128 results on '"Wang, Junren"'
Search Results
102. 29‐3: Highly Versatile and Stable Photoalignment Process for AMLCDs
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McGinty, Colin, primary, Wang, Junren, additional, Finnemeyer, Valerie, additional, Reich, Robert, additional, Clark, Harry, additional, Berry, Shaun, additional, and Bos, Philip, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. CuO Nanoplatelets with Highly Dispersed Ce-Doping Derived from Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides for Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Al–Air Batteries
- Author
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Hong, Qingshui, primary, Lu, Huimin, additional, and Wang, Junren, additional
- Published
- 2017
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104. Wide temperature-range, multi-component, optically isotropic antiferroelectric bent-core liquid crystal mixtures for display applications
- Author
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Wang, Junren, primary, Bergquist, Leah, additional, Hwang, Jung-Im, additional, Kim, Kyeong-Jin, additional, Lee, Joun-Ho, additional, Hegmann, Torsten, additional, and Jákli, Antal, additional
- Published
- 2017
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105. Developing Liquid‐Crystal Functionalized Fabrics for Wearable Sensors
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Wang, Junren, primary, Jákli, Antal, additional, Guan, Yu, additional, Fu, Shaohai, additional, and West, John, additional
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- 2017
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106. 12-3: Smart Fabrics Functionalized by Liquid Crystals
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Wang, Junren, primary, Kolacz, Jakub, additional, Chen, Yijing, additional, Jákli, Antal, additional, Kawalec, Jill, additional, Benitez, Margarita, additional, and West, John L, additional
- Published
- 2017
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107. Self-Reduction Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles/Carbon Fiber Paper Air Cathodes for Improving Al-Air Battery Performance
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Hong, Qingshui, primary, Lu, Huimin, additional, and Wang, Junren, additional
- Published
- 2017
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108. A novel ionic liquid polymer electrolyte for quasi-solid state lithium air batteries
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Bai, Junjie, primary, Lu, Huimin, additional, Cao, Yuan, additional, Li, Xudong, additional, and Wang, Junren, additional
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- 2017
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109. Performance of Mg–9Al–1In Alloy as Anodes for Mg-Air Batteries in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solutions
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Li, Xudong, primary, Lu, Huimin, additional, Yuan, Shaoqian, additional, Bai, Junjie, additional, Wang, Junren, additional, Cao, Yuan, additional, and Hong, Qingshui, additional
- Published
- 2017
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110. Effects of humidity and surface on photoalignment of brilliant yellow
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Wang, Junren, primary, McGinty, Colin, additional, West, John, additional, Bryant, Douglas, additional, Finnemeyer, Valerie, additional, Reich, Robert, additional, Berry, Shaun, additional, Clark, Harry, additional, Yaroshchuk, Oleg, additional, and Bos, Philip, additional
- Published
- 2016
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111. Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation: A Previously Overlooked Methane Sink in Intertidal Zone.
- Author
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Wang, Jiaqi, Cai, Chaoyang, Li, Yufen, Hua, Miaolian, Wang, Junren, Yang, Hongrui, Zheng, Ping, and Hu, Baolan
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- 2019
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112. Morphology Tuning of Electrospun Liquid Crystal/Polymer Fibers
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Wang, Junren, primary, Jákli, Antal, additional, and West, John L., additional
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- 2016
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113. Airbrush Formation of Liquid Crystal/Polymer Fibers
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Wang, Junren, primary, Jákli, Antal, additional, and West, John L., additional
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- 2015
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114. Effects of humidity and surface on photoalignment of brilliant yellow.
