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101. Réseaux de Neurones Convolutifs pour la Caractérisation d’Anomalies Magnétiques

Author: Cárdenas Chapellín, Julio José, Denis, Christophe, Mousannif, Hajar, Camerlynck, Christian, Florsch, Nicolas, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Agents Cognitifs et Apprentissage Symbolique Automatique (ACASA), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Apprentissage profond, méthodes magnétiques, geophysics, géophysique, réseaux de neurones convolutifs, méthodes magnétiques Deep learning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, convolutional neural networks, Deep learning, magnetic methods, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/emse-03278442/file/actes_CNIA_CH_PFIA2021.pdf; National audience; This contribution introduces the use of convolutional neural networks for the characterization of magnetic anomalies. The developed approach allows one the localization of magnetic dipoles, including counting the number of dipoles, their geographical position, and the prediction of their parameters (magnetic moment, depth, and declination). Subsequently, it will be tested on real data, for example, in the framework of pyrotechnic detection for unexploded ordnance prospection. Finally, an application to other geophysical methods will be considered.; Cette contribution présente l'utilisation des réseaux de neurones convolutifs pour la détection d'anomalies magnétiques. L'approche développée permet la localisation de dipôles magnétiques, avec le comptage du nombre de dipôles, leur position géographique et la prédiction de leurs paramètres (moment magnétique, profondeur et déclinaison). Elle sera ensuite testée sur des données réelles, dans le cadre par exemple, d'une détection pyrotechnique pour la prospection de munitions non explosées, avant d'envisager une application vers d'autres méthodes géophysiques.
Published: 2021

102. COMOKIT : un environnement générique et modulaire pour analyser les impacts des politiques d'intervention contre l'épidémie de COVID-19

Author: Chapuis, Kevin, Taillandier, Patrick, Gaudou, Benoit, Brugière, Arthur, Drogoul, Alexis, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Thuyloi University, Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], GAMA platform, simulation à base d'agent, COVID-19, plate-forme GAMA agent-based simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Depuis le début de la pandémie de la COVID-19, de nombreux travaux ont cherché à modéliser et comparer les impacts des politiques d'intervention non pharmaceutique. Cette volonté s'est cependant heurtée à la difficulté à pouvoir facilement prendre en compte la variété des cultures, des comportements et des contextes dans lesquels se déploient à la fois le virus et les politiques de santé publique. Initié pour soutenir les autorités vietnamiennes dans le déploiement d'interventions à l'échelle locale, l'environnement logiciel COMOKIT, qui repose sur un modèle à base d'agents, a été conçu dès le départ pour être modulaire et facilement déployé sur différents cas d'étude, quelles que soient la disponibilité et la qualité des données démographiques, géographiques et épidémiologiques. Intégrant des outils de construction de l'environnement géographique et de génération de populations synthétiques, COMOKIT permet une modélisation détaillée des individus et de leurs activités à une temporalité fine. Cet article présente son adaptation à la comparaison de l'impact de mesures de confinement dans le centre-ville de Nice.
Published: 2021

103. COMOKIT-Albatross: An agent-based, activity-based model on COVID-19 simulation

Author: Kim, Seheon, Soora, Rasouli, Chapuis, Kevin, Bhamidipati, Srirama, Brugière, Arthur, Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Thuyloi University, ANRS, RIN ESCAPE SG project, grant of the Normandie Region and European Union (FEDER), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, and ANR-16-CE39-0011,ESCAPE,Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation(2016)
Subjects: Activity-based model, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], COMOKIT, Albatross, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; COVID-19 may become a norm in our day-to-day life the way flu did. However, given the unique characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic, our societies are not ready to effectively respond to extensive changes such as expensive lockdowns or teleworking. Society cannot afford operating, in the long run, under lockdown restrictions. Therefore, policies so far adopted by many politicians is to impose and relax restriction measures on periodic basis to assure the economy and wellbeing of the society are guaranteed while being able to manage the influx of hospitalized citizens. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of these restrictive policies, which are typically hypothetical, is to large extent unknown to us. Most of the already implemented policies are defined around quarantining people (including infected and uninfected). The main goal of these quarantine-based policies is to reduce the exposure of the susceptible population to the disease. However, several activities remain vital for the society, e.g., grocery shopping, and medical work trips. Thus, modeling human activities and their mobility patterns is critical for studying the spatial transmission of infectious diseases in large-scale urban areas. Activity-based models (ABMs) have been developed by transport modelers in the past decades replicating the mobility of people with high temporal and spatial resolution. We are working with such model (i.e., Albatross) which can simulate data-driven activity pattern and travel of all people in the Netherlands which such fine granularity. Albatross mimics the decision-making process of the agent based on decision-trees derived from activity diary data. We understand from this model who interacts with who, where, for how long, how is using which transport mode and so on. In addition to location and modes of transportation of activities, detailed information about demographic attributes of people can be provided by Albatross. In epidemiology, it is essential to know age, gender, and any health background of individuals. Nonetheless, the existing SEIR (Susceptible – Exposed – Infectious – Recovered) models are completely blind to these attributes of people because of their intrinsic crude aggregation in time, space and demographics. Against this background, we plan to combine the activity-based model (Albatross) with an epidemiology agent-based model (COMOKIT). COMOKIT-Albatross is a dedicated custom adaptation of COMOKIT. It simulates the spread of COVID-19 at the scale of the Netherlands. A large-scale (multi-million agents) simulation with the aid of Dutch supercomputer Cartesius. The activity diary for COMOKIT comes from the pre-generated mobility agenda in Albatross. The daily activities in Albatross are modelled at the precision of a minute, while the default COMOKIT behavior is modelled at the precision of one hour. The atomic spatial unit of this extension is at a Dutch 6-digit Postal Block level compared to the building level in COMOKIT. Epidemiological dynamics for COMOKIT-Albatross has also been modified to take into account this larger atomic spatial unit. The larger spatial resolution makes it possible to simulate a wider region, and fits the required spatial distribution of activities as modelled in Albatross agenda generator.
Published: 2021

104. Three GAMA plugins to define agent behavior: Argumentation framework, Bayesian network and Machine learning

Author: Taillandier, Patrick, Sadou, Loïc, Salliou, Nicolas, Thomopoulos, Rallou, Couture, Stéphane, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: Agent-based simulation, Bayesian network, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Machine learning, GAMA platform, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Argumentation framework, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; GAMA provides several tools to model the behavior of agents: reflexes, BDI architecture, systems of differential equations, etc. Nevertheless, in the last few years different plug-ins have been developed to enrich these possibilities. We present here 3 plug-ins: the argumentation plugin, the Bayesian network plugin and the artificial learning plugin. The first one allows modellers to use the Dung’s argumentation system to simulate opinion dynamics [1, 2]. More precisely, this plug-in allows to explicitly represent agents’ own mental deliberation process from arguments towards an opinion, through the use of the argumentation system of Dung. This plugin was already used to study the adoption of vegetarian diets and digital tools in agriculture. The second plugin allows modelers to build a bayesian network, i.e. a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph, and make decisions based on them: typically, knowing the probability of a variable from a set of other variables. The last plugin based on the open-source library Weka [3] allows the modeler to use a large number of supervised (CHAID, JRip, Multi-layer perceptrons, SMO, J48, Random Forest...) and unsupervised (K-means, EM,DB-scan, Cobweb...) learning algorithms. In particular, this plugin allows to build a classifier from a set of instances and to use the classifier to classify new instances.
Published: 2021

105. COMOKIT advanced user interface: Dashboard

Author: Nguyen, Thanh Dat, Drogoul, Alexis, HUYNH QUANG, Nghi, College of Information and Communication Technology (CICT), Can Tho University [Vietnam] (CTU), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), ANRS, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: GAMA, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], dashboard, user-interface, COMOKIT, user interaction, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; GAMA is a modeling and simulation platform for creating simulations following a multi-agent approach. COMOKIT is a modeling kit written by GAMA for the purpose of analyzing and comparing the policies against the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic at the scale of a city. As a member of the COMOKIT project, with the mission of researching and developing to improve the user interaction and user interface on both GAMA and COMOKIT, we propose to develop a necessary feature for GAMA. That’s dashboard feature, a good means of communicating and analyzing information for the most fields today. Currently, GAMA platform provides users display chart types to support the analysis and visualization of data in the simulation, some of which have not yet available to put on a dashboard, for example: gauge type, metric type, data table type. However, the layout and the way to interact with the chart are limited, the output of simulation is not really user-friendly. This research will focus on creating a new syntax (GAML) in GAMA to use for displaying a dashboard in simulation. The generated syntax should be really easy to use, easy to understand and easy to edit. The dashboard is created allow users to arrange the charts depending on the research purpose. With the creation of a dashboard feature, it can be applied to specific research models such as COMOKIT, helping modelers to synthesize analytical data on the dashboard. From which to evaluate the results and effectivenesss of the research model correctly.
Published: 2021

106. comokit4py : a python package to ease GAMA model’s simulation integration into a high performance computing workflow

Author: Brugière, Arthur, Chapuis, Kevin, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANRS, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: covid-19, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], high-performance computing, Model exploration, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, software engineering, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Agent-based model (ABM) are a kind of computer model that makes it possible to simulate a set of autonomous interacting programs called agents in a shared virtual environment. Among other application field, it has been commonly used to simulate social phenomena such as urban segregation, opinion dynamic or epidemiological crisis. Recently, a research emphasis has been put on ABM to study in silico the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak of 2020, with few of them that had a great impact on global political responses. Among the model used COMOKIT has been design to simulate the every-day-life of inhabitant of various cities in Vietnam and test policy interventions for various COVID-19 spread scenarios. Such endeavor required huge computational power to handle a huge number of simulation replication over a large set of parameters. In this proposal we present a python package that enables to easily generate, explore and build reports for any COMOKIT experiment to be launched over High-Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure.
Published: 2021

107. Simulating innovation diffusion using agent based modeling, argumentation and the theory of planned behavior

Author: Sadou, Loïc, Couture, Stéphane, Thomopoulos, Rallou, Taillandier, Patrick, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, and ANR-16-CONV-0004,DIGITAG,Institut Convergences en Agriculture Numérique(2016)
Subjects: Theory of planned behavior, Agent-based simulation, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Diffusion of innovation, Argumentation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Agent-based simulation has long been used to study the dynamics of innovation adoption and diffusion. However, the vast majority of this work is limited to a simplified representation of this process, which does not make it possible to explain the reasons for an agent’s change of opinion, an element that is nonetheless fundamental to understanding the dynamics of innovation diffusion. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a generic agent-based model in which the knowledge of each agent is explicitly represented in the form of arguments, which carry information about the innovation. These arguments are the objects that the agents will exchange during their interactions. The advantage of this approach is that it allows to trace the state of knowledge of an agent in order to understand the evolution of its behavior in front of an innovation. We also propose to represent the decisional model of the agents with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This theory, very classical in psychology, offers an integrative framework to formalize the behavior of agents. In TPB, the intention to behave is derived from three variables: the attitude, the subjective social norm and the perceived control of the behavior (PBC). The attitude represents the knowledge and opinion that an individual has about a behavior - in our case the adoption of the innovation. The subjective social norm is the individual’s perception of the adoption intention of his/her social network. Our proposal is to compute the attitude of the agents from their knowledge about the innovation, modeled as an argument graph, using the same approach as the one proposed by [2]. Concerning the social norm, we propose to be inspired by the work of [1], who suggests that during an interaction between two individuals the influence of one on the other depends on the opinions and the certainties that they have on the subject. At last, concerning PBC, which is specific to the type of innovation studied and to the individual concerned, we propose to transcribe it in the form of a variable specific to each individual, which may or may not be constant depending on the case of application. An application of this model is proposed to study the diffusion of communicating water meters by farmers on the Louts River (South-West of France).
Published: 2021

