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Character strength-based interventions are an effective positive psychology approach in increasing happiness and reducing depression. However, little is known about whether the character strength-based interventions remain effective over an extended time period of 1 year, and why these activities (e.g., Identifying signature strengths and Using signature strengths in a new way) work. To address these issues, a 1-year randomized controlled intervention was conducted to examine the serial mediating role of strengths knowledge and strengths use. A hundred first-year students were randomly assigned into the intervention and the waiting-list control groups. The intervention group participated in four activities within a 90-min course and was encouraged to continue self-practice of the strengths-related activities after the intervention period. Immediate, short-term (i.e., 1 week), and long-term (i.e., 1 year) effectiveness were examined. Participants in the intervention group showed significant increase in thriving and decrease in negative emotional symptoms in the short term, but no effect was found for the control group. The long-term effects of thriving and negative emotional symptoms were insignificant for two experimental groups. Strengths use partially mediated the effectiveness of the intervention, but strengths knowledge did not significantly predict the outcomes. In conclusion, the character strength-based intervention can be an effective approach to improve the mental health of the first-year students. More attention should be paid to strengths use when practitioners design a character strength-based intervention.

Studies that focus on the development of the typology of individual strength profiles are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine strength profiles with different health outcomes based on the Three-Dimensional Inventory of Character Strengths (TICS). The TICS was used to measure three-dimensional strengths: caring, inquisitiveness, and self-control. A total of 3536 community participants (1322 males and 2214 females with ages ranging from 17 to 50, M = 23.96, SD = 5.13) completed the TICS. A subsample (n = 853; female = 68.2%, male = 31.8%) was further required to complete the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Flourishing Scale. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted in the total sample to identify the latent strength profiles. Then, a three-step method was implemented to compare the mental health outcomes between strength profiles in the subsample. The LPA helped determine two subgroups based on the entire sample: the at-strengths group (high scores on all dimensions) and the at-risk group (low scores on all dimensions). As expected, the at-strengths group had less significant negative emotional symptoms (at-strengths group = 0.57, at-risk group = 0.83, χ2 = 33.54, p

Perceived discrimination and weight stigma concerns are believed to induce negative emotional symptoms. In this article, we tested the mediation effect of perceived discrimination and weight stigma concerns on the association between dispositional mindfulness and negative emotional symptoms. A total of 254 recruited obesity participants who provided their height and weight and completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were investigated along with their stigma-related variables (perceived discrimination and weight stigma concerns). The results indicated a negative association between dispositional mindfulness and perceived discrimination and between weight stigma concerns and negative emotional symptoms. Perceived discrimination, weight stigma concerns, and negative emotional symptoms were also positively correlated. The mediation analysis showed that perceived discrimination mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and negative emotional symptoms rather than weight stigma concerns, which mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and negative emotional symptoms. Mindfulness may benefit negative emotional symptoms of obese individuals by reducing the effect of perceived discrimination, which further reduces weight stigma concerns. The results shed light on mindfulness-based weight stigma reduction interventions.

The most important interfering torque of a three-axis air-bearing simulator is the displacement of the center of mass in the gravity field caused by structural elasticity. In order to characterize the torque, a mathematical model of the interference moment was established. Based on the model, it is suggested that the vertical stiffness and horizontal stiffness of the structure should be equal as far as possible during the structural design, and the elastic unbalance moment can be compensated by the vertical offset of the center of mass of the air floating platform relative to the rotation center after the initial attitude leveling. ABAQUS was used to build a simulation model of the air floating platform, and the changes of the structure’s centroid before and after the gravitational field was applied were extracted by software to simulate the centroid deviation caused by the elastic deformation of the structure, which was used as the characterization to conduct discrete optimization of the structure. The optimal structural parameters were obtained. Then the disturbance torque curve and the corresponding initial centroid offset after initial centroid compensation were calculated by mathematical model. The results are of positive guiding significance to the design of three-axis air-bearing simulator.

