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Flexibility has increasingly gained attention within the field of electrification and energy transition where a common objective is to reduce the electricity consumption peaks. However, flexibility can increase the risk of grid congestion depending on where and when and it is used, thus an overall system perspective needs to be considered to ensure an effective energy transition. This paper presents a framework to assess electricity users' contributions to grid load peaks by splitting electricity consumption data into subsets based on time and temperature. The data in each subset is separately correlated with the grid load using three correlation measures to assess how the user's consumption changes at the same time as typical grid peak loads occur. The framework is implemented on four different types of business activities at Uppsala municipality in Sweden, which is a large public entity, to explore their behaviors and assess their grid peak load contributions. The results of this study conclude that all four activities generally contribute to the grid peak loads, but that differences exist. These differences are not visible without splitting the data, and not doing so can lead to unrepresentative conclusions. The presented framework can identify activities that contribute the most to unfavorable grid peaks, providing a tool for decision-makers to enable an accelerated energy transition.

Efforts to understand the complexities of human biology encompass multidimensional aspects, with proteins emerging as crucial components. However, studying the human ovary introduces unique challenges due to its complex dynamics and changes over a lifetime, varied cellular composition, and limited sample access. Here, four new RNA-seq samples of ovarian cortex spanning ages of 7 to 32 were sequenced and added to the existing data in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database www.proteinatlas.org, opening the doors to unique possibilities for exploration of oocyte-specific proteins. Based on transcriptomics analysis of the four new tissue samples representing both prepubertal girls and women of fertile age, we selected 20 protein candidates that lacked previous evidence at the protein level, so-called "missing proteins" (MPs). The proteins were validated using high-resolution antibody-based profiling and single-cell transcriptomics. Fourteen proteins exhibited consistent single-cell expression patterns in oocytes and granulosa cells, confirming their presence in the ovary and suggesting that these proteins play important roles in ovarian function, thus proposing that these 14 proteins should no longer be classified as MPs. This research significantly advances the understanding of MPs, unearthing fresh avenues for prospective exploration. By integrating innovative methodologies and leveraging the wealth of data in the HPA database, these insights contribute to refining our understanding of protein roles within the human ovary and opening the doors for further investigations into missing proteins and human reproduction.

Title: International standards in sustainability reports: The differences in applicationbetween the EU and the USA. Level: Bachelor Authors: Anna Wallberg & Sofia Lundgren Supervisor: Jan SvanbergDate: 2024 – January Background: Non-financial accounting and reporting is relevant in today's societybecause society has become more aware and involved in sustainability issues. Researchers and decision-makers have difficulty agreeing on what is essential in nonfinancial reporting, thus different methods have arisen from different directives, whichresult in complicated consequences. Purpose: To analyze information within non-financial reporting in the US, and examinedifferences in the use of methods. The study is based on GRI standards against SASB'sguidelines. Method: The study uses a quantitative method and a deductive approach to examinenon-financial information from the US. Results & Conclusion: Policies and objectives are equally essential between GRI andSASB, however, a difference can be detected in the substantial effects that are reported. The study found a clear contrast in the materiality of the non-financial reports, and theydepend on the direction the standardization organizations choose to focus on. Contribution: The study has contributed to the research area by showing that there arelarge differences in information, regarding the substantial effects in environmentalreporting regarding the non-financial reports. Continued research: One recommendation is to carry out an in-depth study, whichexamines the underlying factors why companies choose not to report all substantialeffects in their non-financial reports. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility (CSR), ESG, SASB, Global reportinginitiative (GRI), Sustainability reporting, Titel: Internationella standarder inom hållbarhetsrapporter: Skillnaderna inomtillämpningen GRI och SASB:s ramverk i USA Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Anna Wallberg och Sofia Lundgren Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2024 - Januari Bakgrund: Icke-finansiell redovisning och rapportering är aktuellt i dagens samhälle pågrund av att samhället har blivit mer medvetet och involverad i hållbarhetsfrågor. Forskare samt beslutsfattare har svårt att enas om vad som är väsentligt inom ickefinansiell rapportering, därmed har olika metoder uppstått från skilda direktiv, somresulterar i komplicerade konsekvenser. Syfte: Att analysera upplysningar inom icke-finansiell rapportering i USA, samtundersöka skillnader inom användandet av metoder. Studien utgår från GRI-standarderkontra SASB:s riktlinjer. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ metod samt en deduktiv ansats för attundersöka icke-finansiell information från USA. Resultat och slutsats: Policys och mål är likvärdigt väsentlig mellan GRI och SASB,dock kan skillnader upptäckas i de substantiella effekterna som påverkar och rapporteras. Studien upptäckte en tydlig kontrast när det gäller väsentligheten i de ickefinansiella rapporterna, och dessa beror på den inriktningstandardiseringsorganisationerna väljer att fokusera på. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit till forskningsområdet genom att visa attdet finns stora skillnader inom upplysningar, när det gäller de substantiella effekterna imiljörapportering beträffande de icke-finansiella rapporterna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: En rekommendation är att uträtta en fördjupande studie,som undersöker de bakomliggande faktorerna till varför företag väljer att inte rapporteraalla substantiella effekter i sina icke-finansiella rapporter. Nyckelord: CSR, ESG, SASB, GRI, hållbarhetsrapportering

