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In this paper we systematically evaluate the impact of using the alternative methods conventionally used in the international literature on the measured incidence of educational mismatch and its earnings effects. We use a rich Australian longitudinal data set for a controlled group of full-time employed workers. Using panel data estimation, we address individual heterogeneity and measurement error, which are important in educational mismatch analysis. We show that alternative methods of measurement result in a range of estimates, with the Mode measure providing the most stable results across instrumental variables (IV) selections in panel fixed effects instrumental variables (FEIV) estimations. Based on the Mode measure, the incidence rate of over-education is 32.3%. The earnings penalty for each year of over-education is 2.5%, which is larger than 0.6% in fixed effect estimation and also larger than 1.9% in OLS estimations.

To reconstruct the cases of acceleration craniocerebral injury caused by blunt in forensic cases by finite element method (FEM), and to study the biomechanical mechanism and quantitative evaluation method of blunt craniocerebral injury.Based on the established and validated finite element head model of Chinese people, the finite element model of common injury tool was established with reference to practical cases in the forensic identification, and the blunt craniocerebral injury cases were reconstructed by simulation software. The cases were evaluated quantitatively by analyzing the biomechanical parameters such as intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue.In case 1, when the left temporal parietal was hit with a round wooden stick for the first time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 359 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.03 kPa at the left temporal parietal; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.016 at the left temporal parietal. When the right temporal was hit with a square wooden stick for the second time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 890 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 14.79 kPa at the bottom of right temporal lobe; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.103 at the bottom of the right temporal lobe. The linear fractures occurred at the right temporal parietal skull and the right middle cranial fossa. In case 2, when the forehead and left temporal parietal were hit with a round wooden stick, the maximum intracranial pressure was 370 kPa and 1 241 kPa respectively, the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.66 kPa and 26.73 kPa respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe, and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.021 and 0.116 respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe. The linear fracture occurred at the left posterior skull of the coronary suture. The damage evaluation indicators of the simulation results of the two cases exceeded their damage threshold, and the predicted craniocerebral injury sites and fractures were basically consistent with the results of the autopsy.The FEM can quantitatively evaluate the degree of blunt craniocerebral injury. The FEM combined with traditional method will become a powerful tool in forensic craniocerebral injury identification and will also become an effective means to realize the visualization of forensic evidence in court.

In May 2020, a new taxon of Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae was collected from a dry hillside of Dongsheng District, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. The morphological characteristics of the specimens analyzed differ from those of the known Euphorbia species from this region; therefore, we suspected this may be a new species, and we set to analyze the ITS2 sequences of some Euphorbia species. The results show that the new taxon belongs to the sect. Esula of Euphorbia subg. Esula. It is similar to Euphorbia esula (description from Flora of China) but does not belong to the same species. Concomitantly, plant morphological data and pollen morphology results show significant differences between the new taxon, E. esula and E. caesia, a finding that supports the delimitation of this new taxon, which is named Euphorbia mongoliensis in accordance with its geographical distribution.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is often applied to construct fluorescent probes for acquiring high selectivity and sensitivity. According to the FRET theory, a homodimer composed of two identical fluorophores with a small Stokes shift has only weak fluorescence due to homo-FRET between fluorophores, and the fluorescence could be recovered after the destruction of the homodimer. In this study, we designed and synthesized a homodimer fluorescent probe, namely 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4'-phenylthiophenol)-boron difluoride-dipyrrole methane dimer (D-TMSPB), based on this turn-on strategy. In D-TMSPB, the disulfide moiety was selected as the response moiety of biothiols, and BODIPY fluorophore was chosen as both donor and acceptor in FRET due to the ultra-small Stokes shifts and obvious overlap of its excitation/emission peak. D-TMSPB exhibited only weak fluorescence. After selective reaction with biothiols, FRET was destroyed and the derivative exhibited strong fluorescence at 514 nm with the limit of detection of about 0.15 μM for GSH. Notably, the derivative of biothiols shows remarkable fluorescence only in acidic conditions, which accords with the internal environment of lysosome. Thus, D-TMSPB was applied to image the biothiols of lysosome in living cells. The turn-on fluorescence of D-TMSPB indicated that homo-FRET is a practical strategy to design turn-on fluorescent probes, particularly for the sensing mechanism based on leaving groups.

1,3-Dienes are versatile synthons and important monomers. Herein we report a carbon dioxide promoted dehydration reaction of primary allylic alcohols to produce substituted 1,3-dienes in good yields. Taking advantage of carbon dioxide as a promoter to facilitate the alcoholic C–O bond cleavage via the formation of an allylic bicarbonate ester, this reaction proceeds under mild conditions.

Presentation 22798

Presentation 22800

Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk., a perennial herb belonging to the family Umbelliferae, is widely distributed in Northeast Asia. Its dried root (Radix Saposhnikoviae) is used as a Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of immune system, nervous system, and respiratory diseases. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that the main constituents of S. divaricata are chromones, coumarins, acid esters, and polyacetylenes, and these compounds exhibited significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antitumor, and immunoregulatory activities. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the botanical characterization and distribution, traditional use and ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of S. divaricata for further study concerning its mechanism of action and development of better therapeutic agents and health products from S. divaricata.