108. An Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Understanding Land-use Adaptation in the Mekong Delta under the Context of Climate Change

Author: TRUONG, Chi Quang, Gaudou, Benoit, Taillandier, Patrick, HUYNH QUANG, Nghi, Drogoul, Alexis, Can Tho University [Vietnam] (CTU), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: land-use change, climate change, Agent-Based Modeling, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], farmer decision, GAMA platform, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, the combined effects of fluctuations in the benefit of agricultural and seafood production, management policies and environmental changes (increase of saltwater intrusion due to subsidence and sea level rise, increase of the length of drought periods because of the elevation of temperatures and the decrease of freshwater availability) have seriously affected the agricultural production of the coastal provinces in the Mekong Delta. Adaptation of farmers take many forms, including deep changes in their agricultural practices and land-use in order to maintain their income. However, the somewhat uncontrolled conversion of farming systems to follow market demand and get immediate profits will in some cases negatively impact the environment (degradation of soils, increase of salinization) and locally disrupt the long-term land-use plans established by provinces, normally designed to be sustainable at the global scale. In this work, we focus on land-use decision in the Mekong Delta. This region is planned to be a sustainable land-use types, but farmers tend to shift from rice to shrimp farming systems due to economic reasons. These decisions endanger the planned sustainable development of the area and the effects of infrastructures built to reach the plan. It is thus necessary to study and forecast this conversion to support the land-use planning and recommend the best suitable strategy to farmers. However, this forecasting work is currently lacking tools. It is mainly based on the human-made land inventory carried out every 5 years, which is obviously made under times and human resources limitations. This work aims to apply an Agent-based model to support managers' decision-making and to provide a picture of the future to encourage people to choose land-use types. The model is designed by agent-based approach where farmers are represented as the cell from the land-use map and the description of their states and behaviors. The simulation will let them interact and from these interactions, the dynamics of the system is expected to emerge. Decision-making process is based on the multicriteria analysis in which farmers will thus have to make their decisions given environmental, climate and socio-economic changes. The input data for verification and calibration of the model have been collected from the existed land-use map in 2015 and interpreted from Sentinel 2 satellite images in 2020 for the land-use. The climate change scenarios are forecasting to 2030. The results of the experiments showed evolutions of land-use in 2030 with climate change scenarios to analyze farming risks when the environment (including temperature, rainfall, water volume) and prices change in a harsher direction.
Published: 2021

109. An Agent-Based Model for Preemptive Evacuation Decisions During Typhoon

Author: Rodrigueza, Rey C., Chapuis, Kevin, Estuar, Ma.Regina Justina E., Ateneo de Manila University, Sorsogon state university, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Preemptive Evacuation Decision, Agent-Based Model, Typhoon, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Natural disasters continue to cause tremendous damage to humans’ lives and properties. The Philippines, due to its geographic location, is considered a natural disaster-prone country experiencing an average of 20 tropical cyclones annually. This condition necessitates the need to study what can be done to mitigate the effects of weather-related disaster. Understanding what factors significantly affects decision making during crucial evacuation stages could help in making decisions on how to prepare for disasters, how to act appropriately and strategically respond during and after a calamity. In this work, an agentbased model of human behavior during typhoon evacuation is presented. In the model, civilians are represented by households and their evacuation decisions were based from their calculated perceived risk. Also, rescuer and shelter manager agents were included as facilitators during the preemptive evacuation process. National and municipal census data was employed for the model, particularly for the characteristics of household agents. Further, geospatial data of a village in a typhoon-susceptible municipality was used to represent the environment. In the model, household agents are placed randomly on buildings while rescuers roam the area. Shelter managers are in designated evacuation shelters and are stationary. Additionally, conceptualized formulas are provided to attain the individual evacuation decision of household agents. The decision to evacuate or not to evacuate depends on the agent’s perceived risk which also depends on three decision factors: characteristics of the decision maker (CDM); capacity related factors (CRF); and hazard related factors (HRF).Weights are assigned to each decision factor to assess their impact on the model outcome. Finally, the number of households who decided to evacuate or opted to stay as influenced by the model’s decision factors were determined during simulations. Linear regression was used to determine significant predictors to determine evacuation decision. Sensitivity analysis shows that all parameters used in the model are significant in the evacuation decision of household agents. Findings also show that total evacuation decision is more sensitive to weights assigned in capacity related factors, specifically type of house, floor level and past typhoon experience.
Published: 2021

110. Mixed-traffic agent-based simulation based on Bezier curve

Author: Lê, Ngoc, Gaudou, Benoit, Nguyen-Ngoc, Doanh, Dang-Huu, Tu, Ngo, Duong, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Thuyloi University, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, and GAUDOU, BENOIT
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traffic Modeling, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MA] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Agent-Based Model, Bezier curve, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Mixed-Traffic, Microscopic Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, the rapid development of infrastructure and means of transportation has required scientists to provide a systematic framework to analyze their impacts. Various works have been dedicated to the understand of vehicles movement patterns through cellular automaton models, with some notable works includes car-following model, lane-changing model, and gap acceptance model. However, while many agent-based models have been developed for cities' structured traffic patterns, many challenges still exist in modeling practical situations where different vehicle types do not always follow by lanes. Here, we introduce a new approach for mixed-traffic simulation using agent-based modeling, which comes with three novel developments: (1) naturalistic representation of stochastic collision at junctions, which could potentially be used to study the rate of traffic accidents in the mixed-lane traffic setting. (2) integration of Bezier curve into GAMA agent-based platform to improve the accuracy in modeling autonomous vehicles trajectories. (3) a pipeline to integrate our model with GIS data and real-time traffic information, which could be combined with other combinatoric optimization frameworks for logistics applications.
Published: 2021

111. COMOKIT BUILDING: simulating the impact of NPI against Covid-19 at building scale

Author: Taillandier, Patrick, Nguyen-Ngoc, Doanh, Dung Do, Ngoc, Drogoul, Alexis, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, ANRS, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], NPI, Covid-19, SEIR, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, agent-based epidemiological model, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Since the appearance of Covid-19, many models have been developed to answer the question of what policies to implement to minimize its spread. Among these models, some are interested in the propagation inside buildings. Many works have indeed highlighted the impact of propagation in closed environments. It is in this context that we have developed the COMOKIT BUILDING model. This model is part of the COMOKIT framework (COVID-19 Modeling Kit) [1]. COMOKIT BUILDING is based on the model proposed by [2]. As in this model, the agents represent individuals who will come to do activities in the building. For that, each agent has an agenda that defines the activity it has to perform according to the time. They will then move in the building to go to their activity place and realize it. However, contrary to the model [2], which is primarily interested in the risk taken by individuals over a day, we are interested impact of the preventive measure over a longer period. Thus, we use the epidemiological model of COMOKIT (SEIR) to describe the evolution of the disease for individuals. In addition, taking inspiration from [2], we defined three types of transmission vectors (direct, airborne and via surfaces). Several types of interventions are taking into account: masks, physical distancing, room ventilation, physical barrier, etc. The model was implemented using GAMA 1.8.2 and takes advantage of some new features of this version, in particular the use the newly integrated pedestrian plugin for the agent movement. An application of the model to study the impact of prevention measures on the spread of the virus in a Hospital in the city of Danang in Vietnam will be presented. This hospital was at the origin of the formation of a cluster. Since then, several clusters have appeared in hospitals in Vietnam, making the issue of preventive measures in hospitals a major challenge for the Vietnamese government.
Published: 2021

112. GAMA: 14 years and counting

Author: Drogoul, Alexis, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: Platform, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], IDE, modeling language, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; GAMA in 2021 is more or less 13 years old, depending on where we place the starting point of this great adventure. Heir of a series of modeling “platforms” (MANTA, EMF, …), first born as an extension of RePast to facilitate the handling of geographical data within agent-based models, influenced by great ancestors such as NetLogo, RePast, SWARM or CORMAS, made possible by the advent of IDEs such as Eclipse, the popularity of meta-modeling or the progresses in open-source code sharing, progressively provided with capabilities going well beyond the strict implementation of agents in agent-based models, used for applications that no one had foreseen ten years ago, GAMA does not have an exactly linear history ! While this (apparent) lack of roadmap has probably prevented a wider adoption of GAMA in the industrial (and even academic) world, it has allowed it to evolve with an amazing agility, and to be in particular flexible when incorporating other modeling approaches, open to new technologies and concepts, while remaining accessible to users and modelers. This presentation, hopefully avoiding making a boring summary, will go through some of the main stages of the short history of GAMA with the aim of triggering discussions and providing insights on how the platform can – and should -- evolve in the future: i.e, what mistakes not to make again? Which lessons can we draw from these 13 years in terms of agility and organization of the development of GAMA? Which forgotten development path could or should be promoted again?
Published: 2021

113. The traffic plugin of GAMA

Author: Pham, Minh Duc, Taillandier, Patrick, Saval, Arnaud, Tranouez, Pierrick, Caron, Clément, Daudé, Éric, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MADNESS project, grant HN0002110 of the Normandie Region and European Union (FEDER), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, and ANR-16-CE39-0011,ESCAPE,Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation(2016)
Subjects: Traffic Simulation, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], GAMA Platform, Agent-based Modeling, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Modeling traffic is about as old as car traffic itself. Among the existing modeling approaches, one of the most popular for traffic simulation is agent-based modeling. Agent-based models enable to describe each driver as an autonomous agent, making decisions based on its own aptitudes and local environment. With these models, each vehicle moves according to surrounding infrastructure and vehicles, accelerates and slows down according to its environment while maintaining a safe distance with other cars. These last few years have seen the number of traffic agent-based frameworks (MATSim, SUMO...) increase significantly. While these frameworks are appropriate for the study of normal traffic conditions, it is often complex to adapt them, in particular for non-computer scientists, to more specific application contexts such as the study of the impact of uncommon events (e.g. car accidents, evacuation following a technological disaster). In this context, we present the traffic plugin of the GAMA modeling and simulation platform, allowing the modeler to easily define new easily-tunable microscopic traffic simulations with a detailed representation of the driver’s operational behaviors. In particular, it allows the integration of road infrastructures and traffic signals, change of lanes by driver agents and their tendency to follow norms [2]. Moreover, the tool allows for city-level simulations with tens of thousands of driver agents. In addition, its latest version offers the possibility to define vehicles occupying different numbers of lanes allowing to simulate mixed traffic with cars, motorbikes, bus, etc. In addition, this version improves the speed management of vehicles by using the classic IDM (intelligent driver model) model. The plugin was validated and uses in many applications cases in France and in Vietnam, in particular to simulate city evacuation in disaster contexts [1].
Published: 2021

