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Bromeliads are among the most economically important potted ornamentals, however little is available about genetic variability among bromeliad cultivars or hybrids for breeding purposes. In this study, genetic relatedness among cultivars and selected hybrids of Aechmea bromeliad was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and pedigree data. Eight AFLP primer combinations produced 1498 DNA fragments, of which 1465 (97.8%) were polymorphic. The AFLP-based genetic similarity ranged from 0.20 to 0.61 and averaged 0.33, while the corresponding pedigree-based coefficient of coancestry varied from 0 to 0.5, with an average of 0.07. This reveals large variability and genetic diversity among the investigated Aechmea bromeliads. The AFLP-based cluster analysis grouped the Aechmea bromeliads well according to their breeding years and ancestors, whereas pedigree-based cluster analysis divided the Aechmea bromeliads corresponding only to their ancestors. Additionally, the AFLP-based genetic similarity followed a normal distribution, while pedigree-based coefficient of coancestry displayed a skewed distribution. A significant though moderate correlation ( r = 0.35, P R 2 = 0.12) were observed between the two measures. This indicates that AFLP is more effective in quantifying genetic relatedness among Aechmea bromeliads. The present study provides useful implications for the efficient conservation and utilization of bromeliad germplasm.

In order to analyze the behavior of steel columns in fire with partial damage of fire protection, an analytical model is presented based on the differential equation of equilibrium, which may be used to predict the ultimate load bearing capacity of steel columns fixed at two ends and to predict the critical temperature of axially restrained steel columns. The imperfection of initial flexure of steel columns is taken into account in the model. The yielding of the edge fiber at the mid-span of a column subjected to elevated temperature is taken as the failure criteria for the fire resistance of the column. A numerical application is carried out to demonstrate the effect of the damage of fire protection on the ultimate load bearing capacity and axial force increase of axially restrained steel column in fire. Comparing with FEM, the model proposed in the paper has been validated and good agreement has been found.

An experimental study is performed on two specimens in a furnace to investigate the fire behaviour of steel columns with partial loss of fire protection. The steel columns are connected by flush end-plates at two ends and the axial load is kept constant with a load ratio of 0.55 subjected to an elevation of temperature. The specimens are protected with 20 mm thickness of fire protection. The damaged length of fire protection is 7% of the complete length of the column for specimen S-1 and 14% for S-2 at the two ends of the steel columns. The temperature of atmosphere around the specimens in the furnace is assumed to follow the ISO834 standard temperature and the temperatures and displacements are measured in the experiment. The temperature distribution along the steel column is modelled by finite element analysis and compared with the measured results. A continuum model is presented to predict the ultimate load capacity or critical temperature of the columns with fire protection damage. Analyses are carried out on the specimens and compared with the experiment. Experimental and analytical results showed that the fire resistance of steel columns with partial damage to the fire protection is reduced. The damage length of the fire protection has a great effect on the fire resistance of steel columns. The failure of the specimens mainly resulted from the buckling or yielding at the portion where the fire protection is damaged.

In order to analyze the behavior of steel columns in a fire with partial damage to their fire protection, two simple models are presented. One of the models based on the differential equation of equilibrium may be used to predict the ultimate load bearing capacity of steel columns hinged at two ends and the other may be employed to predict the critical temperature of axially restrained steel columns. The imperfections including initial flexure of steel columns and load eccentricity are taken into account in the models. The edge fiber yielding at the mid-span of a column is taken as the failure criteria for the fire-resistance of the column. A numerical application is carried out to demonstrate the effect of the damage to fire protection on the ultimate load bearing capacity and critical temperature of steel columns in a fire. The results show that the load bearing capacity is reduced at a given temperature with increasing damaged length of fire protection. The axially restrained stiffness and load ratio have a significant influence on the critical temperature of steel columns. By employing the computer models, the approach proposed in the paper has been validated and good agreement has been found.

Although beam-to-column joints are known to have a very significant effect on the behaviour of steel frames in the event of fire, no specific approach for evaluating the behaviour of extended end-plate joints in fire has been proposed. In this paper, on the basis of the current Chinese Code for Design of Steel Structures [Chinese code for design of steel structures. 2002] and Technical Code on Fire Safety of Steel Building Structures [Chinese Technical code on fire safety of steel building structure. CECS, 2006], analysis is presented on the load-bearing capacity of extended end-plate joints in fire, by taking the mechanical properties of steel at elevated temperature into account. A practical approach for fire-resistance calculation and assessment of the joints is proposed, based on the load-bearing capacity of the components of joints at elevated temperatures including the bolt, extended end-plate, column flange and panel zone. Employing the practical approach, the critical temperatures of two extended end-plate joints are predicted. By comparison with the results measured from the tests, the effectiveness of this practical approach is verified.

In order to investigate the fire-resistant capacity of extended end-plate joints, an experimental study was performed by using a furnace on four full-scale specimens made with H-shaped steel. The failure characteristics and failure modes of the extended end-plate joint specimens in fire were obtained from the experiment. The influence of rib stiffeners and depth of end-plates on fire-resistant capacity of the joints was found by comparing the capacity of the joints with and without rib stiffeners and different depths of end-plate. In addition, this paper also describes a spring-component model employed for predicting the behaviour of extended endplate bare-steel joints at elevated temperature. The components of a joint are considered to consist of spring components with predefined mechanical properties, i.e. stiffness and strength. The response of the joints subjected to elevated temperature can be predicted by assembling components, the stiffness and strength of which are assumed to degrade with increasing temperatures based on the recommendations presented in the Chinese Technical Code on Fire Safety of Steel Building Structure. It is demonstrated that the results from the model agree with experimental data quite well.

