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The article contains results of 3D modeling of seismic responses from fractured geological formations with use of grid-characteristic method on unstructured tetrahedral meshes with use of high-performance computation systems. The method being used is the most suitable for modeling of heterogenic domains exploration seismology problems. The use of unstructured tetrahedral meshes allows modeling of different geometry and space orientation fractures. That gives us possibility to solve the problems in the most real set.

The infrared reflection spectra of PbTe/CdTe multilayer nanostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are measured in the frequency range of 20–5000 cm−1 at room temperature. The thicknesses and high-frequency dielectric constants of the PbTe and CdTe layers and the frequencies of the transverse optical (TO) phonons in these structures are determined from dispersion analysis of the spectra. It is found that the samples under study are characterized by two TO phonon frequencies, equal to 28 and 47 cm−1. The first frequency is close to that of TO phonons in bulk PbTe, and the second is assigned to the optical mode in structurally distorted interface layers. The Raman-scattering spectra upon excitation with the radiation of an Ar+ laser at 514.5 nm are measured at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The weak line at 106 cm−1 observed in these spectra is attributed to longitudinal optical phonons in the interface layers.

Higher accuracy low temperature charge transport measurements in combination with precise X-ray diffraction experiment have allowed detecting the symmetry lowering in the single domain Tm0.19Yb0.81B12 crystals of the family of dodecaborides with metal-insulator transition. Basing on the fine structure analysis we discover formation of dynamic charge stripes within the semiconducting matrix of Tm0.19Yb0.81B12. The charge dynamics in these metallic nano-size conducting channels is characterized by broad-band optical spectroscopy that allowed estimating the frequency (~2.4 10^11 Hz) of quantum motion of the charge carriers. It is suggested that caused by cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in the boron sub-lattice, the large amplitude rattling modes of the Tm and Yb ions are responsible for modulation of the conduction band along [110] direction through the variation of 5d-2p hybridization of electron states., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures

The reaction of the bromide complexes [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)MBr2]2 [M = Rh (1), Ir (2); Cp = cyclopentadienyl] with AgBF4 in acetonitrile affords the tris(acetonitrile) μ-diborolyl triple-decker complexes [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(MeCN)3]2+ [Rh (3), Ir (4)]. The labile nitromethane solvates [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(MeNO2)3]2+, generated in a similar way, react with benzene and its methylated derivatives to give the arene triple-decker complexes [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(arene)]2+ [M = Rh (5), Ir (6); arene = C6H6 (a), 1,2,4,5-Me4C6H2 (b), C6Me6 (c)]. The structures of 5b(BF4)2, 5c(BF4)2, 6b(BF4)2 and 6c(BF4)2 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The electron-transfer ability of the arene complexes was ascertained by electrochemical techniques. In general, they are able to undergo two separate one-electron reductions reversibly. DFT calculations revealed structural changes caused by redox processes and satisfactorily predicted the redox potentials. The second reduction is accompanied by a η6 η4 hapticity change of the arene ligand. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that the Rh–benzene bond in cation 5a is weaker than in cyclopentadienyl analogues [(C5R5)Rh(C6H6)]2+; however, 5a proved to be the least reactive in benzene replacement with acetonitrile and mesitylene.

This paper discusses the synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive study of Ba-122 single crystals with various substitutions and various $T_c$. The paper uses five complementary techniques to obtain a self-consistent set of data on the superconducting properties of Ba-122. A major conclusion of the authors work is the coexistence of two superconducting condensates differing in the electron-boson coupling strength. The two gaps that develop in distinct Fermi surface sheets are nodeless in the $k_xk_y$-plane and exhibit s-wave symmetry, the two-band model represents a sufficient data description tool. A moderate interband coupling and a considerable Coulomb repulsion in the description of the two-gap superconducting state of barium pnictides favor the $s^{++}$-model.

The first derivative of the methylium cation with the triple-decker substituent, [CpCo(C

We present direct measurements of the superconducting order parameter in nearly optimal FeSe$_{0.5}$Te$_{0.5}$ single crystals with critical temperature $T_C \approx 14$ K. Using intrinsic multiple Andreev reflection effect (IMARE) spectroscopy and measurements of lower critical field, we directly determined two superconducting gaps, $\Delta_L \approx 3.3 - 3.4$ meV and $\Delta_S \approx 1$ meV, and their temperature dependences. We show that a two-band model fits well the experimental data. The estimated electron-boson coupling constants indicate a strong intraband and a moderate interband interaction.

