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Blepharospasm is an act of involuntary blinking. In most of the cases, symptoms last for few days then disappear without any intervention. However in few cases, disease becomes chronic with symptoms of persistent blinking and the person will be able to open his eyes only with a great effort which could eventually lead to a functional blindness. Most of the times it is associated with ALO (Apraxia of lid opening). ALO is an inability to initiate voluntary eyelid opening following a period of eyelid closure. Manual lifting of the eyelid often resolves the problem and lid is able to stay open for a while thereafter. Botulinum toxin injections are the treatment of choice for both Blepharospasm and ALO, which is too expensive and at the same time have only a temporary improvement. In Ayurveda such condition is comparable with Kruchronmeelana which is postulated to be resultant of vata vitiation. Netrakalpana is the therapy of choice to treat above conditions. A single case study done at our department has shown significant improvement both in pain, blinking after the patient was subjected to Netraseka. Before Netraseka the same patient was treated with Aksitarpana which was done with triphala ghrita for seven days, but which hasn't produced much difference neither in pain nor in blinking. Netraseka was given with a specific kashaya for a period of 14 days following Tarpana therapy.

Due to increased competition of earning prosperity in today era human adopted not only lifestyle but also food habits of western culture which is chiefly responsible to derangement in their physiology and responsible to number of skin disorder like Yuvan pidika (acne vulgaris). In Ayurveda vitiation of Vata, Kapha and Rakta are etiological factor that give rise to Yuvan pidika. That is why there is a need of such treatment that contains Vata kapha shamaka and Raktasodhaka property. For this Varun quath Mukhaprakshal and Jatiphaladi lepa were selected for the study on 30 registered patients. Both drugs were applied twice a day for 15 days. This study shows highly significant result to ameliorate the symptom of Yuvan pidika especially on pidika. Both these drugs proved their efficacy to manage Yuvan pidika by making homeostasis of Vata, Kapha and Rakta.

Background: Sheetapitta (Urticaria) is one among the Tvak Vikara (Skin disease) that have similar Hetu (Cause) of Kotha and Udarda. Vata and Kapha are two "Doshas" (energies), which are primarily, disturbed which in turn is associated with Pitta resulting in Tridosha Prakopa (Aggravation of three energies) leading to redness, swelling itching on the skin etc. Symptoms include appearance of wheals all over the body with severe itching, burning sensation and pain. Symptomatology and causative factors of Sheetapitta can be considered similar to that of 'Urticaria'. Aim: This clinical study was carried out to evaluation of efficacy in Sheetpitta with special reference to Urticaria. Material – Navakarshik Kwath Ghan in dose of 2 tab of 500 mg twice a day with water after meal in duration of 15 days. Methodology – In this study include single group of 30 subjects of either gender in the age group of 16-60 years having complaining of reddish wheals, itching and pricking pain on body. Observation and Result – Data regarding age wise, sex wise, allergy wise, diet wise, Prakruti (Nature) wise, hematological parameters and UAS (Urticarial Activity Score). Conclusion – Internal use of Navakarshik Kwath Ghan is found effective in the severity of itching.

Vata is one of the fundamental patho-physiological entities with unique and dynamic properties. All actions inside the body, whether voluntary or involuntary, are governed by Vayu. Actions involved during natural physiological calls or urges, are involuntary, but partially under voluntary control. Classical texts from Ayurveda state that such natural urges (NU) should be strictly attended without disturbing their natural flow. Some urges can be intentionally or inadvertently initiated (Udiran) or suppressed (Dhaaran), redirecting the normal flow of Vayu, leaving scopes for severe morbidities in the heart causing cardiovascular disorders (CVD). Since Vata has unique attribute of Vega (locomotion) that moves in a specific direction, its intensities can be quantified with the help of modern techniques. Few studies have objectively evaluated the intensities of NU like belching, sneezing, expulsion of flatus, etc. during normalcy, which may help us to determine their altered activity during morbidity. In spite of such studies, their relevance to CVD is inadequately explored. Hence, this article addresses details of such NU that lead to CVD alone, from classical texts of Ayurveda, conventional medicines and technology that quantify their intensities. Citing research articles from various journals using keywords were done to understand their mechanism along with their intensities. It was found that objective estimation of few NU was performed extensively whereas some had limitations. Theories from the classical texts confirm that physiological NU, if allowed to flow freely without any impedance, assures good health. It would certainly benefit the mankind if their pathologic state is timely detected so as to prevent disease progression in CVD.

Meda is one of the most important plants included in Astavarga. This plant is used in variety of Ayurvedic formulations such as Cyavanprasa. Dried underground parts (rhizomes) of this plant are used for medicinal purpose. This plant is claimed to possess rejuvenating, health promoting, immune system strengthening, anti-oxidant and cell regenerating properties. Also claimed to promote body fat, healing fractures, control fever, abdominal thirst, diabetic condition, seminal weakness, and as a cure for Vata, Pitta and Rakta dosa. The demand of this herb is increasing day by day but due to scarcity of this plant in wild, unaware about authentic botanical source, non-existing cultivation practices there is widespread problem of adulteration or substitution with other plants. The poor quality of raw material affect the quality of end product formed. So by taking into account the above situation this systematic review/ metadata analysis has conducted to find out adulteration in Meda.