Our study examines the transformation of environmental knowledge into pro-environmental behavior using national survey data under the framework of social cognitive theory. A total of 11,438 respondents (male = 5756, mean age = 48.60 years, SD = 16.39) participated in the Chinese General Social Survey. Analysis included descriptive and correlation analysis, hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling. Our findings suggest that dwelling environmental knowledge is a stronger predictor of private pro-environmental behavior than professional environmental knowledge, while professional environmental knowledge is the only contributor to public pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, only dwelling environmental pollution perception shows additional variances in explaining private pro-environmental behavior, while both dwelling and natural environmental pollution perceptions have significant and additional effects on public pro-environmental behavior. Integrating these variables into a single comprehensive model via structural equation modeling reveals that dwelling environmental pollution mediates the relationship between dwelling environmental knowledge and the two types of environmental behavior (i.e., private pro-environmental behavior and public pro-environmental behavior) and that professional environmental knowledge only shows a direct effect on public pro-environmental behavior.

This study used exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the Chinese version of Stress Overload Scale-Short, which included personal vulnerability and event load. The participants included 629 community residents and 495 university students. The results indicated a better goodness-of-fit using exploratory structural equation modeling compared with confirmatory factor analysis. The Stress Overload Scale-Short performed well in distinguishing individuals with more negative emotion symptoms from the general population. A moderation analysis demonstrated that social support moderates the effect of personal vulnerability on negative emotion symptoms. These results facilitated the application of Stress Overload Scale-Short in the current population.

Although stress emerges when environmental demands exceed personal resources, existing measurement methods for stress focus only on one aspect. The newly-developed Short Stress Overload Scale (SOS-S) assesses the extent of stress by assessing both event load (i.e., environmental demands) and personal vulnerability (i.e., personal resources). The present study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-SC), and further examine its roles in screening mental health status. A total of 1364 participants were recruited from communities and colleges for scale validation. Reliabilities were good throughout the subsamples (ω > 0.80). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the acceptable goodness-of-fit for the two-factor correlated model (Sample 1: 560 community residents). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis confirmed measurement invariance across community residents (Sample 1) and college students (Sample 2 and Sample 3). Criterion validity and convergent validity were established (Sample 2: 554 college students). Latent moderated structural equations demonstrated that the relationship between SOS-SC and depression is moderated by social support (Sample 2), further validating the SOS-SC. In addition, the SOS-SC effectively screened individuals in a population at different levels of mental health status (i.e., “at risk” vs. “at low risk” for depression symptoms and/or wellbeing). The SOS-SC exhibits acceptable psychometric properties in the Chinese context. That said, the two aspects of stress can be differentiated by the Chinese context, therefore, the SOS-SC can be used to measure stress and screen mental health status among the Chinese population, and monitor and evaluate health-promoting interventions.

Culture significantly influences human cognition and behavior, which has become a major obstacle in cross-cultural studies. Comparing traditional sampling studies (i.e., small data research) with the novelty of millions of samples studies (i.e., big data research), we suggest that the results of the finely controlled, precisely sampled, and accurately analyzed theory-driven small-data research can be replicated by big data studies. This conclusion has been illustrated by recent studies on structures of character strengths that were conducted in both western and eastern countries. Therefore, big data studies that take into account both emic and etic components will be an important approach to conduct cross-cultural research. It facilitates the construction of theories and measures with cross-cultural consistency. Nevertheless, it should be noted that “small data” and “big data” studies are complementary and should not be treated as substitutes for one another.

This study examined the psychometric properties of Strengths Knowledge Scale (SKS) and Strengths Use Scale (SUS) in a sample of 442 adolescents by the exploratory structural equation modeling. Correlations between strength use/strength knowledge and flourish, positive affect, negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, and GPA were examined to illustrate criterion-related validities. Results showed good internal consistency reliability, expected structure factor, and convergent validity of the SKS and the SUS in the current sample.

