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114. Life-cycle assessment of bioethanol from pine residues via indirect biomass gasification to mixed alcohols

Author

Daystar, Jesse, Reeb, Carter, Venditti, Richard, Gonzalez, Ronalds, and Puettmann, Maureen E.

Subjects
Biomass energy -- Analysis, Feedstock -- Economic aspects -- Analysis, Life cycle assessment -- Analysis, Energy industry -- Economic aspects, Business, Forest products industry
Abstract

The goal of this study was to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy requirements from the production and use (cradle-to-grave) of bioethanol produced from the indirect gasification thermochemical conversion of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) residues. Additional impact categories (acidification and eutrophication) were also analyzed. Of the life-cycle stages, the thermochemical fuel production and biomass growth stages resulted in the greatest environmental impact for the bioethanol product life cycle. The GHG emissions from fuel transportation and process chemicals used in the thermochemical conversion process were minor (less than 1 percent of conversion emissions). The net GHG emissions over the bioethanol life cycle, cradle-to-grave, was 74 percent less than gasoline of an equal energy content, meeting the 60 percent minimum reduction requirement of the Renewable Fuels Standard to qualify as an advanced (second generation) biofuel. Also, bioethanol had a 72 percent lower acidification impact and a 59 percent lower eutrophication impact relative to gasoline. The fossil fuel usage for bioethanol was 96 percent less than gasoline, mainly because crude oil is used as the primary feedstock for gasoline production. The total GHG emissions for the bioethanol life cycle analyzed in this study were determined to be similar to the comparable scenario from the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation model. A sensitivity analysis determined that mass allocation of forest establishment burdens to the residues was not significant for GHG emissions but had significant effects on the acidification and eutrophication impact categories., ********** The United States is the largest bioethanol producing country, with 49.2 billion liters as of 2010 (Renewable Fuels Association [RFA] 2010). Controversy around conventional biofuels, which are usually produced [...]

Published
2012

115. Carbon emission reduction impacts from alternative biofuels

Author

Lippke, Bruce, Puettmann, Maureen E., Johnson, Leonard, Venditti, Richard, Gustafson, Richard, Steele, Philip, Katers, John F., Taylor, Adam, Volk, Timothy A., Oneil, Elaine, Skog, Kenneth, Budsberg, Erik, Daystar, Jesse, and Caputo, Jesse

Subjects
Biomass energy -- Analysis, Forest products -- Usage -- Analysis, Emissions (Pollution) -- Environmental aspects, Business, Forest products industry
Abstract

The heightened interest in biofuels addresses the national objectives of reducing carbon emissions as well as reducing dependence on foreign fossil fuels. Using life-cycle analysis to evaluate alternative uses of wood including both products and fuels reveals a hierarchy of carbon and energy impacts characterized by their efficiency in reducing carbon emissions and/or in displacing fossil energy imports. Life-cycle comparisons are developed for biofuel feedstocks (mill and forest residuals, thinnings, and short rotation woody crops) with bioprocessing (pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation) to produce liquid fuels and for using the feedstock for pellets and heat for drying solid wood products, all of which displace fossil fuels and fossil fuel-intensive products. Fossil carbon emissions from lignocellulosic biofuels are substantially lower than emissions from conventional gasoline. While using wood to displace fossil fuel-intensive materials (such as for steel floor joists) is much more effective in reducing carbon emissions than using biofuels to directly displace fossil fuels, displacing transportation fuels with ethanol provides the opportunity to also reduce dependence on imported energy. The complex nature of wood uses and how wood fuels and products interact in their environments, as well as the methods needed to understand these impacts and summarize the relative benefits of different alternatives, are discussed herein. Policies designed to increase biofuel use by subsidies or mandates may increase prices enough to divert biomass feedstock away from producing products, such as for composite panels, resulting in increased emissions from fossil fuel-intensive substitutes. Policies that fail to consider life-cycle implications are discussed, identifying their unintended consequences., The life-cycle inventory (LCI) data for the many different uses of wood reveal a hierarchy of different opportunities to reduce carbon emissions or increase energy independence, both being current national [...]

Published
2012

116. Comparing life-cycle carbon and energy impacts for biofuel, wood product, and forest management alternatives

Author

Lippke, Bruce, Gustafson, Richard, Venditti, Richard, Steele, Philip, Volk, Timothy A., Oneil, Elaine, Johnson, Leonard, Puettmann, Maureen E., and Skog, Kenneth

Subjects
Biomass energy -- Analysis, Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects, Forest products -- Analysis -- Usage, Forest management -- Methods, Business, Forest products industry
Abstract

The different uses of wood result in a hierarchy of carbon and energy impacts that can be characterized by their efficiency in displacing carbon emissions and/or in displacing fossil energy imports, both being current national objectives. When waste wood is used for biofuels (forest or mill residuals and thinnings) fossil fuels and their emissions are reduced without significant land use changes. Short rotation woody crops can increase yields and management efficiencies by using currently underused land. Wood products and biofuels are coproducts of sustainable forest management, along with the other values forests provide, such as clean air, water, and habitat. Producing multiple coproducts with different uses that result in different values complicates carbon mitigation accounting. It is important to understand how the life-cycle implications of managing our forests and using the wood coming from our forests impacts national energy and carbon emission objectives and other forest values. A series of articles published in this issue of the Forest Products Journal reports on the life-cycle implications of producing ethanol by gasification or fermentation and producing bio-oil by pyrolysis and feedstock collection from forest residuals, thinnings, and short rotation woody crops. These are evaluated and compared with other forest product uses. Background information is provided on existing life-cycle data and methods to evaluate prospective new processes and wood uses. Alternative management, processing, and collection methods are evaluated for their different efficiencies in contributing to national objectives., ********** Sustainably managed forests remove carbon from the atmosphere during their growth cycle, transferring that carbon by harvesting and processing to product carbon stores or fuels that displace fossil fuel-intensive [...]

