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102. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

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Bhangu, Aneel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Alexander, Philip, Al-Saqqa, Sara W, Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Drake, Thomas M, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fergusson, Stuart J, Glasbey, James, Ingabire, JC Allen, Ismaïl, Lawani, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L, Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Adisa, Adewale O, Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thomas, Poškus, Tomas, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Harrison, Ewen M, Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Jaffry, Zahra, Altamini, Afnan, Kirby, Andrew, Søreide, Kjetil, Recinos, Gustavo, Cornick, Jen, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexis, Kalles, Vassilis, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Amandito, Radhian, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donatas, Zilinskas, Justas, Poskus, Tomas, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H, Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Ortega, Irene, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Senanayake, Kithsiri J, Abdulbagi, Omar, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Mendoza Beleño, Alvaro Enrique, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F, Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Hamid Kanta, Tasnia, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Francis, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Imorou Souaibou, Yacoubou, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Ginbo Bedada, Alemayehu, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Stock, Simon, Jamal, Luai, Azzie, Georges, Kushwaha, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Montes, Irene, Zapata, Felipe, Sierra, Sebastian, Villegas Lanau, Maria Isabel, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza Restrepo, Ivan, Restrepo Giraldo, Ruben Santiago, Domini, Edgar, Karlo, Robert, Mihanovic, Jakov, Youssef, Mohamed, Elfeki, Hossam, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Tawfik, Gehad, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Abdallah, Emad, Denewer, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mamdouh Mohamed, Amna, Saied Nagy, Ghada, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Said Badr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Eldosouky Mohammed, Amany, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Samir Elbanby, Esraa, Elmasry, Maha, Morsy Farahat, Mahitab, Yahya Mansor, Eman, Magdy Hegazy, Eman, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Maher Abdelrouf, Doaa, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El-Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Abd-Elrazek, Aly, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Hassab Alnaby, Mohamed, Magdy, Eman, Abd-Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Ibrahim Mahmoud, Moustafa, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, Halim El Gendy, Noran, Saad Aboul-Naga, Mariam, Alaa El-Din, Reham, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Adel Elsharkawy, Aya, Elsayed Moghazy, Mahmoud, Hesham Elbisomy, Khaled, Abdel Gawad 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Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Hantour, Usama, Alm Eldeen, Esraa, Loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Mostafa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Eman, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Abdelaty Mohamed, Mohamed, Mansour, Salma, Abdul Aziz Amin, Hager, Rabie Mohamed, Ahmed, Saami, Mahmoud, Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Nada, Tarek, Adham, Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Sabry, Magdy El Sayed, Islam, Reda, Amira, Yusuf Shawky, Martina, Mousa Salem, Mohammed, Alaa El-Din, Shahinaz, Abdullah Soliman, Noha, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael-Dein, Shahinaz, Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Ahmed, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Abdelfatah Ibraheem, Aya, Abdulaziz, Hager, Kamal Ismail, Mohammed, Hamdy Madkor, Mona, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Sara, Mohamed Salah, Osama, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Zaki Eldeeb, Ahmed, Mahmoud Eid, Mostafa, Attia, 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Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Said Elkholy, Shimaa, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Khaled AbdRabou, Abdulshafi, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Mohammed Bakry, Hesham, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O, Salah Elhelbawy, Mohamed, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan, Semeda, Nourhan, Rabie Mohamed, Shaza, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel-Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Mamdouh Matter, Sara, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Ghanem, Sara, Amr Mohamed Farouk, Sara, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El-Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Mahrous Badr, Mohamed Fawzy, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El-Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel 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Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Salleh, Afizah, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Roslani, April Camilla, Chong, Hoong-Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat-Seong, Chai, Chu-Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Abdul Aziz, Dayang Nita, Rajan, Reynu, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Nik Abdullah, Nik Azim, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Ern Tze, R Goh, Wan Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S Y, Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Tuan Mat, Tuan Nur'Azmah, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca AL, Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Deva Tata, Mahadevan, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul 'Ain, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Doris, Tembo, Thelma, Hien Le, Vu Thanh, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro-Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Adeniran, James, Habeeb, Olufemi, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adebanjo, Ademola, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Osinowo, Adedapo, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chris, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Williams, Omolara, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Oludara, Mobolaji, Njokanma, Iloba, Osuoji, Roland, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mohammad, Aminu, Olori, Samson, Mshelbwala, Philip, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Samson, Garba, Kehinde Timothy, Oyediran, Ali Samuel, Sani, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Wiik Larsen, Johannes, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mads, Aahlin, Eirik Kjus, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad-Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedrius, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Monteleone, Michela, Moe, Thomas Tetens, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Butt, Muhammad Talha, ul Razi, Syed Asaat, Ahmed, Asdaq, Khan Niazi, Ali, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani-Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awais, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammad