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111. Individual differences in aging minorities

Author

Whitfield, Keith E. and Baker-Thomas Tamara

Subjects
Multiculturalism -- Social aspects, Minority aged -- Social aspects, Health, Seniors
Abstract

To fully understand the differences present between various ethnic and racial groups, there must be an understanding of the heterogeneity that is represented within a given ethnic/racial group. The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of an individual differences approach in studying the ethnic diversity of an aging population. Conceptual, methodological, and design issues are discussed with the goal of better understanding the developmental processes of aging minority elderly populations.

Published
1999

113. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José A., Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe Uk, Hur, Yoon Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José A., Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe Uk, Hur, Yoon Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions.METHODS: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling.RESULTS: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia.CONCLUSIONS: Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeconomic differences in BMI.

Published
2019
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114. IGEMS : The Consortium on Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies - An Update

Author

Pedersen, Nancy L., Gatz, Margaret, Finch, Brian K., Finkel, Deborah, Butler, David A., Dahl Aslan, Anna, Franz, Carol E., Kaprio, Jaakko, Lapham, Susan, McGue, Matt, Mosing, Miriam A., Neiderhiser, Jenae, Nygaard, Marianne, Panizzon, Matthew, Prescott, Carol A., Reynolds, Chandra A., Sachdev, Perminder, Whitfield, Keith E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Gatz, Margaret, Finch, Brian K., Finkel, Deborah, Butler, David A., Dahl Aslan, Anna, Franz, Carol E., Kaprio, Jaakko, Lapham, Susan, McGue, Matt, Mosing, Miriam A., Neiderhiser, Jenae, Nygaard, Marianne, Panizzon, Matthew, Prescott, Carol A., Reynolds, Chandra A., Sachdev, Perminder, and Whitfield, Keith E.

Abstract

The Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) is a consortium of 18 twin studies from 5 different countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, United States, and Australia) established to explore the nature of gene-environment (GE) interplay in functioning across the adult lifespan. Fifteen of the studies are longitudinal, with follow-up as long as 59 years after baseline. The combined data from over 76,000 participants aged 14-103 at intake (including over 10,000 monozygotic and over 17,000 dizygotic twin pairs) support two primary research emphases: (1) investigation of models of GE interplay of early life adversity, and social factors at micro and macro environmental levels and with diverse outcomes, including mortality, physical functioning and psychological functioning; and (2) improved understanding of risk and protective factors for dementia by incorporating unmeasured and measured genetic factors with a wide range of exposures measured in young adulthood, midlife and later life., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Published
2019
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115. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age:A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2019

116. Health and criminal justice system involvement among African American siblings

Author

Beckley, Amber, Palmer, Rohan H., Rocque, Michael, Whitfield, Keith E., Beckley, Amber, Palmer, Rohan H., Rocque, Michael, and Whitfield, Keith E.

Abstract

Importance : Health disparities between African Americans and Whites have persisted in the United States. Researchers have recently hypothesized that the relatively poor health of African Americans may be caused, in part, by African American overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that criminal justice system involvement is associated with poor health and greater health risk when controlling for unobserved family factors through a discordant sibling design. Methods: Subjects were drawn from the Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA). Criminal conviction records were extracted from North Carolina’s Department of Public Safety. Six measures of health and one measure of health risk were analyzed. The health of convicted respondents was compared to that of unrelated non-convicted respondents matched on childhood and demographic factors (“matched sample”). Convicted respondents were also compared to non-convicted siblings (“discordant sibling sample”). Results: The matched sample included 134 CAATSA respondents. On average, convicted CAATSA respondents, compared to matched non-convicted respondents, were in worse health. Convicted respondents had worse mean self-reported health, worse lung function, more depressive symptoms, and smoked more. The discordant sibling sample included 74 respondents. Convicted siblings and non-convicted siblings had similar self-reported health, depressive symptoms, and smoking. In general, non-convicted siblings were in worse health than non-convicted respondents from the matched sample, implying that poor health runs in families. Conclusions: This study provided preliminary evidence that some of the association between a criminal record and poor health is confounded by family factors. Though more research is needed to support these results, the study suggests that criminal involvement may not be associated with the surfeit of health problems observed among African Americans. The, The CAATSA was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, United States (1R01-AG13662-01A2) to Dr. Whitfield. Dr. Beckley is supported by grant 2015-01189 from the Forte Marie Curie International Postdoc Fellowship Programme, Sweden (Seventh Framework Programme).

Published
2019
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118. Basketball free-throw performance: practice implications

Author

Kozar, Bill, Vaughn, Ross E., Lord, Russell H., and Whitfield, Keith E.