Basti is a special treatment of Ayurveda, among Panchakarma therapies. According to Bruhatrayee, Basti therapy is the best when we treat Vata related disorder. Basti has both preventive and curative perspectives. Basti describes as Ardha Chikitsa, because being the best in maintaining quality and quantity of life. Basti when used properly promotes physical development, complexion, strength, immunity and life span. Bruhatrayee described various types of Basti. Among various types of Basti, Niruha Basti is important type described by all Acharya. There are various opinions about Niruha Basti, its types, method of preparation, indications, contraindications, complications and uses. The present article is an attempt to compile information about Niruha Basti according to Sushruta.

An Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine. The primary purpose of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of healthy individuals and cure the disease of the diseased one. 'Rasayanchikitsa’ plays a vital role in keeping the health of an individual. Rasayanchikitsa also plays an essential role in infectious disease which spreads directly or indirectly from man to man, animal to animal or from the environment to animal or man. Rasayana promotes physical health, improve dhatus (tissues), acts as immunomodulation and rejuvenate the system. Rasayana, by its name, means obtaining good qualities of rasa & nourishing the rasadidhatus(tissues). The excellent quality of rasa directly governs the state of health of individuals. Rasayana therapy deals with the delaying process of ageing, prolongation of life and curing the disease. Acharya Sushruta says, "for better results, Rasayan therapy should be done after Panchakarma procedures like Vaman, Virechan and Basti depending on the individual's Vata, pitta and Kapha predominance. Strength, improving complexion, prolongation of life, energy, enhancing memory, immunity booster, etc. is obtained from Rasayan therapy. Rasayan drugs help by modulating the neuro-endocrine-immune system and also a rich source of antioxidants. Review of the role of rasayan in the prevention of new infectious disease like Covid 19.

In Ayurveda all the skin disease is kept under the topic “kustha roga”. Kitibha kustha is one of the kustha roga in which the skin becomes dull black, rough, dry like scar. It is vitiated by vata and kapha doshas. It can be clinically correlated with psoriasis in modern science. Psoriasis is the chronic inflammatory and hyper proliferative skin disease. Here, in the case a male patient of 42 years came with complain of scaly lesion all over the body since 32 years. Lesion was associated with itching and aggravated in winter season. The patient was clinically diagnosed with Kitibha Khustha (psoriasis). For the case sodhana and samana chikitsa was done. Patient got relief with in the treatment of 45days. Through the case it can be concluded that kitibha kusth can be cured by following the treatment protocol of Ayurveda.

Background: Stressful life, travelling, workout or ageing, all of them lead to one of the most common health problem known as low back pain. It is becoming a major health issue all over the world. Based upon the pathophysiology and symptoms of Katigatavata is equated with lumbar spondylosis which is a Vata dominant Sandhiroga affecting the Katee region. Kapha Kashya in the Pristha-asthisandhis leads to Rukshta and Vatakopa. To study the etio-pathogenesis and to evaluate effectiveness of Raktamokshana and Trayodashanga Guggulu in Katigata Vata (Lumbar spondylosis) Methods: A total of 30 patients of Katigata Vata were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups (15 in each group). In Group A (n = 15), Raktamokshana (cupping) was done at an interval of 15 days in two sittings along with placebo (roasted suji powder) capsules (PC) for one month. In Group B (n = 15), Raktamokshana (cupping) was done at an interval of 15 days in two sittings along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (TDG) for one month. Results: Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (Group B) has shown better result in compare to Raktamokshana along with placebo (Group A). Percentage relief in forward flexon was same in both groups, and complete remission of symptoms of Katigatavata was more in patients treated with Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu. Conclusion: Clincally Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (Group B) has shown better result in compare to Raktamokshana along with placebo (Group A).

Karnanada is the most common complaint encountered in clinical practice of ENT. Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound. Vata dominant Tridosha along with Rakta presents as the chief pathological factors in the case of Karnanada. Ghrita having property of Samskarasya Anuvartanata when processed with Vatashamaka drugs and having Rasayana guna becomes the best line of treatment for Karna-Nada. The test drugs Ashwagandhadya Ghrita and Dashmoola taila were prepared by following the recommended method mentioned in AFI. Total 30 patients were registered and randomly divided into two groups. An open labelled randomized comparative clinical trial (CTRI /2017/05/008456) dated 05/03/17) has been performed to assess the effect of Ashwagandhadya Ghrita and Dashmoola taila on Karnanada. The effect of treatment was observed both in chief complaints and associated complaints. On the basis of similarity between some etiological factors, symptoms and treatment modalities tinnitus can be correlated with Karnanada. Both the groups have shown highly significant result on Karnanada.

In today’s modern competitive world, people are oriented towards white collar jobs, use of computer and thus prone more to develop Manyasthambha which is an emerging morbidity in society. Manyasthambha is one of the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi with symptoms such as pain and stiffness is pacified through Vata Kapha management. It can be correlated to cervical spondylosis which is commonly seen in middle and elderly population. About 85% of males and 60-70% of the females shows degenerative changes leading to cervical spondylosis. Anti inflammatory, Analgesic is the drugs of choice in contemporary system of medicine. But all the analgesic is liable to cause many side effects particularly by repeated and prolonged usage. Ayurveda the age-old Indian system of medicine advocates a reliable management of Manyasthambha. Nasya is believed to have a note worthy role in relieving pain and stiffness within the cardinal feature of Manyasthambha. Yogasanas also help in relieving neck pain and stiffness around spine and strengthens, increases flexibility of the spine and para-spinal muscles. It increases blood circulation and reduces compression in nerve. Therefore, this study has been undertaken as an attempt to help the patients suffering from Manyasthambha in our society and also to evaluate the efficacy of these treatment modalities.