Asim, Al-taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Abu Qumbos, Amjad, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu-toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Enas, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al-Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al-saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al-Farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Alkhatib, Ahmed, Al-Faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, Ghaben, Ahed, Machain Vega, Gustavo Miguel, Cardozo, Jorge Torres, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgins, Pertersen Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo, Segovia Lohse, Helmut Alfredo, Páez Lopez, Larissa Ines, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Pérez Rojas, Angel David, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Guevara Torres, Shalon, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Shibao Miyasato, Hector, Valcarcel-Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos, Carpio, Juan, Ruiz Panez, Walter, Toribio Orbegozo, Pedro Angel, Guzmán Dueñas, Carolina, Turpo Espinoza, Kevin, Sandoval Barrantes, Ana Maria, Chungui Bravo, Jorge Armando, Fuentes-Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras-Vergara, Ana Lucia, Vergara Mejia, Angelica Genoveva, Gonzales Montejo, Maria Soledad, Escalante Salas, Marilia del Carmen, Alcca Ticona, Willy, Vargas, Marvin, Manrique Sila, George Christian, Mas, Robinson, del Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Román Velásquez, Armando José, Robledo-Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Turpo Espinoza, Kenny, Hamasaki Hamaguchi, José Luis, Florez Farfan, Erick Samuel, Madrid Barrientos, Linda Alvi, Herrera Matta, Juan Jaime, Mora, John Jemuel V, Redota, Menold Archee P, Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B, Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Costa-Maia, Jose, Melo, Renato, Muntean, Liviu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Vartic, Mihaela, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Beuran, Mircea, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Jovine, Elio, Zanini, Nicola, Landolfo, Giovanni, Aljiffry, Murad, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A, Maghrabi, Ashraf, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Alkaaki, Aroub, Khoja, Ahmad, Nawawi, Abrar, Turkustani, Sondos, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Najjar, Mohammed, Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Hassanain, Mazen, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Altamimi, Afnan, Nouh, Thamer, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, James, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Tun, Myint, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Moore, Rachel, Jennings, Vicky, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Kong, Victor, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, du Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz-Tovar, Jaime, Garcia-Florez, Luis, Otero-Díez, Jorge L, Ramos Pérez, Virginia, Aguado Suárez, Nuria, Minguez García, Javier, Corral Moreno, Sara, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Jiménez Carneros, Virginia, García Septiem, Javier, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin-Basany, Eloy, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Solar García, Lorena, Contreras, Elisa, García Bernardo, Carmen, Pagnozzi, Janet, Sanz, Sandra, Miyar de León, Alberto, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joseluis, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Diaz Vico, Tamara, Fernandez-Vega, Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Garcia-Perez, José Maria, Segura-Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, AB, Thalgaspitiya, SPB, Wijayarathna, LS, Wimalge, PMSN, Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Björklund, Ida, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Thorell, Anders, Wogensen, Fredrik, Sokratous, Arestis, Breistrand, Michaela, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abbas, Hjertberg, Maria, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Sund, Malin, Oswald, Dennis, Peros, Georgios, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Zumbühl, Lucius, Zuber, Markus, Schmid, Roger, Werder, Gabriela, Nocito, Antonio, Gerosa, Alexandra, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adiyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Baris, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Tomas, Kudir, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Elshaer, Mohamed, Hunter, Kristina, Al-Bahrani, Ahmed, Liew, Ignatius, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Lim, Shujing Jane, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Jones, Catrin, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, Warren, Oliver, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioannis, Currow, Chelise, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Luck, Joshua, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, James, Lund, Jonathan, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Giuliani, Stefano, Bond-Smith, Giles, Pezas, Theodore, Farhangmehr, Neda, Urbonas, Tomas, Perenyei, Miklos, Ireland, Philip, Blencowe, Natalie, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, James, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Alhammali, Tariq, Salama, Yahya, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thomas, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Connor, Katie, Mann, Thomas, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Griffiths, Ewen, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther HG, Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Aki, Gravante, Gianpiero, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Dindyal, Shiva, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Baillie, Katie, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Tyler, Robert, Soon, Wai Cheong, Jama, Guled M, Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Karandikar, Sharad, Iftekhar Tani, Sobhana, Monaghan, Eimear, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Chean Khun Ng, James, Kiran, Ravi P, Murray, Alice, Etchill, Eric, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Swaroop, Mamta, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Schadde, Erik, Hemmila, Mark, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, van der Naald, Niels, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece-Smith, Alex, Otten, Kars, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloes, Baquero Suarez, Alibeth Andres, Balmaceda, Ruben, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicolas, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrios, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Realis, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, de Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justas, Strupas, Kestutis, Kondrotas, Paulius, Baltrunas, Robertas, Kutkevicius, Juozas, Ignatavicius, Povilas, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Anass, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero-Santin, Luis M, Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos-Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobias, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Wolf, Bernhard, Fairfield, Cameron, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, James, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, and Blanco, Ruth

