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The aim of this article is to present the role of geographic factors (elements of the natural, social and geopolitical environment) in shaping the broadly construed sacral landscape, with particular emphasis on its impact on the development of religious tourism space. The individual determinant of the development of the sacral landscape of the region is its individual and symbolic perception of sacrum but its final form and spatial and materialistic organization are influenced by numerous factors of non-religious nature (profanum). Geological considerations, relief, vegetation, and even climatic and weather phenomena largely determine the image of the cultural landscape and delimit its extent. The role of individual features is very difficult to estimate. The sacral landscape, or its materialistic form of a religious landscape, enjoys a great interest in tourism activity, not only in the context of pilgrimage and religious tourism, but also as widely understood cultural tourism. In such context of construal of the cultural landscape development, the selection of Western Pomerania region (NW Poland) seems justified, as an example of the specific area that links sacrum and profanum. This region, with its rich and complicated history, has repeatedly experienced diametric changes of a spatial, social, cultural and religious nature. Due to the geographical location and the relief formed during the last glaciation, also a characteristic natural landscape has developed here, which significantly influenced the specificity of the Pomeranian community., Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, Vol 9, No 8 (2018): Sacred Landscape: An Invaluable Resource between Knowledge and Sustainable Local Tourism Development

The study discusses issues concerning the historical boundaries of Kashubia and the relations of their inhabitants with the Catholic church. The author attempted to determine whether the confession had an impact on the preservation of Polishness in this specific area. For Kashubians are a region of Poland in which the Kashubian and Polish traditions (including religious ones) are cultivated as equivalent. Based on historical and linguistic studies as well as selected literary texts, it can be assumed that the Kashubian people, thanks to belonging to the Catholic church, did not get Germanized, as was the case in the Pomeranian region, dominated in the nineteenth century by Protestantism. W studium zostały omówione zagadnienia dotyczące granic historycznych Kaszub i związków ich mieszkańców z Kościołem katolickim. Autorka podjęła próbę ustalenia, czy konfesja miała wpływ na utrzymanie polskości na tym specyficznym terenie. Kaszuby są bowiem regionem Polski, w którym tradycje kaszubskie i polskie (w tym również religijne) kultywuje się jako równoważne. Opierając się na opracowaniach historycznych i językoznawczych oraz wybranych tekstach literackich, można założyć, że naród kaszubski dzięki przynależności do Kościoła katolickiego nie uległ germanizacji, jak to miało miejsce na ziemi pomorskiej, zdominowanej w XIX w. przez protestantyzm.

Changes in the vegetation of "Wrzosiec" mire in 1991-2009 (Western Pomerania) Changes in the vegetation of a mire developing in forest lake hinterland in 1991-2009 are analysed and documented three times by phytosociological method. Within peat bog "islands", situated in the southern part of the lake, the most visible change is the development of a sparse pine-stand and thick shrubs of Salix species, Frangula alnus as well as increase in the participation of Molinia caerulea and some species of Scheuzerio-Caricetea class (Calamagrostis neglecta, Carex lasiocarpa and Sphagnum fallax). Vegetation of the lag zone shows fluctuating changes in the composition of plant communities depending on the water level that periodically changes. In the north-eastern part of the lake, a consistent slow process of terrestrialization was recognised.

Damp beech forests on calcareous tufas in the Parsęta River basin (Western Pomerania) Damp beech forests in the Parsęta River basin (Western Pomerania) constitute a rare and unique type of beechwood community in post-glacial landscape of the Pomerania region. They grow on calcareous soil of pararendzina type formed from calcareous tufas and are characterized by the presence of two orchids Cephalanthera rubra and Neottia nidus-avis accompanied by many rare and endangered plant species occurring in habitats rich in calcium.

The aim of the studies in the Perznica River catchment were relief changes caused by the development of transportation infrastructure. This type of transformation is dependable on the state of economy and the settlements. The development of transportation network in the last two hundred years was examined through the analysis of archival cartographic materials – maps from the years 1789, 1855, 1877, 1935 – and the comparison with the situation from mid 1980s. The Perznica River catchment has an area of 249 km2 and it is located in north-western Poland in the central part of the Drawskie Lakeland macroregion, which belongs to the West Pomeranian Lakeland. The heterogeneous Perznica River catchment relief has a denivelation of 159 m and is within 60 and 219 m a.s.l. The study area is within the Parsęta River lobe. A number of subzones, whose morphological diversity and diversity of sediments lithofacies is mainly a reflection of areal deglaciation of the continental ice-sheet marginal zone, has been distinguished and these are: • subzone of the internal kame moraine – the undulated moraine upland, diversified by kame forms and kettle holes, • subzone of ice-free space forms – the uplands of kame plateaux, • subzone of melt-out lake basins – Lake Wielatowo basin with a characteristic collar ridge, • morphological levels of the northern Pomeranian sloping surface – mainly flat moraine uplands and small outwashes. The economic development of the Perznica River catchment advanced in close connection with the physical and geographical context, mainly with the relief, soils and hydrological conditions. As a result, the flat moraine uplands and marginal outflow plains, which were easiest to cultivate, have been developed and populated faster than any other. Since the early medieval period, large, compact villages, often centered around big estates, were emerging in those areas. In areas with a high relief energy–kame-melt moraines, ice-free space forms and ridges around melt-out lake basins–farming entered on a larger scale from the eighteenth century. Scattered settlements in those areas forced the creation of a dense access road network to farms and fields. In the case of anthropogenic forms of transportation with denivelation exceeding 1 m in the study area, road excavations are present for 37.3 km, road undercuttings for 43.8 km and road embankments for 38.7 km in total length. That gives a high ratio of density of such forms, equal to 2.1 km per km–2.

