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Gd3+ forms a strongly colored complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) in aqueous solutions. We characterized the Gd3+-PAR complex in order to use it as a probe of Gd3+ speciation in the presence of environmentally relevant ligands. The formation of the Gd3+-PAR complex was investigated from pH 5 to 8 in the presence of excess PAR. The absorbance of the Gd3+-PAR complex dramatically increased from pH 5 to 8 and application of the method of continuous variation indicates that the complex was primarily 1:2 Gd(PAR)2 at pH 8. Stability constants for Gd3+ with other ligands can be quantified by competitive displacement of the PAR ligand. To establish the viability of this approach, we measured the stability constants between Gd3+ and several organic acids and carbonate. Our measurements show reasonable agreement with the literature values. We used the competitive displacement approach to establish that humic acids can competitively displace PAR from the Gd(PAR)2 complex.

Between the 3rd and 7th January 2019 Compass Archaeology Ltd undertook an archaeological evaluation on the site of 96-98 Bromley High Street, E3 3EG. The evaluation was commissioned as pre-determination works ahead of a planning application to redevelop the site. This was deemed necessary due to the site's location within the Bow and Lea Valley Archaeological Priority Areas (APA). The evaluation comprised the hand excavation of two trial trenches within the site's boundaries. Both trenches were approximately 1.8m by 1.8m and 1.4m below ground level (approx. 8.5mOD). Trench 1 exposed the foundation wall of a mid-19th century building [105] overlying the corner of an earlier post medieval structure, possibly dating from the 16th-17th century [119] .Whilst no direct connection could be made between the earlier structure [119] and the nearby medieval Priory of St Leonard's or later Bromley Manor House, some reused building material could have come from buildings associated with these sites. Trench 2 exposed a modern, concrete encased pipeline [203] and a series of made ground deposits covering an early modern, possibly late 19th century, brick vault ([208] and [209]). This may be related to a commercial property which occupied this site during this period. The vault appeared to have been subsequently filled with rubble and mortar.

PKIIKP waves, reflected from the underside of the inner core boundary, are very sensitive to the S velocity in the uppermost 80 km of the inner core at antipodal distances, undergoing a phase change and a factor of 4 amplification as the distance approaches 180°. Modeled PKIIKP waveforms are consistent with a near-zero shear modulus in the uppermost inner core in a 20–40 km thick patch beneath the eastern equatorial hemisphere. This bright spot of PKIIKP reflection correlates with a thin zone of low P velocity inferred from the complexity of PKIKP waveforms sampling this patch. Estimates of grain sizes from seismic attenuation, the absence of backscattered PKiKP coda in this region, and a prediction for enhanced heat flow through this patch suggest that it is a region of solidification rather than melting.

Recent advances have increased treatment options for, and improved clinical outcomes in, metastatic melanoma (mM). Using a large claims database, this retrospective study compared healthcare and adverse event (AE) costs in a US managed care population of mM patients initiating vemurafenib (VEM), ipilimumab (IPI), dacarbazine (DTIC), paclitaxel (PAC), or temozolomide (TMZ) from July 2009 to September 2012. Treatment episodes were identified from the start of study drugs (index date) to a switch to a different study drug, or a gap greater than 45 days (>112 days for IPI). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurring ≥5% from study drug package inserts were selected for this analysis. All-cause costs for treatment episodes and AEs were normalized as monthly costs. Generalized estimating equation models with log link and gamma distribution provided adjusted monthly treatment episode and AE costs. A total of 809 treatment episodes were identified in 541 mM patients, with a mean (SD) age of 57.5 (11.5) years. The total mean (SD) all-cause cost per treatment episode for VEM was $77 687 ($60 329), for IPI was $153 062 ($134 048), for DTIC was $35 243 ($33 641), for TMZ was $42 870 ($41 384), and for PAC was $58 991 ($81 306). The adjusted mean monthly treatment episode cost for VEM was significantly lower than that for IPI and comparable to that for other drugs. VEM had a significantly lower monthly AE cost than IPI, DTIC, and PAC. In combination with safety and efficacy findings, these results may assist clinicians, patients, policy makers, and payers in the treatment of mM.

Active and abandoned mines may present health risks, especially to children, from environmental exposure to airborne chemical elements, such as Pb, As, and Mn. X-ray fluorescence analysis of tailings at the Three Kids Mine show they contain high levels of: Pb (15,300 mg/kg), As (3690 mg/kg), and Mn (153,000 mg/kg). Soil was sampled along eight transects, radiating from the dried tailings ponds. Concentrations of Mn and Pb to the NE are at background concentrations at 4.8 km, and, As and Sr at 3.2 km from the mine. Going SW to the City of Henderson, all elements are at background at 1.6 cm, with the closest houses at 1.8 km. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) are exceeded for Pb, As and Mn at 0.8 km on all transects except one. The RSLs are exceeded for Pb, As and Mn on the NE transects at 1.6 km. Future home sites are on a NE transect between 0.4 km and 2.3 km downwind from the tailings ponds, in an area highly impacted by tailings which exceed the USEPA RSLs. This research demonstrates that there has been the farthest transport of tailings offsite by the prevailing winds to the NE; the closest currently-built homes have not received measurable tailings dust because they are upwind; and that precautions must be taken during the proposed remediation of the mine to restrict dust-transport of Pb, As, and Mn to avoid human exposure and ecological damage.

