studied the microstructure and impact toughness of low-alloy high-carbon steel austempered at low temperature. Ultrafine carbide-free bainitic microstructure was obtained, which is composed of lath-like bainitic ferrite and retained austenite. The impact absorbed energy of austempered samples is much greater than that of the low-temperature tempered sample, while the hardness is slightly lower than the tempered sample. Crack propagation occurs via a combination of brittle quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile dimple fracture.

While using natural diamond tool to cut stainless steel alloy, the cutting parameters have a great impact on tool life. The impact of cutting parameters on influencing cutting tool life was studied through experiments on using ultrasonic vibration to cut special stainless steel alloy. The experiments were conducted with various cutting speeds, different tool feed rates, altered cutting depths and adapted vibration parameters. Consequently, the relative curve between cutting parameters and tool life was obtained. The experimental results indicated that in the ultrasonic vibration the diamond tool can manufacture stainless steel alloy precisely and made surface quality well. The tool life depended on the spindle speed of machine tool as well as the amplitude and frequency of ultrasonic vibration to a large extent. Among the parameters which affect the processing quality, cutting speed was utmost, followed by feed followed, and the influence of back cutting depth was insignificant.

This paper describes some recent results of the HgCdTe thin film grown directly on different substrates (sapphire, GaAs and Si) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The influences of the substrate material on the properties of HgCdTe thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the quality of the HgCdTe film has a strong relation to the structure and properties of the substrate. The experiment results indicate that the HgCdTe epitaxial thin films grown directly on the sapphire substrates have a high quality, and the composition of the films is close to that of the target. While the quality of the HgCdTe films deposited on the Si and GaAs substrates are not very good.

A method is developed to analyze the in-plane magnetic anisotropy from surface morphology for amorphous films. The lateral sizes along radial direction ( R RD ) and tangent direction ( R TD ) of rotational substrate, which are extracted from the surface morphology of Co 66.3 Zr 33.7 amorphous films, are used to calculate stress anisotropy energy E σ . It is found that E σ is consistent with the magnetic anisotropy energy K μ for the samples deposited on Si (1 0 0) substrate and then a relationship K μ ∝ 1/ R RD − 1/ R TD can be obtained. This method is sensitive to the initial state of substrate so its application range is discussed.

An extremely fine α single-phase nanocrystalline microstructure was induced in the dry sliding friction surface layer of 9SiCr steel austempered at low temperature. The mean size of nanograins in the top surface layer is about 3 nm, and such fine nanograins had never hitherto been achieved in near surface severe plastic deformation metals and alloys. Grains in the near surface layers coarsen linearly with increasing depth from the top surface. The retained austenite in the surface layer of the austempered sample was decomposed into α phase owing to the action of the shear strain during the dry sliding friction. In addition, the friction surface microstructure and the wear resistance were compared between samples with low-temperature austempering treatment and quenching plus tempering treatment.

Polycrystalline skutterudites Ba 0.32 Pd x Co 4− x Sb 12 (nominally x from 0 to 0.1) were synthesized by a melting method and sintered by spark plasma sintering. The electrical and thermal transport properties were investigated from room temperature to 850 K. Pd substitution for Co in Ba 0.32 Co 4 Sb 12 affected both electron concentration and transport processes, enhanced the thermoelectric power factors and depressed the thermal conductivities. Both the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) and the thermoelectric compatibility factor ( C F ) were improved over the whole temperature region.

During the exploration and development of shale gas, brittleness is now recognized as a crucial important parameter to evaluate the effect of hydraulic fracturing. We deduce a series of angle related functions to obtain information with all angles of shale layer. These functions are applied to six synthetic shale samples with different cementation. The synthetic samples are created by a new construction method, through which the synthetic shale samples in question are now with realistic mineral composition, lamination structure, low porosity and permeability, cementation and pressure sensitivity. To simulate natural shale with different cementation degrees under diagenetic conditions, we made 6 samples each with a different cement weight percentage: 20%, 17.5%, 15%, 12.5%, 10%, and 7.5%, named A1 to A6. The results indicate that the unconsolidated shale with less cementation shows stronger anisotropy and lower Young’s modulus. In the direction perpendicular to the lamination, the Poisson’s ratios are not sensitive to cementation. Yet in the parallel direction, with lamination structure developed to a certain extent, radial deformation is affected and Poisson’s ratio decreases. Cementation and fracture effects have a positive correlation. The anellipticity of the brittleness curve relates to the anisotropy parameter δ.