- Author
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Wang, Junren, McGinty, Colin, West, John, Bryant, Douglas, Finnemeyer, Valerie, Reich, Robert, Berry, Shaun, Clark, Harry, Yaroshchuk, Oleg, and Bos, Philip
- Subjects
- *
HUMIDITY , *LIQUID crystals , *AZO dyes , *SPIN coating , *ANNEALING of crystals - Abstract
Controlling and optimising the alignment of liquid crystals is a crucial process for display application. Here, we investigate the effects of humidity and surface types on photoalignment of an azo-dye brilliant yellow (BY). Specifically, the effect of humidity on the photoalignment of BY was studied at the stage of substrate storage before coating, during the spin-coating process, between film coating and exposure, and after exposure. Surprising results are the drastic effect of humidity during the spin-coating process, the humidity annealing to increase the order of the BY layer after exposure and the dry annealing to stabilise the layer. Our results are interpreted in terms of the effect of water on the aggregation of BY. The type of surface studied had minimal effects. Thin BY films (about 3 nm thickness) were sensitive to the hydrophilicity of the surface while thick BY films (about 30 nm thickness) were not affected by changing the surface. The results of this paper allow for the optimisation of the BY photoalignment for liquid crystal display application as well as a better understanding of the BY photoalignment mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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115. A Survey of Force Feedback in Flight Safety Enhancement
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Wang, Junren, primary, Pan, Xiang, additional, Pan, Xue, additional, Xue, Yali, additional, and Ye, Yongqiang, additional
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- 2012
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116. A Method of Schema Matching Based on Top-K Mapping and User Feedback
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Wang, Junren, primary, Li, Qingzhong, additional, and Dong, Yongquan, additional
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- 2009
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117. Responsive liquid crystal films and fibers
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Wang, Junren
- Subjects
- Chemistry, Materials Science, Liquid crystal, films, fibers, responsive, sensor
- Abstract
We depend on our sight more than any other of our senses and amazingly, 80% of what we perceive comes through our eyes. Growing interests are focused on intelligent signal transducers (such as wearable technology) which can visualize the surrounding stimuli. Liquid crystals are exquisitely sensitive signal transducers. Their large optical response to a low voltage has led to their domination of the flat panel display industry. This huge industry evolved from the simple alpha-numeric displays for wrist-watches and hand-held calculators to the high resolution, full color video displays found in today’s TVs, computer monitors and smart phones. The LCD is a mature technology. The next evolution of liquid crystal devices will continue to exploit their sensitive signal transduction ability, but this time as photonic, mechanical, thermal, chemical or biological stimuli sensors. This evolution requires a rethinking of how liquid crystal devices are designed and fabricated. The research work presented in this dissertation focuses on the mechanism of formation of composites incorporating liquid crystals and the response of these composites to external stimuli. The composites are prepared in the form of films which possess light or mechanical responsiveness, and in the form of fibers which respond to temperature and/or chemical vapor. Depending on the composition, the responsiveness and optical properties of incorporated liquid crystals can be macroscopically observed, which in the long-term makes these composites useful as sensors or “smart” textiles. Chapter 2 covers the general background information (such as, the physical property and stimuli response) of liquid crystals, and major techniques for fabricating films and fibers. Previous studies on combining liquid crystals and polymers in the form of film or fiber are also presented and reviewed. Chapter 3 discusses the photosentive films for liquid crystal alignment. The light sensitive layer is fabricated by spin-coating an azo dye solution. With suitable light radiation, the azo dye molecules in the film can align an adjacent liquid crystal layer. To understand the photoalignment mechanism of the azo dyes as well as have a better control over the photoalignment process, we investigated the effects of humidity and surfaces. Specific work was done with an azo dye - brilliant yellow (BY). Surprising results are the drastic effect of humidity during the spin-coating process, the humidity annealing to increase the order of the BY layer after exposure and the dry annealing to stabilize the layer. Our results are interpreted in terms of the effect of water on the aggregation of BY. The type of surface studied has minimal effects. Thin BY films (about 3 nm thickness) are sensitive to the hydrophilicity of the surface while thick BY films (about 30 nm thickness) are not affected by changing the surface. Chapter 4 illustrates using a low-cost polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film to study shear stress induced by air-flow. It employs a system combining a PDLC coating with an instrument that has the ability to measure birefringence in nearly real time. A series of tests and studies demonstrate the feasibility of this system to monitor shear stresses over aerodynamic surfaces. Relatively large signals have been obtained with silicone elastomer based partially exposed PDLC films. By controlling the cross-linking density, the stiffness or elasticity of PDLC can be further tuned, with the enhanced capacity to monitor a larger range of shear stress. Chapter 5 details the study on the fibers and/or fabrics incorporating liquid crystals. We report the incorporation of liquid crystals into fibers, either as coaxial fibers consisting of a liquid-crystal core surrounded by a polymer sheath, or as liquid crystal microcapsules bonded to the fiber surface. Such fibers and their assembly are as flexible and breathable as conventional fabrics. In addition, approaches to tune the fibers’ morphology, and their electro-, thermo-, and chemo-optical response are studied. We also show a bandage simply coated with thermochromic liquid crystal capsules to work as simple biomedical sensors. The preliminary performances of the combination of liquid crystals with flexible fibers or fabrics show the potential as stimuli responsive sensors and offer solutions to expand the functions of textiles.Chapter 6 presents a summary.