Sandhi Gata Vata is a clinical condition that comes under the heading of Vata Vyadhi where Prakupita Vata affects Sandhi and causes specific signs and symptoms. Lakshanas of Sandhi Gata Vata of Janu Sandhi resembles the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of knee. Osteoarthritis of the knee is more commonly found in women than men, and the prevalence increases dramatically with age. The major risk factors associated with osteoarthritis knee joint are old age, obesity, excessive usage of knee joint (occupational), which makes it an important cause of disability. A clinical study was conducted on 31 subjects by administering combination of Maharsnadi Kashaya with Shunti Churna and Matra Basti with Ksheerabala Taila and the results obtained were statistically analysed. Statistically significant reduction in Lakshanas of Janu Sandhi Gata Vata and WOMAC scores were noted.

As per Ayurveda, Janusandhigata Vata is one among Vatavyadhi and can be compared with Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint in Modern Medicine with respect to the similarity of symptoms. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of Grihadhumadi and Kottamchukkadi Upanaha in Janusandhigata Vata. Methods: Single blind randomized comparative clinical study allocated into 2 equal groups as A and B. Procedure: In Group A, Grihadhumadi Upanaha Sweda done for 7 days and in Group B, Kottamchukkadi Upanaha Sweda done for 7 days. Patients were examined as per the assessment criteria on 1st day before treatment, 8th day after completion of the treatment and 15th day as part of follow up. Observations and Results: Group A showed statistically highly significant effect in most of the criteria’s like Swelling, Stiffness, Tenderness, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Range Of Movements (ROM) and WOMAC INDEX. Group B showed statistically highly significant effect in Pain and Crepitation.

Ankylosing spondylitis belongs to group of Rheumatic disease known as spondyloarthropathies which show a strong association with genetic marker HLA-B27. Whereas the incidence of HLA-B27 is less than 1 percent in general population, it is present in more than 85% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In-flammatory back pain and stiffness are prominent early in the disease whereas chronic aggressive disease may produce pain and marked axial immobility and deformity. HLA-B27 is the most common findings in Ankylosing Spondylitis. In Ayurveda, no typical nomenclature has been found for the said disease but considering all sing and symptom of the patients, it can be treated as Asthimajjagata vata. No satisfactory treatment is available in modern medicine for this disorder. Various Panchakarma procedures and Ayur-vedic drugs have been proved useful for these manifestations. The patient was considered suffering from Asthimajjagat Vata (HLA-B27) and was treated with Guduchi, Dashamool and Erandmool as Niruha and Bala-guduchyadi Tail as Anuvasana for 16 days as Kal basti followed by Panchatikta ksheera sarpi Basti for 14 days (1 month) was given. Patients condition was assessed for symptoms of Asthimajjagat Vata (HLA-B27 positive). This study shows successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

Background: Amavata is a chronic immune-inflammatory systemic disorder caused by the formation of Ama and its association with Vata at Kaphasthana (joints) and can be simulated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Published evidences show that treatment indicated in Amavata is effective in RA. Increased inflammatory status in RA is suggestive of gut dysbiosis involving gut microbiota (GM). Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of diet on GM of RA patients based on Pathya ( dietary advice) mentioned for Amavata. Materials and Methods: Laghutrayis such as Bhavaprakasha Samhita, Madhava Nidana and Sharangadhara Samhita, Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Nighantus (Sanskrit glossary) such as Raja Nighantu, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Yogaratnakara, Ashtanga Hridaya also different databases were reviewed for Pathya of Amavata. Different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, DHARA, Google Scholar, Science Direct were searched with research papers establishing the role of nonnutritive bioactive components in horse gram, barley, garlic, ginger, drumstick leaves, cow urine and buttermilk in the management of RA were also reviewed. It was found that Pathya influences on the GM by lowering or inhibiting inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), 17 and leukotrines through Bowman-Birk inhibitors and polyphenolic compounds. Among them, Takra is already a proven probiotic. Gomutra augments B and T lymphocytes, IL-1 and IL-2, strengthening the immune system. Conclusion: It was concluded that Pathya Ahara mentioned for Amavata have a direct link with GM of RA patients. Even though the pharmacological actions have been clinically proven/practised, this review creates evidence for its scientific basis.

Ayurvedic science deals with treating the diseases and maintaining the health of the healthy. Panchakarma therapies are usually employed to eradicate the vitiated Doshas and aid in maintaining the equilibrium of these Doshas, which is the fundamental basis of health. Any one of the five Panchakarma therapies can be utilized, either singly or in combination to prevent or cure a disease. One such therapy is Basti Karma (Medicated Enema), which is an important treatment modality and it is thought to be Ardhachikitsa (50% of all the treatments required) by some Acharyas of Ayurveda. Classically, Basti is advocated to be administered in diseases of Vata Dosha predominance. Although Basti is administered in the Pakvashaya (rectum and Colon) its active ingredients spreads throughout the entire body, giving the desired outcome. Its action is multidimensional, though some consider it as a simple enema procedure. The therapeutic effect of Basti Karma can only be inferred through the efficacy of the procedure. In this article, an attempt is made to explain Basti Karma and its utility.