The European sprat is a small plankton-feeding clupeid present in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the brackish Baltic Sea and Black Sea. This species is the target of a major fishery and, therefore, an accurate characterization of its genetic population structure is crucial to delineate proper stock assessments that aid ensuring the fishery's sustainability. Here, we present (i) a draft genome assembly, (ii) pooled whole genome sequencing of 19 population samples covering most of the species' distribution range, and (iii) the design and test of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-chip resource and use this to validate the population structure inferred from pooled sequencing. These approaches revealed, using the populations sampled here, three major groups of European sprat: Oceanic, Coastal, and Brackish with limited differentiation within groups even over wide geographical stretches. Genetic structure is largely driven by six large putative inversions that differentiate Oceanic and Brackish sprats, while Coastal populations display intermediate frequencies of haplotypes at each locus. Interestingly, populations from the Baltic and the Black Seas share similar frequencies of haplotypes at these putative inversions despite their distant geographic location. The closely related clupeids European sprat and Atlantic herring both show genetic adaptation to the brackish Baltic Sea, providing an opportunity to explore the extent of genetic parallelism. This analysis revealed limited parallelism because out of 125 independent loci detected in the Atlantic herring, three showed sharp signals of selection that overlapped between the two species and contained single genes such as PRLRA, which encodes the receptor for prolactin, a freshwater-adapting hormone in euryhaline species, and THRB, a receptor for thyroid hormones, important both for metabolic regulation and the development of red cone photoreceptors.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess whether the choice between double embryo transfer (DET) and single embryo transfer (SET) in healthy women of advanced maternal age (AMA) was associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Materials and Methods: Healthy women aged 39-40 years who achieved live birth after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment between 2009 and 2020 at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm in Sweden, were included in this prospective, single-center cohort study. Results: A total of 310 women, who underwent IVF/ICSI treatments and achieved live births, were included in our analysis. Within this cohort, 78% of the women received SET, while 22% received DET. Nulliparity was common in both the SET (62.7%) and DET (85.3%) groups. Fresh embryo transfers were more prevalent in the DET group (91.2%) than in the SET group (31.1%). The rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension was higher in the SET group (8.3%) compared to the DET group (1.5%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, the DET group had a significantly higher rate of twin pregnancies (13.2%) compared to the SET group (0.4%). No statistically significant differences were observed in composite obstetric and perinatal complications between the SET and DET groups across all model estimates following different adjustments. Conclusions: While DET was more common in nulliparous women and associated with a higher rate of twin pregnancies, our analysis did not reveal significant differences in adverse outcomes between the SET and DET groups after comprehensive adjustments. Our study suggests that in the absence of co-morbidities, meticulous patient selection coupled with comprehensive maternal care can potentially mitigate potential DET-associated risks in women of AMA.