Published
2018
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105. Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Author

Gerardo, Nicole M, Altincicek, Boran, Anselme, Caroline, Atamian, Hagop, Barribeau, Seth M, de Vos, Martin, Duncan, Elizabeth J, Evans, Jay D, Gabaldón, Toni, Ghanim, Murad, Heddi, Adelaziz, Kaloshian, Isgouhi, Latorre, Amparo, Moya, Andres, Nakabachi, Atsushi, Parker, Benjamin J, Pérez-Brocal, Vincente, Pignatelli, Miguel, Rahbé, Yvan, Ramsey, John S, Spragg, Chelsea J, Tamames, Javier, Tamarit, Daniel, Tamborindeguy, Cecilia, Vincent-Monegat, Caroline, and Vilcinskas, Andreas

Abstract

Abstract Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously characterized insects models. Results Strikingly, pea aphids appear to be missing genes present in insect genomes characterized to date and thought critical for recognition, signaling and killing of microbes. In line with results of gene annotation, experimental analyses designed to characterize immune response through the isolation of RNA transcripts and proteins from immune-challenged pea aphids uncovered few immune-related products. Gene expression studies, however, indicated some expression of immune and stress-related genes. Conclusions The absence of genes suspected to be essential for the insect immune response suggests that the traditional view of insect immunity may not be as broadly applicable as once thought. The limitations of the aphid immune system may be representative of a broad range of insects, or may be aphid specific. We suggest that several aspects of the aphid life style, such as their association with microbial symbionts, could facilitate survival without strong immune protection.

Published
2010

106. Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms

Author

Schulte, Lennart, primary, Damm, Maik, additional, Avella, Ignazio, additional, Uhrig, Lilien, additional, Erkoc, Pelin, additional, Schiffmann, Susanne, additional, Fürst, Robert, additional, Timm, Thomas, additional, Lochnit, Günter, additional, Vilcinskas, Andreas, additional, and Lüddecke, Tim, additional

Published
2023
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108. Applicability of EASL clinical guidelines recommendations of empiric antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis in South America

Author

Dirchwolf, Melisa, primary, Agozino, Marina, additional, Perdiguero, Gonzalo Gomez, additional, Duarte, Ivonne Giselle, additional, Murga, Maria Dolores, additional, Bessone, Fernando, additional, Ferretti, Sebastian Eduardo, additional, Arufe, Diego, additional, Bruno, Andres, additional, Smud, Astrid, additional, Giunta, Diego, additional, Elizondo, Martín, additional, Fainboim, Hugo, additional, Gadano, Adrian, additional, Brutti, Julia, additional, Pages, Josefina, additional, Rojas, German, additional, Ballerga, Esteban Gonzalez, additional, Zerega, Alina, additional, Garrido, Maria, additional, Botteron, Natalie Vilcinskas Y, additional, Machain, Matias, additional, and Marciano, Sebastián, additional

Published
2023
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114. List of contributors

Author

Agarwaal, Viplove, primary, Annacondia, Maria Luz, additional, Baruah, Kartik, additional, Basu, Amitava, additional, Ben Maamar, Millissia, additional, Bossier, Peter, additional, Casati, Lavinia, additional, Cavalieri, Vincenzo, additional, Celotti, Fabio, additional, Champagne, Frances A., additional, D'Cruz, Shereen Cynthia, additional, Diaz, Ruben, additional, Dwivedi, Ambey Prasad, additional, Fang, Lingzhao, additional, Freeman, Dana M., additional, Ge, Zhao-Jia, additional, Ho, Dao H., additional, Jiménez-Chillarón, Josep C., additional, Khosla, Sanjeev, additional, Legoff, Louis, additional, Lerin, Carles, additional, Li, Cong-Jun, additional, Lin, Shudai, additional, Liu, George E., additional, Martinez, German, additional, Mashoodh, Rahia, additional, Meyer-Ficca, Mirella L., additional, Meyer, Ralph G., additional, Mukherjee, Krishnendu, additional, Nilsson, Eric, additional, Norouzitallab, Parisa, additional, Nowak, Felicia V., additional, Palacios-Marin, Ivonne, additional, Rajeev, Ramisetti, additional, Ramon-Krauel, Marta, additional, Ribo, Silvia, additional, Riddle, Nicole C., additional, Schoelz, John M., additional, Sijbrands, Eric J.G., additional, Sinha, Anunay, additional, Skinner, Michael K., additional, Slyvka, Yuriy, additional, Smagulova, Fatima, additional, Spinelli, Giovanni, additional, Stuppia, Liborio, additional, Sun, Qing-Yuan, additional, Tevosian, Sergei, additional, Thamban, Thushara, additional, Tollefsbol, Trygve O., additional, Uller, Tobias, additional, Vanrompay, Daisy, additional, Varriale, Annalisa, additional, Vilcinskas, Andreas, additional, and Wang, Zhibin, additional

Published
2019
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115. Insect Antenna-Based Biosensors for In Situ Detection of Volatiles

Author

Schott, Matthias, Wehrenfennig, Christoph, Gasch, Tina, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor, Mika, Nicole, With contributions by, Zorn, Holger, With contributions by, Rühl, Martin, With contributions by, Merzendorfer, Hans, With contributions by, Fischer, Rainer, With contributions by, Ostafe, Raluca, With contributions by, Twyman, Richard M., With contributions by, Druzinec, Damir, With contributions by, Salzig, Denise, With contributions by, Brix, Alexander, With contributions by, Kraume, Matthias, With contributions by, Kollewe, Christian, With contributions by, Czermak, Peter, With contributions by, Schott, Matthias, With contributions by, Wehrenfennig, Christoph, With contributions by, Gasch, Tina, With contributions by, Schetelig, Marc F., With contributions by, Handler, Alfred M., With contributions by, Narva, Kenneth E., With contributions by, Siegfried, Blair D., With contributions by, Storer, Nicholas P., With contributions by, Knorr, Eileen, With contributions by, Bingsohn, Linda, With contributions by, Kanost, Michael R., With contributions by, and Will, Torsten, With contributions by

