Search

The theoretical and experimental application nature in multi-pair friction assemblies of the band-shoe brake of the combined brake bands is justified. The contact interaction in the pair «metal-metal» and the contact-impact interaction in the friction pair «pulley-straps» in multi-pair friction assemblies are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We've illustrated the interconnection of the rate of heating of the metal and polymer friction elements in the band-block brakes with temperature gradients on their surfaces and depth of materials under pulsed and continuous mode operation of the heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical case of a rare malignant tumor of the larynx, carcinosarcoma, is described. The features of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods: instrumental and morphological are presented.

Adenocystic carcinoma accounts for 3-5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck organs. Due to the rarity of detecting this cancer in the larynx, treatment options are still controversial: surgery with postoperative radiation therapy or surgery alone. Patient A. , 64 years old, turned to the City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1 in October 2019 with complaints of moderate pain when swallowing, sensation of a foreign body. Fibrolaryngoscopy revealed an exophytic form of growth bright red color formation with a small tuberous surface up to 12 mm in size in the area of the free left edge of the epiglottis. There was a thickening of the pharyngeal-epiglottis fold. Histological examination revealed adenocystic cancer. Diagnosed with Laryngeal cancer with cT1N0M0. On December 23, 2019, endolaryngeal resection of the larynx was performed using an operating microscope in the volume R0. This observation is of interest both in morphological terms (extremely rarely detected cancer of the larynx) and in terms of treatment (an organ-preserving operation was performed - endolaryngeal resection of the larynx).

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is an extremely rare neoplasm of the exocrine portion of this organ, which affects mostly young women and is characterized by a low malignancy potential and a relatively benign clinical course. According to the literature, even in disease progression as metastases, the overall 5-year survival rate is more than 95%. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with a solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor regarded as a metastatic neoplasm in the retroperitoneal space after surgical treatment previously performed in 2001.

Background: CD133 (prominin-1) is the most commonly used molecular marker of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that maintain tumor progression and recurrence in colorectal cancer. However, the proteome of CSCs directly isolated from colorectal tumors based on CD133 expression has never been investigated., Objective: To reveal biomarkers of CD133-positive colorectal CSCs., Methods: Thirty colorectal tumor samples were collected from patients undergoing bowel resection. CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells were isolated by FACS. Comparative proteomic profiling was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis combined with label-free quantification. Verification of differentially expressed proteins was performed by flow cytometry or ELISA. CD133-knockout Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing., Results: LC-MS/MS analysis identified 29 proteins with at least 2.5-fold higher expression in CD133-positive cells versus CD133-negative cells. Flow cytometry confirmed CEACAM5 overexpression in CD133-positive cells in all clinical samples analyzed. S100A8, S100A9, and DEFA1 were differentially expressed in only a proportion of the samples. CD133 knockout in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 did not affect the median level of CEACAM5 expression, but led to higher variance of the percentage of CEACAM5-positive cells., Conclusions: High CEACAM5 expression in colorectal cancer cells is firmly associated with the CD133-positive colorectal CSC phenotype, but it is unlikely that CD133 directly regulates CEACAM5 expression.

Using flow cytometry GD2 ganglioside expression was evaluated both on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and on tumor tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. The marker was found on EpCAM-positive tumor cells in 6 of 12 patients' samples but not on the HT29 and CaCo-2 cell lines. GD2 expression was not an exceptional feature of cancer stem cells, since its expression level was similar on CD133-positive and CD133-negative tumor cells. Thus, the presence of GD2 ganglioside was revealed on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells for the first time. This finding makes it possible to use targeted therapy to treat this disease.