This thesis investigates an aerodynamic optimization of front lower wishbones on a FormulaStudent car using CFD simulations and windtunnel testing. The aim of the study is to de-termine weather a geometric optimization of wishbones is feasable and could enhance theaerodynamic performance of the vehicle.Siemens Star-CCM+ is utilized for the CFD simulations with focus on iterative design im-provments to optimize the initial generic airfoil shape. The CFD model is based on the modelprovided by KTH Formula Student. The model was also developed further in the initial stagesof the study. Turbulance transition model was investigated as well as the turbulance model toaccurately capture the near wall flow dynamics.In order to validate the results from the CFD model a set of windtunnel tests where doneinvolving a 13 scale model of the vehicle at various yaw angles.Some key findings from the analysis indicate that significant changes in the aerodynamicalcharacteristics can be made by making relatively small changes to the geometry of the vehicle.An increase of 2,1% was achieved which closely correlate to the accuired data which indic-ated a 2,2% increase.The optimization process highlighted the importance of developing CFD optimization tech-niques as they can make large contributions to the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles.This can be used in order to increase the performance of of vehicles in motorsport or reducedrag in everyday vehicles to reduce the energy consumtion.

Background: Anaemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency and screened by haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood. There is a scarcity of longitudinal data on the relationship between maternal Hb levels during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in children. Objective: To measure the relationship of maternal Hb concentrations during pregnancy on early child development. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 1,720 mother-child dyads in rural Bangladesh. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured at 14 and 30 weeks of gestation. The child's Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) at 18 months of age were measured using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-II). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, mothers' IQ and children's home stimulation were also collected. Bivariate and multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to explore associations of maternal Hb with child development. Results: Mean Hb concentrations at 14 and 30 weeks of gestation were 116.6 g/L (+/- 12.7) and 114.7 g/L (+/- 12.7), respectively. Mean MDI and PDI scores among 18-month-old children were 78.9 (+/- 12.4) and 93.8 (+/- 13.7), respectively. Maternal 14-week Hb concentration was correlated with PDI (r = 0.06; p < 0.05) and 30-week Hb concentrations was correlated with MDI (r = 0.05; p < 0.05). Multivariable adjusted linear regression analysis showed that an increase in 14-week Hb concentrations increased the PDI scores among boys (beta = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16). Hb concentrations at 30 weeks of gestation were not associated with MDI or PDI scores. Conclusion: Higher maternal Hb concentrations at 14 weeks of gestation were associated with higher PDI among 18-month-old boys in Bangladesh.

The decarbonization of the power generation and transport sector encourage the analysis of connection of distributed energy resources (DER), such as electric vehicles (EVs), to the electrical system, as well as the evaluation of their impact on smart cities. A better understanding of the negative impacts on the power systems will lead to propose mitigation measures and eventually revolutionize the way distributed generation works. This paper aims at modelling and evaluating the impact of EVs on a real distribution network. The energy system chosen operates at 60 Hz, 34.5 kV (medium voltage) and 0.208 kV (low voltage) and it is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. To reproduce realistic user consumption profiles, dynamic load profiles based on EV owners behaviour have been simulated. The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is modelled to mitigate the impacts of high penetration of EVs by supporting the network from undervoltage. The results show the importance of active management in modern power systems, especially considering the increase in DER penetration expected for the coming years. This work shows the benefits of implementing V2G technology while highlighting the challenges involved in a real case. This paper aims at modelling and evaluating the impact of EVs on a real distribution network. The V2G technology is modelled to mitigate the impacts of high penetration of EVs by supporting the network from undervoltage. This work shows the benefits of implementing V2G technology while highlighting the challenges involved in a real case.image