Published
2013
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116. Aphid-Proof Plants: Biotechnology-Based Approaches for Aphid Control

Author

Will, Torsten, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor, Mika, Nicole, With contributions by, Zorn, Holger, With contributions by, Rühl, Martin, With contributions by, Merzendorfer, Hans, With contributions by, Fischer, Rainer, With contributions by, Ostafe, Raluca, With contributions by, Twyman, Richard M., With contributions by, Druzinec, Damir, With contributions by, Salzig, Denise, With contributions by, Brix, Alexander, With contributions by, Kraume, Matthias, With contributions by, Kollewe, Christian, With contributions by, Czermak, Peter, With contributions by, Schott, Matthias, With contributions by, Wehrenfennig, Christoph, With contributions by, Gasch, Tina, With contributions by, Schetelig, Marc F., With contributions by, Handler, Alfred M., With contributions by, Narva, Kenneth E., With contributions by, Siegfried, Blair D., With contributions by, Storer, Nicholas P., With contributions by, Knorr, Eileen, With contributions by, Bingsohn, Linda, With contributions by, Kanost, Michael R., With contributions by, and Will, Torsten, With contributions by

Published
2013
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117. Tribolium castaneum as a Model for High-Throughput RNAi Screening

Author

Knorr, Eileen, Bingsohn, Linda, Kanost, Michael R., Vilcinskas, Andreas, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor, Mika, Nicole, With contributions by, Zorn, Holger, With contributions by, Rühl, Martin, With contributions by, Merzendorfer, Hans, With contributions by, Fischer, Rainer, With contributions by, Ostafe, Raluca, With contributions by, Twyman, Richard M., With contributions by, Druzinec, Damir, With contributions by, Salzig, Denise, With contributions by, Brix, Alexander, With contributions by, Kraume, Matthias, With contributions by, Kollewe, Christian, With contributions by, Czermak, Peter, With contributions by, Schott, Matthias, With contributions by, Wehrenfennig, Christoph, With contributions by, Gasch, Tina, With contributions by, Schetelig, Marc F., With contributions by, Handler, Alfred M., With contributions by, Narva, Kenneth E., With contributions by, Siegfried, Blair D., With contributions by, Storer, Nicholas P., With contributions by, Knorr, Eileen, With contributions by, Bingsohn, Linda, With contributions by, Kanost, Michael R., With contributions by, and Will, Torsten, With contributions by

Published
2013
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118. Optimization of Insect Cell Based Protein Production Processes - Online Monitoring, Expression Systems, Scale Up

Author

Druzinec, Damir, Salzig, Denise, Brix, Alexander, Kraume, Matthias, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Kollewe, Christian, Czermak, Peter, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor, Mika, Nicole, With contributions by, Zorn, Holger, With contributions by, Rühl, Martin, With contributions by, Merzendorfer, Hans, With contributions by, Fischer, Rainer, With contributions by, Ostafe, Raluca, With contributions by, Twyman, Richard M., With contributions by, Druzinec, Damir, With contributions by, Salzig, Denise, With contributions by, Brix, Alexander, With contributions by, Kraume, Matthias, With contributions by, Kollewe, Christian, With contributions by, Czermak, Peter, With contributions by, Schott, Matthias, With contributions by, Wehrenfennig, Christoph, With contributions by, Gasch, Tina, With contributions by, Schetelig, Marc F., With contributions by, Handler, Alfred M., With contributions by, Narva, Kenneth E., With contributions by, Siegfried, Blair D., With contributions by, Storer, Nicholas P., With contributions by, Knorr, Eileen, With contributions by, Bingsohn, Linda, With contributions by, Kanost, Michael R., With contributions by, and Will, Torsten, With contributions by

Published
2013
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119. Galleria Mellonella as a Model Host to Study Gut Microbe Homeostasis and Brain Infection by the Human Pathogen Listeria Monocytogenes

Author

Mukherjee, Krishnendu, Raju, Ramya, Fischer, Rainer, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, and Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor

Published
2013
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120. The Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Aging Research

Author

Brandt, Annely, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Scheper, T., Series editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series editor, Doran, Pauline M, Series editor, Endo, Isao, Series editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series editor, Hu, Wei Shou, Series editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series editor, Stephanopoulos, Gregory N., Series editor, Ulber, Roland, Series editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series editor, and Vilcinskas, Andreas, editor

Published
2013
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121. Potent Activity of Hybrid Arthropod Antimicrobial Peptides Linked by Glycine Spacers

