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A sedimentological and geochemical study was performed on the travertines in the southern part of the Usak geothermal field, western Turkey, to assess the applicability of a fluvial tufa facies model in interpreting late Quaternary travertine deposits developed along the stream valleys that follow fault and fracture systems. Modern thermal (31 to 38 degrees C) springs are found on the floor of the valley between 480 m and 520 m above sea-level. The distribution and nature of travertine facies were determined from natural outcrops. Samples of the travertines and spring water were characterized using a range of geochemical and petrographic methods. Waterfall, slope and pool facies associations consist of various combinations of travertine facies and subordinate detrital facies. Waterfall and slope facies associations of the older deposits occur where the springs emerged onto a hillslope or topographic break. In contrast, the pool facies association developed in depressions or flat areas that were fed by thermal springs. The youngest generation (1.85 ka) precipitated at lower elevations than the older ones (147 to 153 ka). Stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of the Aksaz travertines range between +4.3 parts per thousand and +6.3 parts per thousand (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) and -12.6 parts per thousand and -7.2 parts per thousand (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), respectively. The high delta C-13 values suggest that the thermal waters were charged with isotopically heavy CO2 of deep origin. Based on palaeotemperature calculations, the temperatures of the palaeosprings are slightly higher (up to 44 degrees C) than the present equivalents, but sometimes the temperature is lower, probably due to mixing with the stream water. Although the thermal waters occasionally are impeded by fluvial activity, travertine precipitation occurs in the protected parts of the Aksaz Stream valley. This contribution highlights the applicability of the fluvial facies model for tufa for the interpretation of travertine deposits worldwide.

WOS: 000340297200002, PubMed: 24734898, In this retrospective study, we investigated patient characteristics and fetal and maternal outcomes of placenta praevia and accreta at two tertiary hospitals in Istanbul. A total of 364 pregnancies complicated by placenta praevia with (n = 46) and without (n = 318) placenta accreta managed between January 2005 and December 2010 were reviewed. Among 364 women, 46 (12.6%) had placenta accreta and 318 (87.4%) had placenta praevia without accreta. The rates of curettage history and caesarean delivery were significantly higher in the group with placenta accreta. Furthermore, we found that emergency surgery had negative effects on maternal outcomes in the placenta praevia group. In addition, when accreta was suspected at ultrasound examination in women who had placenta praevia, the mean estimated blood loss during surgery was reduced significantly. If placenta praevia is detected, a careful ultrasound examination should be performed and the patient should undergo elective surgery at a tertiary referral hospital.

In the Denizli Basin (Turkey), located in the western Anatolian extensional province, travertine and tufa deposition has been an ongoing process for at least 600,000 years. Travertine bodies, which are 30 to 75 m thick and each covers areas of 1 to 34 km(2), are up to 1 km(3) in volume. Today, spring waters in this area have temperatures of 19 to 57 degrees C, are of the Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 type in the Pamukkale, Kelkaya and Pinarbasi areas and the Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO3 type at Cukurbag. Thermal waters along the northern margin of the basin are generally hotter than those in the east-southeast and south. The delta O-18 and delta D values of the spring waters indicate a meteoric origin. The average temperatures of the hydrothermal systems in the Denizli Basin appear to have decreased from Pleistocene to Holocene. Travertine, which formed from the hotter water, is more widespread than the tufa that formed in the cooler spring waters. Deposition of the travertine, which formed largely on slopes, in depressions, and along fissure ridges (mostly on northern basin margins), was controlled by the interplay between various intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. The travertines are formed largely of calcite with only minor amounts of aragonite in some of the vertically banded, crystalline crust, raft and pisoid travertines found in some of the northern sites. The aragonitic samples, rich in Sr, are typically found around the spring orifices and along the central axis of the fissure ridges. The stable isotope values of the travertine found in the northwest and southeast parts of the basin are different. The delta C-13 values of the northern travertine deposits are more positive (3.7 to 11.7 parts per thousand. VPBD) than those found in the south-southeast areas (-4 to 5.8 parts per thousand VPDB). In contrast, the travertine and tufa in the southeastern areas have higher delta O-18 values (-15.2 to 7.8 parts per thousand VPDB) than those of the northern areas (-16.6 to -4.8 parts per thousand VPDB). Available evidence indicates that spring activity and associated travertine precipitation in the Denizli Basin were controlled largely by tectonic activity rather than by climatic conditions. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A description of four new species of Dolichopoda Bolivar, 1880 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from Eastern Aegean region (Southern Sporades), including Western Turkey, is reported. This brings to a total of 11 the number of Dolichopoda species recorded for caves of the Aegean area. Overall, these species show a high degree of morphological homogeneity and they are very close to D. paraskevi Boudou-Saltet, 1973 from Crete and D. naxia Boudou-Saltet, 1972 from Cyclades (Naxos Island). The Western Turkish species are morphologically not closely related to the other Anatolian species; this suggests an independent origin for the taxa occurring in the Southern Taurus and Black Sea regions. These new data help to better define the already high level of diversity of the Hellenic Dolichopoda and strengthen the hypothesis that the central area of dispersal for the genus would correspond to the ancient Aegean plate.