IMPORTANCE: Young women with breast cancer who have germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 face unique challenges regarding fertility. Previous studies demonstrating the feasibility and safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors included limited data regarding BRCA carriers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate cumulative incidence of pregnancy and disease-free survival in young women who are BRCA carriers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: International, multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective cohort study conducted at 78 participating centers worldwide. The study included female participants diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at age 40 years or younger between January 2000 and December 2020 carrying germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2. Last delivery was October 7, 2022; last follow-up was February 20, 2023. EXPOSURE: Pregnancy after breast cancer. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary end points were cumulative incidence of pregnancy after breast cancer and disease-free survival. Secondary end points were breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival, pregnancy, and fetal and obstetric outcomes. RESULTS: Of 4732 BRCA carriers included, 659 had at least 1 pregnancy after breast cancer and 4073 did not. Median age at diagnosis in the overall cohort was 35 years (IQR, 31-38 years). Cumulative incidence of pregnancy at 10 years was 22% (95% CI, 21%-24%), with a median time from breast cancer diagnosis to conception of 3.5 years (IQR, 2.2-5.3 years). Among the 659 patients who had a pregnancy, 45 (6.9%) and 63 (9.7%) had an induced abortion or a miscarriage, respectively. Of the 517 patients (79.7%) with a completed pregnancy, 406 (91.0%) delivered at term (≥37 weeks) and 54 (10.4%) had twins. Among the 470 infants born with known information on pregnancy complications, 4 (0.9%) had documented congenital anomalies. Median follow-up was 7.8 years (IQR, 4.5-12.6 years). No significant difference in disease-free survival was observed between patie

As the use of digital transaction grows, it brings with it an increased risk of fraud, affecting financial stability for both merchants and consumers. In 2021 alone, the global payment card fraud reached over $ 32 billion, with estimations indicating potential losses of nearly $ billion over the next decade. This study explores the effectiveness of different machine learning methods at detecting fraudulent transactions. Through a comparative analysis using a large data set from Kaggle.com, the study aims to enhance detection efficiency and accuracy, evaluating their performance using metrics such as accuracy, F1/score and ROC-AUC, The analysis not only focuses on technical evaluation of model effectiveness, but also considers how this aligns with real-world business goals and the bigger social and economic picture. Its about finding ways to use technology for good, making sure financial security is available to all. Being the base model, logistic regression (LR) got the lowest performance with 0.83 AUC-value compared to Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) and Dense Neural Network (DNN) which got 0.93 and 0.84 AUC-value respectively. Same order were conducted for the F1-score with LR achieving a F1-score of 0.34, the XGB model 0.49 and the DNN model 0.38. The F1-score is particularly interesting where it considers coverage of both classes, which in broader terms means that the model considers both that valid transactions are allowed and that fraudulent transactions are prevented. The study determined that the XGBoost model exhibited superior performance among the various models tested. However, it’s important for businesses to consider their operational constraints, particularly in terms of computing resources and budget allocations for cloud services or data storage. For organizations facing limitations in these areas, LightGBM presents an optimal choice. This model operates significantly faster than XGBoost and, while it offers a marginally lower performance, it still mai, I takt med att användningen av digitala transaktioner ökar, medför det även en ökad risk för bedrägerier, vilket påverkar den finansiella stabiliteten för både företag och konsumenter. Under 2021 uppgick det globala bedrägeriet med betalkort till över 32 miljarder dollar, och uppskattningar visar på potentiella förluster på nästan en miljard dollar under det kommande decenniet. Denna studie utforskar effektiviteten av olika maskininlärningsmetoder för att upptäcka bedrägliga transaktioner. Genom en jämförande analys med en stor datamängd från Kaggle.com, syftar studien till att förbättra effektiviteten och noggrannheten i upptäckten, där prestanda utvärderas med hjälp av måttvärden som noggrannhet, F1-poäng och ROC-AUC. Analysen fokuserar inte bara på teknisk utvärdering av modellernas effektivitet utan beaktar även hur detta samspelar med verkliga affärsmål och större sociala och ekonomiska sammanhang. Det handlar om att hitta sätt att använda teknik för det gemensamma goda och att säkerställa att finansiell säkerhet är tillgänglig för alla. Som basmodell hade logistisk regression (LR) den lägsta prestandan med ett AUC-värde på 0,85, jämfört med Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) och Dense Neural Network (DNN), som fick 0,93 och 0,84 i AUC-värde respektive. Samma ordning genomfördes för F1-poängen där LR uppnådde en F1-poäng på 0,34, XGB-modellen 0,49 och DNN-modellen 0,38. F1-poängen är särskilt intressant eftersom den tar hänsyn till båda klasserna, vilket i ett bredare perspektiv innebär att modellen både tillåter giltiga transaktioner och förhindrar bedrägliga transaktioner. Studien fastställde att XGBoost-modellen uppvisade överlägsen prestanda bland de olika testade modellerna. Det är dock viktigt för företag att beakta sina operativa begränsningar, särskilt när det gäller datorresurser och budgetallokeringar för molntjänster eller datalagring. För organisationer som står inför begränsningar på dessa områden presenterar LightGBM ett optimalt val. Denna modell funge