Author

Miray Tonk, James J. Valdés, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
insect, scorpion, antimicrobial peptide, hybrid peptide, glycine spacer, Escherichia coli, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Arthropod antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising source of new leads to address the declining number of novel antibiotics and the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. AMPs with potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria and distinct modes of action have been identified in insects and scorpions, allowing the discovery of AMP combinations with additive and/or synergistic effects. Here, we tested the synergistic activity of two AMPs, from the dung beetle Copris tripartitus (CopA3) and the scorpion Heterometrus petersii (Hp1090), against two strains of Escherichia coli. We also tested the antibacterial activity of two hybrid peptides generated by joining CopA3 and Hp1090 with linkers comprising two (InSco2) or six (InSco6) glycine residues. We found that CopA3 and Hp1090 acted synergistically against both bacterial strains, and the hybrid peptide InSco2 showed more potent bactericidal activity than the parental AMPs or InSco6. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the short linker stabilizes an N-terminal 310-helix in the hybrid peptide InSco2. This secondary structure forms from a coil region that interacts with phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane bilayer model. The highest concentration of the hybrid peptides used in this study was associated with stronger hemolytic activity than equivalent concentrations of the parental AMPs. As observed for CopA3, the increasing concentration of InSco2 was also cytotoxic to BHK-21 cells. We conclude that AMP hybrids linked by glycine spacers display potent antibacterial activity and that the cytotoxic activity can be modulated by adjusting the nature of the linker peptide, thus offering a strategy to produce hybrid peptides as safe replacements or adjuncts for conventional antibiotic therapy.

Published
2021
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122. Novel Glycerophospholipid, Lipo- and N-acyl Amino Acids from Bacteroidetes: Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Bioactivity

Author

Mona-Katharina Bill, Stephan Brinkmann, Markus Oberpaul, Maria A. Patras, Benedikt Leis, Michael Marner, Marc-Philippe Maitre, Peter E. Hammann, Andreas Vilcinskas, Sören M. M. Schuler, and Till F. Schäberle

Subjects
linear lipoamino acid, lipid 430, lipid 654, N-acyl amino acid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, bacteroidetes, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The ‘core’ metabolome of the Bacteroidetes genus Chitinophaga was recently discovered to consist of only seven metabolites. A structural relationship in terms of shared lipid moieties among four of them was postulated. Here, structure elucidation and characterization via ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of those four lipids (two lipoamino acids (LAAs), two lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs)), as well as several other undescribed LAAs and N-acyl amino acids (NAAAs), identified during isolation were carried out. The LAAs represent closely related analogs of the literature-known LAAs, such as the glycine-serine dipeptide lipids 430 (2) and 654. Most of the here characterized LAAs (1, 5–11) are members of a so far undescribed glycine-serine-ornithine tripeptide lipid family. Moreover, this study reports three novel NAAAs (N-(5-methyl)hexanoyl tyrosine (14) and N-(7-methyl)octanoyl tyrosine (15) or phenylalanine (16)) from Olivibacter sp. FHG000416, another Bacteroidetes strain initially selected as best in-house producer for isolation of lipid 430. Antimicrobial profiling revealed most isolated LAAs (1–3) and the two LPE ‘core’ metabolites (12, 13) active against the Gram-negative pathogen M. catarrhalis ATCC 25238 and the Gram-positive bacterium M. luteus DSM 20030. For LAA 1, additional growth inhibition activity against B. subtilis DSM 10 was observed.

Published
2021
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123. Hexapod Assassins’ Potion: Venom Composition and Bioactivity from the Eurasian Assassin Bug Rhynocoris iracundus

Author

Nicolai Rügen, Timothy P. Jenkins, Natalie Wielsch, Heiko Vogel, Benjamin-Florian Hempel, Roderich D. Süssmuth, Stuart Ainsworth, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Miray Tonk

Subjects
assassin bugs, venom, transcriptomics, proteomics, bioactivity, paralysis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Assassin bug venoms are potent and exert diverse biological functions, making them potential biomedical goldmines. Besides feeding functions on arthropods, assassin bugs also use their venom for defense purposes causing localized and systemic reactions in vertebrates. However, assassin bug venoms remain poorly characterized. We collected the venom from the assassin bug Rhynocoris iracundus and investigated its composition and bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. It caused lysis of murine neuroblastoma, hepatoma cells, and healthy murine myoblasts. We demonstrated, for the first time, that assassin bug venom induces neurolysis and suggest that it counteracts paralysis locally via the destruction of neural networks, contributing to tissue digestion. Furthermore, the venom caused paralysis and melanization of Galleria mellonella larvae and pupae, whilst also possessing specific antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, but not Listeria grayi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A combinatorial proteo-transcriptomic approach was performed to identify potential toxins responsible for the observed effects. We identified neurotoxic Ptu1, an inhibitory cystin knot (ICK) toxin homologous to ω-conotoxins from cone snails, cytolytic redulysins homologous to trialysins from hematophagous kissing bugs, and pore-forming hemolysins. Additionally, chitinases and kininogens were found and may be responsible for insecticidal and cytolytic activities. We demonstrate the multifunctionality and complexity of assassin bug venom, which renders its molecular components interesting for potential biomedical applications.

