Search

This study aimed to explore the effect of ultrasound-assisted pH shift on the structural and functional properties of soybean lipophilic proteins (SLP). SLP were modified under ultrasound (240 W, 20 min) and extreme pH (pH 1 or 12) conditions. The primary, secondary and tertiary structures of native and modified SLP were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), free sulfhydryl content, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and their functional properties were analyzed. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH shift resulted in the greatest changes in the structural and functional properties of SLP. The average particle size of SLP decreased from 5 245.33 to 447.13 nm, the ζ-potential value decreased from − 5.95 to − 18.53 mV, the free sulfhydryl content decreased, the α-helix content increased, and the fluorescence spectrum exhibited a blue shift and a decrease in fluorescence intensity. In addition, the solubility increased from 9.84% to 92.04%, and the emulsifying and foaming properties increased. Therefore, ultrasound and pH shift treatments have a synergistic effect on the structural and functional properties of SLP, and they are closely correlated with each other.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to understand the distribution of the species of Schistochila in Guangxi, which not only adding new data for the study of bryophytes in Guangxi, but also adding data for the conservation of bryophyte diversity in China. [Methods] Through recent field surveys and examining specimens of Schistochila from Guangxi Herbarium (IBK), the species diversity was determined by morphological observation and literature review. [Results] Ten specimens of Schistochila from Guangxi were found, and three species of Schistochila in Guangxi were confirmed, namely Schistochila sciurea (Nees) Schiffn.,S. aligera (Nees & Blume) J.B. Jack & Steph., and S. blumei (Nees) Trevis. [Conclusion] Schistochilaceae and Schistochila are reported as new records to Guangxi at the levels of family and genus, respectively. S. sciurea is firstly reported to the bryoflora of China. Description of S. sciurea and diagnostic characters of S. aligera and S. blumei are provided based on the specimens. Each species is accompanied by vouchers, distribution information, and a color plate.

This article deals with the asymptotic behavior of fractional lattice systems with time-varying delays in weighted space. First, we establish some sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Subsequently, we demonstrate the existence of pullback attractors for the considered fractional lattice systems.

The construction of ultra-wide working face is helpful to promote the safe and efficient mining of coal resources. However, due to the limitation of roadway space and construction conditions, the detection depth of conventional mine geophysics is limited, and the geological information inside the ultra-wide working face and within a certain range of roof and floor cannot be accurately obtained. In order to improve the detection accuracy of the water rich area on the bottom plate of the ultrawide working face and provide a basis for the processing and interpretation of measured data, based on the summary and analysis of current mine geophysical detection technology, the three-dimensional(3D) DC resistivity method that can be applied to the detection of the ultrawide working face, combined with the occurrence characteristics of limestone water on the bottom plate of the working face 21106 in a coal mine in Yongcheng, Henan, was systematically studied using a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and measured data to study the data characteristics and resolution ability of 3D observation and 2D observation modes. The research results show that: Compared with the traditional two-dimensional observation mode of the same side transmitter-receiver, the three-dimensional observation mode of the opposite side transmitter-receiver is more sensitive to the low resistance body on the floor of the mining face. The data obtained by the three-dimensional observation mode of the opposite side transmitter-receiver are calculated by the conventional apparent resistivity formula, the obtained apparent resistivity is sometimes opposite to the actual electrical property, so it is necessary to use the three-dimensional inversion method for data processing. Finally, the 3D model data observed during the 21106 work in a coal mine in Yongcheng, Henan Province was subjected to 3D inversion processing, and the reliability of the 3D inversion results was verified through underground drilling data. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the two-dimensional observation and three-dimensional observation data interpretation of the pole-pole device conditions.

Thesis writing is a biggest challenge for the part-time masters of education throughout the course of study. Based on the interviews with 13 part-time masters of education in S University, it can be found that the difficulties in thesis writing of part-time masters of education mainly stem from their insufficient time commitment. When it comes to the term "time", part-time masters of education need to coordinate two kinds of social time with different characteristics in primary and secondary schools and universities. Although part-time masters of education have some time freedom, it is difficult for them to control their time completely. Under the constraint of time, the characteristics of "part-time" degree require them to devote much of their time in primary and secondary schools. They have to prioritize their work in schools over postgraduate study in the university. As a result, the vague "academic study" gives way to the precise "practical work". In order to ensure the quality of part-time masters of education, the curriculum should be further clarified to help part-time masters of education make full use of their time and adjust to the "time difference" between primary and secondary schools and universities.

Traditional blockchain faces the challenge of storage scalability. Existing research has reduced the storage overhead of blockchain based on erasure coding theory, but it brings high computational and communication spending during the decoding and recovery of blocks. To solve these problems, a blockchain sharding storage scheme based on concatenated coding was proposed. By adding a pre-coding layer to improve the existing rateless erasure code, a decoding complexity of Οn was achieved. Considering the communication delay skew between nodes during the decoding process, a delay-sensitive sharding algorithm based on Metis was proposed, which cut down the communication expenditure in the decoding process by delaying weights to determine the shard ownership of nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only ensures the reliability of blockchain data, but also has lower computational and communication cost compared to traditional schemes.

In the telecom industry, accurate prediction of customer churn is crucial for the companies involved to maintain market competitiveness and increase revenue. To this end, a customer churn prediction framework combining CatBoost algorithm and SHAP model was proposed, aiming to improve the accuracy of prediction and enhance the interpretability of the model. Using the actual business data of a communication company in Xinjiang, the prediction model was constructed through data preprocessing and feature engineering, and five major key performance indicators were selected to evaluate the model performance. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the current mainstream machine learning prediction models in all the above evaluation indicators. Finally, the SHAP framework was introduced to enhance the model interpretability, reveal the key factors affecting customer churn, and provide the specific influence degree of the factors, which provided a scientific basis for telecommunications enterprises to formulate targeted customer retention strategies.