Mindfulness and character strengths significantly contribute to psychological wellbeing in various contexts. Empirical studies further imply that mindfulness-based interventions can cultivate a wide range of strengths, which in turn facilitate the wellbeing of individuals. However, no study has examined this hypothesis. The current study underpins this argument with empirical pieces of evidence from cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) data by investigating the relationship between character strengths, mindfulness, and psychological wellbeing among community (n = 375) and undergraduate populations (n = 229). Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Brief Strengths Scale, and Flourishing Scale were administrated. As hypothesized, the results of the cross-sectional investigation confirm that mindfulness and character strengths are conceptually related constructs with significant contributions to psychological wellbeing. Temperance Strength and Interpersonal Strength further mediate the relationship between Observing facet of mindfulness and Flourishing. Furthermore, investigating the relationship among mindfulness, strengths, and psychological wellbeing using Longitudinal Mediation Modeling reveals a clear picture. After the baseline of the outcomes is controlled, the 6-month longitudinal study indicates that the past level of Observing facet of mindfulness can predict the present level of Temperance Strength, which in turn predicts future Flourishing. These results highlight the importance of Observing facet in mindfulness and Temperance Strength, which provide another possible explanation on how and why mindfulness can affect psychological wellbeing among general populations. Future Strength-based Mindfulness Intervention Programs can be developed based on these findings.

Given the unique properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) including adjustable porosity, high surface area, and easy modification, they have attracted great attention as excellent solid supports for the incorporation of biomolecules. The formed biomolecules–MOFs composites show promising prospects in various fields such as biocatalysis, drug delivery, and biosensing. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of biomolecules-incorporation using MOFs. Moreover, the relationship between properties of MOFs and biomolecules-incorporation is also discussed and highlighted. We hope this work will inspire the innovation in this emerging field for highly efficient synthesis of biomolecules–MOFs composites with various properties and advanced applications.

peer-reviewed Fabrication of hybrid membranes composed of porous materials embedded in polymer matrices is a subject of topical interest. Herein, we introduce a new class of hybrid membranes: hypercrosslinked metal-organic polyhedra (HCMOPs). These membranes are based upon soluble MOPs that can serve as high-connectivity nodes in hypercrosslinked polymer networks. HCMOPs spontaneously form macro-scale, defect-free, freestanding membranes and, thanks to the covalent cross-linking of MOPs, the resulting membranes possess multiple functionalities: strong water permeability; self-healing ability; antimicrobial activity; better separation and mechanical performance than pristine polyimine membranes. This study introduces a new concept for the design and fabrication of multi-functional membranes and also broadens the applications of MOPs

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and mental health through the mediation of individual strengths. A total of 790 community and student participants from 11 communities and four universities joined in this study. The participants completed the Five-facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Brief Strengths Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory-18, and Flourishing Scale. Results indicated that individual strengths mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological well-being, as well as psychological distress. Therefore, mindfulness training can be expected to help participants be aware of and enhance their strengths. The training can also further improve mental health by increasing well-being and decreasing symptoms.

Objectives: The Flourishing Scale (FS) was developed to measure psychological well-being from the eudaimonic perspective, highlighting the flourishing of human functioning. This article evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the simplified Chinese version of FS among a Chinese community population. Method: A total of 433 participants from 17 different communities in southwest China completed a questionnaire package that included FS, Chinese Virtues Questionnaire, and Brief Symptom Inventory-18. Results: The results demonstrated excellent internal consistency, solid one-factor structure, strong convergent and discriminant validity, and incremental validity. Flourishing was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between total virtue and psychological distress. Conclusions: FS was proved to be appropriate for use in assessing psychological well-being among a Chinese community population, which may be recognized as a promising tool to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for evidence-based social work practice.

The Flourishing Scale (FS) is a brief eight-item inventory used to measure psychological well-being. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the FS in a sample of 766 Chinese adolescents. The paper-and-pencil method was adopted. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the FS items. Expanded Satisfaction With Life Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to examine the criterion-related and incremental validities. Results showed good internal consistency reliability, one-factor structure, strong convergent validity, and incremental validity of the FS in the current sample. We can conclude that the FS is suitable for use in the Chinese adolescent context.

Strengths are positive qualities that significantly contributed to well-being of individuals and community. Therefore, a reliable and valid measure of strengths for research and practice is needed. The Brief Strengths Scale (BSS) is a newly developed tool for measuring the three-dimensional strengths model (i.e., temperance, intellectual, and interpersonal strength). However, empirical support for the measurement invariance of the BSS has not been obtained. This study examined the three-factor structure of BSS across gender, age, education, and marriage groups in a community sample (n = 375) using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. After removing one item of each subscale from the original version, the revised model provided a good fit to the data at different subgroups. The revised nine-item BSS indicated that measurement invariance across gender and age groups was achieved. In addition, the measurement was more influenced by social-cultural factors than biological factors.

The Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) was designed to measure a comprehensive construct of wellbeing beyond the traditional hedonia-versus-eudaimonia framework, highlighting the holism of human flourishing and functioning. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the BIT in China. A total of 705 community participants and 251 college students completed the BIT, while the student sample also completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Flourishing Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results demonstrated good internal consistency, strong and solid single-factor structure, and good convergent and discriminant validities. Furthermore, the screening role of BIT in mental health status and the incremental validity beyond other wellbeing measures were determined.

This study used a two-wave longitudinal research design to explore the role of individual strengths, including interpersonal strength, intellectual strength, and temperance strength, in affecting the mental health of stressed college students. A total of 404 stressed Chinese college students were screened to participate in this 12-month longitudinal study. At the beginning of the study (Time 1), students who had not experienced stressful events within the last 12 months were invited to assess their strengths, psychological well-being, and psychological symptoms. After 12 months (Time 2), 404 students who reported stressful experiences completed the scales again and were retained for the final analyses. Academics-related stressors were the most endorsed life events among college students, whose states of mental health showed downward trends from Time 1 to Time 2. Three strengths had weak to modest correlations to mental health at both Time 1 and Time 2. Although the additional variances of mental health explained by the three strengths were very modest, the mediational roles of the strengths were identified. The perceived stress completely mediated the relationship between the strengths and the psychological symptoms and partly mediated the relationship between the strengths and psychological well-being. Individual strengths may function as a defense against perceived stress and are protective factors of mental health. These strengths maintain mental health by enhancing the psychological well-being and reducing the psychological symptoms of individuals.

Rationale COVID-19 is likely to be stigmatized. The people of Hubei province perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma due to the geographic linkage to COVID-19. Perceived courtesy stigma refers to the perception of stigma of people who are associated with COVID-19 (e.g., the geographic linkage). Affiliate stigma is the internalization and psychological responses of perceived courtesy stigma among the associates. Objective The current study aims to reveal different patterns of perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma among people who are at high risk of contagion of COVID-19, and to examine the possible risk factors. Method A sample including 2813 adults who located in Hubei Province, China (female: n = 2,184, 77.64%; male: n = 629, 22.36%; mean age = 37.85 years, SD = 6.61 years, range = 18–63 years) were employed in the current study, using latent profile analysis for searching stigma profiles. Results Three profiles of stigma were found: the “Denier” (35.98%), “Confused moderate” (48.13%) and “Perceiver” (15.89%) displaying the low, moderate and high level of perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that generally people with a high level of education, perceived threats, anxiety symptoms, and familiarity with quarantined cases have a high likelihood to be distributed into the “Perceiver”. Discussion and Conclusions Our findings highlight the issues of COVID-19-related stigma and provide evidence for launching effective health actions to promote a cohesive society and culture of health. The media can transmit scientific knowledge, promote positive interactions and social cohesion between the stigmatized group and the dominant group, and create spaces for stories that nurture group identification among the implicated people. Future studies should use more representative sample and improve the measures., Highlights • People at high risk of contagion of COVID-19 may experience stigma. • Stigma may concern perceived courtesy and/or affiliate stigma. • Three distinct profiles of stigma were identified. • Risk factors were measured at the interface of individuals and the community.

IntroductionStudies on various types of digital-technology-based psychotherapies (DTPs) have indicated that they are effective for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom relief among adults. The intervention efficacy or effectiveness hierarchy, however, is still not clear. Therefore, we propose to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the relative effectiveness of various types of DTPs. We aim to establish the differential effectiveness of these therapies in terms of symptom reduction and provide high-quality evidence for treating PTSD.Methods and analysesWe will search Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, clinical trials (eg, ClinicalTrials.gov) and other academic platforms for relevant studies, mainly in English and Chinese (as we plan to conduct a trial on PTSD patients in Wuhan, China, based on the results of this network meta-analysis), from inception to October 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of any DTPs for PTSD patients for any controlled condition will be included. The number of intervention sessions and the research duration are unlimited; the effects for different durations will be tested via sensitivity analysis. For this project, the primary measure of outcome will be PTSD symptoms at the end of treatment using raw scores for one widely used PTSD scale, PCL-5. Secondary outcome measures will include (1) dropout rate; (2) effectiveness at longest follow-up, but not more than 12 months and (3) patients’ functional recovery ratio (such as the return-to-work ratio or percentage of sick leave). Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted for all relative outcome measures. We will perform subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to see whether the results are influenced by study characteristics. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development, and Evaluation framework will be adopted to evaluate the quality of evidence contributing to network estimates of the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe researchers of the primary trials already have had ethical approval for the data used in our study. We will present the results of this meta-analysis at academic conferences and publish them in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020173253.