Published
2021
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124. Insect Collections as an Untapped Source of Bioactive Compounds—Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and Cardiotonic Steroids as a Proof of Concept

Author

Andreas Berger, Georg Petschenka, Thomas Degenkolb, Michael Geisthardt, and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
Lampyridae, fireflies, lucibufagins, bufadienolides, cardiac glycosides, natural history collections, Science
Abstract

Natural history collections provide an invaluable basis for systematics, ecology, and conservation. Besides being an important source of DNA, museum specimens may also contain a plethora of natural products. Especially, dried insect collections represent a global repository with billions of inventoried vouchers. Due to their vast diversity, insects possess a great variety of defensive compounds, which they either produce autogenously or derive from the environment. Here, we present a case study on fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), which produce bufadienolides as a defense against predators. These toxins belong to the cardiotonic steroids, which are used for the treatment of cardiac diseases and specifically inhibit the animal enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase. Bufadienolides have been reported from only seven out of approximately 2000 described firefly species. Using a non-destructive approach, we screened 72 dry coleopteran specimens for bufadienolides using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. We found bufadienolides including five novel compounds in 21 species of the subfamily Lampyrinae. The absence of bufadienolides in the phylogenetically related net-winged beetles (Lycidae) and the lampyrid subfamilies Luciolinae and Lamprohizinae indicates a phylogenetic pattern of bufadienolide synthesis. Our results emphasize the value of natural history collections as an archive of chemical information for ecological and evolutionary basic research and as an untapped source for novel bioactive compounds.

Published
2021
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125. Culture-Independent and Culture-Dependent Characterization of the Black Soldier Fly Gut Microbiome Reveals a Large Proportion of Culturable Bacteria with Potential for Industrial Applications

Author

Dorothee Tegtmeier, Sabine Hurka, Sanja Mihajlovic, Maren Bodenschatz, Stephanie Schlimbach, and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
black soldier fly, amplicon sequencing, 16S rRNA gene, culturable microbiome, genotyping, core microbiome, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are fast-growing, resilient insects that can break down a variety of organic substrates and convert them into valuable proteins and lipids for applications in the feed industry. Decomposition is mediated by an abundant and versatile gut microbiome, which has been studied for more than a decade. However, little is known about the phylogeny, properties and functions of bacterial isolates from the BSFL gut. We therefore characterized the BSFL gut microbiome in detail, evaluating bacterial diversity by culture-dependent methods and amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Redundant strains were identified by genomic fingerprinting and 105 non-redundant isolates were then tested for their ability to inhibit pathogens. We cultivated representatives of 26 genera, covering 47% of the families and 33% of the genera detected by amplicon sequencing. Among these isolates, we found several representatives of the most abundant genera: Morganella, Enterococcus, Proteus and Providencia. We also isolated diverse members of the less-abundant phylum Actinobacteria, and a novel genus of the order Clostridiales. We found that 15 of the isolates inhibited at least one of the tested pathogens, suggesting a role in helping to prevent colonization by pathogens in the gut. The resulting culture collection of unique BSFL gut bacteria provides a promising resource for multiple industrial applications.

Published
2021
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126. Full Profiling of GE81112A, an Underexplored Tetrapeptide Antibiotic with Activity against Gram-Negative Pathogens

Author

Schuler, Sören M. M., primary, Jürjens, Gerrit, additional, Marker, Alexander, additional, Hemmann, Ulrike, additional, Rey, Astrid, additional, Yvon, Stéphane, additional, Lagrevol, Marjorie, additional, Hamiti, Mohamed, additional, Nguyen, Fabian, additional, Hirsch, Rolf, additional, Pöverlein, Christoph, additional, Vilcinskas, Andreas, additional, Hammann, Peter, additional, Wilson, Daniel N., additional, Mourez, Michael, additional, Coyne, Sebastien, additional, and Bauer, Armin, additional

Published
2023
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135. Better integration of chemical pollution research will further our understanding of biodiversity loss

Author

Sylvester, F., Weichert, F.G., Lozano, V.L., Groh, K.J., Bálint, M., Baumann, L., Bässler, C., Brack, Werner, Brandl, B., Curtius, J., Dierkes, P., Döll, P., Ebersberger, I., Fragkostefanakis, S., Helfrich, E.J.N., Hickler, T., Johann, S., Jourdan, J., Klimpel, S., Kminek, H., Liquin, F., Möllendorf, D., Mueller, T., Oehlmann, J., Ottermanns, R., Pauls, S.U., Piepenbring, M., Pfefferle, J., Schenk, G.J., Scheepens, J.F., Scheringer, M., Schiwy, S., Schlottmann, A., Schneider, F., Schulte, L.M., Schulze-Sylvester, M., Stelzer, E., Strobl, F., Sundermann, A., Tockner, K., Tröger, T., Vilcinskas, A., Völker, C., Winkelmann, R., Hollert, H., Sylvester, F., Weichert, F.G., Lozano, V.L., Groh, K.J., Bálint, M., Baumann, L., Bässler, C., Brack, Werner, Brandl, B., Curtius, J., Dierkes, P., Döll, P., Ebersberger, I., Fragkostefanakis, S., Helfrich, E.J.N., Hickler, T., Johann, S., Jourdan, J., Klimpel, S., Kminek, H., Liquin, F., Möllendorf, D., Mueller, T., Oehlmann, J., Ottermanns, R., Pauls, S.U., Piepenbring, M., Pfefferle, J., Schenk, G.J., Scheepens, J.F., Scheringer, M., Schiwy, S., Schlottmann, A., Schneider, F., Schulte, L.M., Schulze-Sylvester, M., Stelzer, E., Strobl, F., Sundermann, A., Tockner, K., Tröger, T., Vilcinskas, A., Völker, C., Winkelmann, R., and Hollert, H.