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- 2018
118. The association of psychological and trauma-related factors with biological and facial aging acceleration: evidence from the UK Biobank.
- Author
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Wang J, Han X, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Qu Y, Yang H, Song J, Qiu C, and Song H
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- Humans, United Kingdom epidemiology, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Biological Specimen Banks, Adult, Face, Leukocytes, Adverse Childhood Experiences, UK Biobank, Aging physiology
- Abstract
Background: Psychological and trauma-related factors are associated with many diseases and mortality. However, a comprehensive assessment of the association between psycho-trauma exposures and aging acceleration is currently lacking., Methods: Using data from 332,359 UK Biobank participants, we calculated biological aging acceleration, indexed by the presence of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) deviation (i.e., the difference between genetically determined and observed LTL > 0). The acceleration of facial aging (i.e., looking older than the chronological age) was assessed using a self-report question. Then, we estimated the associations of each psycho-trauma factor with biological and facial aging acceleration, using logistic regression models adjusted for multiple important covariates. Furthermore, restricted to 99,180 participants with complete psychological and trauma-related data, we identified clusters of individuals with distinct psycho-trauma patterns using the latent class analysis method and assessed their associations with aging acceleration using similar models., Results: We observed most of the studied psycho-trauma factors were associated with biological and facial aging acceleration. Compared to the "Absence of trauma and psychopathology" cluster, the "adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with psychopathology" cluster showed strong associations with those aging measurements (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13 [1.05 - 1.23] for biological and 1.52 [1.18 - 1.95] for facial aging acceleration), while no such association was observed for the "ACEs without psychopathology" cluster (1.04 [0.99 - 1.09] and 1.02 [0.84 - 1.24]., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated significant associations of psycho-trauma factors with both biological and facial aging acceleration. The differential aging consequences observed among ACEs exposed individuals with and without psychopathology prompt interventions aimed to improve individuals' psychological resilience to prevent aging acceleration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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119. Semiconductive Behavior and Photoconductivity of Uranyl Dithiophosphinate Single Crystal.
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Wang J, Yang L, Yin D, Gao X, Dai X, Li K, Wang S, and Wang Y
- Abstract
Herein, we detail the synthesis, structure, and photoconductivity of the uranyl dithiophosphinate single crystal UO
2 [S2 P(C6 H5 )2 ]2 (CH3 OH)·CH3 OH (denoted as U-DPDPP). The formation of bonds between uranyl ions and sulfur-based ligands endows U-DPDPP with a distinct electronic absorption property with a broadband spectrum spanning from 250 to 550 nm, giving rise to a unique semiconductive property. Under X-ray illumination, U-DPDPP displays a distinctive photoconductivity response, with a charge carrier mobility lifetime (μτ) of 2.78 × 10-4 cm2 ·V-1 achieved, which contradicts the electronic-silence behavior of uranyl nitrate crystal.- Published
- 2024
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120. Farnesoid X receptor promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by activating Jak2/STAT3 signaling via transactivation of IL-6ST and IL-6 genes.