Non-symmetrically substituted ruthenocenes CpRuCp´ (Cp´ = C5H4CHO (1a), C5H4COMe (1b), C5H4SiMe3 (1c), 1,3-C5H3(SiMe3)2 (1d), and Cp* (1e)) were synthesized in high yields by the reaction of [CpRu(MeCN)3]+ with cyclopentadienide anions. The structures of complexes 1a,b,d were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. According to the energy partition analysis data, donor substituents strengthen the interaction between the [RuCp]+ and Cp´– fragments, whereas acceptor substituents weaken the interaction. This bond is predominantly electrostatic (56—59%). Based on the calculated electrostatic potentials at the ruthe-nium nucleus, it is shown that the donor ability of the substituents decreases in the following order: NMe2 > NH2 > OMe > Me ≈ OH > Rc > Fc ≈ Allyl ≈ H > SiMe3 > CH=CH2 ≈ Ph > PH2 > > SH ≈ F > SiH3 ≈ C≡CH > Cl > Br ≈ I ≈ COOMe > COOH > COMe > CF3 > CHO > CN > NO2.

Summary Sarcoidosis is a systemic, inflammatory disorder, which in a proportion of patients runs a chronic progressive course despite immunosuppressive treatment. Therapeutic granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) has been shown to be an effective treatment option for other systemic inflammatory disorders, but has not yet been investigated in sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to GMA in sarcoidosis. Seven patients with sarcoidosis refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy received 10 GMA sessions. All patients underwent chest X-ray, spirometry, a Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ-SAS), blood tests and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before treatment and at 2–4 weeks and 3 months (except bronchoscopy) after the last treatment session. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell differential counts were recorded and T cells from blood and BALF were analysed for markers of activity, differentiation and T regulatory function. Compared to baseline, five of seven patients reported an improvement in dyspnoea score. In BALF there was an increase in the percentage of macrophages and a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and CD4+/FoxP3+T cells. Furthermore, the decrease in BALF CD4+/FoxP3+T cells correlated significantly with an improvement in dyspnoea score. In peripheral blood there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD4+/CD27−T cells and a trend towards an initial increase in the percentage of CD4+/FoxP3+T cells, followed by a statistically significant decrease. The effects of GMA on regulatory T cells are consistent with those observed in other inflammatory disorders and could potentially translate into a clinical benefit.

The Raman spectra of single crystalline RE (rare earth) tetraborides RE B 4 ( RE = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) are measured and analysed with respect to the dependence of the phonon frequencies on the rare earth metal. Phonons representing octahedral B 6 units are identified by comparison to the according phonon modes of hexaborides. Their relative force parameters are estimated.

The reaction of the thallium derivative [CpCo(μ-C3B2Me5)]Tl with [Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2 affords the μ-diborolyl bis(ethylene) triple-decker complex CpCo(μ-C3B2Me5)Rh(C2H4)2 (4). Structure of 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction. According to DFT calculations, the ethylene dissociation energies for the triple-decker complexes CpCo(μ-C3B2R5)Rh(C2H4)2 (R = H, Me) are ca. 6 kcal mol−1 lower than for cyclopentadienyl analogs (C5R5)Rh(C2H4)2. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that the bonding of anions [CpCo(C3B2R5)]− with [Rh(C2H4)2]+ is also weaker than that of [C5R5]−; the attractive interactions in both cases are 60–63% electrostatic and 37–40% covalent. The electrostatic potentials at the Rh nuclei suggest that the donor ability of the anions increases in the following order: Cp

The infrared reflection and transmission spectra of Bi2Te2Se single crystals grown by the modified Bridgeman method have been studied in the spectral range of 30–10000 cm−1 at temperatures of 5–300 K. The bandgap and its temperature dependence, optical function spectra, and concentration of free charge carriers in Bi2Te2Se have been determined.