Objective: Optimization of diagnosis and treatment of patients with solitary fibrous tumor of pleura, analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival, predictors of recurrence., Material and Methods: There were 66 patients with solitary fibrous tumor of pleura (26 men and 40 women) aged 57.6 years (range 26-80 years). Asymptomatic course was found in 29 (44%) patients, various symptoms - in 37 (56%) patients. Thoracotomy was applied in 36 patients, thoracoscopy - in 30 patients. Immunohistochemical examination included analysis of definition of Stat6 expression., Results: Benign variant of SFT was diagnosed in 50 (75.7%) patients, malignant variant - in 16 (24.3%) patients. STAT6 expression was observed in all cases. Postoperative morbidity was 9%, mortality - 1.6%. Recurrence was diagnosed in 2 (4%) patients with benign variant of disease and in 5 (31.2%) patients with malignant variant (2 of them died from progression of disease). Progression-free survival was 89.4%, overall survival - 95.4%. Predictors of recurrence are tumor dimension over 10 cm, necrosis and/or hemorrhagic component of tumor, mitotic count of at least four per 10 high-power fields., Conclusion. S: Olitary fibrous tumor of pleura is a rare mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm growing from submesothelial layer. Differential and preoperative morphological diagnosis of SFT is difficult and demands a special immunohistochemical examination with analysis of Stat 6 expression. Surgery is preferred for tumor de novo and recurrent neoplasm.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the trachea is an extremely rare non-epithelial neoplasm with only few cases published in the literature. We present a rare case of tracheal chondrosarcoma with extensive extraluminal growth. We operated a patient with obstructive tumour of the upper third of the trachea via partial sternotomy. Before surgery, a Hanarostent was put into the trachea to treat a life-threatening stenosis. Postoperative period was uneventful. We discuss the incidence, clinical presentation and treatment options in patients with rare tracheal tumours. In some cases, a multidisciplinary approach (endoscopic intervention followed by surgical resection) is an effective treatment tool., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)

The article analyses, on the basis of scientific publications and original data, the causes of erroneous cytological conclusion concerning samples of trepanobiopsies of mammary gland. The most prevalent benign affections that are characterized by most frequent hyper diagnostic of cancer are fibro-adenoma with proliferation of epithelium and sclerosing adenosis. At the same time, certain modifications of lobular carcinoma of mammary gland, tubular, papillary cancer as well as highly differentiated invasive carcinoma of nonspecific type from cells with ulterior nuclear atypism sometimes it is difficult to diagnose at the cellular level. The sensitivity of cytological diagnostic of pathology of mammary gland using samples of trepanobiopsies makes up 97.5%, specificity - 98.5%. The number of false positive cytological conclusions about presence of malignant tumor makes up to 0.6%, false negative - 1.5%. The reliability of cytological analysis makes up to 97.4%, efficiency - 96.3%., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The analysis of cytological analysis data demonstrated that cytological diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma was established properly in exact and estimated form in 92.8%. The cytological reports mentioned no alternatives. The cytological analysis system Vision Cyto® was applied to analyze cellular content by micro photos of cytological samples of 119 patients with established morphologic (histological and cytological) diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. On the basis of the received data training programs were developed concerning cytological diagnostic and detection of forms of disease. The gallery was organized concerning pictures of tumor and background cells playing key role in cytological diagnostic. The distinctive differential diagnostic indications of various forms of Hodgkin's lymphoma were established.

Background : Peritoneal metastasis (PM) develop in more than 50 % of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Median survival without treatment is not more than 3-7 months, and 8-12 months after modern combination chemotherapy. Innovative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Methods : Phase-2, open label prospective clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy of bidirectional chemotherapy for treating peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (PMGC). Treatment protocol included initial staging laparoscopy or laparotomy, 3-4 courses of systemic chemotherapy (XELOX) followed by Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) procedures every 6 weeks until progression of disease or death. Primary endpoints were overall survival and histological peritoneal regression grading score after rebiopsy. Results : 31 patients were included (9 men, 22 women, mean age 52 years), 24 with synchronous PM at diagnosis, 7 with metachronous PM after previous chemotherapy. Mean PCI was 13.8 (min-max 6-34). XELOX was administered in all patients and combined with 56 PIPAC procedures. Complete and partial pathological response was found in 60 % of the 15 patients eligible for tumor response assessment (4 and 5 patients, respectively). Median survival was 13 months. Conclusions : Bidirectional chemotherapy combining XELOX with PIPAC with cisplatin and doxororubicin is well tolerated, can induce objective tumor regression and is associated with a promising survival in PMGC.

The article presents summary information concerning application of "cell block" technology in cytological practice. The possibilities of implementation of various modern techniques (immune cytochemnical analysis. FISH, CISH, polymerase chain reaction) with application of "cell block" method are demonstrated. The original results of study of "cell block" technology made with gelatin, AgarCyto and Shadon Cyoblock set are presented. The diagnostic effectiveness of "cell block" technology and common cytological smear and also immune cytochemical analysis on samples of "cell block" technology and fluid cytology were compared. Actually application of "cell block" technology is necessary for ensuring preservation of cell elements for subsequent immune cytochemical and molecular genetic analysis.