Abstract

no abstract

Published
2023

141. Vagococcus luciliae sp. nov., isolated from the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata

Author

Juan Guzman, Anja Poehlein, Rolf Daniel, Peter Kämpfer, and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
General Medicine, Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The genus Vagococcus belongs to the family Enterococcaceae (order Lactobacillales) and is closely related to the genus Enterococcus . Currently, 19 species of the genus have been validly named. In this study, we isolated strain G314FT from the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata collected in Germany. Sequencing of its almost-complete 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Vagococcus , being closely related to Vagococcus bubulae SS1994T with high sequence identity (99.50 %), followed by Vagococcus martis D7T301T (98.86 %), Vagococcus vulneris SS1995T (98.71 %), Vagococcus teuberi DSM 21459T (98.64 %), Vagococcus silagei 2B-2T (98.64 %) and Vagococcus penaei CD276T (98.64 %). Genome sequencing of strain G314FT was performed by a combination of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technology, yielding a circular genome with a size of 2 139 468 bp and an 11 kb plasmid. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were calculated between G314FT and its closest-related taxa, and found to be T represents a novel species of the genus Vagococcus . Phylogenetic and core protein-based phylogenomic trees revealed that G314FT was closely related to a group of three species, V. bubulae SS1994T, V. martis D7T301T and V. teuberi DSM 21459T. Comparatively, the genome of G314FT is the smallest in the group of the four related species, and the biochemical pathway comparison using BlastKOALA revealed that G314FT has lost some amino acid biosynthetic proteins; however, it has gained enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism. Phenotypically, G314FT was consistent with other species of the genus Vagococcus including a negative catalase reaction and non-motility. Using the polyphasic approach, our data supports that the isolate represents a new species, for which we propose the name Vagococcus luciliae G314FT (=DSM 112651T= CCM 9164T).

Published
2023

142. You are what you eat—ecological niche and microhabitat influence venom activity and composition in aquatic bugs

Author

Maike L. Fischer, Sol A. Yepes Vivas, Natalie Wielsch, Roy Kirsch, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Heiko Vogel

Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology, General Medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Environmental Science
Abstract

True water bugs (Nepomorpha) are mostly predacious insects that live in aquatic habitats. They use their piercing–sucking mouthparts to inject venomous saliva that facilitates the capture and extra-oral digestion of prey animals, but their venom can also be deployed for defence. In Central Europe, nepomorph species representing different families coexist in the same habitat. However, their feeding ecology, including venom composition and deployment, has not been investigated in detail. We used an integrated proteotranscriptomic and bioactivity-based approach to test whether venom composition and activity differ between four water bug species sharing the same habitat but occupying different ecological niches. We found considerable species-dependent differences in the composition of digestive enzymes and venom components that probably evolved as adaptations to particular food sources, foraging strategies and/or microhabitats. The venom of Corixa punctata differed substantially from that of the three strictly predatory species ( Ilyocoris cimicoides , Notonecta glauca and Nepa cinerea ), and the abundance of herbivory-associated proteins confirms a mostly plant-based diet. Our findings reveal independent adaptations of the digestive and defensive enzyme repertoires accompanied by the evolution of distinct feeding strategies in aquatic bugs.

Published
2023

143. Compelling Evidence for the Activity of Antiviral Peptides against SARS-CoV-2

Author

Miray Tonk, Daniel Růžek, and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus, antimicrobial peptides, antiviral peptides, defensins, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Multiple outbreaks of epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have occurred in the last 20 years, including those caused by Ebola virus, Zika virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence or re-emergence of such diseases has revealed the deficiency in our pipeline for the discovery and development of antiviral drugs. One promising solution is the extensive library of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by all eukaryotic organisms. AMPs are widely known for their activity against bacteria, but many possess additional antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anticancer, or antiviral activities. AMPs could therefore be suitable as leads for the development of new peptide-based antiviral drugs. Sixty therapeutic peptides had been approved by the end of 2018, with at least another 150 in preclinical or clinical development. Peptides undergoing clinical trials include analogs, mimetics, and natural AMPs. The advantages of AMPs include novel mechanisms of action that hinder the evolution of resistance, low molecular weight, low toxicity toward human cells but high specificity and efficacy, the latter enhanced by the optimization of AMP sequences. In this opinion article, we summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of antiviral AMPs and discuss their potential to treat emerging viral diseases including COVID-19.