The increasing complexity of the systems-on-a-chip, as well as their raising operating frequencies, leads to the more complex and accurate design of the systems for generating clock signals. In this case, it becomes important not only to define all the characteristics that directly affect the accuracy of the generated signals, but also the practical possibility of estimating them using computer simulation. The reason for this is that the numbers of systems, which require modeling, develop faster than the computing power of a data processor. This paper discusses the possibilities of analyzing clock generation systems to estimate the value of random noise. The development of data transmission interfaces seeksto increase the speed of information transmission, whereas this development is proceeding in several directions.Firstly, the increase in speed may be achieved refining modulation systems. Another way to increase the speed of information transfer is to change the data transfer protocol. However, the most effective method of increasing the data transfer rate for any interfaces is still to increase the transmission frequency, i.e. reducing the duration of a single interval, which leads to stricter requirements for both the transmitter and the receiver involved in the physical implementation of the data transfer interface (PHY).

The article deals with the peculiarities of modeling the characteristics of low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) in terms of their decoding. When decoding low-density parity-check codes in various communication standards, the iterative belief propagation algorithm (BP) and its various modifications - Pearl’s algorithm, sum-of-products algorithm - are widely used. In the article, special attention is given to this algorithm. The BP algorithm is a message-passing algorithm on a graphical model and consists of two basic messaging procedures between the nodes in the Tanner graph for LDPC code. The issues of constructing an effective architecture for an iterative decoder operating on the belief propagation algorithm in a heterogeneous system with massively parallel computing on a graphics processing unit are considered. It is shown that the use of the GPU allows to achieve a significant gain in decoding time with a sufficient size of the test matrix (a sufficient number of code and test nodes), obtained due to the parallelism of the architecture. Expressions for calculation of the size of the “working group” are given. The benefit of using a modified decoder architecture is estimated.

This work investigates the formation and propagation of scattered waves forming a response of crack structures on the seismologic record. The initial impulse is a flat wave front propagating into the depth of the medium. The paper considers the periodic structure of the scattered wave response from a system (cluster) of subvertical cracks. The procedures of estimation of geometrical parameters of such crack structures are based on numerical experiments. We use a grid-characteristic method to calculate the triangular grids with the formulation of boundary conditions at the interface of the medium and the cracks, as well as on the borders of the region of integration with the characteristic properties of the governing equations of the hyperbolic type. This numerical method makes it possible to build the most correct numerical algorithms on the boundaries of the integration domain and on the surfaces of the media division (interfaces) and to take into account the domain of the solution’s dependence and the physics of the problem (propagation of disturbances on the characteristic directions). This is why this method is perhaps the most suitable one for the numerical solution of dynamic problems with a distinct wave character in geologically substantially inhomogeneous media, in particular, for the considered problem of seismic waves interaction with fissured structures.

Cationic triple-decker complexes with a bridging diborolyl ligand, [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(ring)]+ (M(ring) = CoCp (2a), CoCp* (2b), RhCp (3a), RhCp* (3b), IrCp (4a), IrCp* (4b), Ru(C6H6) (5a), Ru(p-MeC6H4Pri) (5b), Ru(C6Me6) (5c), Ru(η6-cycloheptatriene) (6)), were synthesized by reaction of CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)Tl with [M(ring)Hal2]2. The structures of 2aBPh4, 2bPF6, 4aPF6, 5aOTf, and 5cPF6 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The electron-transfer ability of the complexes has been ascertained by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques. In general, they are able to shuttle reversibly in the sequence 2+/+/0/–, plausibly affording completely delocalized mixed-valence derivatives. DFT calculations revealed structural changes accompanying redox processes and satisfactorily predicted the potentials for the first reduction and first oxidation.

The dimeric triple-decker type halides [CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)MX2]2 (M = Rh, X = Cl, 1; M = Ir, X = Cl, 2; M = Rh, X = Br, 3; M = Ir, X = Br, 4) react with Me2SO and PPh3 giving adducts CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(L)X2 (5–12). The Me2SO ligand is S-bonded to the metal atom in the solid state, while in acetone it is O-bonded. Structures of 5–12 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

