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This study investigated the relative model-data fit of an ideal point item response theory (IRT) model (the generalized graded unfolding model [GGUM]) and dominance IRT models (e.g., the two-parameter logistic model [2PLM] and Samejima's graded response model [GRM]) to simulated dichotomous and polytomous data generated from each of these models. The relative magnitudes of the adjusted "chi[superscript 2]/df" ratios for item pairs and item triples at the test level were used to evaluate fit. Two simulation studies were conducted, one for dichotomous data and the other for polytomous data. Relative fit of the ideal point and dominance models were compared with respect to different conditions: test length, sample size, and sample type. In many simulated conditions, it was found that comparing relative fits (using test-level doubles and triples adjusted "chi[superscript 2]/df" ratios) almost always consistently pointed to the correct IRT model. However, GGUM could fit dichotomous two-parameter logistic (2PL) data well when the scale length was short (i.e., 15 items); nevertheless, an examination of estimated GGUM item parameters clearly shows dominance item characteristics. Results of the simulation studies and implications are discussed. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.)

Compared the fit of several Item Response Theory (IRT) models to two personality assessment instruments using data from 13,059 individuals responding to one instrument and 1,770 individuals responding to the other. Two- and three-parameter logistic models fit some scales reasonably well, but not others, and the graded response model generally did not fit well. The nonparametric formula scoring models provided the best fit of the models considered. (SLD)

The major changes mandated by Australia for its higher education system and the apparent reasons for the changes are outlined, and the strategies adopted for change are critiqued. Changes relate primarily to administrative organization, governance, resource allocation, and accountability. (MSE)

Reorganization of universities, new funding and planning mechanisms, augmented student financial aid programs, and improvement of research are among recent favorable developments in Australian higher education. Unfavorable developments include a retreat from accessibility, decrease in real value of student aid, reductions in capital and recurrent funding, and government regulation. (MSE)

Recent elimination of binary higher education systems in the United Kingdom and Australia have common causes (increased secondary school retention, trend toward government regulation and away from autonomy, academic improvement of polytechnics). However, changes made in the systems are different and will affect educational opportunities, teaching quality, and research differently. (MSE)

Assesses the well-being of populations in 41 countries as it relates to regime ideology, state strength, multinational corporate investment, trade dependency, and position in the world economy. Concludes that models of basic needs provision should include both international economic and internal political factors. Contains 30 references. (SV)