Basti is considered to have multifaceted effect as it cures the diseases of Shakha,Koshta,Marmas and Sarva Avayavas.Acharya Chakrapani mentions the unique concept of Churna Basti comprising of Saindhava Lavana, Sneha, Churnas(Rasna, Vacha, Bilwa, Shatapushpa, Ela, Putika, Madanaphala, Pippali, Devadaru, Kushta), Ushnajala and Amladravya as the key ingredients. These drugs possess ushna & teekshna gunas, Deepana-Pachana, Vata Kaphahara and Shula-Shothahara properties which may help in attaining Agni deepti, Laghutva, Nirama Lakshana and Shoolahara effect.Based on this concept,the ingredients are modified and is practiced in the management of Santharpanotha vikaras like Amavata. Amavata is the disease affecting Asthi and Sandhis wherein Ama and Vata are the initiating factors in the pathogenesis. Moreover, the chief pathogenic factors, being contradictory in nature poses difficulty in planning the line of treatment. Rheumatoid Arthritis can be correlated to Amavata on the basis of etiology, pathology, therapeutic signs and symptoms. The figures of prevalence vary substantially ranging from 0.3% to 2.1% of the population, with peak incidence in the fourth decade of life. A combination of Vaishwanara choorna, Rasna Saptaka Kashaya and Dhanyamla administered in Amavata is yielding beneficial effects as the ingredients possess the properties opposite to that of Amavata and therefore acts positively on the disease. Therefore, due to wide spectrum of disease, much prevalence in the society and lack of effective medicaments the present study was planned based on this concept and statistically highly significant effects (P>0.0001) were observed in the various assessment parameters of Amavata such as Sandhishoola, Sandhishotha, Sandhistabdhata , Sandhisparsa Asahyata etc. In overall effect of therapy maximum number of patients (40.12%) got marked improvement. Therefore, Churna Basti comprising of drugs possessing properties opposite to Ama can be considered as a good remedy in the management of Amavata.

Background: Katigraha (lumbago)is the condition which is characterised by Stiffness and Pain. Due to Vitiation of Vata in the Katipradesh. About 80% of the industrial population and 60% of the general population experience low back pain at some point of their life time due to wrong postural habits and psychological factors. Basti chikitsa is mainly useful in disorders related to Vata Doshas. Matrabasti is a type of Sneha Basti which can be given in all seasons without any strict regimen of Diet. It has Brumhana and Vatashamaka in nature. And Madhur Dravya (Ashwagandha Taila) is one such combination to pacify the Vata in Katigraha. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Madhur Dravya (Ashwagandha Taila) Matrabasti in Katigraha for relieving Pain and Stiffness. Settings and design: This was an open-labelled single arm interventional clinical study. Methods: Fifteen diagnosed case of katigraha were registered from the outpatient and inpatient department of Panchakarma and Madhur Dravya (Ashwagandha Taila) Matrabasti administered for 9 days. Statistical Analysis- The data were statistically analysed by using paired t test. Results: Highly significant (P< 0.0001) result was found in all the assessment parameter like Pain, Stiffness Schober’s Test and functional rating Index quaternary. Conclusion: Madhur Dravya (Ashwagandha Taila) Matrabasti is one of the best to relieve Pain and Stiffness in Katigraha.

Ayurved is the science of good long health and vitality. All possible vyadhis (disease) and their treatments classified under vata, pitta and kapha (tridosha) types. There have been mentioned 80 types of vata vyadhis (type of diseases) as per classical texts of ayurved. Uruthambha vyadhi (disease) is the type of vata vyadhi explained by acharya charak separately in Charak samhita other than mentioned 80 types. Urusthambha is caused due to avrodh (obstruction) of vata (type of dosha) by aama (indigested food) and meda dhatu (fat). It obstructs the natural karya (function) of vata in urupradesh (femoral region) due to which the patient has restricted or no movements of thighs. Hence it’s the avran (covering) of aama & meda dhatu to prakruta vata (normal vata)which produces difficulty in walking along with symptom as sthambha (stiffness) in uru Pradesh (thigh region) and hence known as urusthambha. Urustambha cases are very uncommonly seen and diagnosed in routine clinical practice and hence we thought to present the case which diagnosed & successfully treated with only ayurveda. A male patient aged 39 yrs was reported for OPD by us at Shree gajanan ayurvedic chikitsalay and panchakarma centre, panvel, navi mumbai, Maharashtra (Registration no- 2166) with complaints of difficulty in walking with extreme pain and stiffness in uru pradesh (thigh region).We diagnosed and treated for urusthambha with classical treatment mentioned as per charak samhita (ayurvedic text) and was recovered completely after the regular treatment. Patient showed progressive improvement with complete cure in the period of 1 year & 2 months with abhyantara (internal) and bahya chikitsa (external treatment).