Restaurangbranschen är en hårt ansatt bransch med många utmaningar och egenheter, och har i praktiken sällan stöd av HR. Det lyder en konsensus i hur HR inte har en plats i branschen vilket väcker frågan om varför så är fallet. De utmaningar som identifierats för branschen har en koppling till just HR vilket ställer frågan om huruvida HR-aktiviteter kan råda bot på utmaningarna. Den forskning som finns sedan tidigare kring branschen är knapphänt och kunskap kring hur HR- aktiviteter ser ut inom branschen är icke befintlig. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga HR-aktiviteter för att tolka om de kan agera värdeskapande i restaurangbranschen, ur ett krögar- och medarbetarperspektiv. Studien utgår från en induktiv ansats. Kartläggning har genomförts via en kvalitativ fallstudie, i vilken fallet är hela branschen i en avgränsad region. Empiri samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en delad målgrupp bestående av dels krögare, dels medarbetare. Datan analyserades sedan tematiskt via tre teman och teorier. Studiens slutsats är att det finns ett värde av HR-aktiviteter i restaurangbranschen, vilket stöds av både krögarna och medarbetarna. I dagsläget utförs flera typiska HR-aktiviteter till stor del, trots en okunskap kring HR som ämne, vilket också stärker argumentet att HR-aktiviteter är nödvändiga i branschen. Studien identifierade fem aktiviteter som målgrupperna fann extra viktiga, och den fann även tre utvecklingsområden som branschen kan förbättras inom., The restaurant business is a tough and unique business with many challenges, and rarely has any support from HR. There is a consensus regarding that HR does not belong in the restaurant business, which raises a question regarding why that is. The challenges that has been identified for the business have a connection to HR, which also raises a question regarding if HR-practices can help solve them. The existing research about the subject is slim and knowledge about how HR-practices are performed within the business is non-existent. The purpose of this research is to map out HR-activities and interpret if they can add value in the restaurant business, from a managers-perspective and a workers-perspective. The study has an inductive approach. The mapping has been done by a qualitative case study, in which the case is the entire business in a limited area. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with a split target group, consisting of managers and workers. The data was analyzed thematically with three themes and theories. The conclusion of this study is that there is a value in HR-practices in the restaurant business, which is supported by both the managers and the workers. Today, several typical HR-practices are performed, despite lacking knowledge about HR as a subject, which also strengthens the argument that HR-practices are necessary in the business. The study identified five activities that both target groups found were extra important, and three areas that the business can develop further.