Subjects
Basketball -- Research, Athletic ability -- Research, Basketball players -- Training
Abstract

The free-throw practice technique of shooting free-throws in groupings of at least five shots may not be an effective way of improving free-throw performance in game situations. Results of a study comparing the free-throw performance of a college basketball team in practice and in actual games reveal that practice free-throw percentage is much better than game free-throw percentage. However, free-throw performance for the first two shots during practice and game performance did not vary significantly., According to many coaches, free-throw success is often the deciding factor in winning or losing a game (Palladino, 1980; Pim, 1986; Schuetzle, 1988; Schulze, 1981). Jenkins (1977) reported that in [...]

Published
1995

119. Effect of visual complexity in identification of tachistoscopic images

Author

Geheb, Robert and Whitfield, Keith E.

Subjects
Visual perception -- Demographic aspects, Cerebral dominance -- Demographic aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The present study of gender differences in hemispheric processing involved identification of tachistoscopically presented images of varying complexity. A computerized tachistoscopic program was administered to 24 men and 34 women. Time to identify contour and detailed pictures presented to the left or right cerebral hemisphere was recorded. Mean reaction time for contour pictures was significantly faster than for detailed pictures, and mean reaction time to the right hemisphere was significantly faster than that to the left hemisphere. The mean reaction time for men to identify pictures exposed to the left hemisphere was significantly slower than that for exposure to the right hemisphere for women. The mean reaction time for both men and women to identify contour pictures exposed to the right hemisphere was significantly faster than the mean time to identify detailed pictures presented to the left hemisphere. The interaction of gender, hemisphere, and complexity was also significant in that mean reaction times for men to identify detailed pictures presented to the left hemisphere were slower than the times for women to identify contour pictures presented to the right hemisphere. The results are discussed in relation to theories about hemispheres, gender, and differences in picture features.

Published
1994

120. Importance of free-throws at various stages of basketball games

Author

Kozar, Bill, Vaughn, Ross E., Lord, Russel H., Whitfield, Keith E., and Dye, Bobby

Subjects
Basketball -- Analysis, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Basketball coaches often refer to their teams' success or failure as a product of their players' performances at the free-throw line. In the present study, play-by-play records of 490 NCAA Division I men's basketball games were analyzed to assess the percentage of points scored from free-throws at various stages of the games. About 20% of all points were scored from free-throws. Free-throws comprised a significantly higher percentage of total points scored during the last 5 minutes than the first 35 minutes of the game for both winning and losing teams. Also, in the last 5 minutes of 246 games decided by 9 points or less and 244 decided by 10 points or more, winners scored a significantly higher percentage of points from free-throws than did losers. Suggestions for structuring practice conditions are discussed.

Published
1994

121. Timeouts before free-throws: do the statistics support the strategy?

Author

Kozar, Bill, Whitfield, Keith E., Lord, Russell H., and Mechikoff, Robert A.

Subjects
Basketball -- Defense, Basketball coaching -- Methods, Anxiety -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Basketball coaches often call a timeout just before the opposing player shoots a free-throw during the last five minutes of a close game. Their intent is to lower the opposing player's free-throw percentage. This study examined the effectiveness of this strategy in critical game situations. Play-by-play records of 1237 men's NCAA Division I games played between 1977 and 1989 were reviewed. We identified 350 verifiable timeout situations. Opposing coaches called 250 timeouts before an opponent shot a free-throw. As the score differential and time remaining in the game decreased, coaches relied on this strategy more frequently to try to control the outcome of the game. This strategy was not effective in reducing free-throw percentage, suggesting that coaches need to reconsider the strategy.

Published
1993

123. IGEMS: The Consortium on Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies — An Update

Author

Pedersen, Nancy L., primary, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Finch, Brian K., additional, Finkel, Deborah, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna, additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Lapham, Susan, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Mosing, Miriam A., additional, Neiderhiser, Jenae, additional, Nygaard, Marianne, additional, Panizzon, Matthew, additional, Prescott, Carol A., additional, Reynolds, Chandra A., additional, Sachdev, Perminder, additional, and Whitfield, Keith E., additional

Published
2019
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126. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Sugawara, Masumi, additional, Tanaka, Mami, additional, Matsumoto, Satoko, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Piirtola, Maarit, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José A., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Knafo‐Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker‐Drob, Elliot M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Jeong, Hoe‐Uk, additional, Hur, Yoon‐Mi, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2019
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130. Associations Between Birth Size and Later Height From Infancy Through Adulthood: an Individual Based Pooled Analysis of 28 Twin Cohorts Participating in the Codatwins Project

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvisth, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberly J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten, Nielsen, Henning Beck, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveld, Catharina E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkila, Kauko, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvisth, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberly J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten, Nielsen, Henning Beck, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveld, Catharina E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkila, Kauko, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

Published
2018

131. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individualbased pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Bogl, Leonie H, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire MA, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Bogl, Leonie H, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, and Haworth, Claire MA

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95%Cl 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95%CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95%Cl -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

132. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: A pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods: Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results: The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions: The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.