Amavata is disease of Rasavaha strotasa it is generally compared with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Amavata is the outcome of Agnidushti, Amotpatti and Sandhivikruti. The therapy which normalize Agni, Metabolizes Ama, and Regulates Vata and maintain healthy Sandhi and Sandhistha Shleshma will be the supreme one for this disease. Many peoples in society are unaware about disease and its complications which is responsible for lifelong joint deformities. Many herbal as well as Ayurvedic preparations are mentioned in the classics which are very effective remedy in Amavata.

The burn scar and contracture cases are highly common. The burn scar is inevitable even after best effort and contracture is common complication after burn which restrict the movement of injured area. The healed burn scar cases lead to varying degrees of functional and aesthetic components. Many treatment modalities are available for their treatment. The occupational therapy, physiotherapy and surgical release of burn contracture are in practice but not cured easily. Ayurveda have different treatment modality for the treatment of wound and their complications one of them is Agnikarma. The Agnikarma is simply intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy and is in practice to reduce the Stabdhta (stiffness) in disease condition. The Agnikarma is indicated in diseases caused by Vata and Kapha doshas. The purpose of case report is to show the role of Agnikarma in releasing burn contracture and to make painless hand movement. The traditional Bindu type linear Agnikarma with the help of Tamra shalaka (copper rod) performed at the stiffness site followed by Ghritkumari (Aloevera Linn.) paste and Yastimadhu (Glycirrhiza glabra Linn.) powder application. The Agnikarma have effect in loosening and releasing of burn contracture. Finally, the patient got benefited.

The abnormal menstrual flow indicates heavy menses and scanty menstrual flow, both in amount and duration with associated symptom of pain in lower abdomen or back or vagina and can be counted as Vataja Rajodushti, Kshinartava and Artavakshaya in Ayurveda classics. Aims and objectives: In Ayurvedic classic, Uttarabasti is indicated in Yonivyapada (gynecological problems), Artava nasha (secondary amenorrhea), Artava Dosha (menstrual disorder) etc. Vatadosha is the prime cause of Yoni vyapada. Uttara basti has Vatashamak as well as Ropana and Shodhana property. Sahacharadi taila is indicated in Vata disorders including oligomenorrhea. Shatapushpa (Anethum sowa Kurz.) Churna is Arthavajanan. Materials and methods: From OPD 30 patients were selected randomly and divided into 15 patients in each Group A and Group B. Group A was given Shatapushpa churna orally 3times per day for 3 months and Sahacharadi taila Uttaravasti for 3 consecutive cycles. Group B was given placebo. Results were analysed by statistical analysis. Results and conclusion: Properties of Shatapushpa churna, Saacharadi taila with Uttarbasti might improve menstrual irregularities and bring down to normalcy.

Few studies aiming to develop a glue with an underwater reusable adhesive property have been reported because combining the two properties of reusable adhesion and underwater adhesion into a single glue formulation is a challenging issue. Herein, preparation of a simple mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and a well-known phenolic compound, namely, tannic acid (TA), results in an underwater glue exhibiting reusable adhesion. We named the adhesive VATA (PVA + TA). Using VATA, two stainless steel objects (0.77 kg each) are able to be instantly attached. In addition to the high adhesive strength, surface-applied VATA in water retains its adhesive capability even after 24 h. In contrast, cyanoacrylate applied under the same water condition rapidly loses its adhesive power. Another advantage is that VATA's adhesion is reusable. Bonded objects can be forcibly detached, and then the detached ones can be reattached by the residual VATA. VATA maintains nearly 100% of its initial adhesive force, even after 10 repetitions of attach-detach cycles. VATA bonds various materials ranging from metals and polymers to ceramics. Particularly, we first attempt to test the toxicity of the underwater adhesives using an invertebrate nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans and gold fish (vertebrate) due to potential release to the environment.

Trivrutadi gutika, is an Ayurvedic formulation described in Chakradatta which is useful in conditions such as Udavarta(reverse movement of vata), Vibandha(constipation)etc. It contains ingredients such as Trivrut, Pippali, Haritaki and Guda. It is prepared according to the standard Gutika Kalpana along with modern techniques of Tableting. In the present era, as the changing trends necessitated the establishment of standards for Ayurvedic drugs & formulations and development of reliable quality protocols using modern techniques of analysis is extremely important. Gutika(tablet) is standardised by different physicochemical parameters and chromatographic examination including HPTLC fingerprinting. All the parameters like uniformity of weight, loss on drying, disintegration time, friability, hardness, total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash were well within the norms specified by the Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia with respect to a tablet.

In the present era, Gridhrasi is the commonly occurring disease in both geriatric and middle age. It causes due to irritation of sciatic nerve. According to Ayurveda,vataprakopak nidanas i.e. depletion of dhatu and obstruction of channels are the causes of Gridhrasi. Vata plays a major role in pathogenesis of the disease but sometimes associated with kapha. Agnitundi Vati described in Sharangadharsamhita has the properties acting on both vata and kapha. To assess the efficacy of Agnitundi vati in the management of Gridhrasi, present study was undertaken in 30 patients of both types of Gridhrasi. 125- 250 mg of Agnitundi Vati was given orally, two times daily after meal with lukewarm water for total 21 days. It showed hopeful results in subjective and objective parameters of Gridhrasi. The study shows that Agnitundi vati is effective in management of both types of Gridhrasi, but more effective in vata-kaphaj Gridhrasi.