With the development of China’s digital economy, Internet traffic has shown a steady growth trend. In view of the problem that the uneven distribution of Internet traffic will affect the long-term stable development of the network, the methods of Internet traffic acquisition and identification were discussed. The network architecture for traffic collection, and the software architecture for traffic analysis were constructed. A feasible market-oriented strategy for regulating and channeling Internet traffic was proposed. The propoced strategy has achieved preliminary results through the practice of operators, and it provides a solution and reference basis to guide the distribution of Internet traffic in a proper way.

Shengli Oilfield has abundant oil and gas resources， with multiple types of reservoirs， and logging evaluation plays an essential role in exploration and development. The development history and the characteristics of logging evaluation technologies for reservoirs were systematically reviewed to celebrate the institute's 60th birthday. Summarizing experience and predicting the future have positive significance for the development and application in the professional logging field. A series of mature evaluation technologies formed in three types of reservoirs， including conventional sandstone reservoirs， complex reservoirs， and unconventional shale reservoirs， were systematically summarized according to the characteristics and evaluation difficulties of reservoirs. For conventional sandstone reservoirs， a highly applicable identification technology for oil layers was systematically developed， and an innovative method for establishing electrical standards constrained by the lower limits of lithology and oil potential was developed under multi-layer joint testing conditions. In addition， a pioneering logging modeling technology was proposed based on different diagenetic zones. Various technologies were developed for complex reservoirs， including logging identification of sandstone lithology in steep slope zones， effectiveness evaluation of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs， and identification and evaluation of oil layers with low resistivity. For unconventional shale reservoirs， a logging evaluation technology of reservoir parameters was preliminarily developed to evaluate the storage properties and oil potential mainly based on two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. These logging evaluation technologies for different types of reservoirs reflected the combination of wellbore data and geological understanding， as well as the integration of rock physics and logging models， and they demonstrated the ability of logging to serve geology and reservoirs and achieved good application results. In the future， the remaining resources will mainly be distributed in hidden oil and gas reservoirs and deep layers. In order to meet the needs of exploration and development， it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of experimental data， gas logging， and testing production data， combine logging evaluation and geology， intensify the application of new logging technologies such as logging while drilling， imaging， and nuclear magnetic resonance， carry out comprehensive research and evaluation， and expand the evaluation and prediction of production capacity of oil layers from the perspective of evaluation objectives. Moreover， it is necessary to fully rely on expert experience to select samples and deepen the application of big data/artificial intelligence on the basis of conventional technologies， which will definitely achieve good results.

【Objective】 Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are critical to maintaining agricultural production in most regions in China. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of water-nitrogen coupling under different irrigation methods on water and nitrogen use efficiency by winter wheat in attempts to provide an optimal irrigation-fertilization for wheat production in Henan province. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field with Jimai 22 variety used as the model plant. We compared two irrigation methods: wide furrow irrigation (F) and border irrigation (Q), each having three irrigation amounts by controlling the lower soil moisture for irrigation at 60% (W1), 70% (W2) and 80% (W3) of the field capacity, respectively. For each irrigation treatment, there were three nitrogen fertilizations by applying 120 (N1), 220 kg/hm2 (N2) and 320 kg/hm2 (N3) of nitrogen. Using the measured data and genetic algorithm, we optimized the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for jointly maximizing wheat yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, soil nitrogen residue and output-input ratio. 【Result】 ① Irrigation method, the lower soil water content for irrigation and nitrogen application all had a significant effect on water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity of the wheat, as well as soil nitrate residue in the 0-100 cm soil and the wheat grain yield (P

Cold stimulation has been shown to regulate glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, while also increasing heat production and energy expenditure in the body. Disordered energy metabolism is a key factor in the onset and progression of chronic metabolic conditiones such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recent research has unveiled the myriad pathways through which cold stimulation affects human energy metabolism. This article provides an overview of how cold stimulation affects energy metabolism across the three major metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it explores the implications and potential therapeutic applications of cold stimulation in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases.

ObjectiveTo provide scientific support for the compilation of high-quality anti-nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) medical textbooks in China by retrieving books in the field of biological weapons defense in China, summarizing the publication time and distribution of publishing institutions, and categorizing content and key points of related books.MethodsRelevant subject terms in the field of biological weapons defense were searched through the official website of China National Digital Library and other websites, up until December 31, 2023, and were limited to books. Topic analysis was conducted on the introductions and contents of the books using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The number of topics was determined based on perplexity, and topics were identified according to the intertopic distance map, followed by a qualitative description of the core content of each topic.ResultsA total of 104 books were included in this study, among which four were identified as higher educational textbooks. The volume of publications increased during the periods 2002‒2004 and 2020‒2023. Research institutions accounted for the highest percentage of publishers (37.78%), and 56.67% of the publishers were military institutions. The study identified six topics: "distribution, defense, and response to biological weapons", "category, diagnosis, and treatment of biological warfare agents", "response to biological public health emergencies", "status of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons internationally", "biosafety risk management and prevention and control", and "technologies and equipment related to biological hazard identification".ConclusionThere are few books in the field of biological weapons defense in China and the content is relatively outdated. In the future, the preparation of teaching materials should be aimed at practical emergency handling techniques for biological weapons, enhance the emphasis on biological weapons detection and biological warfare early warning, improve the fundamental theories at different training levels, and timely update the current research status in the field.