The mechanisms of soil−structure interaction have drawn much attention in the past years in the installation and operation of jack-up platform. A bionic spudcan produced by biomimetic of egg and snail shell is proposed, and the performance of the penetration and extraction are analyzed by numerical method. The geometric contour of egg and snail shell is measured, and its mathematical model is established respectively. According to the structure of existing spudcan of jack-up platform, three kinds of typical biomimetic spudcan are designed. Furthermore, numerical analysis models of biomimetic spudcan are established respectively to study the soil−structure interaction mechanism in the process of penetration and extraction, and contrastive analysis of resistance characteristics are carried out. To conclude, the results show that the biomimetic spudcan facilitates the platform installation, and it is also beneficial to the improvement of the bearing capacity of spudcan.

Zang, Er-Huan, Zhang, Ming-Xu, Wang, Wen-Le, Zhang, Chun-Hong, Li, Min-Hui (2021): Euphorbia mongoliensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia, China. Phytotaxa 501 (1): 151-161, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.501.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.1.6

A facile and straightforward strategy was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) using catechol as carbon source in one-pot hydrothermal method. The synthesis method is simple without any doping and modification and the prepared CDs do not require any post-processing. Characterizations of the obtained CDs indicated that they had high crystallinity and higher quantum yield (QY, 32%) than most non-functionalized and non-doped CDs. Noticeably, the fluorescence of CDs could be quenched with hypochlorite (ClO−) by oxidation of the residual pyrocatechol groups on the surface to o-benzoquinone exhibiting high sensitivity and selectivity for ClO−. The assay covered a linear range from 0.1 to 10 μM with a low detection limit of 30 nM. The results showed that the CDs provided a promising potential tool for the detection of ClO− in real water samples.

In this study, we synthesized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-67-bpydc using H2bpydc as ligands and Zr6 clusters as vertexes. Due to the protonation of the bipyridine group, UiO-67-bpydc shows pH-dependent fluorescence (365 nm/530 nm) in the pH range from 1 to 9, which shows its feasibility as a wide-range pH sensor. Further study indicated that UiO-67-bpydc exhibits stability, reusability, selectivity and has an excellent linear relationship in the pH range 4.0–6.5, and the mechanism of the UiO-67-bpydc fluorescence intensity with the variation of pH has been studied in detail. This MOF-based fluorescent sensor has been applied to specifically detect the pH of solutions in the presence of the body fluid matrix. Compared with reported pH-MOF sensors, UiO-67-bpydc can be practically applied in real samples and is easily prepared with excellent stability in different buffer solutions.

Limited empirical evidence exists on the role of electricity intensity of residential income and disposable income in China's electricity consumption. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the variation in the growth rate of electricity consumption. We develop a Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to examine factors that affect electricity consumption and whether there are structural changes impacting electricity consumption. The drivers of slowing electricity consumption in China between 2007 and 2019 are quantified. We find that China's electricity consumption is closely associated with economic growth during the current New Normal period 2013–2019. Decelerated electricity consumption rate is linked to adjustments in industrial structure and a decline in energy intensity. Decreasing the electricity intensity of residential income also contributed to the decelerated rate. In 2014 there was a clear structural break in the growth rate of China's electricity consumption. We conclude that the decline in the electricity consumption growth rate is structural, and the low average annual growth rate will be sustained if nascent energy efficiency improvements and industry transition continue. Therefore, both electricity consumption and its influencing factors should be monitored continuously. Policies should be aimed at promoting energy efficiency and optimizing industrial structure.

Ethnopharmacological relevance The genus Salvia is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. In China, about 40 Salvia species have been used as medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases, specifically hepatic and renal diseases and those of the cardiovascular and immune systems. Aim of this review This review aims to provide systematically organized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of medicinal Salvia species in China to support their therapeutic potential in the treatment of human diseases. Materials and methods Relevant information on the Chinese Salvia species was obtained from scientific online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciFinder. Additional information was derived from other literature sources (e.g. Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc thesis, etc). Results Our comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature indicates that many Chinese Salvia species are valuable and popular herbal medicines with therapeutic potentials to cure various ailments. Phytochemical analyses identified diterpenoids and phenolic acids as the major bioactive substances in Chinese Salvia species. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from the Chinese Salvia species exhibited various pharmacological activities, typically targeting the cardiovascular and immune systems and hepatic and renal diseases. Conclusion This review summarizes the results from current studies about basic properties of medicinal Salvia species in China, such as active constituents and their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, underlying molecular mechanisms, toxicology, and efficacy, which are still being studied and explored to achieve integration into medical practice.

Despite evidence that immigrants experience a higher incidence of over-education, relatively few studies have considered the labour market outcomes of over-education for immigrants. Using longitudinal data and penalized quantile panel regression, we inspect the earnings effects of job mismatches for immigrants in Australia. This first application of the method to this question addresses both individual and distributional heterogeneity. Results confirm divergent effects across the earnings distribution. Immigrants from non-English speaking countries experience lower earnings returns and a substantial earnings penalty of up to 25 percent from educational mismatched employment. However, in contrast to conventional findings of a penalty based on regression at the mean, at the highest earnings quantile, both Australian-born and immigrants from non-English speaking countries with a host country qualification receive earnings premiums of 2.7 and 11 percent, respectively, from years of over-education. We discuss the policy implications of this new result.