Background: Janu Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis of knee) is one of the most disabling musculoskeletal disorder. It is a type of Vata-vyadhi (Vata disorder), involving the Janu Sandhi (knee joint), whose symptoms include Shoola (pain), Shotha (swelling), Stabdhata (stiffness), and Atopa (crepitus). Ayurvedic texts recommend repeated use of Snehana (oleation) and Swedana (sudation) therapies for its management. In recent years, Marma Therapy has also been used for the management of various Vata disorders. Methodology: The present study explores the efficacy of Marma Therapy (on four Marma points of the legs, i.e. Kshipra, Gulpha, Indravasti and Janu) with Janu Basti (with Ksheerbala Taila) in the management of Janu Sandhigata Vata. The therapeutic procedure was administered for 9 days, with a followup of one month, when the patients did self-administration of Marma Therapy and massage at home. Twenty patients completed the study. Results: Significant improvement was observed in all the subjective parameters (Shoola, Shotha, Stabdhata, and Atopa) and objective parameters (WOMAC Index, Range of Motion, Walking Time) analyzed during the study. Mean values of all the parameters decreased continuously during the study period, including intervention time and follow-up. Verbal feedback taken about six months after the completion of the study period indicated almost complete relief for 4 patients (pursuing Marma Therapy regularly), and self-management by 10 others through regular Marma Therapy and massage. Conclusion: The present study illustrates the significant efficacy of the administered therapeutic intervention in the management of Janu Sandhigata Vata, both with regards to short-term relief, and long-term self-management.

According to Ayurveda Tvak and Nakha are the Updhatu of Asthi dhatu which is formed from asthi dhatu metabolism. In some individuals tvak is very sensitive organ; even environmental changes like cold, heat and other factors like cosmetics and chemical shampoo also occurred harmful effect on it that sometimes leads to kapalgat roga like darunaka w.s.r. Dandruff. Darunaka is also considering under the umbrella of kshudra rogas in Ayurveda. It is caused due to unbalance of dosha. Main Dosha are involved in darunaka is Kapha and Vata dosha. The condition like darunaka can be managed by comprehensive approach like diet, detoxification procedures along with some internal medication.

Kampavata is the disease considered among 80 nanatmaja vata vikara by Charakacharya . As kampana (tremors) is the cardinal feature of Kampavata , so it can be correlate with Parkinson's disease in modern science. Shamanaoushadhis (palliative medicines) and various Panchakarma treatments are advocated by different Acharyas for Kampavata. A 62 years male referred to our hospital for the treatment of Kampana (tremors). After the thorough clinical examination patient was given medicines viz, Tab Aswagandha 500mg each three times daily after food, Tab Vallari 500 mg each three times daily after food,Pratimarsha nasya with Dhanwantaram taila (101) as nasal instillation (2-2drops) in each nostril once daily in the morning in empty stomach and Shiropichu (anointing with medicated oil over head) at night with Dhanwantaram taila for a period of 3 months. The effect of treatment was assessed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) at base line (before treatment), after one month, after two months and at the completion of the treatment (after 3 months). At the end of 3 months marked improvement showed in maximum signs and symptoms (28.57%).

Insomnia is a very common sleep disorder in present’s era as it make hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or cause to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep. Insomnia causes many problems in day to day life such as tiredness, a lack of energy, difficulty in concentrating and irritability. As there is no permanent cure of insomnia in modern science because they use only Hypnotics and sedatives as its treatment but there are chances that the patient may get addicted to these particular drugs. In Ayurveda difficulty to fall asleep, stay asleep, or both are considered under heading of Nidranasha. According to Charaka, sukha, dukh, pusti, karshya, bala, abala, vrishtha, kleebta, gyanm, agynam jivan and maran all these factors depends on proper and improper nidra. In Nidranasha the main doshas which are involved are vata and pitta prakopa. So treatment of Nidranasha is mainly Vata-Pitta Shamak chikitsa. In Ayurveda there are a variety of treatments for insomnia. An attempt has been made in order to compile different types of treatment protocols for insomnia according to different acharayas.

Amavata is term derives from the word as Ama and vata.Ama is a type of metabolic toxin; it is an essential factor in development of pathology.Mandagni (low digestive fire) produce Ama in the body,when ama get associated with vitiated vata and starts circulating in the body accupies in shleshmal sthana(asthi sandhi) results in painful disease Amavata. Madhavakara (900 AD) has identified first time the disease.Amavata as seprate entity and discribed the disease in detail.Madhavakara describes etiopathology of amavata that the person with weak digestion (Mandagni) if he is posseses a secondary life (nishchalasya)or if he indulges into virrudha aaharaand vihara e.g.excessive exercise after taking heavy and fatty food,ama is produced and vata get vitiated. This ama provoks by vata (Vayuna preritah),Circulates in the body especially towards shleshmal sthanas. the resultant of cardinal symptoms of amvata are painful swelling of the joints (sarujashotham ) of hands,feet,ankle,knee,hip,Spinal column,and stiffness(jadyata),fever( Jwara),loss of appetite (aruchi),indigestion (apaka),Constipation(vibandhata),gurguling(antrakujanam)etc. this impairs the day to day functions of person.in spite of presence of NSAID,DMRD,steroids etc. the rheumatology remains refractory to treatment but Ayurvedic drug which are therapeutically safe and effectiveness.