A description of four new species of Dolichopoda Bolivar, 1880 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from Eastern Aegean region (Southern Sporades), including Western Turkey, is reported. This brings to a total of 11 the number of Dolichopoda species recorded for caves of the Aegean area. Overall, these species show a high degree of morphological homogeneity and they are very close to D. paraskevi Boudou-Saltet, 1973 from Crete and D. naxia Boudou-Saltet, 1972 from Cyclades (Naxos Island). The Western Turkish species are morphologically not closely related to the other Anatolian species; this suggests an independent origin for the taxa occurring in the Southern Taurus and Black Sea regions. These new data help to better define the already high level of diversity of the Hellenic Dolichopoda and strengthen the hypothesis that the central area of dispersal for the genus would correspond to the ancient Aegean plate. This study includes data of the Project no° 2008.03.0121.002 which was supported by Akdeniz University Scientific Research Fund (Prof. M. Öz). The expeditions for collecting the cave crickets on the Aegean Islands (Samos and Kalymnos) were supported by the University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’ – Research Project 2008, n° C26F085LN7.

Volcanic–fluvial landscape interaction of the late Cenozoic Mt Kenya region in the upper Tana catchment has been reconstructed. The oldest newly dated phonolite flow is 5.78 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar), placing the initiation of Mt Kenya volcanic activity within the Late Miocene, much earlier than reported before, 3–3.5 Ma (K/Ar). The main body of the stratovolcano was already in existence around 4.22–5.27 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) supplying lahars to its lower footslopes. The final recorded volcanic main vent phase in the study area produced multiple phonolitic flows and lahars around 2.8 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar). There is evidence of at least two major Pliocene drainage blocking events between 3.89 and 2.81 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) causing lava dammed lakes in which volcanic tuff deposits accumulated. Around this time the river Tana did not incise much and shaped an extensive fluvial plain, whose remnants can now be found around 1150 m altitude. This fluvial plain has been incising during the last 2.8 Ma, whereby the incision rate changed in time due to changing uplift rate and volcanic events. A flood basalt eruption covering 1150 km 2 , estimated to be 5 km 3 , on the south flank of Mt Kenya of the Thiba basalts at 0.80 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) plugged the Upper Tana basin and caused significant drainage reorganisation. The Tana was diverted southwards abandoning its former valley. The terrace record in the Tana valley downstream the Thiba basalts appears to register this event as a post 0.8 Ma accelerated incision. Current Thiba valley morphology is relatively young and appears to register uplift controlled terraces with interbedded lahars for the last 300 ka only, indicating a delayed fluvial response of approximately 0.5 Ma. The landscape reconstruction demonstrates that the Tana was well able to compensate for many volcanic events such as lahars and lava flows. Only the build-up of a stratovolcano body and a large flood basalt caused prolonged impact on fluvial landscape development.

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International audience; Although conventional geothermal systems have been successfully exploited for electrical production and district heating in many parts of the world, exploration and development of new systems is commonly hampered by the risk of unsuccessful drilling. A major problem in selecting drill sites is that existing geothermal systems are generally poorly characterized in terms of favorable settings and structural-stratigraphic controls. In order to characterize the structural controls on geothermal systems in active extensional settings, we have analyzed numerous fields in the western Great Basin (USA) and western Turkey through integrated geologic and geophysical investigations. Methods include detailed geologic mapping, structural analysis of faults, detailed gravity surveys, studies of surficial geothermal features (e.g., travertine, sinter, springs, and fumaroles), shallow temperature surveys, and geochemical analyses. Our findings suggest that many fields occupy a) discrete steps in normal fault zones (e.g., Desert Peak, Brady's, Nevada, USA; and Simav, Turkey); b) intersections between normal faults and transversely oriented oblique-slip faults (Astor Pass, Nevada, and Salihli, Turkey); c) overlapping oppositely dipping normal fault zones (e.g., Salt Wells, Nevada, USA), d) terminations of major normal faults (e.g., Gerlach, Nevada, USA; Germencik and Kizildere, Turkey), or e) transtensional pull-apart zones (e.g., Lee-Allen, Nevada, and Canby, California, USA; Pamukkale, Turkey). These settings are typically associated with steeply dipping faults, involving conduits of highly fractured rock oriented approximately perpendicular to the least principal stress and commonly along or near Quaternary fault zones. General topographic features indicative of these settings include: 1) major steps in range-fronts, 2) interbasinal highs, 3) mountain ranges consisting of relatively low, discontinuous ridges, and 4) lateral terminations of mountain ranges. Surficial features, such as tufa towers, travertine spring mounds, and sinter deposits, are also associated with many systems. These structural, topographic, and surficial features may indicate hidden or blind geothermal fields, which have no surface thermal waters or steam (e.g., hot springs or fumaroles).