Published
2021
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144. The European Map Butterfly Araschnia levana as a Model to Study the Molecular Basis and Evolutionary Ecology of Seasonal Polyphenism

Author

Arne Baudach and Andreas Vilcinskas

Subjects
evolutionary ecology, hormones, epigenetics, polyphenism, phenotypic plasticity, microRNAs, Science
Abstract

The European map butterfly Araschnia levana is a well-known example of seasonal polyphenism. Spring and summer imagoes exhibit distinct morphological phenotypes. Key environmental factors responsible for the expression of different morphs are day length and temperature. Larval exposure to light for more than 16 h per day entails direct development and results in the adult f. prorsa summer phenotype. Less than 15.5 h per day increasingly promotes diapause and the adult f. levana spring phenotype. The phenotype depends on the timing of the release of 20-hydroxyecdysone in pupae. Release within the first days after pupation potentially inhibits the default “levana-gene-expression-profile” because pre-pupae destined for diapause or subitaneous development have unique transcriptomic programs. Moreover, multiple microRNAs and their targets are differentially regulated during the larval and pupal stages, and candidates for diapause maintenance, duration, and phenotype determination have been identified. However, the complete pathway from photoreception to timekeeping and diapause or subitaneous development remains unclear. Beside the wing polyphenism, the hormonal and epigenetic modifications of the two phenotypes also include differences in biomechanical design and immunocompetence. Here, we discuss research on the physiological and molecular basis of polyphenism in A. levana, including hormonal control, epigenetic regulation, and the effect of ecological parameters on developmental fate.

Published
2021
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145. Organization of the Structural Protein Region of La Jolla Virus Isolated from the Invasive Pest Insect Drosophila suzukii

Author

Tessa Carrau, Benjamin Lamp, Carina M. Reuscher, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Kwang-Zin Lee

Subjects
Drosophila suzukii, La Jolla virus (LJV), Iflavirus, genome organization, capsid proteins, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Drosophila suzukii (Ds) is an invasive pest insect that infests ripening fruit, causing severe economic losses. Control measures based on chemical pesticides are inefficient and undesirable, so biological alternatives have been considered, including native Ds viruses. We previously isolated a strain of La Jolla virus (LJV-Ds-OS20) from Ds in Germany as a candidate biopesticide. Here we characterized the new strain in detail, focusing on the processing of its capsid proteins. We tested LJV growth during Ds development to optimize virus production, and established a laboratory production system using adult flies. This system was suitable for the preparation of virions for detailed analysis. The LJV-Ds-OS20 isolate was cloned by limiting dilution and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined as a basis for protein analysis. The terminal segments of the virus genome were completed by RACE-PCR. LJV virions were also purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and electron microscopy. The capsid proteins of purified LJV virions were resolved by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE for N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting. The N-terminal sequences of VP1 and VP2, together with MS data representing several capsid proteins, allowed us to develop a model for the organization of the LJV structural protein region. This may facilitate the development of new viral strains as biopesticides.

Published
2021
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146. High-throughput Screening of Caterpillars as Alternative Platform for Modeling of Gut Inflammation

Author

Windfelder, Anton G., Müller, Frank H.H., Larney, Benedict Mc, Hentschel, Michael, Böhringer, Anna Christina, Bredow, Christoph-Rüdiger von, Leinberger, Florian H., Kampschulte, Marian, Maier, Lorenz, von Bredow, Yvette M., Flocke, Vera, Merzendorfer, Hans, Krombach, Gabriele A., Vilcinskas, Andreas, Grimm, Jan, Trenczek, Tina E., and Flögel, Ulrich

Published
2023
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147. Genome-Mining-Guided Discovery and Characterization of the PKS-NRPS-Hybrid Polyoxyperuin Produced by a Marine-Derived Streptomycete

Author

I Dewa M. Kresna, Zerlina G. Wuisan, Jean-Marie Pohl, Ute Mettal, Virginia Linares Otoya, Martin Gand, Michael Marner, Luis Linares Otoya, Nils Böhringer, Andreas Vilcinskas, Till F. Schäberle, and Publica

Subjects
Pharmacology, Complementary and alternative medicine, Multigene Family, Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Streptomyces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

The azinothricin family comprises several cyclic hexadepsipeptides with diverse pharmacological bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, and apoptosis induction. In this work, using a genome mining approach, a biosynthetic gene cluster encoding an azinothricin-like compound was identified from the Streptomyces sp. s120 genome sequence (pop BGC). Comparative MS analysis of extracts from the native producer and a knockout mutant led to the identification of metabolites corresponding to the pop BGC. Furthermore, regulatory elements of the BGC were identified. By overexpression of an LmbU-like transcriptional activator, the production yield of 1 and 2 was increased, enabling isolation and structure elucidation of polyoxyperuin A seco acid (1) and polyoxyperuin A (2) using high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 exhibited a low antibiotic effect against Micrococcus luteus, while 2 showed a strong Gram-positive antibiotic effect in a micro-broth-dilution assay.

Published
2022

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