114. GAMA/Unity: an interactive end-user interface for participatory modelling with GAMA

Author: sklab, youcef, Marilleau, Nicolas, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: Agent-based simulation, Participatory modelling, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Participatory simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, several agent-based simulation models have been produced to study complex systems in a wide range of domains. Three main stages are conducted: modelling, simulation and analysis of results, which represent the main focus of the majority of proposed agent-based simulation tools [1]. Participatory modelling aims at using modelling in support of a decision-making process involving stakeholders in one or several stages of the modelling process [2]. Participatory simulation aims at allowing stakeholders to interact with a simulated model at runtime, often through a serious game [1]. However, most of the existing agent-based simulation tools do not support the involvement of the stakeholders in the modelling and simulation process. In fact, this makes them unsuitable for situations that require real-time interaction with the stakeholders. For instance, for building serious games as a support for decision-making processes. In such situations, it is necessary to simplify interactions and integrate relevant feedbacks among complex systems into the model. So, the stakeholders can make direct changes within the simulation process, as well as see the results of their changes almost instantly. In light of the voids identified above, we aim to evolve GAMA to support participatory modelling. So, we developed a new tool, called GAMA Unity Client, that allows the visualization of simulations on different devices without having to install GAMA (e.g. devices running under android), and more importantly, allows stockholders to set up simulations and interact with the model during the simulation process. GAMA Unity Client consists of two parts: a GAMA plugin that implement a new agent’s skill (called unity) and a Unity Client, as a Unity generic scene that can be installed in different devices, with different operating systems. So, it relies on the GAMA platform; which offers several multi-agent modelling and simulation tools and ii) Unity; which is a cross-platform game engine. GAMA Unity Client relies on two existing tools in GAMA: i) The network skill, to manage network connections and messages exchanges and ii) The remote plugin which provides a reliable mechanism to publish (expose) data values to distant clients when changes occur during simulation. Here, the model is run on a distant GAMA platform, and the stockholders can interact with the model using the Unity Client on different devices connected to the network. The communication between the Unity Client and the GAMA Platform is made using the MQTT protocol.
Published: 2021

115. COMOKIT: a brief synthesis of the Gama supported agent-based framework to study NPI against Covid-19

Author: Chapuis, Kevin, Taillandier, Patrick, Gaudou, Benoit, HUYNH QUANG, Nghi, Brugière, Arthur, Drogoul, Alexis, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Thuyloi University, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Can Tho University [Vietnam] (CTU), ANRS, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, and Nicolas Verstaevel
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], NPI, Covid-19, SEIR, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, agent-based epidemiological model, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Since its emergence in China late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly around the world. Faced with this unknown disease, public health authorities were forced to experiment, in a short period of time, with various combinations of interventions at different scales. The scientific community has quickly emerged as a centerpiece to resolve the various puzzles the virus was the origin of, including how to flatten the curve of infection, limit the spread of the pandemic, create and dispatch the vaccines, and what could be the treatments. One of the main expectations from policy makers was to be able to help them build an appropriate response and forecast the consequences: this has put lights upon epidemiological models like never before. To meet this demand, we have developed an agent-based modeling framework called COVID-19 Modeling Kit (COMOKIT), designed to be generic, scalable and thus portable in a variety of social and geographical contexts. COMOKIT combines models of person-to-person and environmental transmission, a model of individual epidemiological status evolution, an agenda-based 1-h time step model of human mobility, and an intervention model. It is designed to be modular and flexible enough to allow modelers and users to represent different strategies and study their impacts in multiple social, epidemiological or economic scenarios. Since its first version (COMOKIT 1.0 - presented in (Gaudou et al., 2020)), COMOKIT has deeply evolved, through different related projects such as the ANRS COMOKIT project, COMOKIT Camps on the transmission of covid in refugee camps, COMOKIT Azur on the impact of morpho-functional characteristics of cities or neighborhoods on the spread of the disease, COMOKIT Albatross on a large-scale application of COMOKIT in the Netherlands using data for the construction of individuals’ agendas: enrichment of the population generation process, better consideration of the link between the simulated territory and the outside area, accounting of variants and new types of interventions (e.g. vaccination), dashboard to better visualize data, multilevel modeling, etc. In this presentation, we propose to go back over COMOKIT, its evolutions, but also to look at the impact of COMOKIT on the development of the GAMA platform. Indeed, all the efforts put in COMOKIT have greatly shaped ideas for the future development of GAMA, mostly questioning the link between the platform, data and decision-making process.
Published: 2021

116. An Agent-Based Co-modeling Approach to Simulate the Evacuation of a Population in the Context of a Realistic Flooding Event: A Case Study in Hanoi (Vietnam)

Author: Kevin Chapuis, Huynh Quang Nghi, Benoit Gaudou, Alexis Drogoul, Taha Amine Elwaqoudi, Eric Daudé, Arthur Brugière, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Doanh Nguyen-Ngoc, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Thuyloi University, Can Tho University [Vietnam] (CTU), Mohd Hafiz Mohd, Md Yushalify Misro, Syakila Ahmad, Doanh Nguyen Ngoc, ANR-16-CE39-0011,ESCAPE,Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation(2016), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Agent-based model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Dam failure, co-modeling, GAMA Platform, 020701 environmental engineering, Natural disaster, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Flood myth, Warning system, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Flooding (psychology), population evacuation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 13. Climate action, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], dam break, business
Abstract: International audience; According to recent studies, Vietnam is one of the twenty countries most affected by natural disasters in the world, and particularly by floods either on the low elevation coastal zones (risk of submersion) or along the Red River and the Mekong River (risk of flooding). In this context, dams are both means of mitigation but also threats given the possible failures and ruptures. The authorities must, therefore, prepare warning systems and evacuation plans for the downstream population to avoid loss of life. Agent-based models are now the approach of choice to support such preparedness by considering the system as a whole and integrating dynamics of different natures: hydrology, population behavior, evacuation, crisis management, etc. To design such a decision-support tool, modelers generally need to couple different formalisms, such as diffusion equations when considering the hydrodynamic part, and agent-based modeling when considering inhabitants’ behaviors. This is the goal of the ESCAPE project, which uses agent-based simulations to explore evacuation strategies and contribute to the development and evaluation of evacuation plans. In this study, to improve the ESCAPE framework, we propose to combine a hydraulic dam failure model with an agent-based evacuation model using the GAMA platform. We focus on the evacuation of a Hanoi city (Vietnam) district, threatened by flooding due to the failure of the Hoa Binh dam located more than 80 km upstream of the city. We demonstrate how to methodologically and operationally couple a hydrodynamic water diffusion model (implemented using the HEC-RAS software) and a multi-paradigm evacuation model (using the ESCAPE framework). Our goal is to extend and enrich this population evacuation model by coupling it with flood simulation.
Published: 2021

117. Experimenting the Impact of Pedestrianisation on Urban Pollution Using Tangible Agent-Based Simulations: Application to Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam

Author: Benoit Gaudou, Nguyen-Huu Tri, Arthur Brugière, Nicolas Marilleau, Kevin Chapuis, Minh Duc Pham, Arnaud Grignard, Alexis Drogoul, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thuyloi University, University of sciences and technologies of hanoi (USTH), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, MIT media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institut Rhône-Alpin des systèmes complexes (IXXI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), French Embassy in Vietnam funding, Mohd Hafiz Mohd, Md Yushalify Misro, Syakila Ahmad, Doanh Nguyen Ngoc, HoanKiemAir project, Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Pollution, Decision support system, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, 02 engineering and technology, Pedestrian, Interactive Simulation, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Urban traffic, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Urban planning, Air Pollution, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, GAMA Platform, Closure (psychology), Environmental planning, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Agent-based model, 020207 software engineering, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 13. Climate action, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Business, Agent-Based Model
Abstract: International audience; The development of permanent or temporary pedestrian areas, whether for leisure or to decrease air pollution, has become an integral part of urban planning in numerous cities around the world. Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, began to implement its first area, around the iconic Hoan Kiem lake, a few years ago. In most of cases, however, road closure is likely to deport traffic to nearby neighbourhoods with the consequences of intensifying congestion and, possibly, increasing air pollution in these areas. Because this outcome might appear counter-intuitive to most stakeholders, it is becoming more and more necessary to analyse, assess and share the impacts of these developments in terms of traffic and pollution shifts before implementing them. In this project, we used the GAMA platform to build an agent-based model that simulates the traffic, its emissions of air pollutants, and the diffusion of these pollutants in the district of Hoan Kiem. This simulation has been designed so as to serve either as a decision support tool for local authorities or as an awareness-raising tool for the general public: thanks to its display on a physical 3D model of the district, people can effectively and naturally interact with it at public venues. Although more accurate data and more realistic diffusion models are necessary and will need further research in the future, the simulation is already able to reflect traffic and air pollution peaks during rush hours, allowing residents and developers to understand the impact of pedestrianization on air quality in different scenarios.
Published: 2021

118. Underground ancient mine work ventilation modeling

Author: Nicolas Florsch, Joseph Gauthier, Christophe Ars, Dynamiques patrimoniales et culturelles (DYPAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Archeology, Engineering, Ventilation system, Computer simulation, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business.industry, Airflow, Excavation, Computational fluid dynamics, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, law.invention, Work (electrical), Mining engineering, law, Numerical modelling, Ventilation (architecture), Duct (flow), Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, business, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Air quality index, Mining archaeology, Breathability
Abstract: Excavations at the Giro mine located in the commune of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (France) have revealed a metallic and cylindrical artifact that resembles a connecting element for wooden duct sections. Early modern literature, and especially De Re Metallica, mention such technologies intended in particular to force the ventilation of underground mines in which air quality was harmful for miners. The connecting element was found in a gallery leading to a stope of which ventilation seems problematic. The numerical simulation of the air flow in the tunnel makes it possible to test the ventilation hypotheses formulated from archaeological data. These simulations are performed with OpenFOAM, a free and open source software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulating not only the air flow, but also the heat and CO2 production of five miners at work highlights the need to force ventilation in the underground with a ventilation system. It also appears that the construction of scaffolding in the stope can fulfill the double function of facilitating circulation and improving ventilation. This first quantitative approach to one of the main obstacles to mining offers a new method for testing the solutions implemented by miners of the past.
Published: 2021