Highlights • Children and adolescents are vulnerable groups during the COVID-2019 pandemic. • Children and adolescents may be experiencing symptoms for PTSD and GAD. • Comorbidity patterns of the symptoms for PTSD and GAD vary. • Perceived threat and stigma are risk factors related to PTSD and GAD., The present study aims to examine the comorbidity patterns of the symptoms (intrusion and avoidance) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the role of perceived threat and courtesy stigma in distinguishing specific patterns of the symptoms for PTSD and GAD among children and adolescents who are susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. A total of 1172 (683 female and 489 male) children and adolescents aged 8–18 years were involved in completing the measurements of PTSD, GAD, perceived threat of COVID-19, and COVID-19-related courtesy stigma. The Latent Profile Analysis identified the three profiles of the symptoms for PTSD and GAD which were labeled as Moderate PTSD, Mild Comorbidity, and Severe Comorbidity. The scores of the symptoms for PTSD, GAD, perceived threat, and stigma were different among the three profiles. The risk factors (i.e., perceived threat and stigma) that are related to comorbidity patterns were examined through a three-step method. The possibility of entry into the Severe Comorbidity Profile increased with increasing perceived threat and stigma. The mental health care interventions for children and adolescents who are susceptible to COVID-19 can be developed to reduce perceived threat and stigma.

Background Empirical research has linked psychological distress with fatigue. However, few studies have analyzed the factors (eg, stimuli from bedtime media use) that affect the relationship between psychological distress and fatigue. Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether visual stimuli from bedtime media use mediate the relationship between psychological distress and fatigue among college students. Methods The sample included 394 participants (92 males, 302 females) with a mean age of 19.98 years (SD 1.43 years), all of whom were Chinese college students at an occupational university in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected using a paper-based questionnaire that addressed psychological distress, stimuli from bedtime media use, and fatigue. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro version 2.16.2 for SPSS 22, which provided the 95% CIs. Results Both psychological distress (r=.43, P Conclusions The findings imply that psychological distress has an indirect effect on fatigue via visual stimuli from bedtime media use. In contrast, auditory stimuli from bedtime media use did not have the same effect. We suggest that college students should reduce bedtime media use, and this could be achieved as part of an overall strategy to improve health. Mobile health apps could be an option to improving young students’ health in daily life.

With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence and big data, intelligent security robots not only improve the efficiency of the traditional intelligent security industry but also propose higher requirements for intelligent security. Aiming to solve the problem of long recognition time and high equipment cost of intelligent security robots, we propose a new face recognition method for intelligent security in this paper. We use the Goldstein branching method for phase unwrapping, which can improve the three-dimensional (3D) face reconstruction effect. Subsequently, by using the three-dimensional face recognition method based on face radial curve elastic matching, different weights are assigned to different curve recognition similarity for weighted fusion as the total similarity for recognition. Experiments show that the method has a higher face recognition rate and is robust to attitude, illumination, and noise.

Objective: To better understand the effectiveness of a single-session positive cognitive intervention and uncover the possible mechanisms. Participants: Participants were 79 first-year students (aged 17-21) who volunteered for the intervention during the 2016 fall semester. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into the intervention group and the control group. All participants completed pretest, post-test, 1 week, and 3-month follow-up tests. Thriving, negative emotional states, strengths knowledge were assessed. Results: Results showed significant increases of thriving in the intervention group at post-test and after 1 week, and significant decreases of negative emotions at the post-test and after 1 week and 3 months. Strengths knowledge fully mediated the intervention effect on thriving at post-test. Conclusions: The single-session positive cognitive intervention could be a responsive and effective approach to promote first-year students mental health. More attention should be paid to mechanisms of the single-session positive cognitive intervention so as to optimize the effects of the single-session positive cognitive intervention.