The adsorption characteristics of functionalized polystyrene resin for acetaldehyde and furfural in Baijiu were evaluated in comparison with those of other sorbents including activated carbon, diatomite, and AB-8 macroporous resin. The adsorption capacity of the modified polystyrene resin was 60.19 and 47.37 mg/g for acetaldehyde and furfural at 240 min and 323 K, respectively, greatly exceeding that of the other sorbents. Adsorption experiments were conducted on three major commercial flavor types of Baijiu, revealing less than 1% change in the total ester content of Baijiu before and after adsorption, so selective adsorption could be achieved using this sorbent. Its structure was characterized through elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore structure analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption mechanism of aldehydes and furfural on the functionalized resin was investigated using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The findings indicated that the adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich model. Based on the results of ΔG0 > 0, ΔH0 > 0, and ΔS > 0, the adsorption was a non-spontaneous endothermic process. As the adsorption process proceeded, the solution became less orderly, and the adsorption process was primarily governed by chemisorption. This research serves as a reference for the quality and health improvement of Baijiu.

High-strength aluminum alloy have become one of the most commonly used metal materials for aerospace and automotive application parts due to its high strength， low density， excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. Wire arc additive manufacturing （WAAM） has the ability to rapidly in-situ form and manufacture complex structural parts， and is very suitable for the manufacturing of medium or large high-strength aluminium alloy parts. The current status of high-strength aluminum alloy WAAM processes and equipment， the inherent properties and defects of high-strength aluminum alloy WAAM， and the main performance optimization methods were comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The inherent characteristics of the microstructure and properties as well as the impact of hybrid additive manufacturing technologies on the microstructure and properties were discussed. Opinions are put forward on issues such as metallurgical defects， characteristic performance requirements， the advantages and disadvantages of various optimization processes in WAAM. Development directions such as a comprehensive evaluation system， composition design and wire development， special heat treatment systems and synergy of composite additive manufacturing technology are proposed. Such proposals are expected to provide references for the performance improvement and application promotion of high-strength aluminum alloys manufactured via WAAM.

Current guidelines recommend limiting the rate of correction in patients with severe hyponatremia to avoid severe neurologic complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). However, published data have been conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the association between rapid sodium correction and ODS in patients with severe hyponatremia.

Objective To analyze the genome-wide profiles of H3K9 crotonylation (H3K9cr) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) in normal or deficient folic acid (FA) by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in order to observe the genome-wide changes in H3K9cr status and the regulated pathway genes under FA deficiency condition. Methods The mESCs were divided into normal FA group (4 mg/L, FA4) and FA deficient group (0 mg/L, FA0). Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) assay were used to detect the protein level of H3K9cr in the FA deficient mESCs and the embryonic brain tissues of neural tube defects (NTDs) mice, respectively. ChIP-seq technology was carried out for sequence identification of the obtained specific binding DNA fragments. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed and visualized by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, with the aim of analyzing the whole genome of mESCs with FA deficiency and validating the regulated genes. Results Overall H3K9cr level was significantly lower in the FA deficient mESCs and the embryonic brain tissues of NTDs mice than in the corresponding normal FA mESCs and mice (P < 0.05). Neurodevelopmental-related genes such as Bdnf, Pax6, and App were down-regulated in the FA deficient mESCs (P < 0.05). The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were concentrated in axon-guiding, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, glutaminergic synapses and other nervous system-related pathways. Conclusion FA deficiency in embryonic stem cells participates in the regulation of neurodevelopmental genes through modification of H3K9cr, suggesting that the modification of histone crotonylation may be involved in neurodevelopmental diseases induced by FA deficiency.

In VSC-HVDC system for new energy island， surplus power consumption in the system during fault ride-through （FRT） is achieved by employing grouped AC energy-dissipating resistors of equal capacity. However， the presence of an excessively powered resistor group can inflict severe impacts on the system. Therefore， a novel optimal configuration method for energy-dissipating resistors with different capacities based on progression conversion and the switching strategy are proposed. Firstly， the operational characteristics of the grouped AC energy-dissipating resistors of equal capacity are analyzed. Subsequently， multiple groups of AC energy-dissipating resistors with varying capacities， collectively equivalent to the total capacity of the VSC-HVDC system， are configured， and different combinations of the resistors are employed to obtain varying dissipating powers. Finally， a model of the integrated grid is constructed and validated using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method and switching strategy enhance the precision of resistor switching， mitigate system impacts， shorten fault recovery time， and precisely consumes surplus power during fault ride-through.

As China’s electricity market reform progresses， market-based customers can not only participate in medium-to-long-term markets but also engage in the spot market based on their electricity procurement needs. The decomposition strategy for long-term contract energy is directly related to electricity purchasing decisions in the spot market. To rationalize curve decomposition of medium-to-long-term energy of market-based customers and reduce their overall electricity costs， this paper proposes a curve decomposition strategy for medium-to-long term contract energy of market-based customers considering price uncertainty in spot market. Drawing upon information gap decision theory （IGDT）， it proposes two types of uncertainty analysis models—risk-averse models and risk-seeking models—to establish a quantitative relationship between the total electricity costs of market-based customers and the accuracy of spot market price predictions. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively support energy decomposition decisions for customers while considering price uncertainty in spot market.