119. How is the evolution of tumour resistance at organ-scale impacted by the importance of the organ for fitness?

Author: Benjamin Roche, Frédéric Thomas, Cindy Gidoin, Beata Ujvari, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Deakin University [Burwood], Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC), Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Evolution, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Trade-off, Biology, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, Models, Biological, Metastasis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cancer risk, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, medicine, QH359-425, Humans, Computer Simulation, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, Natural selection, Resistance (ecology), Incidence, Reproduction, Cancer, medicine.disease, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Organ Specificity, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Tumorigenesis, Carcinogenesis, Research Article
Abstract: Background A strong variability in cancer incidence is observed between human organs. Recently, it has been suggested that the relative contribution of organs to organism fitness (reproduction or survival) could explain at least a part of the observed variation. The objective of this study is to investigate theoretically the main factors driving the evolution of tumour resistance mechanisms of organs when their relative contribution to organism fitness is considered. We use a population-scale model where individuals can develop a tumour in a key organ (i.e. in which even a small tumour can negatively impact organism fitness), an auxiliary organ (i.e. in which only a large tumour has a relatively significant impact) or both organs because of metastasis. Results Our simulations show that natural selection acts in two different ways to prevent cancer in a key and an auxiliary organs. In the key organ, the strategy mostly selected is the highest resistance and only a high cost of resistance mitigates this behavior. Inversely, we observe that a low resistance strategy can be selected in the auxiliary organ when the development of the tumour is slow and the effect of a large tumour on the mortality of the organism is relatively weak. Nevertheless, if the tumour can spread to a key organ, higher resistance strategies are selected in the auxiliary organ. Conclusion Finally, our study demonstrates that the relative contribution of organs to the organism fitness and the metastatic propensity of the tumour influence the evolution of tumour resistance at organ scale and should be considered by studies aiming to explain the variability in cancer incidence at organ-scale. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1298-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

120. PCR assay for chromosome 1p deletion in small neuroblastoma samples

Author: Olivier Delattre, Marline Peter, Elise Sonsino, Jean Michon, Yusuke Nakamura, Sylvia Neuenschwander, Gilles Vergnaud, Gilles Thomas, Jean-Michel Zucker, Philippe Vielh, Div. of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vergnaud, Gilles, Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] ( UMMISCO ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop ( UCAD ) -Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-University Cadi Ayyad ( UCA ), Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] ( IGM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers ( U830 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Cancer Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neuroblastoma, 0302 clinical medicine, law, medicine, Humans, Polymerase chain reaction, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chromosome, DNA, Neoplasm, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Variable number tandem repeat, Oncology, chemistry, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Agarose gel electrophoresis, Chromosome Deletion, Ethidium bromide
Abstract: International audience; Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 is among the most recurrent cytogenetic alterations found in neuroblastoma and has been associated with short survival. However, this prognostic information, which relies on time-consuming techniques, is not yet routinely exploited. In order to set up a reliable and simple routine test to determine 1p deletion in neuroblastoma, we have used the polymerase chain reaction to genotype neuroblastoma DNA at 2 loci containing a variable number of tandem repeats and located on the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining of the amplification products enable a simple determination of constitutional and tumor genotypes at these loci to be made. A total of 37 samples from 29 patients were studied with this technique. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) could be identified in 8 cases. In each case the results obtained were in agreement with those achieved by the Southern procedure. This technique will be of particular interest in the pretherapeutic analysis of 1p deletions in small tumor samples obtained by fine-needle aspirates of the primary tumor. It should also enable retrospective studies from paraffin-embedded tumor fragments to be made and provide information for the analysis of tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma and in other tumors with 1p deletions.
Published: 1992

121. Using the COMOKIT model to study the impact of the morpho-functional organization of cities on the spread of COVID-19

Author: Chapuis, Kevin, Taillandier, Patrick, Gaudou, Benoit, Brugière, Arthur, Drogoul, Alexis, Araldi, Alessandro, Fusco, Giovanni, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANRS (agence autonome de l’Inserm) - Maladies infectieuses émergentes (project COV15 of the COVID19-Sud Flash 2020 call for project), rue de Tolbiac, Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], GAMA platform, COVID-19, morpho-functional city organization, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, agent-based simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Introduction : Are some urban environments more resistant than others to cope with a pandemic such as the one caused by COVID-19? This question is at the heart of many debates because this pandemic reminds us how vulnerable urban populations can be. It invites us to explore how policies could take advantage of the knowledge of local epidemic dynamics in given morpho-functional contexts to become more place-specific.
Published: 2021

122. Simulating the diffusion of innovations using agent-based models, formal argumentation and the theory of planned behavior

Author: Sadou, Loïc, Couture, Stéphane, Thomopoulos, Rallou, Taillandier, Patrick, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Thuyloi University (WARM Team)
Subjects: planned behavior, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Agent-based simulation has long been used to study the dynamics of innovation adoption and diffusion. However, the vast majority of these works are limited to an abstract and simplified representation of this process, which does not make it possible to explain the reasons for an agent's change of opinion, an element that is nonetheless fundamental to understanding the dynamics of innovation diffusion. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose an agent-based model of innovation adoption and diffusion based on a classical theory of psychology, the theory of planned behaviour, and on formal argumentation. Each agent thus has the opportunity to exchange arguments with another agent and to build his/her opinion on an innovation from the set of arguments he/she knows. An application of this model is proposed to study the diffusion of communicating water meters by farmers on the Louts River (southwestern France).
Published: 2021

123. Étude et modélisation des impacts des pratiques agricoles sur la dynamique de la distribution des communautés microbiennes des sols à l’échelle du paysage

Author: Laurie DUNN, Nicolas Marilleaub, Lang, Christophe, Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), and EL Mjiyad, Noureddine
Subjects: pratiques agricoles, écologie microbienne des sols, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, modélisation multi-agents, outil d’aide à la décision (OAD), modélisation participative, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Les micro-organismes telluriques, de par leur abondance et leur richesse, jouent un rôle centraldans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et sont des bioindicateurs intéressants pour évaluerl’impact des pratiques agricoles sur la qualité des sols. L’enjeu est de favoriser leur utilisationpour accompagner l’innovation dans le monde agricole. Cette thèse a pour objectif de permettreune meilleure compréhension des dynamiques spatiales et temporelles des communautésmicrobiennes du sol à l’échelle du paysage. Pour cela, nous proposons de modéliser cesdynamiques et de partager les connaissances aux acteurs du monde agricole via un OAD (outild’aide à la décision). Le paysage de Fénay (1200ha, Dijon) est un terrain d’expérimentationpermettant de répondre à ces objectifs au travers d’un échantillonnage intensif (267 points en2011, 2016 et 2019) qui caractérise les communautés microbiennes et les paramètres physicochimiquesdu sol en regard de l’inventaire réalisé sur les pratiques agricoles. L’abondance descommunautés microbiennes et la richesse procaryotique suivent une distribution spatialehétérogène au sein du paysage et varient localement au cours du temps. Les ressources du solcomme les pratiques agricoles impactent l’abondance et la diversité microbienne de manièresdifférentes. Des dépendances temporelles des communautés microbiennes aux pratiquesagricoles antérieures ont été observées, traduisant des effets cumulatifs et de précédent. En nousreposant sur des données multi-sources, un modèle multi-agents intégrant des paradigmesécologiques et sociaux a été développé et permet d’anticiper les impacts des pratiques agricolessur plusieurs années. Sa validation est réalisée via une exploration du modèle et des ateliersparticipatifs.
Published: 2021

124. Altered subcutaneous adipose tissue parameters after switching ART-controlled HIV+ patients to raltegravir/maraviroc

Author: Soraya Fellahi, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Christine Katlama, Véronique Pelloux, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Jacqueline Capeau, Rohia Alili, Karine Clément, Bruno Fève, Emilie Capel, Edi Prifti, Lambert Assoumou, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Henri Mondor, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriomics) (UMR-S 1269 INSERM - Sorbonne Université), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CETAF-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (UMR-S 1269) (Nutriomics), Service de Nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Subcutaneous Fat, Adipose tissue, HIV Infections, Maraviroc, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Raltegravir Potassium, Adipocyte, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, Insulin, Raltegravir, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Endocrinology, Adipose Tissue, chemistry, Adipogenesis, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect on anthropometric, metabolic and adipose tissue parameters of switching ART-controlled persons living with HIV (PLWH) from a protease inhibitor regimen to raltegravir/maraviroc. DESIGN Sub-study of the ANRS157 ROCnRAL study with the investigation of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy at inclusion and study end. METHODS We performed lipoaspiration of paired SCAT samples, histology on fresh/fixed samples and examined the transcriptomic profile analyzed using Illumina microarrays after RNA extraction. Statistical analyses used the Wilcoxon-paired test. RESULTS The patients (n = 8) were mainly male (7/8), aged (mean ± standard error of the mean) 54.9 ± 1.2 years, BMI 26.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2, CD4+ 699 ± 56 cells/mm3, all viral load (VL)
Published: 2021

125. Vulnérabilité face aux catastrophes naturelles : comportements de mise en protection et gestion de l’évacuation en cas de crue rapide

Author: Kevin Chapuis, Isabelle Ruin, Alexis Drogoul, Thi Thu Trang Ngo, Benoit Gaudou, Tien Dung Tran Ngoc, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université nationale du Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh City - Université des sciences sociales et humaines (HCMUSSH), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), GAUDOU, BENOIT, Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MA] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: ISBN: 978-604-9857-88-1 ; ISSN: 2525-2488; International audience; Dans le contexte de crues rapides en milieu urbain, le temps de réponse des populations est un facteur majeur de réduction des risques. L’intervalle entre la survenance de la crue et la mise en protection des populations est principalement impacté par le caractère rapide de l’aléa, par la structure du tissu urbain perturbant les dynamiques d’évacuation et par le contexte institutionnel de prévention et de mise en alerte des pays. Les approches de simulation à base d’agents visent à modéliser conjointement la dynamique de l’aléa avec celle des populations exposées pour proposer des solutions permettant de réduire les vulnérabilités individuelles lors de ces événements à dynamique rapide. La perspective proposée dans cette contribution est construite sur une analyse d’enquête de terrain, prolongée d’une modélisation des comportements de mise en protection et de leur simulation informatique à l’aide de systèmes multi-agents.
Published: 2021