Through the analysis about the present situation of ship manufacturing industry informatization, introduces cloud manufacturing. The construction of the ship enterprise manufacturing service platform in the cloud manufacturing environment is studied. Detailedly describes the function of each module and build ideas. The key technology involved service platform is introduced, describes in detail the operation process of the service platform of ship manufacturing in cloud manufacturing environment. The service platform of ship manufacturing in cloud manufacturing environment for the realization of a certain region to maximize resources and manufacturing taskshipbuilding fast matching has important significance. Index Terms cloud manufacturing, informatization, the service platform

Background Anthurium andraeanum is one of the most popular tropical flowers. In temperate and cold zones, a much greater risk of cold stress occurs in the supply of Anthurium plants. Unlike the freeze-tolerant model plants, Anthurium plants are particularly sensitive to low temperatures. Improvement of chilling tolerance in Anthurium may significantly increase its production and extend its shelf-life. To date, no previous genomic information has been reported in Anthurium plants. Results Using Illumina sequencing technology, we generated over two billion base of high-quality sequence in Anthurium, and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes without prior genome information. These reads were assembled into 44,382 unigenes (mean length = 560 bp). Based on similarity search with known protein in the non-redundant (nr) protein database, 27396 unigenes (62%) were functionally annotated with a cut-off E-value of 10-5. Further, DGE tags were mapped to the assembled transcriptome for gene expression analysis under cold stress. In total, 4363 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among these genes, 292, 805 and 708 genes were up-regulated after 1-h, 5-h and 24-h cold treatment, respectively. Then we mapped these cold-induced genes to the KEGG database. Specific enrichment was observed in photosynthesis pathway, metabolic pathways and oxidative phosphorylation pathway in 1-h cold-treated plants. After a 5-h cold treatment, the metabolic pathways and oxidative phosphorylation pathway were significantly identified as the top two pathways. After 24-h cold treatment, mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport pathway and plant-pathogen interaction pathway were significantly enriched. Together, a total of 39 cold-inducible transcription factors were identified, including subsets of AP2/ERF, Zinc figure, NAC, MYB and bZIP family members. Conclusion Our study is the first to provide the transcriptome sequence resource for Anthurium plants, and demonstrate its digital gene expression profiling under cold conditions using the assembled transcriptome data for reference. These data provides a valuable resource for genetic and genomic studies under abiotic conditions for Anthurium plants.

The MADS-box gene plays a crucial role in the formation of the floral meristem, development of floral organs and florescence regulation in plants. Based on a full-length cDNA library of floral organs and bracts in ostara , a Guzmania cultivar, four EST sequences from the same contig that included the MADS-box gene were obtained by large-scale random sequencing. Using the primer walking sequencing method, a 985 bp full-length cDNA sequence of the MADS-box gene was identified, which was named GoMADS-box2 gene (GenBank accession No.:JN936044). It has a 675 bp open reading frame that encodes 225 amino acid residuals, and its theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point were predicted to be 26.3 kD and 9.36, respectively, by using a ProtParam analysis. The putative GoMADS-box2 protein contains a MIKC domain, which only exists in plant MADS-box proteins. The SPOMA program predicted that the secondary structure of the protein was composed of alpha helices (56.00%), random coils (24.44%), extended strands (13.78%) and beta turns (5.78%). Based on the 3D structure of the 1TQE P chain, a tertiary structure model was predicted by the ESyPred 3D program. Molecular phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the cloned gene belongs to the AP3-type family of genes as well as B-class genes, which might control the development of the petals and stamens. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the GoMADS-box2 gene could be expressed in all of the tested tissues, and the amount expressed in the flower was much higher than that of other three tissues; while the expre ssion levels of the scape and leaf were nearly equal and the expression level in the bra ct was the lowest that was close to zero.

As a house keeping gene, Actin was often used as inner control in quantitative and semiquantitative PCR tests to determine relative expressive amount of target genes. Based on EST monoclones of Actin gene obtained from Guzmania full length cDNA library, its full length cDNA sequence was obtained by primer walking sequencing. The gene, named for Goactin1 (GenBank accession No. HQ184438), consisted of 1 625 bp cDNA sequence, 1 131 bp ORF (open reading frame) which encoded a protein with 377 amino acids residues, and a putative protein which was 41.7 kD at estimated molecular weight, 5.31 at isoelectric point and had a ‘actin superfamily’ conservative domain. The secondary structure of the protein was composed of random coil, alpha helix, extend strand and beta turn by SPOMA analysis. Furthermore, its tertiary structure was also build based on A chain of 2BTF. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, Goactin1 was gathered to the same group with Actin protein in Solanum tuberosum, Gossypium hirsutum, Nicotiana tabacum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, and Arabidopsis thaliana .

This paper presents a design of a switched Hall IC, which can operate in automotive electronic applications with wide range of voltage and temperature from 3.8V to 30V and −40°C to +150°C, respectively. Besides, for a hysteretic comparator is contained in the signal processing circuit, it can be used with hysteretic loop-line width of 0.456V and with trigger and release magnetic field of 14.5mT and 11.5mT, respectively. The whole design are simulated and verified by 4um bipolar technology, and the simulation results prove the validity of our design.