The capacity of distributed photovoltaic impacts the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. Energy storage in distribution feeders has emerged as a pivotal solution for consuming distributed photovoltaic. However, it is challenged to balance the economic viability of energy storage investing and grid reliability. In response, a method of optimizing the configuration of energy storage in distribution feeders based on the new model of counter configuration of the renewables from energy storage is proposed, which takes into account both the economy and reliability aspects. Firstly, an economic model for optimizing energy storage in distribution feeders is established. Secondly, a grid reliability simulation is performed based on the results of the economic optimization of energy storage in distribution feeders. Finally, considering the comprehensive indexes of economy and reliability, the different nodes are evaluated for site selection using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the energy storage configuration scheme is determined by the cumulative distribution curve. The simulation results show that the consuming capacity of distributed photovoltaic in the distribution feeders is effectively improved, and better balance the economic viability of energy storage investing with grid reliability, which can be used as a reference for the reasonable determination of ratios of the energy storage for renewables.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in many human diseases. However, their role in the development of severe sepsis, a condition that remains one of the main causes of death in intensive care units, has not yet been defined. In this study, we interrogated the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in severe sepsis. We profiled the expression levels of 5,680 circRNAs in plasma extracted from blood samples of 9 severe sepsis cases or 9 controls (male, age 78 ± 7) using the Human circRNA Array. To enrich protein-coding genes hosting severe sepsis-related circRNAs, we conducted gene ontology and pathways analyses. Out of the identified 760 differentially expressed circRNAs, 404 were upregulated while 356 were downregulated (fold change [FC] ≥2 or ≤−2, and false discovery ratio

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and distilled water were used as raw materials, glycerol was used as plasticizer. The PVA/AgNPs composite films with different proportions of silver nanoparticles (0%, 1%, 2% and 4%) were prepared by solution casting method. The mechanical properties, barrier property and antibacterial property of the films were characterized. The suitable film was applied to the fresh-keeping of fresh noodles leaf, and its effect on the quality of fresh noodles leaf was studied. The results showed that 4% PVA/AgNPs films had better mechanical properties, barrier properties and antibacterial properties. The diameter of the inhibitory circle against Staphylococcus aureus reached 11.67±0.29 mm. PVA/AgNPs film with 4% nano-silver content was selected to preserve fresh noodles leaf and determine the quality changes of fresh noodles leaf during the storage period at 4 ℃. The preservation results showed that 4% PVA/AgNPs film could significantly delayed the growth of total colony counts, maintained the color, pH and acidity of the fresh noodles leaf during the storage period. Furthermore, 4% PVA/AgNPs film significantly reduced the cooking loss, improved the quality and the migration of the silver in the fresh noodles leaf, which the national standards. The above study showed that PVA/AgNPs film had the excellent antibacterial effect, and effectively maintained the quality of fresh noodle leaf and prolong the storage time, which can provide a new method for the packaging of noodle products.

The aim of this study is to enhance the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete through diverse measures in an effort to enhance solid waste disposal, reduce the consumption of natural aggregates, and broaden the utilization of recycled aggregate concrete. Six sets of fully recycled aggregate concrete specimens were prepared and subjected to rapid carbonation tests. Carbonation depth and compressive strength measurements were taken at different ages (3, 7, 14, and 28 days). Subsequent calculations and analyses were conducted on both parameters for each set of specimens. Results indicate that the incorporation of microspheres and high-toughness polypropylene fibers (HTPP) substantially improves the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete, leading to a 48% reduction in carbonation depth by the 28th day. Furthermore, a relative compressive strength model for fully recycled aggregate concrete post-carbonation was established based on the strength data of each specimen group. This model accurately depicts the growth pattern of compressive strength after carbonation. Additionally, a carbonation depth prediction model was developed through fitting analysis of carbonation depth data, effectively foreseeing the depth of carbonation in fully recycled aggregate concrete. Based on the carbonation depth, the carbonation life of fully recycled aggregate concrete was predicted. The carbonation life of recycled aggregate concrete with added microspheres and HTPP fibers can be increased by up to 278%. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the microstructure of fully recycled aggregate concrete, revealing the mechanisms by which various methods enhance its carbonation resistance. The carbonation resistance improvement technology of fully recycled aggregate concrete is selected through this study characteristics such as simplicity, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, which are crucial for the widespread application of recycled aggregate concrete in building structures.

Objective Grouting reinforcement is a common measure to reduce disturbance on existing buildings during tunnel construction. It is essential to focus on the design of GRM (grouting reinforcement mass) parameters in the engineering. Appropriate GRM parameters are crucial to ensure reinforcement effectiveness and reduce project costs. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and analyze these parameters based on practical engineering conditions. Method Taking the tunneling project of Wuyi Overpass Station to Xinxiu Park Station interval on Nanning Rail Transit Line 5 as example, the under-passing construction is classified by the position relation between existing buildings and tunnel. Numerical calculations are used to optimize the GRM cross-sectional parameters, and the stress mechanism of the GRM is analyzed. On-site grouting reinforcement is carried out according to the parameter optimization results to validate the effectiveness of GRM parameter optimization. Result & Conclusion Under-passing construction is divided into three categories: under-passing directly beneath buildings, side-passing Type I buildings, and side-passing Type II buildings. For the first one, the GRM should extend into the micro-disturbance area by approximately 1 m, with a grouting thickness of 6 m. For the second and third, the GRM should extend approximately 4 m beyond the close tunnel side and penetrate 4 m into the micro-disturbance area on the far tunnel side, with a thickness of 6 m. The stress mechanism of the GRM can be simplified to anchor beams at both ends when under-passing directly beneath buildings and to cantilever beams when side-passing buildings. Monitoring results demonstrate that optimizing the GRM parameters can effectively control building deformation.

Objective To achieve real-time temperature monitoring of BR (braking resistor) in metro vehicles without temperature sensor, a new temperature estimation method for this purpose without additional sensors is proposed. Method By analyzing the BR structure and heat dissipation process, a control body temperature model composed of BR unit and its cooling domain is established. Based on the law of energy conservation and Newton′s law of cooling, equations for the temperature of BR unit and the average temperature of the cooling air within the control body are constructed. According to the relationship between braking resistor value and temperature, the BR heating power is continuously updated and iterative calculations are performed to obtain BR real-time temperature. Finite element thermal simulations are conducted to obtain the BR temperature distribution under steady-state and transient conditions, validating the new BR temperature estimation method. Result & Conclusion By calculating BR heating power based on the DC (direct current) traction network voltage and the duty cycle of the chopper circuit, a software-only solution to substitute hardware is achieved, avoiding the need for additional sensors. This method, combined with the BR temperature estimation algorithm, enhances the reliability of BR temperature estimation. The temperature obtained using this new estimation method is consistent with the thermal simulation results based on Fluent software, with relative errors within acceptable limits, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method. The real-time BR temperature estimation method enables BR temperature on-line monitoring and can adjust the electric braking force command values of metro vehicles based on real-time temperature monitoring, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the traction drive system.