126. FisherMob : Un modèle bioéconomique de la mobilité des pêcheurs

Author: Brochier, Timothée, Bah, Alassane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Individual based model, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], fisheries, Afrique de l'Ouest, West Africa, fishers mobility, Modèle individu centré, pêche, prix variable, mobilité des pêcheurs, variable price, migrations des pêcheries
Abstract: Sea fishing is a highly mobile activity, favoured by the vastness of the oceans, the absence of physical boundaries and the abstraction of legislative boundaries. Understanding and anticipating this mobility is a major challenge for fisheries management issues, both at the national and international levels. "FisherMob" is a free Gama tool designed to study the effect of economic and biological factors on the dynamics of connected fisheries. It incorporate the most important processes involved in fisheries dynamics: fish abundance variability, price of the fishing effort and ex-vessel fish market price that which depends on the ratio between offer and demand. The tool uses as input a scheme of a coastal area with delimited fishing sites, fish biological parameters and fisheries parameters. It runs with a userfriendly graphic interface and generates output files that can be post-processed easily using graphic and statistical software.; La pêche maritime est un secteur d’activité où l’on observe une très forte mobilité, favorisée par l’immensité des océans, l’absence de frontières physique et l’abstraction des frontières législatives. Comprendre et anticiper ces mobilités est un défi majeur pour les questions de gestion des pêcheries, au niveau des pays comme à l’international. “ FisherMob ” est un outil dont l’objet est la modélisation multi-agents des interactions entre facteurs économiques et biologiques sur la distribution de l’effort de pêche et de l’impact sur la dynamique des pêcheries. Les principaux paramètres du modèle concernent la biologie des populations de poisson exploité, la distribution géographique des sites de pêche, les caractéristique de la pêcherie (coût de l’effort de pêche, capturabilité, mobilité) et enfin les caractéristiques du marché (relation de demande en fonction du prix). En fonction de ces paramètres, l’évolution de la densité de poisson, de l’effort de pêche et du prix au débarquement émergent du modèle et déterminent la dynamique de la pêcherie. L’outil possède une interface ergonomique permettant de faire varier facilement les paramètres et de visualiser les résultats des simulations en temps réel. De plus, des fichiers intégrant tous les résultats sont générés à chaque simulation permettant un post-traitement des résultats avec des outils spécialisés graphiques ou statistiques. Un premier cas d’étude concret est présenté, basé sur la pêche artisanale sénégalaise, qui a montré les potentiels de l’outil pour l’aide à la gestion des pêcheries transfrontalières. Enfin, des développements de cet outil sont suggérés.
Published: 2021

127. FisherMob : un modelo bioeconómico de las migraciones de los pescadores

Author: Brochier, Timothée, Bah, Alassane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Afrique de l'Ouest, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), migrations des pêcheries, Individual based model, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], FOS: Biological sciences, fisheries, West Africa, fishers mobility, Modèle individu centré, pêche, prix variable, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, mobilité des pêcheurs, variable price, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
Abstract: Sea fishing is a highly mobile activity, favoured by the vastness of the oceans, the absence of physical boundaries and the abstraction of legislative boundaries. Understanding and anticipating this mobility is a major challenge for fisheries management issues, both at the national and international levels. ''FisherMob'' is a free Gama tool designed to study the effect of economic and biological factors on the dynamics of connected fisheries. It incorporate the most important processes involved in fisheries dynamics: fish abundance variability, price of the fishing effort and ex-vessel fish market price that which depends on the ratio between offer and demand. The tool uses as input a scheme of a coastal area with delimited fishing sites, fish biological parameters and fisheries parameters. It runs with a userfriendly graphic interface and generates output files that can be post-processed easily using graphic and statistical software., Comment: in French
Published: 2021

128. Réseaux de neurones convolutifs pour la caractérisation d'anomalies magnétiques

Author: Cardenas Chapellin, Julio, Denis, Christophe, Mousannif, Hajar, Camerkynck, Christian, Florsch, Nicolas, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Agents Cognitifs et Apprentissage Symbolique Automatique (ACASA), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DENIS, Christophe
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], apprentissage profond, géophysique, geophysics, réseaux de neurones convolutifs, méthodes magnétiques deep learning, convolutional neural networks, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, magnetic methods, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: National audience; Cette contribution présente l'utilisation des réseaux de neurones convolutifs pour la détection d'anomalies magnétiques. L'approche développée permet la localisation de dipôles magnétiques, avec le comptage du nombre de dipôles, leur position géographique et la prédiction de leurs paramètres (moment magnétique, profondeur et déclinaison). Elle sera ensuite testée sur des données réelles, dans le cadre par exemple, d'une détection pyrotechnique pour la prospection de munitions non explosées, avant d'envisager une application vers d'autres méthodes géophysiques.
Published: 2021

129. A mathematical model for a partial demographic transition

Author: Hisashi Inaba, Nicolas Bacaër, Ali Moussaoui, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Tokyo, Département de Mathematiques [Tlemcen], Université Aboubekr Belkaid - University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)
Subjects: Demografie, Mathematical model, Homogenes System, Démographie, système homogène demography, Homogeneous system, Système homogène, General Medicine, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, Modèle mathématique, Mathematisches Modell, Demography
Abstract: Wir schlagen ein System gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen mit homogenen nichtlinearen Termen des ersten Grades vor, um den demografischen Übergang zu modellieren. Es gibt zwei Altersgruppen und zwei Fruchtbarkeitsstufen. Eine geringe Fruchtbarkeit erstreckt sich durch Mimikry auf Erwachsene mit hoher Fruchtbarkeit. Wenn der Mimikry-Koeffizient zunimmt, überschreitet die Bevölkerung zwei Schwellenwerte. Zwischen diesen beiden Schwellenwerten nimmt die Population mit einer stabilen Mischung der beiden Fertilitätsraten exponentiell zu oder ab. Dieser teilweise demografische Übergang ist in einigen Ländern Afrikas südlich der Sahara zu beobachten. We study a mathematical model for the demographic transition. It is a homogeneous differential system of degree one. There are two age groups and two fertility levels. Low fertility extends by mimicry to adults with high fertility. When the mimicry coefficient increases, the system crosses two thresholds between which the population increases or decreases exponentially with a stable mixture of the two fertility rates. This partial demographic transition is reminiscent of the situation in some countries of sub-Saharan Africa. On propose un système d'équations différentielles ordinaires avec des termes non linéaires homogènes de degré un pour modéliser la transition démographique. Il y a deux classes d'âge et deux niveaux de fécondité. La fécondité faible s'étend par mimétisme aux adultes avec une fécondité élevée. Lorsque le coefficient de mimétisme augmente, la population traverse deux seuils. Entre ces deux seuils, la population croît ou décroît exponentiellement avec un mélange stable des deux fécondités. Cette transition démographique partielle s'observe dans certains pays d'Afrique subsaharienne.
Published: 2021

130. Identical trends of SARS-Cov-2 transmission and retail and transit mobility during non-lockdown periods

Author: Cazelles, Bernard, Comiskey, Catherine, Nguyen Van Yen, Benjamin, Champagne, Clara, Roche, Benjamin, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Trinity College Dublin, Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Basel (Unibas), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: Travel, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Short Communication, Quarantine, Basic Reproduction Number, COVID-19, Humans, Recreation, Public Health
Abstract: Highlights • We document a strong relationship between SARS-Cov-2 transmission and mobility during the time period between the two first waves. • The trends of both mobility and viral transmission evolve almost in parallel during this time period. • This suggests that the evolution of mobility patterns would help Public Health authorities to anticipate transmission increases. • This result is important from a Public Health perspective when relaxing control measures., Recent literature strongly supports the idea that mobility reduction and social distancing play a crucial role in transmission of SARS-Cov-2 infections. It was shown during the first wave that mobility restrictions reduce significantly infection transmission. Here we document another relationship and show that, in the period between the first two COVID-19 waves, there exists a high positive correlation between the trends of SARS-Cov-2 transmission and mobility. These two trends oscillate simultaneously and increased mobility following lockdown relaxation has a significant positive relationship with increased transmission. From a public health perspective, these results highlight the importance of following the evolution of mobility when relaxing mitigation measures to anticipate the future evolution of the spread of the SARS-Cov-2.
Published: 2021

131. On the Threshold of Release of Confinement in an Epidemic SEIR Model Taking into Account the Protective Effect of Mask

Author: Pierre Auger, Ali Moussaoui, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Aboubekr Belkaid - University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Urban Population, General Mathematics, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Population, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], SEIR model, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease susceptibility, 0302 clinical medicine, Econometrics, Humans, [MATH]Mathematics [math], education, Epidemics, Asymptomatic Infections, Pandemics, General Environmental Science, Mathematics, Urban mobility, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, Travel, SARS-CoV-2, General Neuroscience, Masks, COVID-19, Mathematical Concepts, 3. Good health, Travel behavior, 030104 developmental biology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Quarantine, Original Article, Mask protection, Disease Susceptibility, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Constant (mathematics), Covid-19, Confinement
Abstract: We present a classic SEIR model taking into account the daily movements of individuals in different places. The model also takes into account partial confinement of individuals. This model is coupled with a model of protection against the epidemic by the use of masks. We are studying the effects of combined confinement and protection measures on the dynamics of the epidemic. We consider a constant proportion of asymptomatic people. We assume that symptomatic infected people may change their urban travel behavior due to the disease which causes them to travel less to places where they used to move and to stay at home more often. We present a sensitivity study with respect to the parameters. We show that the combination of the use of masks with almost complete release of confinement makes it possible to avoid the occurrence of a secondary peak of the epidemic. The model predicts that a total release of confinement can be successful for an epidemic of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {R}}_0 = 2.5$$\end{document}R0=2.5 if on average a proportion of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$60\%$$\end{document}60% of the population wears masks of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$60\%$$\end{document}60% efficacy. However, if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10\%$$\end{document}10% of the population remains confined, the same goal can be achieved with a proportion of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$80\%$$\end{document}80% of the population wearing masks with efficacy of the order of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$40\%$$\end{document}40%.
Published: 2021

132. 'Health in' and 'Health of' Social-Ecological Systems: A Practical Framework for the Management of Healthy and Resilient Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems

Author: De Garine-Wichatitsky, M., Binot, A., Ward, J., Caron, A., Perrotton, Arthur, Ross, H., Quoc, H. T., Valls-Fox, H., Gordon, I. J., Promburom, P., Ancog, R., Kock, R. A., Morand, S., Chevalier, V., Allen, W., Phimpraphai, W., Duboz, R., Echaubard, P., Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Kasetsart University, Thaïlande], Kasetsart University (KU)-Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Mekong Region Futures Institute [Bangkok] (MERFI), Université Eduardo Mondlane, Stockholm University, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), The James Hutton Institute, Central Queensland University (CQU), Chiang Mai University (CMU), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University (KU), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Learning for Sustainability [Christchurch], Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London [London], CIRAD (ProPISThai International Cooperation Agency (TICA-Health Interface and TICA-Innovative Animal Health).-HEcoSEA/2018-2019), European Project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Santé publique, résilience des écosystèmes, résilience, Zoonoses, Animals, Humans, Politique de l'environnement, resilience, Ecosystem, Original Research, agriculture, biodiversity, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Santé, Préservation de l'écosystème, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, health, co-learning, services écosystémiques, social-ecological systems, S50 - Santé humaine, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Public Health, Écosystème
Abstract: International audience; The past two decades have seen an accumulation of theoretical and empirical evidence for the interlinkages between human health and well-being, biodiversity and ecosystem services, and agriculture. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the devastating impacts that an emerging pathogen, of animal origin, can have on human societies and economies. A number of scholars have called for the wider adoption of "One Health integrated approaches" to better prevent, and respond to, the threats of emerging zoonotic diseases. However, there are theoretical and practical challenges that have precluded the full development and practical implementation of this approach. Whilst integrated approaches to health are increasingly adopting a social-ecological system framework (SES), the lack of clarity in framing the key concept of resilience in health contexts remains a major barrier to its implementation by scientists and practitioners. We propose an operational framework, based on a transdisciplinary definition of Socio-Ecological System Health (SESH) that explicitly links health and ecosystem management with the resilience of SES, and the adaptive capacity of the actors and agents within SES, to prevent and cope with emerging health and environmental risks. We focus on agricultural transitions that play a critical role in disease emergence and biodiversity conservation, to illustrate the proposed participatory framework to frame and co-design SESH interventions. Finally, we highlight critical changes that are needed from researchers, policy makers and donors, in order to engage communities and other stakeholders involved in the management of their own health and that of the underpinning ecosystems.
Published: 2021