The effect of water isotopic composition on concentration of oil-oxidizing actinobacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D cellular biomass is observed during cultivation in liquid nutrient media. The value for the effect was determined by experimental conditions, including consecutive use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nutritious substrates--saccharose and hexadecane. It is shown, that when Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D cells, cultivated in media with sucrose and 71 and 98 ppm deuterium content in water were inoculated into the similar in mineral and isotopic composition media with hexadecane, a considerable increase in cellular biomass production is observed if compared to a control sample in which water with 150 ppm deuterium concentration was used.

Majority of published data describing endocytoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa, but in recent publications, it is reported, that endocytoscopy is suitable for small bowel, colon, respiratory tract and even peritoneum "optical biopsy". In number of articles possibilities of celiac sprue diagnostics with endocytoscopy is discussed, but small-bowel endocytoscopy is limited, due to absence of endocytoscopes, compatible with enteroscopes. More widely endocytoscopy is used in colon, mostly in lateral-spreading adenomas diagnostics. Prof. S-E. Kudo developed endocytoscopic classification of colonic mucosa changes, used for differential diagnostics and lesion mapping, describing hyperplasia, adenomas with different grades of intraepithelial neoplasia, non-invasive and invasive cancer. Some authors reported about good possibilities of endocytoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease diagnostics. Most of data, related to respiratory tract endocytoscopic examination, focused on precancerous conditions and early pharyngeal and lung cancer, and the preliminary results are promising, but, unfortunately, for now, endocytoscopy in bronchial tree is limited, due to lack of thin endocytoscopes. According to some article data, it is possible to use endocytoscopy not only in gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, but also in optical confirmation of peritoneal tumor dissemination in gastric and ovarian cancer patients, and--in bladder mucosa examination.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. According to WHO experts in the world each year there are revealed from 800,000 up to 1 million new cases of breast cancer. In the structure of malignant tumors morbidity among female population, in Russia in 2012 breast cancer ranked the first place (20.7%) and remained the leading malignant pathology in women. Paget's breast cancer is a rare form of breast cancer that occurs in the mouth of the excretory ducts of the nipple, which characterized by lesion of the nipple and large ducts, often with the formation of tumor in the breast. This rare abnormality occurs in 0.5-5% of all cases of breast cancer.

Endocytoscopy is one of the most novel endoscopic diagnostic procedures, providing optical magnification up to 1150 times of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mucosa. Such approach allows real-time tissue and cellular structure visualization. Endocytoscopy, along with confocal laser endomicroscopy, can be considered as "optical biopsy" in vivo. Of course, endocytoscopy currently is experimental diagnostic method, all available endocytoscopes are prototypes. According to published data, endocytoscopy can be used in precancerous conditions and early intramucosal cancer diagnostics in esophagus, stomach, colon and bronchial tree. Different types of endocytoscopes are used for examinations: some of them are baby-scopes, with fixed magnification 570-1150 times, introduced into accessory channel of the therapeutic parent-endoscope, others--are integrated type, providing scalable magnification from 80 to 380 times. As for traditional pathology ex vivo, for endocytoscopy mucosal cell nuclei stain is needed. For vital staining during endocytoscopy methylene blue, toluidine blue and crystal violet in different concentrations are more often used. In cases of squamous-cell dysplasia or cancer, it is recommended to use 1% methylene blue solution, whereas in intestinal type metaplasia, dysplastic changes and cancer (Barrett's esophagus, P. Correa precancerous cascade, colon adenomas), 1% toluidine blue is preferred. With endocytoscopy, after vital staining, we can visualize and estimate mucosa tissue and cell characteristics: papillae, crypt and gland shapes and sizes, their integrity (tissue markers); cell nuclei size and shape, polarity and nuclear dye intensity (cell markers).