The hydrological regulation function of glaciers in different watersheds is different. This study took the Yanggong River Basin (YRB) and Urumqi River Basin (URB) as two typical cases, to explore the runoff change differences and their responses to climate factors from 1979 to 2017. In the past 39 years, the YRB’s annual runoff showed an insignificant trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the URB’s increasing trend was significant. From the 1980s to the 2010s, the YRB’s monthly runoff extremum occurred earlier than before, and the peak value decreased. The time of monthly runoff extremum in the URB has not changed, but the peak value is increasing. Both basins experienced an increase in annual temperatures from 1979 to 2017, with the rate of warming being more pronounced in the URB. The precipitation in the YRB had no significant trend from 1979 to 2017, and the significant increasing trend in annual precipitation extended in the URB from 1998 to 2010. The YRB’s runoff change was mainly influenced by the flood season precipitation, while the URB’s runoff increase was due to the temperature rise causing faster glacier and snow melt, and the summer precipitation change. In continental glacier basins with many glaciers, the regulation function of glaciers on total runoff is more significant.

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the main dietary patterns in Hechuan and clarify how they are associated with obesity phenotypes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted based on a baseline survey of a general population cohort study in southwest China. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the dietary habits of the participants in the past year. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify the main dietary patterns, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to describe the association between the major dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes.ResultsThree major dietary patterns were identified. The participants who followed the wheaten food dietary pattern had a higher likelihood of having metabolically normal obesity (MHO) (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.08), metabolically abnormal normal weight (MUNW) (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.00–1.16), and metabolically abnormal obesity (MUO) (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04–1.11). Specifically, those with the highest wheaten food dietary pattern were 1.60 times more likely to have MHO (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.25–2.05), 2.62 times more likely to have MUNW (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.28–5.37), and 2.01 times more likely to have MUO (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.51–2.69) than those with the lowest wheaten food dietary pattern.ConclusionThe wheaten food dietary pattern may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic abnormalities. Therefore, timely interventions should be carried out for this group of people.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by shaping a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which characters as lacking immune cell infiltration; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a member of the deacetylase SIRT family, functions as a desuccinylase of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and enhances the enzymatic activity of ACAT1 to activate the NRF2 pathway, inhibiting the secretion of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10, which are important for recruiting CD8+ T cells, thereby participating in the formation of an inhibitory TIME in EGFR-mutant LUAD. In conclusion, we propose that the combination of a SIRT5 inhibitor with ICIs therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD.

This review delves into pulsed electrochemistry, a new technique that is becoming an essential tool in the field of electrocatalysis and electrosynthesis. Unlike traditional potentiostatic methods, pulsed electrochemical approaches provide dynamic control over catalytic reactions, leading to better selectivity, efficiency, and stability across a range of applications. We examine the underlying theory of pulsed electrocatalysis and explore how waveform characteristics, potential, and pulse time affect catalytic processes. The review pays special attention to its application in key areas such as organic electrosynthesis, CO2 reduction reactions, and water splitting, explaining how pulsed techniques improve reaction conditions to boost yields and selectivity. Meanwhile, we focus on the technique’s impact on catalyst surface modulation, managing local interface environments, and addressing issues like catalyst deactivation and mass transfer limitations. Ultimately, this review highlights the transformative potential of pulsed electrochemistry in driving various electrocatalysis and electrosynthesis applications and sets the stage for future exploration and optimization of these electrochemistry systems.

The field of nanomedicine has emerged as a vital component in cancer treatment modalities over the past decades. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) at the nanoscale have become a novel and promising category of biomaterials in the field of nanomedicine. Their distinctive properties, such as low density, exceptional porosity, crystalline structure, remarkable thermal stability, versatile functionality, and biocompatibility, contribute to their significant potential in cancer therapy applications. This review firstly discusses COFs with various morphologies in theranostic applications. The primary morphologies of COFs for tumors treatment can be categorized into four types: nanospheres, nanosheets, nano-rods/tubes and nanoparticles. Furthermore, we review recent research articles and systematically discuss recent advancements in COFs for chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and combination therapy. In conclusion, we outline the current obstacles and potential future directions for this distinctive research area.

As an important marine science and technology city in China, Dalian has a superior geographical location, rich marine resources, and huge development potential. In order to promote the development of ecological function in the southern sea area of Dalian and guarantee sustainable development, this paper analyzes the ecological environment status quo of the southern sea area of Dalian, puts forward the problems of marine resources development and discusses the feasibility and necessity of ecological development in the sea area. Additionally, this paper summarizes the concept of domestic and foreign sea area development, draws references from and compares the classic practices of marine protection, and proposes effective prevention and control countermeasures for ecological environment protection in the southern sea area of Dalian. The study also proposes an ecological development model for the southern Dalian sea area. This model is based on the synergistic cooperation between overall development and special research, the two-way flow of eco-tourism and cultural innovation, the complementary assessment mechanism and environmental monitoring, and the symbiotic development of environmental restoration and recreational fishery. The results of the study can provide a useful reference for the scientific and standardized construction of the southern sea area of Dalian. It can also promote the ecological development of the southern sea area of Dalian, provide a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of the marine economy, promote the coordinated development of the regional economic construction and the marine ecological construction, and promote the construction of the beautiful Dalian and the ocean center city.