133. Parallel trends in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and retail/recreation and public transport mobility during non-lockdown periods

Author: Cazelles, Bernard, Comiskey, Catherine, Nguyen-Van-Yen, Benjamin, Champagne, Clara, Roche, Benjamin, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Trinity College Dublin, Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), BC and BR are supported, in part, by Grant ANR Flash Covid-19 from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (DigEpi)., ANR-20-COVI-0015,DigEpi,Epidémiologie digitale : analyse des réseaux sociaux pour anticiper le niveau de transmission locale du COVID-19 dans les agglomérations françaises(2020), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Epidémiologie digitale : analyse des réseaux sociaux pour anticiper le niveau de transmission locale du COVID-19 dans les agglomérations françaises - - DigEpi2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0015 - COVID-19 - VALID, and Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), SARS-Cov-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Transmission, MESH: COVID-19, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, skin and connective tissue diseases, MESH: Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Mobility, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, General Medicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, MESH: Basic Reproduction Number, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Effective reproduction number, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Recreation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Public Health, MESH: Quarantine
Abstract: International audience; Recent literature strongly supports the hypothesis that mobility restriction and social distancing play a crucial role in limiting the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). During the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was shown that mobility restriction reduced transmission significantly. This study found that, in the period between the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was high positive correlation between trends in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mobility. These two trends oscillated simultaneously, and increased mobility following the relaxation of lockdown rules was significantly associated with increased transmission. From a public health perspective, these results highlight the importance of tracking changes in mobility when relaxing mitigation measures in order to anticipate future changes in the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Published: 2021

134. OPALE: a Framework for Assessing the Eco-functionalities of Landscapes

Author: Dominique Trevisan, Patrick Taillandier, Benoit Sarrazin, Etienne Dambrine, Nesrine Ayari, Petitqueux, C., Philippe Quetin, Claude Janin, GAUDOU, BENOIT, Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Thuyloi University, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Isara, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), and Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: agricultural landscapes, [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], decision rules, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], hydrological processes, crop management, [INFO.INFO-MA] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, agricultural systems, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Ecohydrological processes are of primary importance in agricultural landscapes where fluxes of water are driven by vegetation, whether cultivated in fields or grasslands or present in semi-natural habitats and interstitial areas (open channels, riparian borders, inter-ranks of perennial crops) surrounding the cultivated parcels. Human practices are a key lever of the composition and properties of vegetation in landscape agroecosystems. In order to better understand their impact, we propose a suite of Gama and Matlab programs coupled in a single OPALE-gui (OPerational Assessment of Landscapes Eco-functionalities) that aims at (i) representing landscape organization in relation with the functioning and decision rules of annual crops or breeding systems, (ii) evaluating water movements and trajectories from biomass and hydrological exchanges, and (iii) analyzing the transfer dynamics of nutrients, suspended matter or fecal bacteria based on particle tracking methods. More precisely, the tool includes a set of libraries about: • the distribution of the farmland part of the landscape, allowing to spatially allocate crops into farm fields and the related farming practices (inputs, soil tillage, fodder management...) following time schedules (Land Use and Land Cover Change model, LULCC); • the modeling of water movements within previous simulated landscapes, considering surface, sub-surface and deep flows (Water Movements Within Landscapes model, WMWL); • the evaluation of –inert and living– solute and suspended matter transfers related to water movements, including N, P, E. Coli (EC) and Suspended Matter (SM); • the construction of output normalized indicators of landscape function in order to assess its regulation service. OPALE allows to better understand the underlying processes that drive exchanges and sink-source effects operating at the landscape scale, including a landscape transfer function and a delivery ratio for the global assessment of landscapes. It was tested in three agricultural contexts and biophysical situations. Water flows and flows of associated matters were compared to data recorded at the catchment outlet, and showed the efficiency of the algorithms developed in the generic OPALE libraries.
Published: 2021

135. The accuracy versus interpretability trade-off in fraud detection model

Author: Jean-Daniel Zucker, Sophie Ouillade, Anna Nesvijevskaia, Pauline Guilmin, Dispositifs d'Information et de Communication à l'Ère du Numérique - Paris Île-de-France (DICEN-IDF), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Quinten, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Gustave Eiffel, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Black box (phreaking), fraud detection, Process (engineering), Computer science, Interpretation (philosophy), data analysis, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, Trade-off, Banking industry, human data mediation, Risk analysis (engineering), unbalanced data, 020204 information systems, Phenomenon, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], interpretability, Management process, Interpretability
Abstract: Like a hydra, fraudsters adapt and circumvent increasingly sophisticated barriers erected by public or private institutions. Among these institutions, banks must quickly take measures to avoid losses while guaranteeing the satisfaction of law-abiding customers. Facing an expanding flow of operations, effective banking relies on data analytics to support established risk control processes, but also on a better understanding of the underlying fraud mechanism. In addition, fraud being a criminal offence, the evidential aspect of the process must also be considered. These legal, operational, and strategic constraints lead to compromises on the means to be implemented for fraud management. This paper first focuses on the translation of practical questions raised in the banking industry at each step of the fraud management process into performance evaluation required to design a fraud detection model. Secondly, it considers a range of machine learning approaches that address these specificities: the imbalance between fraudulent and nonfraudulent operations, the lack of fully trusted labels, the concept-drift phenomenon, and the unavoidable trade-off between accuracy and interpretability of detection. This state-of-the-art review sheds some light on a technology race between black box machine learning models improved by post-hoc interpretation and intrinsic interpretable models boosted to gain accuracy. Finally, it discusses how concrete and promising hybrid approaches can provide pragmatic, short-term answers to banks and policy makers without swallowing up stakeholders with economical and ethical stakes in this technological race.
Published: 2021

136. Scenario modelling of carbon mineralization in 3D soil architecture at the microscale: Toward an accessibility coefficient of organic matter for bacteria

Author: Philippe C. Baveye, Claire Chenu, Naoise Nunan, Frédéric Hecht, Valérie Pot, Olivier Monga, Xavier Raynaud, Patricia Garnier, Bruno Mbe, Wilfred Otten, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Yaoundé I, Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Saint Loup Research Institute
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, tomography, 01 natural sciences, Organic matter, model scenarios, Microscale chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, decomposition, biology, diffusion, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Decomposition, Soil structure, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, soil structure, Carbon, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; The microscale physical characteristics of microbial habitats considerably affect the decomposition of organic matter in soils. One of the challenges is to identify microheterogeneities in soil that can explain the extent of carbon mineralization. The aim of this study was therefore to identify descriptors of mu m-scale soil heterogeneity that can explain CO2 fluxes obtained at the mm scale. A suite of methods and models that visualize soil heterogeneity at scales relevant to microorganisms has been developed over the last decade. Among the existing 3D models that simulate microbial activity in soils, Mosaic is able to simulate, within a short computation time, the microbial degradation of organic matter at the microhabitat scale in soil using real 3D images of soil porosity. Our approach was to generate scenarios of carbon mineralization for various microscale environmental conditions and determine how the descriptors of soil structure could explain CO2 evolution. First, we verified that the simulated diffusion of solutes in the soil samples obtained with Mosaic were the same as those obtained using the same parameter set from a robust 3D model based on a lattice Boltzmann approach. Then, we ran scenarios considering different soil pore architectures, water saturations and microorganism and organic matter placements. We found that the CO2 emissions simulated for the different scenarios could be explained by the distance between microorganisms and organic matter, the diffusion of the substrate and the concentration of the available substrate. For some of the scenarios, we proposed a descriptor of accessibility based on the geodesic distance between microorganisms and organic matter weighted by the amount of organic matter. This microscale descriptor is correlated to the simulated CO2 flux with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. Highlights Does the microscopic soil organisation explain the macroscopic mineralisation fluxes ? We present a new descriptor based on the geodesic distances between organic matter and microorganisms. We found a correlation between the descriptor of mu m-heterogeneity and the mineralization fluxes. Other scenarios should be carried out under wider environmental mu m-conditions to confirm our results.
Published: 2021

137. Una breve storia matematica della dinamica delle popolazioni

Author: Bacaër, Nicolas, Flora, Bruno Felice Filippo, Castin, Yvan, Iannelli, Mimmo, Affili, Elisa, Buonomo, Bruno, Margheri, Alessandro, Poletto, Chiara, Rossi, Luca, Venturino, Ezio, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, EPIDEMIOLOGIE, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, STATISTIQUE, DEMOGRAPHIE, GENETIQUE, HISTOIRE, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, MODELISATION, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ESTIMATION, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH]Mathematics [math], ECOLOGIE
Abstract: Come ha sottolineato Eugene Wigner, la matematica si è dimostrata efficace, oltre ogni ragionevole aspettativa, nelle scienze fisiche e nelle loro applicazioni tecnologiche. Il ruolo della matematica nelle scienze biologiche, mediche e sociali è stato molto più modesto ma è recentemente cresciuto grazie alla capacità di simulazione offerta dai moderni computer. Questo libro traccia la storia della dinamica delle popolazioni - un argomento teorico strettamente connesso alla genetica, all'ecologia, all'epidemiologia e alla demografia - dove la matematica ha portato intuizioni significative. Presenta una panoramica della genesi di diversi temi importanti : la crescita esponenziale, da Eulero e Malthus alla politica cinese del figlio unico; lo sviluppo di modelli stocastici, dalle leggi di Mendel e la questione dell'estinzione dei cognomi alla teoria della percolazione per la diffusione delle epidemie, e le popolazioni caotiche, dove determinismo e casualità si intrecciano. Il lettore di questo libro vedrà, da una prospettiva diversa, i problemi che gli scienziati affrontano quando i governi chiedono previsioni affidabili per aiutare a controllare le epidemie (COVID, influenza, AIDS), gestire risorse rinnovabili (quote di pesca, diffusione di organismi geneticamente modificati) o anticipare evoluzioni demografiche come l'invecchiamento. Con i recenti progressi nella traduzione automatica, il monopolio virtuale di una sola lingua nella letteratura scientifica non è più giustificato. La crescente alienazione linguistica nelle università può essere invertita. Con questa traduzione italiana accuratamente rivista, incoraggiamo questo nuovo percorso.
Published: 2021