This study investigates the potential implementation of a microgrid at Dansmästaren, a multifunctional building in Uppsala, Sweden, comprising a supermarket, residential apartments, and a parking garage. This paper analyzes the load profiles of the various components within Dansmästaren and the Uppsala grid to identify overlapping peak demand periods that increase overall facility power consumption and contribute to grid congestion. Focus is given to the three days with the highest peak loads; the worst day for Uppsala’s distribution grid, the highest peak for the entire building, and the highest peak for the parking garage, representing the most challenging scenarios for the microgrid. The study explores how integrating smart charging capabilities for electric vehicles in the parking garage can provide flexibility to shift loads and mitigate peak demands during these worst-case days. A flexibility index quantifies the extent to which the parking garage’s smart charging capabilities can support the building’s energy needs and reduce grid strain during peak demands. The study demonstrates a high potential for demand-side flexibility in Dansmästaren, as reflected by the Time Flexibility Index values of 0.77, 0.79, and 0.72. These results underscore the effectiveness of smart charging strategies in reducing peak loads and enhancing grid stability. The findings suggest that more advanced approaches could further improve building sustainability, especially in light of Sweden’s growing adoption of electric vehicles. This study encourages innovative urban solutions and provides a foundation for future research.

Background:: Patients with cancer often have to make complex decisions about treatment, with the options varying in risk profiles and effects on survival and quality of life. Moreover, inefficient care paths make it hard for patients to participate in shared decision-making. Data-driven decision-support tools have the potential to empower patients, support personalized care, improve health outcomes and promote health equity. However, decision-support tools currently seldom consider quality of life or individual preferences, and their use in clinical practice remains limited, partly because they are not well integrated in patients’ care paths. Aim and objectives:: The central aim of the 4D PICTURE project is to redesign patients’ care paths and develop and integrate evidence-based decision-support tools to improve decision-making processes in cancer care delivery. This article presents an overview of this international, interdisciplinary project. Design, methods and analysis:: In co-creation with patients and other stakeholders, we will develop data-driven decision-support tools for patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma. We will support treatment decisions by using large, high-quality datasets with state-of-the-art prognostic algorithms. We will further develop a conversation tool, the Metaphor Menu, using text mining combined with citizen science techniques and linguistics, incorporating large datasets of patient experiences, values and preferences. We will further develop a promising methodology, MetroMapping, to redesign care paths. We will evaluate MetroMapping and these integrated decision-support tools, and ensure their sustainability using the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework. We will explore the generalizability of MetroMapping and the decision-support tools for other types of cancer and across other EU member states. Ethics:: Through an embedded ethics approach, we will address social and et

Background Despite progress in managing cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYAs), persistent complications may impact their quality of life. This study covers the morbidity and mortality, among CAYAs, with the aim to investigate the influence of socioeconomic factors on outcomes. Methods This retrospective matched cohort study included the entire Swedish population of individuals under 25 with cancer 1958 - 2021. The population was identified from the Cancer Register, and controls were paired 1:5 based on age, sex, and residence. Multiple registers provided data on morbidity, mortality, and demographics. Findings This survey covering 63 years, identified 65,173 CAYAs and matched controls, a total of 378,108 individuals (74% females). CAYAs exhibited a 3.04 -times higher risk for subsequent cancer (Odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.92 - 3.17, p < 0.0001), a 1.23 -times higher risk for cardiovascular disease (OR 95% CI 1.20 - 1.26, p < 0.0001), and a 1.41 -times higher risk for external affliction (OR 95% CI 1.34 - 1.49, p < 0.0001). CAYAs had a higher mortality hazard, and after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, males, individuals born outside Europe, and those with greater sick -leave had a higher association with mortality, while education and marriage showed a beneficial association. Interpretation The Rebuc study, showed an increased risk for serious complications among young cancer patients in Sweden. Patient -specific variables, demographics, and socioeconomic factors influenced mortality. These results underscore the impact of cancer on the health and lifespan of young individuals and the necessity for further research to address socioeconomic disparities in cancer care., Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS) , ALF Grants, Region Ostergotland; Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund

Idag lever en övervägande del av världens befolkning i urbana miljöer. Den ökade inflyttningen till städer bidrar till förtätning, med en minskning av grönska som resultat. Grönområdens positiva effekter på människors hälsa är sedan länge bevisad av forskning. Grönska bidrar till psykiskt välbefinnande och förebygger även olika stressrelaterade sjukdomar. Därför är det av stor vikt att grönområden bevaras och utformas med beaktande av forskning om vilka faktorer som bidrar till återhämtning och hälsa. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen kring hur förtätning kan förenas med rekreativa grönområden. Arbetet fokuseras kring Patrik Grahns och Jonathan Stoltz teori om åtta upplevelsevärden. Perceived Sensory Dimensions, som har betydelse för människors välbefinnande. För att ta reda på hur upplevelsevärden som förknippas med återhämtning kan utvecklas i urbana miljöer, har teorin tillämpats på två olika grönområden i Uppsala. Undersökningen ämnar att slutligen presentera ett antal åtgärder som kan bidra till ökad återhämtning i grönområden i städer. Valet av teori är baserat på ett intresse som väckts under studietiden på SLU, där många kurser har tagit upp teorin om åtta upplevelsevärden, PSDs. Det är en modern teori som bygger på den senaste forskningen inom miljöpsykologi och presenterades 2021 av Patrik Grahn och Jonathan Stoltz. I studien har man identifierat de viktigaste upplevda kvaliteterna hos grönområden i städer, genom flera kvalitativa och evidensbaserade studier. Utifrån bevis som har samlats in under en 35 år lång period har de presenterat åtta nyckelkvaliteter Perceived Sensory Dimensions, så kallade PSDs, som är särskilt viktiga för människors välbefinnande: naturlig, rofylld, social, öppenhet, kultiverad, sammanhållen, diversifierad, skyddad. För att ta reda på hur grönområden i stadsmiljö respektive stadsnära naturområden förhåller sig till dessa upplevelsevärden utfördes platsbesök i Stadsträdgården och Hågadalen-Nåsten naturreservat i, Today, most of the world's population live in urban environments. Increased migration to cities is contributing to densification, resulting in a loss of greenery. The positive effects of greenery on human health have long been proven by research. Greenery contributes to mental well-being and prevents various stress-related diseases. Therefore, it is of great importance that green spaces are preserved and designed based upon research on the factors that contribute to recovery and health. The purpose of this thesis is to increase understanding of how densification can be combined with recreational green spaces. The work is focused on Patrik Grahn's and Jonathan Stoltz's theory of eight experiential values. Perceived Sensory Dimensions, which are important for human well-being. To find out how experiential values associated with recovery can be developed in urban environments, the theory has been applied to two different green spaces in Uppsala. The study aims to finally present a number of measures that can contribute to increased recovery in urban green spaces. The choice of theory is based on an interest aroused during the study period at SLU, where many courses have addressed the theory of eight experiential values, PSDs. It is a modern theory based on the latest research in environmental psychology and was presented in 2021 by Patrik Grahn and Jonathan Stoltz. The study identified the main perceived qualities of urban green spaces, through several qualitative and evidence-based studies. Based on evidence collected over a 35-year period, they presented eight key qualities, Perceived Sensory Dimensions, known as PSDs, that are particularly important for human well-being: natural, tranquil, social, openness, cultivated, cohesive, diverse, protected. To find out how green spaces in urban environments and urban nature areas relate to these experiential values, site visits were carried out in Stadsträdgården and Hågadalen-Nåsten nature reserve in Uppsala. The study show

The discovery of exercise-regulated circulatory factors has fueled interest in organ crosstalk, especially between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and the role in mediating beneficial effects of exercise. We studied the adipose tissue transcriptome in men and women with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes following an acute exercise bout, revealing substantial exercise- and time-dependent changes, with sustained increase in inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes. We identify oncostatin-M as one of the most upregulated adipose-tissue-secreted factors post-exercise. In cultured human adipocytes, oncostatin-M enhances MAPK signaling and regulates lipolysis. Oncostatin-M expression arises predominantly from adipose tissue immune cell fractions, while the corresponding receptors are expressed in adipocytes. Oncostatin-M expression increases in cultured human Thp1 macrophages following exercise-like stimuli. Our results suggest that immune cells, via secreted factors such as oncostatin-M, mediate a crosstalk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during exercise to regulate adipocyte metabolism and adaptation.