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The Training in Community Living model has been adapted for use in the center of a major metropolitan area, for the benefit of carefully selected recipients at the highest risk of hospitalization.

Even today there is not complete religious freedom for native Indian religions. Although the severest form of oppression was ended in 1934, discrimination and restrictive measures have lingered on. Amazingly, this long history of the religious oppression of Indians has been ignored by almost everyone, including those who are usually perturbed about the smallest amount of inter ference by government in religion. In this Bicentennial era every phase of United States history is being reviewed. American Indians see nothing in this history to celebrate, and they have clearly announced that they will take no part in the Bicentennial. The denial of religious liberty to American Indians, as de scribed here, is a striking example of the destructive treatment given to these original inhabitants of America.

The note describes a technique for measuring the density, or more precisely, the density difference between two fluids of nearly equal density. The technique makes use of a lock exchange experiment in which the two fluids are placed on either side of a dividing gate in an elongate tank. Removal of the gate causes an exchange flow to develop and the speed of the advancing dense front is related to the difference in relative density of the two fluids and the depth of fluid in the tank. Measurement of the speed of the intrusion permits the difference in relative density to be determined. The technique has been successfully employed to measure differences in relative density between 4×10-4 and 6×10-2 to an accuracy of ±5 percent of the difference.

Adsorptive studies of the surfaces of graphite and MOS2have shown that these consist of two distinct types of site. The sites on the basal-plane surface differ from those on the edge surface with respect to their relative affinities for different organic compounds. These findings led to the development of grinding techniques to produce graphite and MoS2 powders possessing different ratios of basal-plane:edge-surface area.Grinding graphite and MoS2 in the presence of low-viscosity, volatile hydrocarbons produced very thin flake-like powders, consisting predominantly of basal-plane surface. These fine flakes showed a high affinity for long-chain n-paraffins and were therefore termed oleophilic solids. Grinding under reduced pressure also produced very fine powders, having, however, a more granular structure exhibiting a far lower ratio of basal-plane: edge-surface area. These were termed polar solids to distinguish them from the solids ground in liquid hydrocarbons.The cold-forming properties of the...

Examination of adsorptive properties of graphite and MoS2 revealed that their surfaces are composed of two distinct sites, i.e., basal plane and edge sites, having different affinities for polar compounds and paraffmic hydrocarbons. It was therefore of interest to investigate the relationship between the proportions of the individual surface sites and the lubricating action of these solids. This was done by preparing special graphite and MoS2 powders having a high proportion of basal plane surface and comparing their lubricating properties to those of the powders having a relatively high ratio of edge to basal plane surface area. It was found that the proportion of basal plane surface is an important factor in the lubricating performance of both graphite and MoS2 and that the powders having predominantly basal plane surface have significantly better antiwear properties than the powders having a high ratio of polar to basal plane surface. The basal plane surface in MoS2 plays an exceptionally important rol...

This report describes an investigation into the mechanisms responsible for sludge carry-over during decant from an intermittent aeration tank. Several mechanisms were identified which may cause sludge carry-over. An 'early failure' mode may occur during the transient phase at the start of decant. This failure mode can be avoided by gradually increasing the rate of decant to a final steady value. The time required for flow establishment is in the order of five minutes in tanks of current size. Following the transient phase, failure can occur when interfacial shear stresses between the supernatant and settled sludge exceed some critical value. This failure mode is considered to be a 'scour failure' analogous to the onset of erosion of a cohesive sediment. Experiments conducted in a variety of different types of extended aeration tanks indicated that the critical parameters governing failure are the upstream velocity of supernatant, the settlement time, and the Stirred Sludge Volume Index (SSVI). Figure S.l below, shows the relationship between these three parameters for the range of tested values. Appreciation of the failure mechanisms has indicated certain design improvements which could be made to existing aeration tanks, in particular to the rate of change of weir loading and the design of scum barriers. The significance of tank depth is also discussed.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in deterring the rehospitalization of severely distributed psychiatric outpatients. A total of 102 clients were randomly assigned at intake to either a fulltime, comprehensive rehabilitation program or a part-time supportive treatment program at a separate location. After nine months, only 14 per cent of the subjects in comprehensive treatment had been rehospitalized, compared with 44 per cent of the subjects in supportive treatment. Regardless of treatment method, subjects who had histories of more frequent hospitalization and subjects who encountered higher levels of life-event stress during the follow-up period were more likely to relapse. The authors conclude that the great reduction in hospital days for subjects in the comprehensive treatment more than compensated for the program's higher cost.

Assertive community treatment programs are designed to prevent the rehospitalization or homelessness of long-term mental health consumers and to improve their quality of life through the provision of intensive, "in vivo" help with everyday activities. The role of the assertive community treatment worker begins with the identification and engagement of appropriate consumers; proceeds to the development and implementation of practical intervention plans; includes home visiting, in-the-field skill development, and resource brokering, with an emphasis on concrete problem solving; includes close collaboration with inpatient workers and families; and entails the assumption of ultimate professional responsibility for the consumers' well-being. To prepare students for this role, training programs should strengthen their curricula in the areas of professional attitudes, values, and beliefs; biological, psychological, sociological, and historical foundations; and intervention methods appropriate for long-term consumers.