Adherence with oral medication for overactive bladder syndrome is suboptimal. To improve adherence, the YourWay plan was developed to assist patients and health care providers in defining treatment expectations and facilitating communication.To evaluate medication adherence among patients with overactive bladder syndrome enrolled in the YourWay patient support plan, patient adoption of behavioral interventions, patient satisfaction with the plan, and physician experience with the plan.In this 13-week, single-arm, open-label, multicenter, noninterventional study, fesoterodine-naïve patients received a prescription for fesoterodine 4 or 8 mg and a packet including a 14-day fesoterodine sample, educational materials, and progress tracker. Patients registered for the YourWay plan, which included an educational resource kit, interactive voice-response calls, and optional online and mail support. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who filled a prescription for a ≥ 90-day supply of fesoterodine within 90 days of enrollment. Secondary end points were the proportion of patients who filled ≥ 1 prescription and ≥ 2 prescriptions (post hoc), patient evaluation of their experience and satisfaction with the YourWay plan, and differences between prescription fillers and nonfillers in plan adoption and assessment (post hoc). We surveyed an independent sample of physicians to assess their experience with YourWay.Of 500 study completers, 10.4% filled a prescription for a ≥ 90-day supply of fesoterodine. Of those filling a prescription, 26.2% filled ≥ 1 prescription and among those, 61.0% refilled their prescription at least once. Many behavioral recommendations were adopted by 82% to 94% of patients. Fillers were more likely to take fesoterodine as directed, whereas adoption of behavioral recommendations or plan satisfaction did not differ between fillers and nonfillers. Most patients reported that the plan was informative and feasible to implement, and that they were satisfied with various aspects of the plan. Physicians also reported positive experiences.Most patients adopted YourWay components and viewed the plan positively, although adherence remained a challenge.

This article presents a school-based model for creating a synthesis of behavioristic and humanistic technologies. Examples from the author's work as a teacher and consultant are combined with an examination of associated research findings to demonstrate the pratical application of such a synthesis. (Author)

The author outlines six functions or strategies that counselors can employ in an effort to improve school learning environments. (Author)

Summary of the yearbook, reviews many of the persistent bureaucratizing elements in the society, indicates the positive and negative features of schooling patterns, and finally suggests possible courses open to education. (Author)

Differential travel times and waveforms of PKIKP and PKiKP phases in the 129°–141° distance range, deconvolved for the effects of source time functions and average mantle attenuation operators, are inverted for velocity and attenuation in the uppermost 80 km of the inner core, and the velocity gradient and attenuation in the lowermost 200 km of the outer core (F region). Results confirm degree-one velocity structure in the inner core whose fast and slow regions appear to be separated by transitions with a velocity contrast of about 1%. Although attenuation in the inner core also exhibits degree-one pattern, a high attenuation region ( Q p − 1 = [ 0.002 , 0.0067 ] ) extends to the central Pacific, which has been previously considered a part of the western hemisphere characterized by slower velocity and lower attenuation. The rest of the inner core exhibits a positive correlation between velocity and attenuation as observed previously. An observed mantle-like relationship between velocity and attenuation in the central Pacific can be interpreted as originating from higher than average homologous temperature, consistent with a model of inner core solidification driven by outer core convection coupled to core–mantle boundary thermal heterogeneity. Alternative mechanisms, including differences in grain size and impurity concentration, and lateral differences in solidification rate might be required to explain the structure of the inner core. The F region velocity and attenuation are best explained by the AK135-F velocity model and Q p − 1 = [ 0 , 0.001 ] respectively.

THE SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS WERE REVIEWED. THE AVERAGE LIFE SPAN WAS FOUND TO BE NOT MORE THAN 41 YEARS, AND A CIRCLE OF POVERTY, DISEASE, AND DEPRESSION WAS DISCOVERED. THE SCHOOLING OF INDIAN CHILDREN PLAYED A CRITICAL ROLE IN THEIR EVENTUAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DISINTEGRATION. THE LACK OF INITIATIVE ON THE PART OF THE SCHOOL AND OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES IN BREAKING THE CIRCLE OF POVERTY WAS PARTIALLY TO BLAME FOR THE SITUATION OF THE INDIAN. THE LACK OF POSITIVE RESPONSE BY THE CHILDREN TO EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES WAS JUDGED TO BE DUE TO THEIR ALIEN CULTURE AS REINFORCED BY THEIR HOME ENVIRONMENT. IN THE SCHOOLS INVESTIGATED, 39 PERCENT OF ALL CHILDREN IN THE FIRST GRADE WERE INDIAN, BUT BY THE 9TH GRADE THIS FIGURE HAD DROPPED TO 3 PERCENT AND BY THE 10TH, 11TH, AND 12TH GRADES NO INDIAN CHILDREN WERE ENROLLED. TEACHERS RELATED THEIR LOW ACHIEVEMENT AND FAILURE WITH THEIR HIGH ABSENCE RATES. IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT BECAUSE OF FAILURE, INDIAN CHILDREN REMAINED AWAY FROM SCHOOL. THE INDIANS WERE USUALLY UNACQUAINTED WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SCHOOL. THEY TENDED TO BE UNCOOPERATIVE AND TO LACK COMPETITIVE DRIVES. THE EFFECTS OF A GHETTO LIFE, A CULTURE WHICH WAS DEPRIVED IN MOST RESPECTS, AND THE LACK OF COORDINATED PROGRAMS PRODUCED MUCH OF THE MISFORTUNE OF THESE INDIAN CHILDREN. CONCENTRATED EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO BRING THE 20TH CENTURY TO THE INDIAN RESERVATION. SCHOOLS SHOULD BEGIN EARLY TRAINING OF CHILDREN AND MOTHERS, AND MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN TO END THE GHETTO RESERVATION.