138. Soil microbial communities in the face of changing farming practices: A case study in an agricultural landscape in France

Author: Luc Biju-Duval, Solene Perrin, Christophe Lang, Mélanie Lelievre, Sébastien Terrat, Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré, Laurie Dunn, Nicolas Marilleau, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Social Sciences, Forests, Agricultural soil science, Soil Microbiology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, Microbiota, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biodiversity, Terrestrial Environments, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicine, France, Research Article, Agricultural methods, Soil ecology, Soil test, Science, Water stress, Soil Science, Crops, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Human Geography, complex mixtures, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Land use, Bacteria, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Edaphology, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Microbial population biology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Earth Sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, business, Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; According to biogeography studies, the abundance and richness of soil microorganisms vary across multiple spatial scales according to soil properties and farming practices. However, soil microorganisms also exhibit poorly understood temporal variations. This study aimed at better understanding how soil microbial communities respond to changes in farming practices at a landscape scale over time. A regular grid of 269 sites was set up across a 1,200 ha farming landscape, and soil samples were characterized for their molecular microbial biomass and bacterial richness at two dates (2011 and 2016). A mapping approach highlighted that spatial microbial patterns were stable over time, while abundance and richness levels were modified. The drivers of these changes were investigated though a PLS-PM (partial least square path-modeling) approach. Soil properties were stable over time, but farming practices changed. Molecular microbial biomass was mainly driven by soil resources, whereas bacterial richness depended on both farming practices and ecological parameters. Previous-crop and management effects and a temporal dependence of the microbial community on the historical farming management were also highlighted.
Published: 2021

139. D'où vient le cancer, et pourquoi n'a-t-il pas été éliminé par l'évolution ?

Author: Arnal, Audrey, Roche, Benjamin, Thomas, F., Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), and HORIZON, IRD
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MONDE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Published: 2021

140. Application of aggregation of variables methods to a class of two-time reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis models of spatially structured populations with constant diffusion

Author: Anouar El Harrak, Rachid Mchich, Amal Bergam, Tri Nguyen-Huu, Pierre Auger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger (ENCGT), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Secondary: 35K55, Generic function, Population, Dimension (graph theory), two time scales, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Dynamical system, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Primary: 37M99 37N25, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Applied mathematics, 0101 mathematics, Diffusion (business), [MATH]Mathematics [math], education, Mathematics, education.field_of_study, Partial differential equation, approximate dynamics, Applied Mathematics, spatially structured population dynamics, reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis equations, Ordinary differential equation, Constant (mathematics), Analysis
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to adapt a class of complexity reduction methods called aggregation of variables methods to the construction of reduced models of two-time reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis models of spatially structured populations and to provide an error bound of the approximate dynamics. Aggregation of variables methods are general techniques that allow reducing the dimension of a mathematical dynamical system. Here we reduce a system of Partial Differential Equations to a simpler Ordinary Differential Equation system, provided that the evolution processes occur at two different time scales: a slow one for the demography and a fast one for migrations and chemotaxis, with a ratio \begin{document}$ \varepsilon>0 $\end{document} small enough. We give an approximation of the error between solutions of both original and reduced model for a generic function representing the demography. Finally, we provide an optimization of the error bound and validate numerically this result for a spatial inter-specific model with constant diffusion and population growth given by a logistic law in population dynamics.
Published: 2021

141. Soilμ3d project: emergent properties of soil microbial functions from 3d modelling and spatial descriptors of pore scale heterogeneity

Author: Garnier, Patricia, Pot, Valérie, Chenu, Claire, Baveye, Philippe, Montagne, David, Vieuble, Laure, Nunan, Naoise, Raynaud, Xavier, Massad, Raia Silvia, Laville, Patricia, Monga, Olivier, Otten, Wilfred, Portell-Canal, Xavier, Rapaport, Alain, de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Henault, Catherine, Lacoste, Marine, Hecht, Frédéric, Coche, Alexandre, Védère, Charlotte, Mbe, Bruno, EL Mjiyad, Noureddine, Propriétés émergentes des fonctions microbiennes dans les sols : Identification de descripteurs spatiaux de la structure du sol à partir de modélisations 3D à l'échelle des habitats microbiens - - Soilµ-3D2015 - ANR-15-CE01-0006 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Cranfield University, Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], ANR-15-CE01-0006,Soilµ-3D,Propriétés émergentes des fonctions microbiennes dans les sols : Identification de descripteurs spatiaux de la structure du sol à partir de modélisations 3D à l'échelle des habitats microbiens(2015), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: International audience; The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by improving the efficiency of agricultural systems through robust ecologically-based management practices represents the most important challenge facing agriculture. Models are needed to evaluate the effects of soil properties, climate, and agricultural management practices on soil carbon and on the nitrogen transformations responsible for GHG emissions. Models of Carbon and nitrogen cycles in soils need improvements so they can provide more accurate and robust predictions. They use empirical functions which account for the different environmental factors that affect microbial functions. However, these types of function have limitations because they don’t consider the micro heterogeneity of soil at the scale of microorganisms and they cannot describe processes that are connected to each other by complex interactions linked to soil structure. Mechanistic representation of small-scale processes was identified in literature as one of the priorities to improve these global soil organic matter dynamics models.Our previous project showed the importance of the habitat of soil microorganisms, and especially how physical characteristics (pore sizes, connectivity) control the decomposition of organic substrates via experimental microcosm. We have developed a suite of methods and models to visualize in 2D or 3D soil heterogeneity at scales relevant for microorganisms. It has also contributed to the development of three very complementary 3D models able to simulate for the first time the microbial degradation of organic matter at the scale of microhabitats in soil using real 3D images of soils. The goal of this Soilµ3D project is now to go further by using the 3D models resulting from MEPSOM to upscale heterogeneities identified at the scale of microhabitats to the soil profile scale. The aims of the project are to: develop new descriptors of the pore scale 3D soil heterogeneity that explain the fluxes measured at the core scale, use our 3D models to connect the µ-scale heterogeneity and the measured macroscale fluxes, develop new simple models describing the soil micro-heterogeneity and integrating these micro-features into field-scale models.Several improvements have been made to 3D models, such as: i) model parallelization, ii) more compact representation of pore space by ellipsoids as geometric primitives, iii) coupling with Individual based models. Two Literature reviews were written concerning technics of 3D images at small scale (Baveye et al, 2018) and the 3D modelling of soil pores microscopic architecture (Pot et al., 2020) .Modeling scenarios from 3D soil images has shown the importance of the connectivity of water-filled pores in carbon mineralization. The number of clusters of pores filled with water appears to be a relevant indicator of CO2 emissions. This modeling shows that the diffusion of the 3D substrate controls the contact between µorganisms and organic matter and therefore the rates of decomposition. A threshold effect is observed with an increase in the decomposition of organic matter when low substrate concentrations are associated with a high number of bacterial cells compared to a population model.
Published: 2021

142. Dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ireland under mitigation

Author: Cazelles, Bernard, Nguyen-Van-Yen, Benjamin, Champagne, Clara, Comiskey, Catherine, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Trinity College Dublin, ANR-20-COVI-0015,DigEpi,Epidémiologie digitale : analyse des réseaux sociaux pour anticiper le niveau de transmission locale du COVID-19 dans les agglomérations françaises(2020), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Epidémiologie digitale : analyse des réseaux sociaux pour anticiper le niveau de transmission locale du COVID-19 dans les agglomérations françaises - - DigEpi2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0015 - COVID-19 - VALID, and Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Mitigation, SARS-CoV-2, 030306 microbiology, COVID-19, Bayes Theorem, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Stochastic model, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Communicable Disease Control, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, Time varying parameters, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epidemics, Ireland, Research Article
Abstract: Background In Ireland and across the European Union the COVID-19 epidemic waves, driven mainly by the emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 have continued their course, despite various interventions from governments. Public health interventions continue in their attempts to control the spread as they wait for the planned significant effect of vaccination. Methods To tackle this challenge and the observed non-stationary aspect of the epidemic we used a modified SEIR stochastic model with time-varying parameters, following Brownian process. This enabled us to reconstruct the temporal evolution of the transmission rate of COVID-19 with the non-specific hypothesis that it follows a basic stochastic process constrained by the available data. This model is coupled with Bayesian inference (particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo method) for parameter estimation and utilized mainly well-documented Irish hospital data. Results In Ireland, mitigation measures provided a 78–86% reduction in transmission during the first wave between March and May 2020. For the second wave in October 2020, our reduction estimation was around 20% while it was 70% for the third wave in January 2021. This third wave was partly due to the UK variant appearing in Ireland. In June 2020 we estimated that sero-prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2–3.5%) in complete accordance with a sero-prevalence survey. By the end of April 2021, the sero-prevalence was greater than 17% due in part to the vaccination campaign. Finally we demonstrate that the available observed confirmed cases are not reliable for analysis owing to the fact that their reporting rate has as expected greatly evolved. Conclusion We provide the first estimations of the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ireland and its key parameters. We also quantify the effects of mitigation measures on the virus transmission during and after mitigation for the three waves. Our results demonstrate that Ireland has significantly reduced transmission by employing mitigation measures, physical distancing and lockdown. This has to date avoided the saturation of healthcare infrastructures, flattened the epidemic curve and likely reduced mortality. However, as we await for a full roll out of a vaccination programme and as new variants potentially more transmissible and/or more infectious could continue to emerge and mitigation measures change silent transmission, challenges remain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06433-9.
Published: 2021
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143. Introducing the Argumentation Framework Within Agent-Based Models to Better Simulate Agents' Cognition in Opinion Dynamics: Application to Vegetarian Diet Diffusion

Author: Nicolas Salliou, Rallou Thomopoulos, Patrick Taillandier, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Thuyloi University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), VITAMIN ('VegetarIan Transition Argument ModellINg') project funded by INRAE, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Process (engineering), Computer science, General Social Sciences, Cognition, Context (language use), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Argumentation framework, Vegetarian Diets, Epistemology, Argumentation theory, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Argument, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Graph (abstract data type), Argumentation Framework, Opinion Dynamics, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Realism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Agent-Based Simulation
Abstract: Open Code; International audience; This paper introduces a generic agent-based model simulating the exchange and the diffusion of pro and con arguments. It is applied to the case of the diffusion of vegetarian diets in the context of a potential emergence of a second nutrition transition. To this day, agent-based simulation has been extensively used to study opinion dynamics. However, the vast majority of existing models have been limited to extremely abstract and simplified representations of the diffusion process. These simplifications impairs the realism of the simulations and disables the understanding of the reasons for the shift of an actor's opinion. The generic model presented here explicitly represents exchanges of arguments between actors in the context of an opinion dynamic model. In particular, the inner attitude towards an opinion of each agent is formalized as an argumentation graph and each agent can share arguments with other agents. Simulation experiments show that introducing attacks between arguments and a limitation of the number of arguments mobilized by agents has a strong impact on the evolution of the agents' opinion. We also highlight that when a new argument is introduced into the system, the quantity and the profile of the agents receiving the new argument will impact the evolution of the overall opinion. Finally, the application of this model to vegetarian diet adoption seems consistent with historical food behaviour dynamics observed during crises.
Published: 2021