- Author
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Jin X, Shang B, Wang J, Sun J, Li J, Liang B, Wang X, Su L, You W, and Jiang S
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- Animals, Mice, Humans, Interleukin-6 genetics, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Transcriptional Activation, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Signal Transduction, Disease Models, Animal, STAT3 Transcription Factor genetics, STAT3 Transcription Factor metabolism, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology, Lung Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cases of cancer recurrence and death in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a bile acid nuclear receptor that was recently found to be upregulated in NSCLC tissues. However, whether and how FXR regulates NSCLC metastasis remains unclear. In the present study, it was found that FXR promoted the migration, invasion, and angiogenic ability of NSCLC cells in vitro, and increased NSCLC metastasis in a mouse model in vivo. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that FXR specifically bound to the promoters of IL-6ST and IL-6 genes to upregulate their transcription, thereby leading to activation of the Jak2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which facilitated tumor migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in NSCLC. Notably, Z-guggulsterone, a natural FXR inhibitor, significantly reduced FXR
high NSCLC metastasis, and decreased the expression of FXR, IL-6, IL-6ST, and p-STAT3 in the mouse model. Clinical analysis verified that FXR was positively correlated with IL-6, IL-6ST and p-STAT3 expression in NSCLC patients, and was indicative of a poor prognosis. Collectively, these results highlight a novel FXR-induced IL-6/IL-6ST/Jak2/STAT3 axis in NSCLC metastasis, and a promising therapeutic means for treating FXRhigh metastatic NSCLC., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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121. Childhood maltreatment and risk of endocrine diseases: an exploration of mediating pathways using sequential mediation analysis.
- Author
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Wen S, Zhu J, Han X, Li Y, Liu H, Yang H, Hou C, Xu S, Wang J, Hu Y, Qu Y, Liu D, Aspelund T, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, and Song H
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Adult, Mediation Analysis, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Child Abuse psychology, Endocrine System Diseases epidemiology, Endocrine System Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood maltreatment, have been linked with increased risk of diabetes and obesity during adulthood. A comprehensive assessment on the associations between childhood maltreatment and all major endocrine diseases, as well as the relative importance of different proposed mechanistic pathways on these associations, is currently lacking., Methods: Based on the UK Biobank, we constructed a cohort including 151,659 participants with self-reported data on childhood maltreatment who were 30 years of age or older on/after January 1, 1985. All participants were followed from the index date (i.e., January 1, 1985, or their 30th birthday, whichever came later) until the first diagnosis of any or specific (12 individual diagnoses and 9 subtypes) endocrine diseases, death, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2019), whichever occurred first. We used Cox models to examine the association of childhood maltreatment, treated as continuous (i.e., the cumulative number of experienced childhood maltreatment), ordinal (i.e., 0, 1 and ≥ 2), or binary (< 2 and ≥ 2) variable, with any and specific endocrine diseases, adjusted for multiple covariates. We further examined the risk of having multiple endocrine diseases using Linear or Logistic Regression models. Then, sequential mediation analyses were performed to assess the contribution of four possible mechanisms (i.e., suboptimal socioeconomic status (SES), psychological adversities, unfavorable lifestyle, and biological alterations) on the observed associations., Results: During an average follow-up of 30.8 years, 20,885 participants received a diagnosis of endocrine diseases. We observed an association between the cumulative number of experienced childhood maltreatment and increased risk of being diagnosed with any endocrine disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.12). The HR was 1.26 (1.22-1.30) when comparing individuals ≥ 2 with those with < 2 experienced childhood maltreatment. We further noted the most pronounced associations for type 2 diabetes (1.40 (1.33-1.48)) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis-related endocrine diseases (1.38 (1.17-1.62)), and the association was stronger for having multiple endocrine diseases, compared to having one (odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.24 (1.19-1.30), 1.35 (1.27-1.44), and 1.52 (1.52-1.53) for 1, 2, and ≥ 3, respectively). Sequential mediation analyses showed that the association between childhood maltreatment and endocrine diseases was consistently and most distinctly mediated by psychological adversities (15.38 ~ 44.97%), while unfavorable lifestyle (10.86 ~ 25.32%) was additionally noted for type 2 diabetes whereas suboptimal SES (14.42 ~ 39.33%) for HPA-axis-related endocrine diseases., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that adverse psychological sequel of childhood maltreatment constitutes the main pathway to multiple endocrine diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes and HPA-axis-related endocrine diseases. Therefore, increased access to evidence-based mental health services may also be pivotal in reducing the risk of endocrine diseases among childhood maltreatment-exposed individuals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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122. Cohort profile: the China surgery and anesthesia cohort (CSAC).