Published
2012

122. Cover Image

Author

Corbett, Derek B., primary, Knoll, Charlie, additional, Venditti, Richard, additional, Jameel, Hasan, additional, and Park, Sunkyu, additional

Published
2020
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145. Techno‐economic analysis of hemicellulose extraction from different types of lignocellulosic feedstocks and strategies for cost optimization.

Author

Geng, Wenhui, Venditti, Richard A., Pawlak, Joel J., De Assis, Tiago, Gonzalez, Ronalds W., Phillips, Richard B., and Chang, Hou‐min

Subjects
*SUGARCANE, *HEMICELLULOSE, *SWITCHGRASS, *WHEAT straw, *PULP mills, *CAPITAL costs, *OPERATING costs, *CAPITAL investments
Abstract

Hemicellulose is a polymer found abundantly in lignocellulosic feedstocks, with many potential market applications. However, there has yet to be a large‐scale commercial process to isolate hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. A techno‐economic assessment for hemicellulose extraction from sugarcane bagasse, switchgrass, and poplar was made. Two isolation processes after alkaline extraction were considered: (1) producing total hemicellulose and (2) producing hemicellulose A (water‐insoluble fraction) only. In a greenfield scenario, a byproduct of the process is sugar, whereas in a co‐location scenario the biomass after hemicellulose extraction is returned to the pulp mill for its fiber value. Operating costs, capital investment, minimum hemicellulose selling price (MHSP), the effect of input material and product prices along with several other process parameters on the MHSP were determined for each scenario. Co‐location scenarios had a dramatically lower capital cost and MHSP relative to greenfield scenarios. This was due to co‐location scenarios utilizing existing biomass processing and utilities equipment and not requiring a sugar‐production process. Among the three biomasses, hemicellulose extraction from sugarcane bagasse had the lowest MHSP for all scenarios, mainly due to a higher hemicellulose extraction yield. Extraction of hemicellulose A from sugarcane bagasse in a co‐location scenario had a low capital cost of 56 million USD and had a reasonable MHSP of 274 USD/t (metric ton). This research indicates that there is reasonable economic potential for hemicellulose extraction from lignocellulosic biomass for applications to replace starch or as a starting material for the production of xylo‐oligomeric prebiotics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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146. Effect of Pulp Properties, Drying Technology, and Sustainability on Bath Tissue Performance and Shelf Price.

Author

Yuhan Wang, Zambrano, Franklin, Venditti, Richard, Dasmohapatra, Sudipta, Assis, Tiago De, Reisinger, Lee, Pawlak, Joel, and Gonzalez, Ronalds

Abstract

The relationship between the types of pulp, the tissue making technologies, and shelf price of bath tissue was evaluated for the North American market. Twenty-four market tissue samples (representing approximately 80% of the current market offering) were sourced and analyzed along with their nationwide price information. Pulp composition, drying technologies, market share, sustainability advertising, and tissue properties were evaluated. Tissue properties, including softness, ball burst strength, water absorbency, density, tensile strength, and tensile modulus were measured. Among all the drying technologies, creped through-air dry (CTAD) and creped through-air dry belt (CTADB) seemed to improve tissue softness most. The UCTAD maximized tissue bulk by drying the tissue web solely using a through-air (TAD) cylinder. Tissue samples with freeness between 575 to 650 mL seemed to have their properties improved more significantly through advanced drying technologies. It was found that the retail prices of these bath tissues were directly related to softness, bulkiness, water absorbency, and basis weight. A mathematical model was conducted to predict the retail price of bath tissue (based on product performance and attributes). This paper also identified the effect of “sustainability” on the retail price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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148. Cover Image, Volume 12, Issue 2

Author

de Assis, Camilla Abbati, primary, Iglesias, Maria Celeste, additional, Bilodeau, Michael, additional, Johnson, Donna, additional, Phillips, Richard, additional, Peresin, Maria Soledad, additional, Bilek, E.M. Ted, additional, Rojas, Orlando J., additional, Venditti, Richard, additional, and Gonzalez, Ronalds, additional

Published
2018
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149. Techno‐economic analysis of various biochemical conversion platforms for biosugar production: Trade‐offs of co‐producing biopower versus pellets for either a greenfield, repurpose, or co‐location siting context

Author

Reeb, Carter, primary, Phillips, Richard, additional, Venditti, Richard, additional, Treasure, Trevor, additional, Daystar, Jesse, additional, Gonzalez, Ronalds, additional, Jameel, Hasan, additional, and Kelley, Stephen, additional

Published
2018
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