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Objective: The "three certificates and three methods" is a combination of Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of sepsis proposed by Professor Wang Jinda, a pioneer in Chinese emergency medicine. The "Wei Qi Ying Xue" syndrome differentiation is a dialectical theory proposed by Ye Tianshi, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, for the treatment of warm diseases. The "three certificates and three methods" theory of "toxin-heat syndrome" (inflammation storm) to the "blood stasis syndrome" (coagulation storm) conversion mainly focus on the "Wei Qi Ying Xue" syndrome differentiation of the "Wei, Qi syndrome" to "Ying, Xue syndrome", and poison. The conversion of "toxin-heat syndrome" to "blood stasis syndrome" is a watershed in the progression of common infections to sepsis. The timely application of Xuebijing injection can cut off this transformation, which is one of the reasons why Xuebijing injection can treat sepsis.

The Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the main pest of sugarcane in China. The shortage of easily distinguishable morphological characters especially in early stage make it challenging to diagnosed and promptly take steps for pest management. In the present study, we described a PCR method for the molecular identification of based on barcode region of COI sequences between C. infuscatellus and four other sugarcane borer species. A 285bp fragment was successfully amplified from all life stages and different geographical populations. Sensitivity tests revealed that diagnostic bands were generated as low as the DNA template concentration of 5 ng/µl. Our work demonstrated a rapid and accurate way for the molecular diagnosis of C. infuscatellus., (© The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.)

Calamagrostis angustifolia is the dominant species in the typical meadow and marsh meadow communities of Sanjiang Plain. The study on its biomass structure and the N and P contents in its different organs showed that the biomass of different C. angustifolia organs in the two types of wetland communities was distinctly different, which could be described by Y = A + B1t + B2t2 + B3t3. The biomass of aboveground part and each organ presented single peak changing, with the maximum value of the latter occurred 15 d after. The F/C values were all less than 1, which was bigger in typical meadow than in marsh meadow. The total N and P contents in different organs of aboveground part all descended linearly in growth season, with the order of leaf > vagina> stem. The total N content in the roots of two C. angustifolia types was consistent, while that of total P was quite different. The contents of total N, NH4+ -N and NO3- -N, especially of NH4+ -N and NO3- -N, varied widely in different organs, with NH4+ -N/NO3- -N >1. Root was the important storage of N and P, but the storage of N and P in stem, leaf and vagina fluctuated greatly. The N/P ratios of two C. angustifolia types were all less than 14, which implied that N might be the limiting nutrient of C. angustifolia, and the limitation degree was higher in typical meadow than in marsh meadow.

In this paper, an incubation test with soil columns was carried out for 35 days to study the dynamics of DOC leaching from the organic layers (2 approximately 13 cm) of two meadow marsh soils, and the correlation of DOC release with soil respiration, NH4+ formation, and leachate pH. The results showed that in the first week, DOC release presented a fast decrease, and then held on a steady level, which could be well described by one order exponential equation (R2 > 0.96, P < 0.05). During 35 days incubation, the cumulative release of DOC from two test soils was 210.9 microg C x g(-1) and 506.58 microg C x g(-1), and the cumulative emission of CO2 was 679.64 microg C x g(-1) and 455.54 microg C x g(-1), respectively. It was suggested that in the course of incubation, the lower DOC release might be related to the microbial carbon limitation because of the greater CO2 production rate. A significantly positive correlation was found between DOC release and NH4+ formation (rXI = 0.886, P<0.05; rXII = 0.972, P<0.01), while no significant correlation was observed between DOC release and leachate pH. Multiple regression analysis showed that the nitrogen mineralization potential of meadow marsh soil was the main factor affecting DOC production.

Based on the methods of sampling in winter and dividing soil layer on the site, the vertical distribution character of normal amount nutrient elements N, P, Mg, Ca, Fe and nutrient trace elements Cu, Zn, Mn, B in peat of river bed-flood land and valley depression land in the Sanjiang Plain was studied systematically. The results showed that TN was accumulated in surface layer of peat, and TP was accumulated in root layer. The contents of TN and TP were decreased with the section depth increasing. Zn, Mn, B, Mg and Fe were gathered in root layer and accumulated sharply in gley horizon of silt sub-clay, and the content of Ca was regular relatively in each layer of section. There were close correlations among some nutrient elements in peat section.

In this thesis, based on field sampling and indoor integrated analysis with GIS technology, the impact of lead pollution in the atmosphere, dust, soil on the children was explored systemically. Results showed that, Lead exposure in environment was widely distributed and Lead pollution was serious in Shenyang city. The spatial variations of Lead, with four high content centers in the soil, dust and atmosphere, were distinct in all the environmental media. Moreover, there were daily, seasonal and annual variations in the atmosphere. The impact of lead pollution in environment on children health was serious in Shenyang city. The blood lead content of the children (ZPP > 2.3 mumol/L) with the age of 0-10 ranged from 10.98 to 511.2 micrograms/L, and the average of 135.59 micrograms/L. The blood content of 40% children was beyond the normal standard. And correlative degree of lead contents between in blood and in atmosphere was highest, secondly in soil, and last in dust. With the implication of non-lead gasoline the lead content in the atmosphere had declined greatly. Along with the flying dust, the lead in the soil and dust was likely to entering into the atmosphere to bring out potential pollution risk.

Based on the theory and methods of regional eco-risk assessment (REA), the eco-risk of forest resources in northeast China is evaluated. The stresses resulting in the eco-risk of forest resources are physical, chemical, biological and social stresses. The weighed coefficient is 0.30, 0.22, 0.11 and 0.37, respectively. In 93 forest bureaus of this area, 64.4% bureaus are in slight risk, 21.2% in mid-risk, 13.3% in high risk and 1.1% in very high risk. This is in corresponding with the skew normal distribution. The eco-risk of forest resources in northeast China is closely related to the locality of the resources. The risk becomes more and more serious from east to west. The risk management and restoration of the forest resource must be strengthened.

Using the methods of sampling in winter and the dividing soil layers in soil profiles, the characteristics of TN, NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N concentration distribution in peat sediments of river bed-flood land and valley depression land in Sanjiang Plain where is the most extensive freshwater marsh wetland in China were systematically studied. The results showed that NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N was obviously accumulated in Asc layer, and TN content in Hil layer was the highest with the comparing to other layers. TN content in peat sediments was obviously increased with the peat particular size decreasing, NH4(+)-N was mainly distributed in peat component with 0.149-0.074 mm size, and the most of NO3(-)-N was in peat component with 0.03-0.149 mm granule size.

N2O concentration and its flux were measured in Sanjiang Plain wetland, from August to September in 2001, by using in situ closed chamber technique. The results showed that the mean N2O concentration above the ground was 281.7 x 10(-9) m3/m3, lower than the atmospheric N2O background, indicating the wetland maybe one of the important N2O sinks which scientists hadn't pay much attention to in the past. Four observation sites: Cares lasiocarpa, Alamagrostis angustifolia (I, II) and wheat land(had been harvested and in follow) were chosen according to water content and plant. The daily N2O emission models at four sites were different from each other, except site of wheat land emitted N2O persistently all day, the other sites emitted and absorbed alternately in one day. Temperature was the crucial factor for the diurnal variation. The mean N2O flux at four sites from August to September was 0.22 microgram/(m2.h), 1.75 microgram/(m2.h), 1.31 micrograms/(m2.h), 4.86 micrograms/(m2.h), respectively. Eh was the key factor for N2O emission characteristic in Sanjiang Plain wetland, and water content was another important factor.