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Yang L, Chen W, Chen D, He J, Wang J, Qu Y, Yang Y, Tang Y, Zeng H, Deng W, Liu H, Huang L, Li X, Du L, Liu J, Li Q, and Song H
- Subjects
- Middle Aged, Humans, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Prospective Studies, China epidemiology, Anesthesia adverse effects, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
The China Surgery and Anaesthesia Cohort (CSAC) study was launched in July 2020 and is an ongoing prospective cohort study recruiting patients aged 40-65 years who underwent elective surgeries with general anaesthesia across four medical centres in China. The general objective of the CSAC study is to improve our understanding of the complex interaction between environmental and genetic components as well as to determine their effects on a wide range of interested surgery/anaesthesia-related outcomes. To achieve this goal, we collected enriched phenotypic data, e.g., sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, perioperative neuropsychological changes, anaesthesia- and surgery-related complications, and medical conditions, at recruitment, as well as through both active (at 1, 3, 7 days and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery) and passive (for more than 1 year after surgery) follow-up assessments. We also obtained omics data from blood samples. In addition, COVID-19-related information was collected from all participants since January 2023, immediately after COVID-19 restrictions were eased in China. As of July 18, 2023, 12,766 participants (mean age = 52.40 years, 57.93% were female) completed baseline data collection (response rate = 94.68%), among which approximately 70% donated blood and hair samples. The follow-up rates within 12 months after surgery were > 92%. Our initial analyses have demonstrated the incidence of and risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) among middle-aged Chinese individuals, which may prompt further mechanistic exploration and facilitate the development of effective interventions for preventing those conditions. Additional studies, such as genome-wide association analyses for identifying the genetic determinants of CPSP and POCD, are ongoing, and their findings will be released in the future., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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123. Comparison of quinoa and highland barley derived dietary fibers influence on the physicochemical properties and digestion of rice starch.
- Author
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Gan Z, Zhang M, Xu S, Li T, Zhang X, Wang J, and Wang L
- Subjects
- Dietary Fiber analysis, Starch chemistry, Digestion, Hordeum chemistry, Chenopodium quinoa metabolism, Oryza chemistry
- Abstract
This study investigated the potential of highland barley and quinoa dietary fibers, rich in β-glucan and pectin respectively, as cost-effective and nutritionally valuable physical modifiers for rice starch (RS). HPAEC revealed differences between the monosaccharide composition of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers sourced from highland barley and quinoa (HSDF, HIDF, QSDF and QIDF). Results from both RVA and DSC analysis revealed that the addition of low amounts of dietary fiber significantly modified the pasting properties of RS. Notably, the addition of quinoa soluble dietary fiber (QSDF) significantly inhibits the formation of a stable gel network in rice starch, even at low concentrations (0.1 %), as confirmed by rheological measurements. Furthermore, the incorporation of QSDF effectively reduces the content of rapidly digestible starch in rice starch by 15.6 % and increases the content of slowly digestible starch, from 23.36 % ± 3.02 % to 31.07 % ± 3.98 %. By leveraging the compositional richness of these fibers, this research opens up novel opportunities for developing functional food products with improved nutritional profiles, as well as for improving texture and reducing glycemic index (GI) in starch-based foods., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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124. Explainable machine-learning algorithms to differentiate bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder using self-reported symptoms, vital signs, and blood-based markers.