Post operative pain management is always a challenge for ano-rectal surgeons. Haemorrhoidectomy is often involved with severe post operative pain and discomfort during defecation. Ayurvedic surgeon most of the time depends of contemporary medical science and uses analgesics, which has its own adverse effects. Many times mere oral ayurvedic medicines are not sufficient to mange post operative pain. Basti (enema with medicines) is regarded as best treatment for vata dosh vitiation. Vata dosh vitiation is the main cause for the pain. In post operative wounds also, trauma and blood loss lead to vata vitiation and causes pain. There are different types of basti’s explained in the classics. Matrabasti (enema with medicated oil) is a type of Sneha Basti which can be given in all seasons without any strict regimen of Diet. It is a procedure where a minimal quantity of medicated oil or medicated ghee is used in the form of enema. Post operative wound will aggravate vata and lead to pain. Hence matrabasti which is having minimal medicine is tried in post operative cases of haemorrhoidectomy. This increases time taken for the onset of pain after haemorrhoidectomy and also helps in easy evacuation of stools in post operative period.

Skin is the largest layer of our body which protects and shows shades of color of humans or any other creature on the earth. The most harshly and frequently used skin over body part is the sole of the foot, and it is also the most ignored skin part. Ayurveda is ancient science explained decades and is says that good foot/sole care lead to healthy eyes. Massaging ghrita over the sole of the foot helps in an increase in eyesight. Acharya Shruta explained a disease padadari (crack heels) under kshudra roga which includes symptoms like fissure’s and pain over sole/ heels3. He also explained chikaitsa of Padadari in brief. As Padadari is a vatapradhan roga it is important to treat vata and it is a locally affecting disease so local application medicine seems to be more effective. The best treatment for vata is tailam so by reference of Vaidya Manorama I took Snuhi tailam for study5. As it has ingredients like snuhiksheera, sarshap taila, saindhav which combinedly act as lekhana, snehana, vedanashamna and ropana.

Depressed mood, helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness were the symptoms present in more than 95% of the subjects. 33 subjects displaying the symptoms of Vishada (Depression) within the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Subjects with suicidal tendencies, other psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorders, and pregnant women were excluded. A dose of 6 grams of Brahmi Ghrita was given twice a day. The effect of the therapy was assessed using Hamilton’s Depression Rating Scale, and Self prepared. Rating Scale of Vishada, based on the scoring achieved by the subject before and after treatment. The result of the study can be summarized as follows - the overall effect of the therapy proves that after thirty days of treatment many symptoms of depression decrease in magnitude, with statistical significance. The drugs present in Brahmi Ghrita are Srotoshodhaka and medhya (purify the channels of the body and improves intellectual ability), Vatanulomaka ( corrects the direction of the flow of vata), Vatahara (reduce the level of Vata present in the body), and stimulant in nature. These properties inherently remove the avarana of Kapha and act on Vata. At this juncture, we can conclude that Brahmi Ghrita has good results in managing Vishada (Depression), within thirty days of treatment.

Due to sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise oseto-artritis i.e sandhigat vata is common in productive age group Sandhigata vata is a common vata predominant disorder. It begins asymptomatically in 2nd & 3rd decade . 90% of all people have radiographic features in the weight-bearing joints mainly the knee joint by the age of 40. In Sandhigata vata mostly janusandhi and some other major joints i.e.hip, knee, shoulder, etc. are involved. Out of these janu sandhi is commonly involved since it is weight-bearing joint and improper habit of standing and walking. Janu Sandhigata vata is caused by 2 factors i.e. a)Avarana janya and b)Dhatu kshaya janya. In this trial dhatukshaya janya Sandhigata vata was taken ,which is also known as nirupstambhit janu Sandhigata vata i.e osteoarthritis). To overcome this problem patients take regularly take NSAIDs, analgesic drugs, and steroids to relive the pain, but do not achieve good health. As there is no cure or ideal conservative management for this disease, this study definitely have good clinical results over modern medicine.

Arsha is a gift of modern diets and busy lifestyles & many people are suffering from some sort of Anorectal disorder. It may be simple constipation to complex carcinoma, in which prominent disorder is Arsha. Derangement of Jatharagni leading to vitiation of Tridosha, mainly vata dosha these vitiated Doshas get localized in Gudavali and Pradhana dhamani which further vitiates Twak, Mamsa, and Meda Dhatus leads to development of Arsha. The perianal skin is most pain sensitive, due to rich nerve endings. Hence even a mild form of disorder can produce great discomfort to the patient. On the basis of observation and statistics we got positive response for this parameters Malabaddhata 23 (71.88%), Abhishyandiahar 23 (71.88%), Guruahar 27 (84.38%), Diwaswap 18 (56.25%), Adhyashana 27 (84.38%), Prushtayana 29 (90.63%), Vegavidharana 32 (100%), Shavathu 24 (75%), Mamsashotha 19 (59.38%), Siragranthi 26 (81.25%), Amlika 21 (65.62%), Paridaha 18 (56.25%), Atop 28 (81.25%), Antrakujan 22 (68.76%), Gudaparikartan 32 (100%). In histopathology report we found fibromuscular tissue, stratified squamous epithelium, dilated and congested blood vessels which is the moolsthana of mamsavaha strotas. That means mamsavaha strotas dusti is co related with bahya arsha. This shows that there is significant correlation of origin of Bahya Arsha from Mamsavaha strotas dushti. Keywords- Arsha, mamsavaha srotas, dushti, malabaddhata, guda, histopathology