To address the issue where the resource limitations of wireless devices caused state extraction delays that cannot meet the freshness requirements of real-time applications, considering the limited processing capacity of edge nodes, a scheduling method that jointly considered information freshness and real-time performance was proposed. This method initially characterized the task delay before computation and the information freshness after computation by utilizing the system time of the queue and the age of information, respectively. Simultaneously, reasonable deadlines were assigned to each offloaded task to ensure their validity before entering the computation process. Then, the minimum processing rate constraint method was employed to restrict the processing rate during task scheduling, thereby ensuring the real-time nature of task scheduling. Finally, the objective of optimizing long-term task scheduling decisions was achieved based on Lyapunov optimization techniques. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in both scheduling timeliness and system information freshness.

The acceleration of digital transformation has made data a core element driving technological innovation and economic growth. However, the widespread phenomenon of data island severely hinders data circulation and collaboration across different fields and organizations, making it difficult for data supply to meet the diverse needs of users, thus creating a dilemma in matching data supply and demand. Serving as the core link in the federated ecology and an important window for external empowerment, federated services provide an innovative solution for data circulation and utilization under the principle of distributed data co-governance, thereby enabling the intelligent matching of supply and demand. Firstly, this paper delves into the pivotal role of federated services within the federated ecology, and examines the relationship between federated services and federated ecology's key components. Secondly, it presents a five-layer basic framework of federated services and discusses its core advantages. On this basis, the paper proposes the key supporting technologies for federated services, including blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations and operations, large language models and scenario engineering, distributed computing and edge computing, as well as encryption technology and privacy computing. Finally, taking the supply-demand matching problem of data and scenarios as a case study, the paper illustrates how federated services achieve intelligent matching of demand and supply. The federated services proposed in this paper holds significant implications for constructing a smart service paradigm based on distributed data co-governance.

In recent years, the world has entered a period of vigorous development in intelligent computing. As deep learning models with huge parameters and complex structures, large model training requires fast synchronization of training parameters between multiple cards and servers, which imposes higher requirements on the bandwidth, latency, reliability, scalability and security of datacenter networks. The requirements and related key technologies of intelligent computing networks for large model training were studied, and the standard specifications, academic research, and case practices of intelligent computing networks were analyzed, in order to promote the development of intelligent computing networks.

Propellant refueling is important for long-term operation of the optical module in orbit. However, its thermal environment is harsher than on previous missions. Therefore, thermal control of the entire process is required. In order to solve the complex heat transfer of propellant refueling process, an integrated thermal model is established, which includes all the equipment such as the compressor, liquid cooler and loop heat pipe. The thermal analysis simulation and system-level thermal tests is presented. Firstly, the heat transfer relationship and temperature variation are analyzed by comparing the results of transient thermal analysis and thermal test in high and low temperature conditions. Then, a variable thermal conductivity simulation method is studied for the transient process from inoperative to operative of the vertical heat pipe due to gravitational factors in the thermal test. Finally, an optimized design scheme for high temperature refueling is proposed and pre-demonstrated in orbit. The results indicate that the transient simulation results are in a good agreement with the test results under the high and low temperatures, which verifies the accuracy and validity of the analysis method and simulation model. When preheating the compressor and starting two sets of loop heat pipes during on-orbit refueling, the maximum temperature of compressor is below 34.1°C, and the total power consumption of preheating is 50 Wh, which meet the design requirement. The investigation provides an important reference for designing the propellant refueling process in the docking of the optical module to the China Space Station (CSS).

ObjectiveTo explore the association between violent behaviors and emotions in individuals with mental disorders, to evaluate the application value of facial expression analysis technology in violence risk assessment of individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings, and to provide a reference for violence risk assessment.MethodsThirty-nine male individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings were selected, the participant risk of violence, cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms and severity were assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-Chinese version（HCR-CV）, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）. An emotional arousal was performed on the participants and the intensity of their emotions and facial expression action units was recorded before, during and after the arousal. One-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to compare the differences in the intensity of emotions and facial expression action units before, during and after the arousal. Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations between the intensity of the seven basic emotional facial expressions and the scores of the assessment scales.ResultsThe intensity difference of sadness, surprise and fear in different time periods was statistically significant （P

Abstract Sequential recommendation help users find interesting items by modeling the dynamic user-item interaction sequences. Due to the data sparseness problem, cross-domain sequential recommendation (CDSR) are proposed. CDSR explore rich data from a source domain to improve performance of the target domain. However, most of the existing CDSR methods are difficult to capture the temporal context of sequences and only learn user preference based on interactions of single domain, which leads to suboptimal performance. To address these shortcomings, we propose a channel-enhanced contrastive cross-domain sequential recommendation model (C3DSR). To be specific, (1) we design a feature extractor, which extends attention to the channel dimension, to extract the user’s channel feature and capture the temporal contextual relationships between sequences. Then we calculate the weights of each channel by using three SE-Res2Blocks and multiply it with the channel feature to obtain user preference. (2) We concatenate the user’s single-domain representation, the cross-domain representation, and the user features to make CDSR. Contrastive learning is leveraged to enhance mutual information between two domains. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the significant improvement of performance compared with other CDSR models on Amazon and HVIDEO datasets.