Aim: To develop endomicroscopic criteria of early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions, Methods: 157 suspected for early gastric cancer patients were included in our study. In all cases complex endoscopic examination (narrow-band imaging NBI-HD endoscopy, endosonography (EUS) and endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with precise biopsy) was performed. CLE images compared to pathology data., Results: Precise criteria of intestinal metaplasia in CLE was presence of oval gray goblet cells in epithelium. Gastric adenoma with moderate dysplasia appeared on CLE images as glandular structures in mucosa surface layers. The signs of high-grade dysplastic changes in adenoma were appearing of different shape and size cells with lost polarity. Well-differentiated carcinoma featured destruction of some glands and forming dark cell clusters. Revealed criteria of poor-differentiated carcinoma was total disintegration of glandular structures. Overall accuracy of CLE in early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions diagnostics reached 95,6% (P < 0.001). Selected accuracy in different condition was: 100% in intestinal metaplasia identifying, 86.1%--in adenoma with moderate dysplasia, 96.2% in high-grade dysplasia and cancer in situ, and 100%--in poor-differentiated gastric carcinoma types)., Conclusion: As the result of our study we have developed precise endomicroscopic criteria of intestinal metaplasia in stomach, gastric adenoma with moderate and high-grade dysplasia and early gastric cancer--as well-differentiated, as poor-differentiated.

Accuracy of endoscopic examination in early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions diagnostics for many years depended only on quality of biopsy. That's why, risk of overlooking gastric focal carcinoma, particularly-- multiple, was relatively high. Last couple of years new endoscopic method--confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) was released for commercial use. This approach provides real-time information about morphology of gastric mucosa during endoscopic examination. CLE is a variation of confocal microscopy--morphologic technique, providing examination of thick specimens or live tissue. CLE system is a single-channel fluorescence microscope, used in endoscopy, where confocal probe incorporated into endoscope or mounted into accessory channel. For proper results of CLE intravenous administration of fluorescence agent is needed. In our study in P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute we have used 10% fluorescein sodium, due to acriflavine use is prohibited in Russian Federation. In 157 patients with suspected early gastric cancer mean time of CLE was 24 ± 3.5 min. In all cases descriptive images were acquired. Mean amount of endomicrosocpic images in one patient was as high as 162 ± 8.3.

The article discusses the results of comparative study of traditional smears and three different liquid technologies of making ready of cytological preparations (CytoSpin3, E-Prep Processor BD TriPath) using material from 112 patients with pathological processes of such different localizations as exudative liquids (31), soft tissues (22), lymphatic nodes (18), mammal glands (20), saliva glands (7), lungs (9), thyroid gland (5). It is established that under joint application of liquid and traditional cytology the effectiveness of cytological analysis increases up to 3.3%-5% depending on localization of pathologic nidus. The implementation of liquid technologies expands the possibilities of applying immunocitochemistry and molecular genetics to cytological materials.

The techniques of flow cytofluorometry and immune cytochemistry combined with routine cytological analysis were applied to 81 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas to diagnose the malignant lymphomas and to determine their immune phenotypes. The accuracy of proposed techniques combination to diagnose the malignant lymphoma consists 98% and to determine the immune phenotype - 90%. The presented combination of routine cytological analysis combined with techniques of flow cytofluorometry and immune cytochemistry is the express-technique to diagnose lymphoma and its immune phenotype the day of patient visit to the doctor. This approach significantly increases the role of cytological method in diagnostics of lymphomas. The technique makes it possible to analyze simultaneously huge quantity number of lymph nodes, including deep-seated and not only the superficial lymph nodes.

The adaptation of techniques of molecular genetic analysis into clinical practice increased the possibilities of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer at early stage of disease development. The article discusses the results of cytological and cytogenetic examination of urine cells in patients with diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer. The sampling consisted of 44 cytological and 25 cytogenetic tests. The results of both methods of diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer matched in 12 cases. Besides, in 2 tests the carcinoma of urinary bladder was confirmed only by using molecular genetic technique.

Serous exudates were studied by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence immunocytochemical assays and by laser flow cytofluorimetry. The current high-tech techniques detect sparse tumor complexes in the exudates at the early metastatic stages, which are undetectable by the routine cytological assay, and also reduce the hyperdiagnosis of the tumor process. The use of a set of immunocytochemical markers can specify the source of metastatic spread when the primary tumor focus is not found. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry of the exudates has been shown to be highly effective and rapid during emergency intraoperative studies to clarify the extent of the tumor process.

120 patients with primary or recurrent soft tissue sarcomas were treated during 1995-2010 years. Analysis of clinical materials allowed singling out most frequent mistakes in diagnostics and treatment that had been made in 52 (43%) patients. High frequency of mistakes caused by rarity of disease, complexity in diagnostics and choice of adequate treatment tactics demands the necessity to concentrate these patients in medical institutions that specialize in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.