Prishtavamsha Sandhi (joints of vertebral column) is the Cheshtavantha Prathara (movable and floating) type of joint. Twenty four joints are present in Prishtavamsha (vertebral column). Intervertebral joints are the joints which connect vertebrae to each other consists of cartilaginous joints in between the vertebral bodies and synovial joint between vertebral arches. Sandhigatha Vata (osteo arthritis) is one among the Vatavyadhi, which can affect all joints in the body. Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis) will be dominated with symptoms like pain, swelling and impairment of function. In Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis), destruction occurs in the joints due to aggrevated Vata. But it is not clear about the type of destruction observed in the joints. To rule out the various structural changes observed in the joints of Prishtavamsha (vertebral column) this work is being undertaken. Among 100 patients suffering from Prishtavamsha Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis of vertebral column), all patients showed structural changes, 38% having Intervertebral disc prolapse, 22% having spondylosis, 20% having osteophytes, 8% with Osteosclerosis, 6% having spondylolisthesis, 5% with fractures and 1 with stenosis justifies structural changes (Hanthi Sandhi) occurs in Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis). All patients had pain and restricted movements, 80% patient had swelling which justifies the symptoms of Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis).

Introduction: Notion of Prakriti as an indispensable concept in Ayurveda has attained remarkable contemplation now a day’s owing to its generous effect in clinical practice. Assessment of Prakriti finds a way with huge inter and intra-rater variability resulting in ambiguous results. This study aims to develop a reliable Prakriti assessment tool. Materials and Methods: Many classical text books of Ayurveda were scrutinized scrupulously to collect the features of different Prakriti individuals. Features related to different Prakriti were kept in simple form. For statistical verification of newly designed tool; 428 students aged between 18-40 years studying different courses at Banaras Hindu University were registered. For validation; Prakriti assessment results of the newly designed tool was compared with other two beforehand tools functional in the Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS BHU. Observations and Result: A Prakriti evaluation tool was designed which had 43, 36 and 42 features of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Prakriti individuals in a very undemanding form. Reliability test result in the form of Cronbach’s coefficient Alpha was found to be 69, 77 and 81 respectively for Vata, Pitta and Kapha. It shows that the newly designed tool is fairly consistent. Cohen kappa coefficient value for tool pairs is 0.51 and 0.57 that corroborate validity of new tool. Conclusion: Results show that newly designed Prakriti assessment tool amalgamates the basic construction of different Prakritis that can be catered with objective precision in a reproducible outcome manner.

Background: Prakriti has important role in prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease and forecast of future disorders. Infants are more prone to develop various health problems like infections, due to poor immune system. This study shows relation between infantile age morbidity and their Prakriti (physical constitution) in present scenario. Material and Methods: For this longitudinal study 100 infants were registered for Prakriti assessment and their relationship with incidence of diseases. Performa for Prakriti assessment in infants was developed by Department of Kaumarbhritya/Balroga and Department of Kriya Sharira. This study was conducted in Kaumarbhritya OPD, SS Hospital, Banaras Hindu University (BHU). Observation and Result: In the present study, rate of morbidity in infantile age was found maximum in Vata Prakriti (6.6 episodes/infant/year) and minimum in Kapha Prakriti (1.54 episodes/infant/year). Incidence of morbidity was 2.41 episodes/infant/year. The commonest morbidities were respiratory tract infections (40.66%) and diarrhea (30.29%). Respiratory tract infection is most common morbidity in Vata Prakriti (33.3%), Kapha Prakriti (73.5%), Vata-Pitta Prakriti (48.1%) and Vata Kapha Prakriti (53.3%) infants. Diarrhea was the most common morbidity in Pitta Prakriti (32.2%) and Pitta-Kapha Prakriti (50.0%) infants. Discussion and Conclusion: Rate of morbidity was found more in Vata Prakriti and less in Kapha Prakriti infants which justifies the concept of Ayurveda that feature of Vata Prakriti is Shighravikara and Kapha Prakriti have Ashighravikara. Vata and Kapha Prakriti infants mostly suffer from respiratory tract infection and Pitta Prakriti infants mostly suffer from diarrhea. In present study incidence of morbidity was 2.41 episodes/infant/year and most common morbidity was respiratory tract infection and diarrhea.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by deficient dystrophin protein in the muscle. The main symptoms the patient presented were delay in expressive and receptive language development, visual discontent, hyperkinetic behaviour, and inability to initiate and maintain social contact with peers. The data obtained from the family, following clinical examination, laboratory investigation results and assessment of mental status were significant for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, hyperkinetic behaviour and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. In Ayurveda it has been classified under Medomamsa dusti further vitiates the Vata doshas occurs due to the Bheejabagahaavyava Dusti. In modern medicine there is no significant treatment available for this diseases while in Ayurvedic panchakrma therapy shows significant results in all signs and symptoms of this diseases.