Published
2018
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133. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mir, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberley J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Craig, Jeffrey, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mir, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberley J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, and Craig, Jeffrey

Published
2018

134. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrick K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng Ning, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Craig, Jeffrey M., Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrick K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng Ning, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, and Craig, Jeffrey M.

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI −8 to −18 and −0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI −0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

135. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood:An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Alexandra Burt, S, Klump, Kelly L, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E M, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkilä, Kauko, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Alexandra Burt, S, Klump, Kelly L, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E M, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkilä, Kauko, and Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment.AIM: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors.METHODS: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses.RESULTS: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length.CONCLUSION: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

Published
2018

136. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation:a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

137. Association between birth weight and educational attainment:an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background There is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins. Methods The data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses. Results In between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915-1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960-1984 birth cohort. Conclusion Although associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.

Published
2018

138. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins:An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

139. Greater Disease Burden, Greater Risk? Exploring Cognitive Change and Health Status Among Older Blacks.

Author

Byrd, DeAnnah R., Thorpe Jr., Roland J., and Whitfield, Keith E.

Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging, BLACK people, COGNITION, INTERVIEWING, LONGITUDINAL method, RESPIRATORY measurements, HEALTH equity, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Objective: The objective of study is to examine the relationships between health status and changes in cognition over time among middle to older aged Blacks. Method: Data come from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. At baseline, 602 Black participants, ranging from ages 48 to 95 years, were enrolled. At follow-up, approximately 3 years later, 450 participants were re-interviewed. Results: After accounting for baseline cognition, age, sex, and education, a greater number of health conditions was associated with slower perceptual speed (b = −5.099, p =.022). Average peak expiratory flow was also associated with improvements in working memory (b = 0.029, p =.019) and perceptual speed (b = 0.026, p =.026), controlling for model covariates. Discussion: Study findings demonstrate that greater disease burden is associated with declines in specific fluid cognitive abilities in middle to later life among Blacks. This finding highlights the importance of reducing health disparities that disproportionately affect Blacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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142. A Framework of Minority Stress: From Physiological Manifestations to Cognitive Outcomes.

Author

Forrester, Sarah N, Gallo, Joseph J, Whitfield, Keith E, and Thorpe, Roland J

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of dementia, AGING, COGNITION disorders, CONCEPTUAL structures, DISCRIMINATION (Sociology), HEALTH education, MATHEMATICAL models, MINORITIES, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, PSYCHOLOGY of Black people, SOCIOECONOMIC factors
Abstract

Cognitive impairment and dementia continue to threaten the aging population. Although no one is immune, certain groups, namely black older persons, are more likely to have a diagnosis of certain dementias. Because researchers have not found a purely biological reason for this disparity, they have turned to a biopsychosocial model. Specifically, black persons in the United States are more likely to live with social conditions that affect their stress levels which in turn affect physiological regulation leading to conditions that result in higher levels of cognitive impairment or dementia. Here we discuss some of these social conditions such as discrimination, education, and socioeconomic status, and how physiological dysregulation, namely allostatic load that can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia in black persons especially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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144. Association between birth weight and educational attainment: an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Mikkonen, Janne, additional, Martikainen, Pekka, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth J F, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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145. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth J F, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H, additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M, additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Haworth, Claire M A, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Rose, Richard J, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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146. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Alexandra Burt, S., additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E.M., additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Haworth, Claire M.A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Loos, Ruth J.F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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147. Risk Factor Burden, Heart Failure, and Survival in Women of Different Ethnic Groups

Author

Breathett, Khadijah, primary, Leng, Iris, additional, Foraker, Randi E., additional, Abraham, William T., additional, Coker, Laura, additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Shumaker, Sally, additional, Manson, JoAnn E., additional, Eaton, Charles B., additional, Howard, Barbara V., additional, Ijioma, Nkechinyere, additional, Cené, Crystal W., additional, Martin, Lisa W., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Klein, Liviu, additional, Rossouw, Jacques, additional, Ludlam, Shari, additional, Burwen, Dale, additional, McGowan, Joan, additional, Ford, Leslie, additional, Geller, Nancy, additional, Anderson, Garnet, additional, Prentice, Ross, additional, LaCroix, Andrea, additional, Kooperberg, Charles, additional, Stefanick, Marcia L., additional, Jackson, Rebecca, additional, Thomson, Cynthia A., additional, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, additional, Limacher, Marian, additional, Wallace, Robert, additional, and Kuller, Lewis, additional

Published
2018
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148. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, additional, Bogl, Leonie H., additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Haworth, Claire MA, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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