The reaction of CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5H) (1) with CpTl affords the thallium derivative CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)Tl (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction at 100 K. An “extra” hydrogen atom in 1 occupies a C–H···B bridging position. According to DFT calculations, 1 exists as a mixture of two enantiomers with an enantiomerization barrier of only 0.5 kcal mol–1. The transition state has Cs symmetry with an endo-CH hydrogen atom. The isomeric iso-1with the Co–H···B bridge is less stable than 1 by 10 kcal mol–1.The formation of 1 and iso-1 from C3B2Me5H and CpCo(C2H4)2 have almost equal activation energies. The isomerization of iso-1 to 1 was shown to proceed as a two-step hydrogen transfer. The bonding of the “extra” hydrogen atom in the related CHB-bridged carborane nido-2,3,5-C3B3R5H2 and metallacarboranes M(C5R5)(C3B2R′5H) (R, R′ = H, Me; M = Co, Rh, Ir) as well as their hydridic isomers MH(C5R5)(C3B2R′5) was compared. According to energy decomposition analysis, the bonding of the parent anion [CpCo(1,3-C3B2H5)]– with metal cations becomes stronger in the following order: K+ < Na+ < Tl+ < Li+ < [RuCp]+. The attractive interactions between the [CpCo(1,3-C3B2H5)]– and Tl+ fragments are 68 % electrostatic and 32 % covalent.

The results of infrared reflectivity measurements for the iron-based high-temperature superconductor Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2 are reported. The reflectivity is found to be close to unity at frequencies w lower than 2Delta/h (2Delta is the superconducting gap and h is Planck's constant). This is evidence for the s+/- or s+/+ symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in the studied compound. The infrared reflectivity spectra of Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2 manifest opening of several superconducting gaps at temperatures lower than critical Tc., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

All primary types of Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda deposited in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum are presented. The reference to the original publication, including the original generic position, the type locality, the collector and the size of the type specimen(s), is provided for each type, followed by information on the type in the NMSA collection (catalogue number, size of the type specimen, type locality and collector), other types mentioned in most recent publication(s) with the reference(s) to such publication(s), brief remarks and colour photographs. A lectotype is designated for Sepia (Rhombosepion) acuminata Smith, 1916.

The 86-electron dicationic octahedral rhodium clusters containing Cp (Cp = C5H5) ligands and either an interstitial carbon atom, [Rh6Cp6(μ6-C)]2+ ([1]2+), or two carbonyl groups, [Rh6Cp6(μ3-CO)2]2+ ([2]2+), were synthesized in low yields by reactions of Rh3Cp3(μ-CO)3 with RhCp(C2H4)2 or [RuCp∗(MeCN)3]+ (Cp∗ = C5Me5), respectively. The structures of [1]2+ and [2]2+ were determined by X-ray diffraction. Their electrochemical behavior proved that they possess a rather extended electron transfer activity. In accordance with DFT calculations, the nearly octahedral structure of [1]2+ and [2]2+ is retained both upon oxidation (2+/3+) and the first reduction (2+/+); however, the second reduction (+/0) results in the breaking of one (for [1]0) or two (for [2]0) Rh–Rh bonds. In the case of the related Dahl’s nickel cluster Ni6Cp6 the nearly octahedral structure is retained upon all redox steps (3+/2+/+/0/−/2−).

Nineteen stations were surveyed and 46 species of terrestrial molluscs were recorded from an 18×55 km area in the north-eastern corner of Mozambique. Three stations on Cabo Delgado (a peninsula at the northern extremity of the Quirimbas Archipelago) yielded 19 species that were not found on the inland-sampled area and 18 species that occur inland were not found on Cabo Delgado, with nine species inhabiting both areas. The main ecological difference between Cabo Delgado and the inland area is the abundance of limestone in the former and the total lack of it in the latter. The reference to the original publication, type locality, size of the type specimen(s) and summary geographical distribution as well as colour photographs are provided for each recorded species. One new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) is described from Cabo Delgado.

The results of the mathematical modeling of granulation from solutions in continuous fluidizedbed apparatuses with an external recycle are given. The analysis of the process using the proposed model is presented, and an example that is of practical interest is given.

Cationic triple-decker complexes [CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)Ru(arene)]PF6 (arene is benzene (2a), p-cymene (2b)) with a bridging diborolyl ligand were synthesized by the reaction of the sand-wich anion [CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)]− (1) with [(arene)RuCl2]2. The structure of [2b]PF6 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Triple-decker complexes with a bridging diborolyl ligand CpCo(μ-1,3-C3B2Me5)M(ring) (M(ring) = RuCp, 4; RuCp*, 5; Co(C4Me4), 6) were synthesized by electrophilic stacking of the sandwich anion [CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)]− with the [(ring)M(MeCN)3]+ cations. Structures of 4−6 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of the complexes prepared was studied. DFT calculations of the redox potentials were also performed. Similar bonding properties of anions [CpCo(1,3-C3B2R5)]− and [C5R5]− (R = H, Me) toward [M(ring)]+ cations were established both experimentally (synthesis, electrochemistry, and X-ray diffraction) and theoretically (energy decomposition and Mulliken population analysis).