Evaluating the Parsęta Basin Communes' Tourist Space Using the Selected Quantification Methods Identifying differences in the factors determining tourism development in an area is crucial to utilising its natural, economic and socio-cultural resources that enable sustainable development of the tourist function. This article sets out to present and estimate factors underlying tourism development in the context of various quantification methods and the comparisons of their results. The phenomenon selected for the research is evaluated using tools such as a synthetic measure Gołembski (2002) (based on weights assigned to particular features) and two synthetic measures Perkal (z-scores) (1953) and Zioło (1985).

Niniejsze badanie koncentruje się na księgach powstałych w wyniku działalności organizacji cechowych na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Jest to specyficzny rodzaj zabytków, w których odzwierciedla się życie zarówno zawodowe, jak i społeczne oraz towarzyskie korporacji. Pisane były niejednokrotnie przez kolejne pokolenia, obejmują nawet kilka stuleci, przez co stanowią cenne źródło historyczne. Księgi dzieliły się na urzędowe, obejmujące całokształt działalności (Amtsbuch), oraz wyspecjalizowane – księgi protokołów (Protokollbuch), księgi mistrzów, czeladników i uczniów (Meister-, Gesellen- i Lehrjungenbuch), księgi rachunkowe (Rechnungsbuch) i księgi normatywne. Tekst ukazuje znaczną różnorodność kwestii poruszanych w poszczególnych rodzajach ksiąg, a także ich formę zewnętrzną. Podstawę do badań stanowią obiekty przechowywane w Archiwum Państwowym w Szczecinie. Daleko posunięte podobieństwo w funkcjonowaniu cechów poza granicami Pomorza pozwala na przeniesienie wniosków również na inne organizacje cechowe. The article presents the results of an investigation focused on books created throughout the operation of various professional guilds and associations in Western Pomerania. It is a particular kind of a document in which the professional life of a guild (corporation) as well as social life are reflected. On more than one occasion the books were written throughout many successive generations encompassing a time frame of even several centuries, and, therefore, they constitute an extraordinary and valuable historical source of information. The books under scrutiny were divided into the following categories: office books covering the entire activity of a guild (Amtsbuch), and specialized books – books of records (Protokollbuch), books ran by masters, journeymen and apprentices (Meister-, Gesellen- and Lehrjungenbuch), account books (Rechnungsbuch) and, on few occasions, normative books. The article presents a substantial diversity of the issues addressed in individual types of the books and discusses their format. The source material for the study are the items held in the State Archive in Szczecin. A far reaching similarity in the functioning of the guilds, also those from outside Pomerania, allows us to apply the results of the study to other guild associations as well.

The cupolas of the spring-fed fens at Bobolice and Ogartowo (West Pomerania, Northern Poland) are composed of alternating peat and calcareous tufa layers. The geology of those two fens, together with the geochemistry of their deposits and radiocarbon dating results, made it possible: (1) to determine the source of water and mineral matter, and (2) to reconstruct the main stages in their development. The distinguished five main stages of development of the fens (four at Ogartowo) reflected varying depositional environments resulting, among other things, from the proportion of groundwater supply and its physico-chemical properties. On the basis of principal components analysis, the sources supplying elements of the peat-tufa rhythmite were found to be chemical denudation and sedentation of peat deposits, while mechanical denudation and atmospheric supply were considerably less important. The geochemistry of deposits was also influenced by local conditions of the geochemical environment, such as its pH, redox potential, CO2 content in water, and the occurrence of organic matter. Les dômes formés par les tourbières de source de Bobolice et d'Ogartowo (Ouest de la Poméranie, Pologne du nord), sont composés de niveaux alternés de tourbes et de tuf calcaires. L'étude géologique de deux d'entre elles, à laquelle s'ajoute une analyse géochimique des sédiments et des datations radiocarbone, a permis d'identifier (1) les sources de l'approvisionnement en eau et en matière minérale, (2) les phases principales du développement des tourbières. On a identifié cinq phases principales de développement (quatre à Ogartowo) qui reflètent différents milieux de sédimentation résultant, entre autres, de l'importance des apports en eaux souterraines et de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Sur la base d'une analyse factorielle (ACP), l'étude montre que les sources d'approvisionnement des séquences tourbe/tuf résultent de processus d'altération chimique et du dépôt des sédiments tourbeux, et, dans une moindre mesure, de la dénudation mécanique et des apports atmosphériques. La géochimie des sédiments dépend également de l'influence des conditions locales de l'environnement chimique, comme le pH, le potentiel d'oxydo-réduction, le contenu de l'eau en CO2 et la présence de matière organique.