Cholesterol and its various metabolites are essential components of cell and organelle membranes, playing crucial roles in regulating membrane mobility, permeability, lipid raft formation, and signal transduction. Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol intermediates and their derivatives are involved in a variety of biological functions in immune cells, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, effector activity, exhaustion, immune surveillance, and immune evasion. Targeting cholesterol metabolism can influence the progression of various diseases, such as infections, inflammation, and tumors. This article reviews recent advances in understanding how cholesterol metabolic enzymes and metabolites regulate the physiological and pathological functions of immune cells during infections, tumors, and inflammatory responses.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of uterine artery blood flow associated with multiple parameters in the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study. Pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa were selected from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2017 to December 2021. The general information, past history, antenatal information[including pulsatility index(PI) of uterine artery, ultrasonic signs, etc.] and operation information of the pregnant women were obtained through the hospital electronic medical record system. According to the results of operation, the patients were divided into accreta group and non-accreta group. The diagnostic value of uterine artery PI associated with multiple parameters in the placenta accreta spectrum disorders was analysed.ResultsA total of 80 pregnant women were divided into accreta group(34 cases) and non-accreta group(46 cases) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Compared with the non-accreta group, the age of pregnant women in the accreta group(P=0.017) and history of cesarean section(P < 0.001) significantly increased, and the mean PI of uterine artery significantly decreased(P=0.006). There were significant differences in ultrasonic signs such as local interruption or disappearance of the posterior placental lower vocal cords(P < 0.001), abundant blood flow after placenta(P < 0.001), and interruption or disappearance or irregularity of the boundary of the uterus and bladder(P=0.003). The area under the ROC curve of uterine artery PI, cesarean section history and ultrasonic signs in the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders was 0.96(95% CI: 0.93-0.99), the sensitivity was 97.06%(95% CI: 91%-100%), and the specificity was 65.22%(95% CI: 51%-79%).ConclusionsUterine artery blood flow PI associated with multiple parameters has high sensitivity in the prediction of placenta accreta spectrum disorders, which is helpful in the early detection of this disease.

Wide-angle metalenses in the longwave infrared have shown great advantages over the traditional refractive doublets or triplets, due to light weight, CMOS compatibility, and low cost. However, previous endeavors have been plagued by challenges including a narrow waveband, large F-number, distortion, and spherical aberration. To address these problems, this study introduces two dispersive metasurfaces, placed near the front focal plane and upon the rear plane of a plano-convex lens, to correct optical aberrations. Utilizing this methodology, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an aberration-corrected hybrid metalens for thermal imaging in the 8–12 μm waveband, featuring an FOV of 24°, F-number of 1.2, and diameter of 12.2 mm. The developed hybrid metalens rigorously evaluated, exhibits Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) values exceeding 0.2 at 20 Lp/mm across the full FOV, and features an average transmission of 48.7 %, a relative focusing efficiencies of up to 42.1 %, polarization insensitivity and broadband imaging capacity. These results emphasize the potential applications of our system in diverse fields, such as camera lenses, autonomous driving, healthcare, and environmental monitoring.

In weak power grids， grid-connected inverters often suffer from poor robustness and significant harmonics. Moreover， model predictive control （MPC） heavily relies on system parameters， limiting its applicability in weak grids. To address these issues， a data-driven model-free predictive control （MFPC） strategy base on virtual voltage vectors for neutral-point clamped （NPC） three-level grid-connected inverters is proposed. Firstly， the MFPC based on virtual voltage vectors constructs numerous virtual voltage vectors through different switching sequences. Then， a cost function is utilized to pre-select and reduce the computational burden of the control algorithm. Finally， appropriate switching sequences are chosen for optimization to suppress neutral-point voltage fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates neutral-point voltage fluctuations and grid current harmonics， while exhibiting robustness to parameter variations.

The extraction of current characteristics from the opening and closing coils is a crucial method for monitoring the state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Based on the waveform patterns of the opening and closing coil currents in high-voltage circuit breakers， the paper investigates a corner point extraction method of current waveform based on local thresholds of curvature scale space （CCS）. Subsequently， the characteristic curves of current at actual corner points are used to precisely monitor the mechanical state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Calculations based on the measured opening and closing coil currents from high-voltage circuit breakers in a specific substation indicate that the proposed local threshold method of the CCS can accurately identify the waveform features of the opening and closing coil currents. The mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers based on the characteristic curves of opening and closing coil currents shows excellent results. The research findings can provide crucial references for the mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

Abstract Aiming at the reasonable width of the narrow coal pillar of a fully mechanized caving face and the safety support of roadway, taking the coal pillar in the section between 110503 and 110505 face of the Yushuling Coal mine as the research background, a model of the hard basic roof fracture structure of fully mechanized caving face is established through theoretical analysis, and the roadway with narrow coal pillar is analyzed mechanically. Combined with the geological conditions of the working face, it is concluded that the low‐stress area is less than 3.29 m. When the internal stress field of the low‐stress environment is considered in the roadway layout, the influence of mining and the essential roof hardness should be considered. The reasonable size of the narrow coal pillar is 3 ~ 6 m, thinking that the load borne by the coal pillar is less than the ultimate strength of the coal pillar. The limit equilibrium theory calculates that the reasonable width of a coal pillar is at least 4 m. The stress and displacement of coal pillars with different widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the 4 m narrow coal pillars are simulated and verified. Field industrial tests show that coal pillar and roadway surrounding rock deformation are small under asymmetric surrounding rock control. The research results have been successfully applied to engineering practice and can provide a reference for the research method of narrow coal pillar width under a hard basic roof.

The violent swinging motion of a payload imposes significant safety problems for the operation of offshore ship-mounted cranes (offshore cranes). We therefore propose a stable experimental hoisting platform for an offshore crane payload positioning system with a parallel cable-driven method (PP-PCDM), and an adaptive cable-drive anti-swing tension (ACAT) control method based on the PP-PCDM is developed to resolve the problem of swinging of the payload by limiting its spatial position. The PP-PCDM enables synchronous tracking of the movement of the payload when the crane is working. When the payload deviates from a stable state due to an external disturbance, the anti-swing cables are immediately retracted or released based on the feedback signal. The spatial position of the payload is then limited by adjusting the length and tension of the parallel cables until the payload appears stationary from the perspective of the ship’s deck. Operational safety and efficiency is substantially improved, and the proposed PP-PCDM structure and ACAT control method can be applied to a variety of different types of cranes. The results of simulations and physical experiments show that the anti-swing effect exceeds 89.86%. The PP-PCDM enables excellent performance of synchronous tracking and hoisting assistance, and ensures that the rated lifting weight of the offshore crane is not affected.