The cationic triple-decker complexes [CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)M(C5R5)]+ (M = Rh (2), Ir (3), R = H (a), Me (b)) with the bridging diborolyl ligand were synthesized by the reaction of the sandwich anion [CpCo(1,3-C3B2Me5)]- (1) with the halide complexes [CpMI2]2 or [Cp*MCl2]2 (Cp* = C5Me5). The structures of [2b]PF6 and [3b]PF6 were established by X-ray diffraction. The nature of the metal—diborolyl bond in these complexes was analyzed using the energy decomposition scheme.

The B-phenylborole complex CpRh(η 5 -C 4 H 4 BPh) ( 1 ) reacts with [ML] + fragments to give the arene-type cationic complexes [CpRh(μ-η 5 :η 6 -C 4 H 4 BPh)ML] + (ML = RuCp ∗ ( 3 ), Co(C 4 Me 4 ) ( 4 ), Rh(cod) ( 5 ), and Ir(cod) ( 6 )). Cation 4 undergoes a reversible rearrangement into the triple-decker complex [CpRh(μ-η 5 :η 5 -C 4 H 4 BPh)Co(C 4 Me 4 )] + ( 7 ) under visible light irradiation in CH 2 Cl 2 solution. DFT calculations revealed greater stability of arene-type complexes over triple-decker isomers. The structure of [ 3 ]BF 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction.

Impaired immunological tolerance to commensal enteric flora is considered one possible pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given that regulatory T cells and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-positive cells are key actors in mucosal immune regulation, we aimed to identify the dynamics of these actors in the intestinal mucosa in relation to clinical improvement following selective leukapheresis treatment. Ten patients with active IBD despite treatment with corticosteroids, immunomodulators, or anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of colorectal mucosal biopsies obtained before and after five sessions (week 7) of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP). The presence of FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and TLR-2 and-4 positive cells was determined in relation to short-(week 7) and long-term (week 52) clinical outcome data. Following GCAP, the number of FoxP3-(P = 0.012) and TLR-2 (P = 0.008)-positive cells significantly decreased in biopsies after 7 weeks, in parallel with both clinical improvement at week 7 and a longstanding response after 12 months. Downregulation of FoxP3 and TLR-2 cells in the colorectal mucosa mirrors both short-and long-term improvement in patients with active IBD responding to GCAP. This observation suggests a potential role of these cells in the pathogenesis of IBD and the induction of immunological tolerance in the mucosa.

The review summarizes the results of the recent author’s research on the synthesis of triple-decker complexes with bridging borole ligand. Electrophilic stacking of sandwich compounds with [(ring)M] n+ (n = 1, (ring)M = (C5R5)Ru, (C4Me4)Co; n = 2, (ring)M = Cp*Co, Cp*Rh, etc.) cationic fragments were used as a general method of synthesis of the complexes. The influence of the substituent at the boron atom on the course of stacking reactions is discussed. The spectral, structural, and electrochemical properties of the complexes synthesized are also considered.

Operation of the Verkhne-Mutnovskaya Geothermal Power Plant (VMGPP) has revealed ineffective summer-time performance of air condensers (AC), which is caused by an insufficient heat reserve. Four alternate schemes are examined for improvement of the operational efficiency of the AC: replacement of the four-by five-tier heat-exchange modules; installation of high-output fans; a combination of the first two schemes; and, installation of additional sections in each power-generating set. Based on thermodynamic analysis that we have adapted for conditions at the VMGPP, it is established that the last alternate scheme is optimal, andwill have a payback period of six years, and a heat reserve of more than 40%, a figure approaching requirements now in force.

We analyzed changes in bioelectric impedance of the myocardium during cardiac surgery under conditions of cardioplegy. The results suggest the possibility of using bioelectric impedancemetry for evaluation of the state of the myocardium during surgery. Bioelectric impedancemetry allows evaluation of interstitium filling during infusion of the cardioplegic solution and reperfusion damage to cardiomyocytes.