A novel fiber containing sulfhydryl, carboxyl and amino groups (sPAN) with high adsorption capacity for mercury was facilely prepared by chemically grafting cysteine onto a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber in a one-step reaction. The as-prepared sPAN was characterized for its chemical structure, thermal stability, tensile strength, surface morphology and surface binding species. The adsorption and desorption performances for mercury were investigated by both batch and dynamic experiments. The results showed that sPAN was effective for mercury removal over pH 4–7, and ionic strength produced no obvious interference with the adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of mercury could be as high as 459.3 (±16.0) mg g−1, much higher than for most previously reported materials due to the strong interaction between mercury ions and sulfhydryl, carboxyl, amino groups. More than 99% adsorbed mercury could be eluted by the mixture of hydrochloric acid and thiourea, and the regenerated sPAN could be reused for mercury removal with no significant loss of adsorption capacity even after 10 cycles. The dynamic adsorption results indicated that at initial mercury concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg L−1, the residual mercury concentration was less than 1 μg L−1, which could meet the criterion for drinking water. Moreover, at an initial mercury concentration of 10 mg L−1, the residual mercury concentration was less than 50 μg L−1, which could satisfy the Chinese national industry water discharge standard.

BACKGROUND Empirical research has linked psychological distress with fatigue. However, few studies have analyzed the factors (eg, stimuli from bedtime media use) that affect the relationship between psychological distress and fatigue. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether visual stimuli from bedtime media use mediate the relationship between psychological distress and fatigue among college students. METHODS The sample included 394 participants (92 males, 302 females) with a mean age of 19.98 years (SD 1.43 years), all of whom were Chinese college students at an occupational university in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected using a paper-based questionnaire that addressed psychological distress, stimuli from bedtime media use, and fatigue. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro version 2.16.2 for SPSS 22, which provided the 95% CIs. RESULTS Both psychological distress (r=.43, PPP=.08). The relationship between psychological distress and fatigue was partially mediated by visual stimuli from bedtime media use (beta=.01, SE 0.01, 95% CI 0.0023-0.0253). CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that psychological distress has an indirect effect on fatigue via visual stimuli from bedtime media use. In contrast, auditory stimuli from bedtime media use did not have the same effect. We suggest that college students should reduce bedtime media use, and this could be achieved as part of an overall strategy to improve health. Mobile health apps could be an option to improving young students’ health in daily life.

This paper presents a fully automated system for detecting, classifying, microscopic imaging, and individually identifying multiple parts without ID-marking or tagging. The system is beneficial for product assemblers, who handle multiple types of parts simultaneously. They can ensure traceability quite easily by only placing the parts freely on the system platform. The system captures microscopic images of parts as their "fingerprints," which are matched with pre-registered images in a database to identify an individual part's information such as its serial number. We demonstrate a working prototype and interaction scenario.

This study examined psychometric properties and 1-year predictive validity of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving in China. In total, 556 participants in Chinese communities completed the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving for confirmatory factor analysis. The other 533 individuals further completed the Flourishing Scale and Satisfaction With Life Scale and reported their physical and mental health 1 year later. The 18-factor correlated model showed a better goodness-of-fit than the seven-factor second-order related model. Thriving had higher correlation coefficients with depression, anxiety, stress, and doctor visits. The Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving is an efficient screening tool to differentiate the risk group from other groups and can predict health outcomes among community populations for active interventions.

Character strength is described as a positive and organized pattern of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It serves as a schema that organizes categories of information toward the self, others, and the world, and provides the self-aware knowledge that facilitates the pursuit of goals, values, and ethical principles. Recent research has suggested that three reliable factors emerge from the measures of character strengths: caring, inquisitiveness, and self-control. The goal of this paper is to develop a psychometrically sound short measure of character strength. The questions were addressed in two studies using two independent samples: a cross-cultural (i.e., 518 Asians and 556 Westerners) sample, and a cross-population (i.e., 175 community participants and 171 inpatients) sample in China. Findings from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a cross-cultural three-factor model of character strength that could be measured by the Three-dimensional Inventory of Character Strengths (TICS). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis further indicated that the number of factors and factor loadings was invariant in the medical and community samples. This result indicated that the brief inventory could be applied to a medical context. Internal reliability, content validity, and predictive validity were good, although the predictive validity of the three character strengths for psychological symptoms in the medical sample was more modest than that in the community sample. TICS is expected to be used for screening populations at risk, and a tool to aid mental health professionals in group-based treatment/intervention planning. It also should be noted that this short inventory should be used with caution for individual decision making.