Describes an investigation into the mechanisms responsible for sludge carry-over during decant from intermittent aeration tanks. Several mechanisms were identified which may cause sludge carry-over. An "early failure" mode may occur during the transient phase at the start of decant. This can be avoided by gradually increasing the rate of decant to a final steady value. The time required for flow establishment is in the order of five minutes in tanks of current size. Following the transient phase, failure can occur when interfacial shear stresses between the supernatant and settled sludge exceed some critical value. This is considered to be a "scour failure" analagous to the onset of erosion of a cohesive sediment. Experiments conducted in a variety of different types of extended aeration tanks indicated that the critical parameters governing failure are the upstream velocity of the supernatant, the settlement time, and the Stirred Sludge Volume Index, SSVI. Appreciation of the failure mechanisms has indicated certain design improvements which could be made to existing aeration tanks, in particular to the rate of changee of weir loading and the design of scum barriers. The significance of tank depth is also discussed., UNSW Water Research Laboratory Report No. 175

This study compared outcomes for demographically matched clients four months after their admission to two short-term crisis programs. The programs provided crisis housing and case management services as alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization for clients with severe and persistent mental illness. One program met housing needs by purchasing shelter in hotels and boarding houses, and the other provided lodging in an eight-bed crisis house. In both programs, two-thirds of the clients avoided hospitalization during four-month follow-up, and both programs were effective in stabilizing clients' housing and financial situations. Clients in the purchase-of-housing program showed an increase in substance abuse problems at follow-up. Average client costs were similar in the two programs. A critical program difference was the substantially higher staff turnover in the crisis house, which was later replaced with scattered-site crisis housing.

ABSTRACT If an offshore flare system is designed without being integrated from the start with that of the overall platform, the resulting system will be less effective than need be in terms of safety, cost, energy efficiency and operability. This paper presents a guide to the most important, factors to be considered in designing offshore flare systems, including safety, process requirements and pollution, noise and radiation from flares. The methods used to calculate flare radiation are reviewed critically. Case studies are cited to illustrate the cost and material benefits which can be achieved if the flare system is considered from the outset as an integral part of the production process equipment. INTRODUCTION In land based oil fields flaring has not been an important part of the process since the flare could, until recently, be sited well away from the plant and its environmental impact minimised. Engineers were often tempted to write the words ‘To the Flare’ on an arrow pointing off the edge of a process flow sheet and then forget them. Quite often this represented the bulk of the initial design information for the flare system and the detailed design was not considered until near the end of the project. The flare system then had to meet the diverse and often conflicting requirements of a multiplicity of gas sources, making design optimisation difficult if not impossible. For offshore fields, particularly in deep water locations, the flare is an important part of the process because economics often prohibit locating it sufficiently far away to have no impact on the platform. It thus needs to be considered in detail at the initial design stage since to some extent the flare system can have a significant influence on the process design and oil production rate. Early consideration makes available a greater number of options and leads to the most efficient and cost effective system. A previous paperl described how the development of new high technology flares has made on-platform flaring viable, and by eliminating the need for a separate flare platform has resulted in enormous cost savings for deep water locations such as the North Sea. The flare is much closer to the operator and previously used design calculation methods involving many implicit assumptions are no longer satisfactory. Under-design will lead to potentially unsafe operation whereas over-design carries enormous cost penalties. This paper presents a guide to the most important factors in designing offshore flare systems and looks critically into one of the most important aspects - accurate prediction of flare radiation. Case studies are presented which highlight the fact that offshore flare design is not a simple matter and that fairly detailed analysis is required to produce the most economic system.

Psychosocial rehabilitation programs are known for their pragmatism and flexibility. They have tackled the problem of recidivism by borrowing techniques from successful programs (regardless of theoretical orientation), relying on trial and error or clinical hunches, and utilizing the findings of internal program evaluations. The proliferation of newer psychosocial technologies and the increased recidivism of the past decade suggest a need to reevaluate existing programs. We need to examine what methods work with particular clients in order to provide a continuum of care for a heterogeneous client population.

Describes an investigation into the mechanisms responsible for sludge carry-over during decant from intermittent aeration tanks. Three possible modes of failure were identified: 1. early carry-over which may occur during the transient phase at the start of decant; 2. a failure selectively to withdraw from the supernatant alone; 3. scour failure of the sludge blanket when the interfacial shear stress exceeds some critical value. This mode of failure is analagous to the onset of erosion in cohesive sediments. A variety of experiments were conducted to develop design criteria to ensure against sludge carry-over. The experiments indicated that modes one and three were the most significant, and that the critical parameter was the velocity of the supernatant as it approached the weir. It is therefore concluded that a maximum upstream velocity is the most appropriate design criterion for a decant mechanism. Appreciation of the failure mechanisms has indicated certain design improvements which might be made to existing aeration tanks, in particular to the rate of change of weir loading, and the design of scum barriers., UNSW Water Research Laboratory Report No. 172