144. Modelling and optimal strategy to control coffee berry borer

Author: Suzanne Touzeau, Berge Tsanou, Yves Fotso Fotso, Frédéric Grognard, Samuel Bowong, University of Dschang, Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire International de Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées (LIRIMA), Université de Yaoundé I-Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK)-Université d'Antananarivo-Université Gaston Bergé Sénégal-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Faculté des Sciences - Université de Dschang [Cameroun], Université de Dschang, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Dpt of Mathematics and Computer Science [Douala], Université de Douala, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Inria, Collège doctoral régional de l'Afrique Centrale et des Grands Lacs 'Mathématiques, Informatique, Biosciences et Geosciences de l'Environnement', Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, EPITAG, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)-Université Gaston Bergé Sénégal-Université d'Antananarivo-Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK)-Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] (UBMA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Yaoundé I, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, General Mathematics, MSC classification: 34D20, 49J15, 49K15, 92D30, Population, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Biological pest control, Control variable, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Berry, Agricultural engineering, 01 natural sciences, ODE model, Pontryagin's minimum principle, Crop, numerical simulations, 03 medical and health sciences, optimal control, population dynamics, education, 030304 developmental biology, Mathematics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Engineering, Optimal control, plant-pest interaction, 010602 entomology, Entomopathogenic fungus, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC]
Abstract: International audience; Coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), denoted CBB, is the most important insect pest of coffee worldwide, with a high impact on the economy of coffee producing countries. The insect spends a great part of its life cycle inside the coffee berry and causes severe crop losses. Biological control based on the use of an entomopathogenic fungus is a major alternative to chemical pesticides in order to control CBB. The fungus is sprayed on the coffee berries to kill CBB when the insects drill holes to penetrate inside the berries. Our aim in this work is to optimise the fungus application, using a modelling approach. We first formulate a mathematical model describing the infestation dynamics of coffee berries by CBB. We analyse the model and show that the stability of the pest-free and coexistence equilibria depends on the basic reproduction number. To introduce a control variable corresponding to the application of an entomopathogenic fungus, we then extend the model and include the fungus dynamics. We formulate an optimal problem which consists in maximising the coffee yield, while minimising the control cost, as well as the CBB population for the next cropping season. The existence of the optimal control and the necessary optimality condition are established using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The optimal control problem is solved numerically using the BOCOP software and simulations are provided, showing that the use of entomopathogenic fungus effectively controls CBB.
Published: 2021

145. Breve historia de los modelos matemáticos en dinamicá de poblaciones

Author: Bacaër, Nicolas, Bravo De La Parra, Rafael, Ripoll, Jordi, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, EPIDEMIOLOGIE, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, STATISTIQUE, DEMOGRAPHIE, GENETIQUE, HISTOIRE, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, MODELISATION, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ESTIMATION, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH]Mathematics [math], ECOLOGIE
Abstract: Como subrayó Eugene Wigner, las matemáticas han demostrado una eficacia inconmensurable en las ciencias físicas y sus aplicaciones tecnológicas. El papel de las matemáticas en las ciencias biológicas, médicas y sociales ha sido mucho más modesto, pero ha crecido recientemente gracias a la capacidad de simulación que ofrecen los ordenadores modernos. Este libro recorre la historia de la dinámica de poblaciones - un tema teórico estrechamente relacionado con la genética, la ecología, la epidemiología y la demografía - en la que las matemáticas han aportado importantes conocimientos. Presenta una visión general de la génesis de varios temas de gran relevencia : el crecimiento exponencial, desde Euler y Malthus hasta la política china del hijo único; el desarrollo de los modelos estocásticos, desde las leyes de Mendel y la cuestión de la extinción de los apellidos hasta la teoría de la percolación para la propagación de epidemias, y las poblaciones con dinámicas caóticas, en las que se entremezclan el determinismo y el azar. El lector de este libro verá, desde una perspectiva diferente, los problemas a los que se enfrentan los científicos cuando los gobiernos piden predicciones fiables para ayudar a controlar epidemias (COVID, gripe, SIDA), gestionar los recursos renovables (cuotas de pesca, propagación de organismos modificados genéticamente) o anticiparse a evoluciones demográficas como el envejecimiento. Con los recientes avances de la traducción automática, ya no se justifica el virtual monopolio de una sola lengua en la literatura científica. La creciente alienación lingüística en las universidades puede revertirse. Con esta traducción al español, cuidadosamente revisada por dos especialistas en dinámica de poblaciones, esperamos mostrar este nuevo camino.
Published: 2021

146. Traitement contre le cancer : la biologie évolutive apporte de nouvelles solutions

Author: Roche, Benjamin, Thomas, F., Belkhir, S. (contrib.), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), and HORIZON, IRD
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MONDE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Published: 2021

147. Pourquoi les variants du SARS-CoV-2 émergent-ils maintenant ?

Author: Roche, Benjamin, HORIZON, IRD, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MONDE, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Published: 2021

148. Research perspectives on animal health in the era of artificial intelligence

Author: Pauline, Ezanno, Sébastien, Picault, Gaël, Beaunée, Xavier, Bailly, Facundo, Muñoz, Raphaël, Duboz, Hervé, Monod, Jean-François, Guégan, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), PE is supported by the French Research Agency (project CADENCE: ANR-16-CE32-0007). XB is involved in the project 'MOnitoring Outbreak events for Disease surveillance in a data science context' supported by the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 (H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2019, Grant 874850). JFG is supported by both an 'Investissement d'Avenir' managed by the French Research Agency (LABEX CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01) and a US NSF-NIH Ecology of infectious diseases award (NSF#1911457), and is also supported by IRD, INRAE, and Universite of Montpellier, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-16-CE32-0007,CADENCE,Propagation de processus épidémiques sur des réseaux dynamiques de mouvements d'animaux avec application aux bovins en France(2016), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: Veterinary Medicine, Artificial intelligence, Livestock, Decision support tool, Review, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Modelling, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Animals, Data, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Santé animale, Animal disease, Intelligence artificielle, Épidémiologie, Maladie des animaux, Modélisation, lcsh:SF600-1100, système d'aide à la décision, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract: International audience; Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in animal health (AH) makes it possible to address highly complex issues such as those encountered in quantitative and predictive epidemiology, animal/human precision-based medicine, or to study host × pathogen interactions. AI may contribute (i) to diagnosis and disease case detection, (ii) to more reliable predictions and reduced errors, (iii) to representing more realistically complex biological systems and rendering computing codes more readable to non-computer scientists, (iv) to speeding-up decisions and improving accuracy in risk analyses, and (v) to better targeted interventions and anticipated negative effects. In turn, challenges in AH may stimulate AI research due to specificity of AH systems, data, constraints, and analytical objectives. Based on a literature review of scientific papers at the interface between AI and AH covering the period 2009–2019, and interviews with French researchers positioned at this interface, the present study explains the main AH areas where various AI approaches are currently mobilised, how it may contribute to renew AH research issues and remove methodological or conceptual barriers. After presenting the possible obstacles and levers, we propose several recommendations to better grasp the challenge represented by the AH/AI interface. With the development of several recent concepts promoting a global and multisectoral perspective in the field of health, AI should contribute to defract the different disciplines in AH towards more transversal and integrative research.
Published: 2021

149. Customizable HMM-based measures to accurately compare tree sets

Author: Sylvain Iloga, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Computer Science (The University of Maroua), and École normale supérieure - Maroua (ENS Maroua)
Subjects: Theoretical computer science, Property (programming), Computer science, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Set (abstract data type), Tree (data structure), Similarity (network science), Artificial Intelligence, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Pattern recognition (psychology), Metric (mathematics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hidden Markov model, Finite set, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Trees have been topics of much interest since many decades due to various emerging applications using data represented as trees. Several techniques have been developed to compare two trees. But there is a serious lack of metrics to compare weighted trees. Existing approaches do not also allow to explicitly specify the targeted nodes properties on which the comparison should be performed. Furthermore, the problem of comparing two tree sets is not specifically addressed by existing techniques. This paper attempts to solve these problems by first proposing a distance and a similarity for the comparison of two finite sets of rooted ordered trees which can be labeled or not, as well as weighted or unweighted. To achieve this goal, a hidden Markov model is associated with each tree set for each targeted nodes property. The model associated with a tree set T for the targeted nodes property p learns how much the nodes of the trees in T verify property p. The resulting models are finally compared to derive a distance and similarity between the two sets of trees. The previous measures are then generalized for the comparison of unrooted and unordered trees. Flat classification experiments were carried out on two synthetic databases named FirstLast-L and FirstLast-LW available online. They both contain four classes of 100 rooted ordered trees whose specific and non-trivial nodes properties are clearly defined. When the distance proposed in this paper is selected as metric for the Nearest Neighbor classifier, a perfect accuracy of $$100\%$$ is obtained for these two databases. This performance is $$41\%$$ higher than the accuracy exhibited when the widespread tree Edit distance is selected for FirstLast-L.
Published: 2021

150. Breve história matemática da dinâmica populacional

Author: Bacaër, Nicolas, Viana, José Paulo, Doutor, Paulo, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, EPIDEMIOLOGIE, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, STATISTIQUE, DEMOGRAPHIE, GENETIQUE, HISTOIRE, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, MODELISATION, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ESTIMATION, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH]Mathematics [math], ECOLOGIE
Abstract: Como Eugene Wigner sublinhou, a matemática provou ser excessivamente eficaz nas ciências físicas e nas suas aplicações tecnológicas. O papel da matemática nas ciências biológicas, médicas e sociais tem sido muito mais modesto, mas cresceu recentemente graças à capacidade de simulação oferecida pelos computadores modernos. Este livro traça a história da dinâmica populacional - um assunto teórico intimamente ligado à genética, ecologia, epidemiologia e demografia - onde a matemática tem trazido conhecimentos significativos. Apresenta uma visão geral da génese de vários temas importantes : o crescimento exponencial, desde Euler e Malthus até à política de um filho chinês; o desenvolvimento de modelos estocásticos, desde as leis de Mendel e a questão da extinção dos nomes de família até à teoria da percolação para a propagação de epidemias, e populações caóticas, onde o determinismo e a aleatoriedade se entrelaçam. O leitor deste livro verá, de uma perspectiva diferente, os problemas que os cientistas enfrentam quando os governos pedem previsões fiáveis para ajudar a controlar epidemias (COVID, gripe, SIDA), gerir recursos renováveis (quotas de pesca, propagação de organismos geneticamente modificados) ou antecipar evoluções demográficas como o envelhecimento. Com os recentes avanços na tradução automática, o monopólio virtual de uma única língua na literatura científica já não se justifica. A crescente alienação linguística nas universidades pode ser invertida. Com esta tradução cuidadosamente revista para português, encorajamos este novo caminho.
Published: 2021

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