The present study examines the efficacy of expressive writing among Chinese undergraduates. The sample comprised of 74 undergraduates enrolled in a 9-week intervention (35 in experimental class vs. 39 in control class). The writing exercises were well-embedded in an elective course for the two classes. The 46-item simplified Chinese Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale, which assesses psychological, physical and social health, was adopted to measure the outcome of this study. Baseline (second week) and post-test (ninth week) scores were obtained during the classes. After the intervention on the eighth week, the self-reported psychological, social and physical health of the experimental class improved. Psychological health obtained the maximum degree of improvement, followed by social and physical health. Furthermore, female participants gained more psychological improvement than males. These results demonstrated that the expressive writing approach could improve the physical, social and psychological health of Chinese undergraduates, and the method can be applied in university psychological consulting settings in Mainland China.

Semiconducting MoS₂(₁-x) Se₂x mono-layers where x = 0-0.40 are successfully grown over large areas. A random arrangement of the S and Se atoms and a tunable bandgap photoluminescence are observed. Atomically thin, 2D semiconductor alloys with tunable bandgaps have potential applications in nano- and opto-electronics. Field-effect transistors fabricated with the monolayers exhibit high on/off ratios of >10(5).

The present study developed a 12-item Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS-12) among 468 adolescents. The tri-angle translation approach was used to obtain the Chinese version and avoid semantic understanding differences bought by different languages. Both theory and data-driven (e.g., exploratory structural equation modeling) approaches were employed to construct the short form. The same three-global-factor structure was established. Pearson correlation coefficients between the original version and the short form, as well as their associations with negative emotion symptoms and flourishing indicated criterion-related validities. Comparable explained variances in mental health outcomes were also identified using hierarchical regressions between the original version and the short form.

The competency of social workers and social work students is pivotal. Using 931 social work undergraduates and social workers in China, the present study developed the Social Work Core Competency Inventory (SW-Core) to assess social work core competencies, and further examined its psychometric properties. This study comprised three phases. In the first phase, the ‘hierarchy competency model of social work’ was adopted as a framework to review the related literature. The six categories of competency and the corresponding item pool (fifty-five items) were constructed. In the second phase, six social work undergraduates, four Master of Social Work (MSW) students and ten social workers attended the semi-structural cognitive interviews. On the basis of their cognitive feedback and professional experience, eight core competencies were identified, and forty-seven items were retained. Finally, through exploratory factor analysis, a twenty-four-item eight-factor inventory was formulated among the first undergraduate sample (n = 315) that explained 75.87 per cent variances. The factor structure was further validated by a confirmatory factor analysis using the second undergraduate sample (n = 311). Results corroborated that the internal consistency of the eight subscales of the three samples ranged from 0.64 to 0.88. Furthermore, the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the number of factors and factor loadings was invariant between genders, junior and senior students, and social work undergraduates and social workers. In sum, the twenty-four-item self-evaluative SW-Core was a valid measurement to assess the core competencies of social work. This also can be used as a tool to evaluate social work education in the future.

The original version of this article unfortunately contains incorrect affiliation of the corresponding author. The corrected affiliation is presented below. Social and Public Administration School, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.

The present study examined the efficacy of a strength-based intervention program among Chinese undergraduates to increase satisfaction with life. A total of 285 undergraduates enrolled in an 18-week elective course participated in this study. A 2 (informed about the purposes of the intervention vs. not informed about the purposes of the intervention) × 2 (strength-training intervention vs. experiential control) experimental design was adopted. The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) was completed during week two of the course to obtain the personal character strengths profile of each participant. The Satisfaction with Life Scale was adopted as an indicator for this study. Baseline (2nd week), short-term post-test (9th week), and long-term follow-up (18th week) test scores were obtained. All participants increased their satisfaction with life from the baseline to the peaks after the 6-week interventions, and then showed a slow downward trend. In the short-term, the students who were informed about the purpose of the study, as well as those in the strength-training group exhibited more increase in satisfaction with life. However, in the long-term, only those students in the strength-training group sustained the change in satisfaction with life. Strength-based intervention to promote satisfaction with life among Chinese undergraduates was effective. Placebo effect gradually decreased with the passage of time, and eventually disappeared. The results can facilitate the easy-to-use positive intervention in university context.

Objectives: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire (CVQ). The reliability, factor structure, construct validity, and temporal stability of the inventory were examined. Method: A university student sample ( n = 878) and a working adult sample ( n = 153) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete the paper-and-pencil CVQ and a set of questionnaires to measure both their positive and negative psychological status. Results: The results supported the three-factor structure of the CVQ established earlier. Factorial invariants were found in different subsamples (students vs. workers; male vs. female). Each factor (interpersonal, vitality, and cautiousness) demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α = .87 to .92), test–retest reliability ( r = .70 to .76), convergent validity, discriminant validity, incremental validity, temporal stability, and theoretical significance. Conclusions: The questionnaire with good psychometric characteristics and solid cultural foundations can facilitate positive social work assessment and intervention.

The literature has shown that self-compassion is a protective factor of an individual’s emo-tional response to chronic stress. However, this stress-buffering effect has not been complete-ly analyzed in individuals who report significantly high academic stress. The present study explored the role of self-compassion in a group of undergraduate students who experience chronic academic stress. A total of 208 undergraduate students who were preparing for the Postgraduate Entrance Examination (PEE) were recruited and completed the Self-Compassion Scale, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Check List, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Differences analysis confirmed that the participants reported significantly higher academic stress than their peers who were not preparing for PEE. Self-compassion positively related to positive affect but negatively related to negative affect and learning stress. Further analysis showed that self-compassion negatively mediated the relationship be-tween chronic academic stress and negative affect. Findings imply that self-compassion-centered interventions can be developed in the educational context to assist students cope with chronic academic stress.

The widely used Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) mixes the dispositional and cultivated forms of mindfulness, thereby resulting in factor issues in previous studies. The present study distinguished the two forms of mindfulness and developed a Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability at the item level of FFMQ. Three facets of mindfulness, namely, Describing, Acting with Awareness, and Non-judging of Experience, were assessed using community (n = 433) and student (n = 347) samples. Both meditators and non-meditators participated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a three-factor model of mindfulness with 12 items (four items per subscale). Psychometric evaluation demonstrated the solid factor structure of the measurement with high factor loadings, good internal consistency, and convergent validities. Longitudinal analysis indicated that the Acting with Awareness facet was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Discussions focused on the roles of mindfulness capability on mental health as well as the relationship between them. A higher-order factor of mindfulness should be used to examine the efficacy of intervention or monitor the changes. Researchers who need to study the specific role or efficacy of each facet should calculate the scores of different facets.

A novel fibrous adsorbent functionalized with both amino and quaternary ammonium groups (QAPAN) was prepared through a simple two-step route (i.e., amination followed by quaternization reactions) f...

This study was conducted to provide ratings of valence/pleasantness, arousal/excitement, and threat/potential harm for 160 Chinese words. The emotional valence classification (positive, negative, or neutral) of all of the words corresponded to that of the equivalent English language words. More than 90% of the participants, junior high school students aged between 12 and 17 years, understood the words. The participants were from both mainland China and Hong Kong, thus the words can be applied to adolescents familiar with either simplified (e.g. in mainland China) or traditional Chinese (e.g. in Hong Kong) with a junior secondary school education or higher. We also established eight words with negative valence, high threat, and high arousal ratings to facilitate future research, especially on attentional and memory biases among individuals prone to anxiety. Thus, the new emotional word list provides a useful source of information for affective research in the Chinese language.

By utilizing the dual roles of the erasable promoter (pyrrole), "clean", highly conductive, and nitrogen-doped CNT aerogels are derived from a promoter-assisted hydrothermal reaction (HTR) coupling with pyrolysis. The resulting materials show an excellent performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).