The previous authors’ works have shown that the system of quasi-optimal linear spatial filtering, due to the restriction of this class of filters, related to the superposition principle, has very limited capacity to suppress the most critical interference spatially inhomogeneous background. Such partial suppression does not meet extreme approach requirements for providing high probability characteristics to detect small targets in the most difficult background conditions.In this regard, there is a conclusion that it is necessary to find a different approach, in which the result of the system operation in complex background does not depend on the level of the background noise at the input. This article performs an engineering synthesis of the system with the artificial visual intelligence elements, which recognizes a class of the small-sized radiating objects with the suppression of the most critical interference through nonlinear topological selection.Consideration of this problem begins with the formation of the filter-discriminator aperture, which is a basis for this theory, «echoing» with the theory of optimal nonlinear filtering spatial Poisson processes. Thus, formation of the optimized nonlinear filter structure is based on the optimal linear filter (Wiener filter) structure. As a result, there are three versions of filter apertures (4-, 8- and 16-connected ones), with one of which later providing operations of the object shape discrimination. The focus of the article is, mainly, on the 8-connected aperture, as the average in balance of efficiency and complexity option.The article pays considerable attention to development of signs and algorithms to select the objects by size and shape. It shows that selection on a uniform background is possible by the maximum value of the first derivative and to separate the most critical form of Markov’s field inhomogeneities and background brightness, as the fragments of component boundaries of macrostructure background – edges («steps») and targets, you must use the anisotropy coefficients of the first and second order. The result of using the system, most effectively separating of signs, was the formation of the so-called «areas of selection».Mathematical models of the target and interference of parametrically-stochastic approach, as well as simulation on a semi-natural test frame with a fairly complex background «scene», proved the fundamental capability of the synthesized circuits to suppress radically the sources of interference signals, which are tens and even hundreds times greater than the signals from targets at the input. Thus, unlike the method based on optimal linear filtering, this approach allows the nonlinear «blockers» to suppress completely interference previously recognized by topological discriminators.Control sampling of points of the semi-natural frame enabled us to estimate conditional probabilities of a true solution of the target detection problem. The estimate has shown that the obtained probability of missing the target and false alarm are quite acceptable the values that make up a few percent.Obtained results show the incomparable advantages in complex background situation of presented non-linear method as compared to its traditional linear analogues.

The article concerns the adaptation of a neural tract that recognizes a helicopter from the aerodynamic and ground objects by its acoustic radiation to the helicopter flight speed. It uses non-centered informative signs-indications of estimating signal spectra, which correspond to the local extremes (maximums and minimums) of the power spectrum of input signal and have the greatest information when differentiating the helicopter signals from those of tracked vehicles. The article gives justification to the principle of the neural network (NN) adaptation and adaptation block structure, which solves problems of blade passage frequency estimation when capturing the object and track it when tracking a target, as well as forming a signal to control the resonant filter parameters of the selection block of informative signs. To create the discriminatory characteristics of the discriminator are used autoregressive statistical characteristics of the quadrature components of signal, obtained through the discrete Hilbert Converter (DGC) that perforMathematical modeling of the tracking meter using the helicopter signals obtained in real conditions is performed. The article gives estimates of the tracking parameter when using a tracking meter with DGC by sequential records of realized acoustic noise of the helicopter. It also shows a block-diagram of the adaptive NN. The scientific novelty of the work is that providing the invariance of used informative sign, the counts of local extremes of power spectral density (PSD) to changes in the helicopter flight speed is reached due to adding the NN structure and adaptation block, which is implemented as a meter to track the apparent passage frequency of the helicopter rotor blades using its relationship with a function of the autoregressive acoustic signal of the helicopter.Specialized literature proposes solutions based on the use of training classifiers with different parametric methods of spectral representations, in particular, linear prediction and cepstrum, as well as methods based on wavelet transformations and robust learning. Adaptive approach allows solving tasks in a wide range of changing helicopter speeds.

The (borole)iodide complex [(η 5 -C 4 H 4 BPh)RhI] 4 reacts with the carborane anion [Carb′] − (Carb′ = 9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 ) giving (Carb′)Rh(η 5 -C 4 H 4 BPh) ( 2 ). Reactions of 2 with dicationic fragments [LM] 2+ afford the μ-borole triple-decker complexes [(Carb′)Rh(μ-η 5 :η 5 -C 4 H 4 BPh)ML] 2+ [LM = Cp ∗ Ir ( 4 ), (Carb′)Rh ( 7 )] or the arene-type complexes [(Carb′)Rh(μ-η 5 :η 6 -C 4 H 4 BPh)ML] 2+ [LM = Cp ∗ Rh ( 3 ), (Carb′)Ir ( 8 )]. The structure of 4 (BF 4 ) 2 was determined by X-ray diffraction.