Nanocellulose derived from plant cell wall, due to its unlimited sources, is regarded as a next-generation green material for the automotive industry because of its high tensile strength (≥3 GPa), high elasticity modulus (110–220 GPa), and low density (1.6 g/cm3). This study first introduces the structural characteristics, preparation techniques, and mechanical properties of nanocellulose. Then, three types of nanocellulose composites, including nanocellulose directly reinforced polymers, hybrid fiber-cellulose composites, and all cellulose composites (ACCs), are reviewed. The corresponding preparation techniques, material properties, reinforcement mechanisms of nanocellulose, and application limitations are discussed in detail. To overcome the insufficient mechanical properties of nanocellulose directly reinforced polymers and ACCs toward the manufacture of automobile structural components, self-assembly techniques prove to be effective to prepare macroscopic fibers by first aligning nanocellulose and then assembling them into continuous micro-size fibers. We reviewed different self-assembly techniques and multiscale modeling techniques of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) assembled microfibers. Furthermore, we proposed a finite element or finite volume technique-based micromechanics framework to predict the homogenized responses of CNFs assembled microfibers, which serve as a fundamental layer to construct a multiscale modeling strategy toward CNFs assembled microfiber-based composite structures. The proposed multiscale modeling strategy is expected to greatly facilitate the development of CNFs assembled microfiber-based composite structures and significantly advance the application of nanocellulose in automotive structural applications.

Objective Construction of new tunnel in water-rich mixed granite stratum is significantly affected by groundwater, so ground pre-grouting is usually adopted to form a waterproof curtain in order to reduce the effect of groundwater on the tunnel construction process. However, the design parameters of the waterproof curtain are selected mostly on the basis of experience, probably leading to phenomena like poor waterproof result, excessive ground settlement caused by significant water level decrease, and sudden water inrush around the tunnel. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design parameters of ground grouting waterproof curtain in water-rich mixed granite stratum. Method Based on the section project between Panyu Square- Nancun Wanbo Stations on Guangzhou Metro Line 18 and with orthogonal experimental design, the influence of waterproof curtain design parameters (curtain depth, curtain thickness, curtain permeability coefficient and distance between curtain and tunnel) on the grouting waterproof result is analyzed by numerical simulation. The SPSS software is used for multiple linear regression analysis, an empirical formula is fitted for selecting the design parameters of waterproof curtain, the optimal design parameters of waterproof curtain are obtained and applied in engineering. Result & Conclusion The influencing factors of the waterproof curtain are listed in order of influence degree as permeability coefficient, curtain depth, curtain thickness, and distance between curtain and tunnel. The optimal design parameters selected on site are as follows: the curtain depth of 58m, the curtain thickness of 2m, the permeability coefficient of 1×10-10 m/s, and the distance between curtain and tunnel of 0.5 m. The on-site engineering practice shows that after using the optimal parameters, the waterproof curtain performs well on reducing the groundwater level, the surrounding rock is stable and the excavation surface is dry during tunnel excavation, and the influence of groundwater on the tunnel excavation is effectively reduced.

Objective As modular co-phase power supply devices are used in Guangzhou Metro Line 18,it is necessary to study the energy-saving operation optimization strategy of the co-phase energy storage power supply system in order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of regenerative braking energy in the co-phase traction power supply system. Method With the goal of minimizing the daily electricity cost of traction substation to balance the node power,and constrained by operation characteristics of power supply devices and energy storage devices, an optimized energy-saving model of co-phase energy storage power supply system is established. Based on the measured load process data of a traction substation on Guangzhou Metro Line 18, the traction load process of urban rail transit is analyzed. CPLEX commercial planning solver is used to solve the above model and finally the optimal energy management scheme of the co-phase energy storage system is obtained. Result & Conclusion The energy storage power supply system with the supercapacitor connected to DC link of the modular co-phase power supply device works as follows: with the peak cutting and valley filling effect of the supercapacitor on the traction load, the regenerative braking energy utilization rate of the traction power supply system can be increased, saving the electricity cost of urban rail transit operators consequently. The test results show that compared with the traditional co-phase power supply system, the co-phase energy storage power supply system with supercapacitor can increase the regenerative braking energy utilization rate to 92.88%, and reduce the daily electricity cost by 9.65%, showing remarkable energy saving effect. increase the regenerative braking energy utilization rate to 92.88%.

The effects of stress ratio（R），loading condition，and MnS inclusion on the fatigue behavior of medium-carbon pearlitic high strength steel were investigated by the combination of rotating（frequency of 52.5 Hz，103-108）bending and ultrasonic （frequency of 20 kHz，5×104-109）axial cycling tests in high-cycle and very-high-cycle regimes. The study results show that all the S-N curves present horizontal asymptotic shapes and have clear fatigue limits. The fatigue limits（260-270 MPa）for R = −1 obtained by ultrasonic test are 140-150 MPa，which are lower than that（400-410 MPa）obtained by rotating bending，and the limit values for R = 0.3 are in the range of 195-205 MPa. For rotating bending，the fatigue fractures are originated from the surface matrix of the specimen，whereas for ultrasonic fatigue，both surface and interior crack initiation occur，and cracks are all initiated from MnS inclusions regardless of stress ratios. The influence of MnS inclusions on crack initiation and propagation is studied by finite element method. The side of elliptical MnS inclusions has higher stress concentration than the tip position，which leads to crack initiation from the side of inclusions.