- Author
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Zhu T, Liu X, Wang J, Kou R, Hu Y, Yuan M, Yuan C, Luo L, and Zhang W
- Subjects
- Humans, Self Report, Algorithms, Heart Rate, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis
- Abstract
Background and Objective: Caused by shared genetic risk factors and similar neuropsychological symptoms, bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are at high risk of misdiagnosis, which is associated with ineffective treatment and worsening of outcomes. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML)-based diagnostic system, based on electronic medical records (EMR) data, to mimic the clinical reasoning of human physicians to differentiate MDD and BD (especially BD depressive episodes) patients about to be admitted to a hospital and, hence, reduce the misdiagnosis of BD as MDD on admission. In addition, we examined to what extent our ML model could be made interpretable by quantifying and visualizing the features that drive the predictions., Methods: By identifying 16,311 patients admitted to a hospital located in western China between 2009 and 2018 with a recorded main diagnosis of MDD or BD, we established three sub-cohorts with different combinations of features for both the MDD-BD cohort and the MDD-BD depressive episodes cohort, respectively. Four different ML algorithms (logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest, and support vector machine) and four train-test splits were used to train and validate diagnostic models, and explainable methods (SHAP and Break Down) were utilized to analyze the contribution of each of the features at both population-level and individual-level, including feature importance, feature interaction, and feature effect on prediction decision for a specific subject., Results: The XGBoost algorithm provided the best test performance (AUC: 0.838 (0.810-0.867), PPV: 0.810 and NPV: 0.834) for separating patients with BD from those with MDD. Core predictors included symptoms (mood-up, exciting, bad sleep, loss of interest, talking, mood-down, provoke), along with age, job, myocardial enzyme markers (creatine kinase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase), diabetes-associated marker (glucose), bone function marker (alkaline phosphatase), non-enzymatic antioxidant (uric acid), markers of immune/inflammation (white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, basophil percentage, monocyte count), cardiovascular function marker (low density lipoprotein), renal marker (total protein), liver biochemistry marker (indirect bilirubin), and vital signs like pulse. For separating patients with BD depressive episodes from those with MDD, the test AUC was 0.777 (0.732-0.822), with PPV 0.576 and NPV 0.899. Additional validation in models built with self-reported symptoms removed from the feature set, showed test AUC of 0.701 (0.666-0.736) for differentiating BD and MDD, and AUC of 0.564 (0.515-0.614) for detecting patients in BD depressive episodes from MDD patients. Validation in the datasets without removing the patients with comorbidity showed an AUC of 0.826 (0.806-0.846)., Conclusion: The diagnostic system accurately identified patients with BD in various clinical scenarios, and differences in patterns of peripheral markers between BD and MDD could enrich our understanding of potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of them., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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125. Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Biomedical Interventions on Adult Hepatitis B Elimination in China: A Mathematical Modelling Study.
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Wang X, Du Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang S, Wang Y, Gu J, Deng W, Gilmour S, Li J, and Hao Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hepatitis B virus, China epidemiology, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Hepatitis B epidemiology, Hepatitis B prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: China has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease burdens worldwide and tracking progress toward the 2030 HBV elimination targets is essential. This study aimed to assess the impact of biomedical interventions (i.e., adult vaccination, screening and treatment) on the adult HBV epidemic, estimate the time for HBV elimination, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the interventions in China., Methods: A deterministic compartmental model was developed to project the HBV epidemic from 2022 to 2050 and estimate the time to meet elimination targets under four intervention scenarios. Cost-effectiveness was calculated using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, i.e., average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER)., Results: Under the status quo, there will be 42.09-45.42 million adults living with HBV in 2050 and 11.04-14.36 million HBV-related deaths cumulatively from 2022 to 2050. Universal vaccination would cumulatively avert 3.44-3.95 million new cases at a cost of US$1027-1261/QALY gained. The comprehensive strategy would cumulatively avert 4.67-5.24 million new chronic cases and 1.39-1.85 million deaths, expediting the realization of the elimination targets forward to 2049. This strategy was also cost-effective with an average CER of US$20,796-26,685/QALY and a saved healthcare cost of US$16.10-26.84 per person., Conclusion: China is not on track to meet the elimination targets but comprehensive biomedical interventions can accelerate the realization of the targets. A comprehensive strategy is cost-effective and cost-saving, which should be promoted in primary care infrastructures. Universal adult vaccination may be appropriate in the near future considering practical feasibility., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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126. Clinical Characteristics and Economic Burden of Asthma in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
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Shang B, Li X, Xu Y, Ren W, Wang J, Xing C, Jiang S, and Sun J
- Subjects
- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Financial Stress, Administration, Inhalation, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists, Drug Therapy, Combination, Asthma drug therapy, Asthma epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic airway inflammation that produces a healthcare burden on the economy. We aim to obtain a better understanding of the clinical status and disease burden of patients with asthma in China. A retrospective study was carried out based on the computerized medical records in the Jinan Health Medical Big Data Platform between 2011 and 2019 (available data from 38 hospitals). The asthma severity of each patient was assessed retrospectively and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to Global Initiative for Asthma 2020 (GINA 2020). The results revealed that the majority (75.0%) of patients suffered from mild asthma. Patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) at emergency department visits had lower frequencies of exacerbations compared with non-ICS/LABA-treated patients. The incidence rates for 1, 2, 3, and 4 exacerbation of the patients treated with ICS/LABA are lower than those treated without ICS/LABA (14.49 vs. 15.01%, 11.94% vs. 19.12%, 6.51% vs.12.92% and 4.10% vs. 9.35%). The difference got a statistical significance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), two comorbidities related to asthma, were risk factors for asthma exacerbation. Finally, patients who suffered from exacerbations produced a heavier economic burden compared to the patients who never suffered exacerbations (mean costs are ¥3,339.67 vs. ¥968.45 separately). These results provide a reference for clinicians and patients to obtain a better treatment and therapy strategy management for people living with asthma.
- Published
- 2023
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127. Trends in incident diagnoses and drug prescriptions for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an 18-month follow-up study based on the UK Biobank.
- Author
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Wang Y, Ge F, Wang J, Yang H, Han X, Ying Z, Hu Y, Sun Y, Qu Y, Aspelund T, Hauksdóttir A, Zoega H, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, and Song H
- Subjects
- Humans, Follow-Up Studies, Pandemics, Biological Specimen Banks, Depression diagnosis, Depression drug therapy, Depression epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Anxiety diagnosis, Anxiety drug therapy, Anxiety epidemiology, Drug Prescriptions, United Kingdom epidemiology, Anti-Anxiety Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Serious concerns have been raised about the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population psychological well-being. However, limited data exist on the long-term effects of the pandemic on incident psychiatric morbidities among individuals with varying exposure to the pandemic. Leveraging prospective data from the community-based UK Biobank cohort, we included 308,400 participants free of diagnosis of anxiety or depression, as well as 213,757 participants free of anxiolytics or antidepressants prescriptions, to explore the trends in incident diagnoses and drug prescriptions for anxiety and depression from 16 March 2020 to 31 August 2021, compared to the pre-pandemic period (i.e., 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019) and across populations with different exposure statuses (i.e., not tested for COVID-19, tested negative and tested positive). The age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by month which indicated an increase in incident diagnoses of anxiety or depression among individuals who were tested for COVID-19 (tested negative: SIR 3.05 [95% confidence interval 2.88-3.22]; tested positive: 2.03 [1.76-2.34]), especially during the first six months of the pandemic (i.e., March-September 2020). Similar increases were also observed for incident prescriptions of anxiolytics or antidepressants (tested negative: 1.56 [1.47-1.67]; tested positive: 1.41 [1.22-1.62]). In contrast, individuals not tested for COVID-19 had consistently lower incidence rates of both diagnoses of anxiety or depression (0.70 [0.67-0.72]) and prescriptions of respective psychotropic medications (0.70 [0.68-0.72]) during the pandemic period. These data suggest a distinct rise in health care needs for anxiety and depression among individuals tested for COVID-19, regardless of the test result, in contrast to a reduction in health care consumption for these disorders among individuals not tested for and, presumably, not directly exposed to the disease., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
- Full Text
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128. The role of genetic predisposition in cardiovascular risk after cancer diagnosis: a matched cohort study of the UK Biobank.
- Author
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Yang H, Zeng Y, Chen W, Sun Y, Hu Y, Ying Z, Wang J, Qu Y, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, and Song H
- Subjects
- Humans, Cohort Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Biological Specimen Banks, Heart Disease Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases genetics, Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Background: Evidence is scarce regarding the potential modifying role of disease susceptibility on the association between a prior cancer diagnosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD)., Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study of UK Biobank including 78,860 individuals with a cancer diagnosis between January 1997 and January 2020, and 394,300 birth year and sex individually matched unexposed individuals. We used Cox model to assess the subsequent relative risk of CVD, which was further stratified by individual genetic predisposition., Results: During nearly 23 years of follow-up, an elevated risk of CVD was constantly observed among cancer patients, compared to their matched unexposed individuals. Such excess risk was most pronounced (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.90-5.69) within 3 months after a cancer diagnosis, which then decreased rapidly and stabilised for >6 months (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.19-1.24). For all the studied time periods, stratification analyses by both levels of polygenic risk score for CVD and by family history of CVD revealed higher estimates among individuals with lower genetic risk predisposition., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with a recent cancer diagnosis were at an increased risk of multiple types of CVD and the excess CVD risk was higher among individuals with lower genetic susceptibility to CVD, highlighting a general need for enhanced psychological assistance and clinical surveillance of CVD among newly diagnosed cancer patients., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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