Triple-decker complexes with a bridging borole ligand (C4H4BPh)Rh(μ-C4H4BPh)ML (ML = RuCp, 2a; RuCp∗, 2b; FeCp∗, 3; Co(C4Me4), 4; Ir(cod), 5) were synthesized by stacking reactions of [Rh(C4H4BPh)2]− (1) with cationic [ML]+ fragments. The structures of 2a,b and (C4H4BPh)Rh(μ-C4H4BPh)Rh(C4H4BPh) (6) were determined by X-ray diffraction.

A total of 562 species of snails and slugs are known from Jamaica, of which 505 (90%) are endemic. Both sympatric and allopatric species diversity are high and the terrestrial mollusk fauna is as diverse as any in the world for the size of the island. Although less than 15% of the original forest cover remains and deforestation continues, many snail species survive in the secondary forest that covers more than 25% of the land area. Perhaps as much as 90% of the mollusk fauna still exists, although some species have suffered great contractions of range. Tree snails of the genus Anoma (Urocoptidae) are the most critically endangered and some are probably already extinct. Many Jamaican species have naturally small ranges, so even with intensive sampling, establishing that a species is no longer extant is difficult, especially if the type locality is no more precise than “Jamaica”. A few endemic species, particularly those adapted to dry conditions, are expanding their ranges. Eight taxa formerly con...

Within the framework of PM3 molecular orbital approximation the thermodynamic function characteristics for the formation and geometrical structure of monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers of nondissociated n-carboxylic acids C(n)H(2n+1)COOH with n = 5-15 are calculated. It is shown that spontaneous aggregation of homologous fatty acids for the homologues with carbon atoms numbers n > or = 13 at the air/water interface can take place, leading to the formation of infinite plane rectangular clusters, whereas for the homologues with n < 11 spontaneous decomposition of large aggregates is energetically preferable. At the same time, the formation of trimers is more probable for the lower homologues (8 < n < 13). These results agree well both with the experimental data reported by various authors and with thermodynamic models developed earlier for soluble and insoluble monolayers. The slopes of the regressions calculated for the dependencies of the thermodynamic parameters on the alkyl chain length for all the clusters considered are all equal to each other. This fact indicates that the contributions of the CH2 groups to the thermodynamic characteristics of alcohols and acids are the same, and the differences in the formation of clusters by these substances should be attributed only to the differences in the structure and interactions of relevant functional groups. Therefore, it enables one to describe both acids and alcohols within the framework of the developed method, and it makes it possible to extend the proposed approach onto other classes of amphiphilic compounds.

New dinuclear ruthenium manganese complexes of general composition (bpy)2Ru(L)MnClx(H2O)2 (L is 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, 3,3′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl, or bis(pyrazolyl); x = 2 or 4) were synthesized by the reaction of (bpy)2Ru(L) with MnCl2 · 4H2O. These compounds and the starting mononuclear ruthenium complexes were studied by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods in MeCN. The position of the charge-transfer band RuII → L in the spectra depends on the donor-acceptor characteristics of the ligand L. For the dinuclear complex under study, the formal potentials of reversible one-electron oxidation of RuII are in the range of 0.9–1.2 V (vs. the standard hydrogen electrode), whereas oxidation of MnII occurs at more positive (by 0.1–0.2 V) potentials.

The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and engages cascades of events in the cytokine network. We, therefore, investigated the impact of bronchial allergen challenge in humans on the cytokine profile of circulating lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with allergic asthma were collected before and 24 h after allergen provocation. Patients who mounted a late-phase reaction were designated dual responders opposite to single responders. Whole blood cells were stimulated by mitogen and intracellular interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were detected by flow cytometry. The allergen challenge induced a decrease in IL-4+CD4+ cells in the patients (P = 0.05), and a significant decrease (P0.05) in IFN-gamma+CD4+ cells was noted in single, but not dual, responders. In addition, there was a significant difference (P0.01) with respect to the changes in the IFN-gamma+CD4+ cells comparing dual and single responders. No corresponding changes were observed in CD8+ cells. The data suggest a possible on-going traffic of IFN-gamma and IL-4+CD4+ lymphocytes into the bronchial mucosa in relation to an allergen challenge and generate the hypothesis that a difference exists between single and dual responders in this respect. Because the CD4+IFN-gamma-producing cells have the capacity to downregulate the T-helper type 2 response, a reduced capacity in this aspect might contribute to the pathophysiology in dual responders.