A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of leishmaniasis was carried out among children and adults from four villages and one district of Denizli province located in the Southern Aegean Region of Turkey where 14 human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases including 4 adults were reported between 1993 and 2000. Blood samples were taken from 329 children, 217 adults and 140 dogs and a physical examination was also done. Indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were performed for all sera. All 329 sera collected from children were found to be negative while 2 (0.09%) out of 217 adult sera were found to be seropositive. One seropositive adult patient was confirmed parasitologically as HVL after bone marrow aspiration and treated with AmBisome® while the other was followed only serologically because of the absence of symptoms. The overall canine leishmaniasis seroprevalence was found to be 20.7%. Sand flies were collected using CDC light traps in three out of five study sites and midguts of females were checked for promastigotes after dissection/identification. Eight Phlebotomus species were found in the region. Phlebotomus neglectus and P. papatasi were determined as dominant species with the ratio of 43.52% and 37.35%, respectively. No promastigotes were found in the midgut specimens. In addition, the results showed the presence of vector sand fly species, as well as a high seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania antibodies among dogs from rural and a suburban area of Denizli province with a large proportion of asymptomatic seropositive dogs.

Unlike earlier studies attributing the Kemiklitepe fossil locality to the Inay Group, the present study indicates that it is to be assigned to the Asartepe Formation that unconformably overlying the. Inay Group. This seems to verify the early Middle Miocene age of the Inay Group, previously determined by isotopic dating and palynological analyses. However, the early Middle Miocene age and the overall undeformed nature of the Inay Group do not concur with the regional two-stage extension model proposing a compressional phase during the Miocene/Pliocene interval. The correlation of the Asartepe Formation hearing the Kemiklitepe fossil locality further to the north indicates that a NE-SW trending fault was active during the Late Miocene. Recent Studies modelling the uplift history of the region are unconvincing because they ignore Late Miocene activity on the NE-SW trending faults and assume a timing of incision of the may Group after the Late Pliocene (similar to 3Ma) in their calculations.

A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of leishmaniasis was carried out among children and adults from four villages and one district of Denizli province located in the Southern Aegean Region of Turkey where 14 human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases including 4 adults Were reported between 1993 and 2000. Blood samples were taken from 329 children, 217 adults and 140 dogs and a physical examination was also done. Indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were performed for all sera. All 329 sera collected from children were found to be negative while 2 (0.09%) out of 217 adult sera were found to be seropositive. One seropositive adult patient was confirmed parasitologically as HVL after bone marrow aspiration and treated with AmBisome (R) while the other was followed only serologically because of the absence of symptoms. The overall canine leishmaniasis seroprevalence was found to be 20.7%. Sand flies were collected using CDC light traps in three out of five study sites and midguts; of females were checked for promastigotes after dissection/identification. Eight Phlebotomus species were found in the region. Phlebotomus neglectus and R papatasi were determined as dominant species with the ratio of 43.52% and 37.35%, respectively. No promastigotes were found in the midgut specimens. In addition, the results showed the presence of vector sand fly Species, as well as a high seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania antibodies among dogs from rural and a suburban area of Denizli province with a large proportion of asymptomatic seropositive dogs.

Turkish International Cooperation Agency.

International audience; We constrain the slip and cooling history of the Mykonos detachment footwall using thermochronometry. A U-Pb zircon age of 13.5 +/- 0.3 Ma dates intrusion of the Mykonos monzogranite. Ar-40/ Ar-39 homblende and biotite ages from the monzogranite are 12.7 +/- 0.6 Ma and 10.9 +/- 0.6 Ma, whereas zircon and apatite fission-track ages range from 13 +/- 0.8 Ma to 10.7 +/- 0.8 Ma and 12.5 +/- 2.2 Ma to 10.5 +/- 1.8 Ma. (U-Th)/He ages range from 13.6 +/- 0.6 Ma to 9.0 +/- 0.7 Ma for zircon and 11. +/- 10.5 Ma to 8.9 +/- 0.4 Ma for apatite. The ages in part overlap within 2 sigma errors and together with the long apatite fission-track lengths (>14 mu m) support rapid cooling at rates > 100 degrees C Ma(-1). The low-temperature thermochronometric ages decrease east-northeastwards in the direction of hanging-wall transport on the Mykonos detachment. Age-distance relationships show that the Mykonos detachment slipped at an average rate of 6.0 + 9.2/-2.4 km Ma(-1) c. 30 km of offset and c. 12 km of exhumation. This result indicates that Miocene low-angle normal faulting was not important for the exhumation of the Cycladic blueschist unit. The opening of the Aegean Sea basin in the Miocene was controlled by a few large-magnitude low-angle normal faults.

The Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous age mafic lavas from the Neotethyan suture zone ophiolites in western Turkey exhibit a wide diversity of geochemical signatures, indicating derivation from extremely heterogeneous mantle sources. The rocks as a whole can be divided into three broad subdivisions based on their bulk-rock geochemical characteristics: (1) mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) that range in composition from light rare earth element (LREE)-depleted varieties (N-MORB; (La/Sm)NN>1); (2) the ocean island basalt (OIB)-type alkaline volcanic rocks with significant enrichment in LILE, HFSE and L-MREE, and a slight depletion in HREE, relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB); and (3) the supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type tholeiites originated from arc mantle sources that are characterized by selective enrichments in fluid-soluble large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and LREE relative to the high field strength elements (HFSE). The formation of MORB tholeiites with variable enrichments and depletions in incompatible trace elements is probably related to the processes of crust generation along an oceanic spreading system, and the observed MORB–OIB associations can be modelled by heterogeneous source contribution and mixing of melts from chemically discrete sources from sub-lithospheric reservoirs. Evaluation of trace element systematics shows that the inferred heterogeneities within the mantle source regions are likely to have originated from continuous processes of formation and destruction of enriched mantle domains by long-term plate recycling, convective mixing and melt extraction. The origin of SSZ-type tholeiites with back-arc basin affinities, on the other hand, can be attributed to the later intra-oceanic subduction and plate convergence which led to the generation of supra-subduction-type oceanic crust as a consequence of imparting a certain extent of subduction component into the mantle melting region. Mixing of melts from a multiply depleted mantle source, which subsequently received variable re-enrichment with a subduction component, is suggested to explain the generation of supra-subduction-type oceanic crust. The geodynamic setting in which much of the SSZ-type ophiolitic extrusive rocks from western Turkey were generated can be described as an arc-basin system that is characterized by an oceanic lithosphere generation most probably associated with melting of mantle material along a supra-subduction-type spreading centre.

WOS: 000227239400001, The Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Aegean is dominated by widespread continental extension. The most prominent structures are E-W- and NE-SW-trending grabens and intervening horsts, while NW-SE- and N-S-trending faults form the other less important structures. This paper documents the results of recent geological mapping and structural and stratigraphical analysis from the Halitpasa half graben, which forms the northwestern continuation of the Gediz Graben. Field evidence for a new NW-SE-trending dextral wrench-dominated fault zone (here named the Halitpasa transpression zone), which involved the thrusting of pre-Palaeogene basement onto Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene sediments, is presented. The fault zone is correlated with the timing of a major unconformity that separates Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene lacustrine sediments (Develi and Halitpasa formations) from overlying late Early Pliocene, distal alluvial-fan sediments (Kizildag Formation). The field relations and mammalian data suggest an early Early Pliocene age for this unconformity. The manuscript therefore documents structural evidence for a compressive phase during the evolution of active continental extension in western Turkey. The deformation is attributed to the known Early Pliocene compressive pulse of the Aegean Arc.

Two known species (Distefanella bassanii PARONA and Distefanella cf montagnei SLISKOVIC) and also a new species (Distefanella tavassiana n. sp. ) of the genus Distefanella PARONA are first determined from the marbles of the Menderes metamorphic massif, around Tavas-westem Turkey. The specimens of the genus are found together with the rudists with palleal canals indicating clearly middle-late Cenomanian age. On the biogeographical point of view, the presence of the genus in the Cenomanian beds of Turkey, is a very important data showing a wide geographic and stratigraphie distribution of the genus in the Mediterranean province., Le genre Distefanella Parona (Rudiste, Bivalvia) dans le Cénomanien de la Turquie occidentale. Deux espèces connues (Distefanella bassanii PARONA et Distefanella cf. montagnei SLISKOVIC) ainsi qu'une nouvelle espèce (Distefanella tavassiana n. sp.) de Distefanella PARONA, sont déterminées pour la première fois dans les marbres du massif métamorphique du Menderes, dans les environs de Tavas (Turquie occidentale). Les exemplaires du genre sont trouvés avec des rudistes à canaux indiquant clairement un âge cénomanien (moyen-supérieur). Du point de vue biogéographique, la présence du genre dans le Cénomanien de Turquie, est une importante donnée attestant la vaste distribution géographique et stratigraphique de ce genre dans la Province méditerranéenne., Özer Sacit. Occurence of the genus Disiefanella Parona (Rudist, Bivalvia) in the Cenomanian beds of Western Turkey. In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 26, numéro 1-2, 1999. pp. 67-77.