Background . Escherichia coli strains that cause cystitis posses virulence properties that facilitate their colonisation and persistence in the bladder. In Iran, despite the high number of the urinary tract infections, very few studies has been done to determine the role of these virulence properties in the pathogenesis of E. coli cyctitis. Patients and methods . Eighty-seven strains of E. coli , isolated from young adults with cystitis in Shiraz, Iran, were examined for the expression of type 1 and P-fimbriae, mannose resistant haemagglutination, haemolysin production, aerobactin-mediated iron uptake, O:K serotypes, biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Results . Seventy-six percent of the strains expressed multiple virulence properties. There was a significant correlation between the presence of aerobactin and the expression of type 1 fimbriae. All P-fimbriated strains produced aerobactin with 50% of them also coexpressing haemolysin. Of the 29 different O:K serotypes identified, 42% belonged to serotypes not commonly found among European serotypes associated with UTI. Strains of O groups 4 and 6 expressed more virulence factors than the others. A high resistance against ampicillin, trimethoprim and cotrimoxasol was observed among the isolates with 53% of the isolates showing multiresistance to these three antibiotics. Certain BPTs were also found among O:K serotypes with some containing strains of the same virulence profile. Conclusion . We conclude that certain colonal groups of E. coli are commonly associated with cystitis in young adults in Iran with strains possessing a combination of aerobactin and type 1 fimbriae being the dominant ones and belonging to serotypes not commonly found in Europe. We also conclude that the multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli strains causing cyctitis are highly prevalent in this part of the country.

The goal of a demonstration fusion reactor ceramic helium cooled (CHC) blanket test module (BTM) is to demonstrate a breeding capability that would lead to tritium self-sufficiency in the ITER reactor and to heat with parameters suitable for electricity generation. For validation of the CHC BTM breeding zones feasibility we have developed and fabricated two models for testing in an IVV-2M reactor. Structural material of the models is ferritic-martensitic steel. The breeder material is lithium orthosilicate in pebble-beds and pellet forms. The multiplier material is beryllium in pebble-beds and porosity forms. Cooling is provided by helium at 10 MPa. The tritium produced in the breeder material is purged by a flow of helium + 0.1% of hydrogen at 0.1–0.2 MPa. Designs of models are described and results of neutronic and thermo-hydraulic calculations are presented.

The benzene complex [(η6-C6H6)OsCl2]2 (1) was obtained in 97% yield from thermal or microwave-assisted reaction of Na2OsCl6 with 1,3-cyclohexadiene in aqueous ethanol. Further reaction of 1 with TlCp gives [CpOs(η6-C6H6)]PF6 in 75% yield. Treatment of [CpM(η6-C6H6)]PF6 (M = Ru and Os) with NaBH4 in wet THF affords the cyclohexadienyl complexes CpM(η5-C6H7) in almost quantitative yields. The structure of [CpOs(η6-C6H6)]BArF (BArF = [B((3,5-(CF3)2)C6H3)4]) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

The results of calculations and the. key design problems for the normal-conducting septum magnet for the Main Extraction Line of the TESLA linear collider are presented. The septum magnet is required to vertically deflect the so-called "spent beam" (after the interaction point) into the extraction line channel, while leaving the incoming (oppositely charged) beam undisturbed. The distance between the incoming beam and the copper septum is about 9 mm. The total length of the magnet core is 16 m. The 0.175 T magnetic field in 85 mm gap is produced by the copper winding and steel core. The septum is 5 mm thick. The stray field should not exceed 1 G. The septum-magnet should operate in the continuous regime. The required distribution of the magnetic field and the pole dimension of the septum-magnets have been calculated and optimized using two-dimensional models. A full-scale mock-up of one section of the septum-magnet has been developed and will be constructed for testing at the D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus.