17,356 results on '"Todd, T"'
Search Results
102. Proteomic Signature of HIV-Associated Subclinical Left Atrial Remodeling and Incident Heart Failure
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Peterson, Tess Eirene, primary, Hahn, Virginia Shalkey, additional, Moaddel, Ruin, additional, Zhu, Min, additional, Haberlen, Sabina A., additional, Palella, Frank J., additional, Plankey, Michael, additional, Bader, Joel S, additional, Lima, Joao A.C., additional, Gerszten, Robert E, additional, Rotter, Jerome I. I., additional, Rich, Stephen S. S., additional, Heckbert, Susan R., additional, Kirk, Gregory D., additional, Piggott, Damani A, additional, Ferrucci, Luigi, additional, Margolick, Joseph, additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, Wu, Katherine C., additional, and Post, Wendy S., additional
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- 2024
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103. Incident Proteinuria by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus Among Men With Pre–Diabetes Mellitus: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
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Slama, Laurence, primary, Barrett, Benjamin W, additional, Abraham, Alison G, additional, Palella, Frank J, additional, Magnani, Jared W, additional, Viard, Jean Paul, additional, Lake, Jordan E, additional, and Brown, Todd T, additional
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- 2024
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104. Associations between HIV infection and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population level analysis based on US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data
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Moffitt, Richard, Akelsrod, Hana, Crandall, Keith A, Francheschini, Nora, French, Evan, Po-Yu Chiang, Teresa, Caleb-Alexander, G, Andersen, Kathleen M, Vinson, Amanda J, Brown, Todd T, Mannon, Roslyn B, Yang, Xueying, Sun, Jing, Patel, Rena C, Zhang, Jiajia, Guo, Siyuan, Zheng, Qulu, Olex, Amy L, Olatosi, Bankole, Weissman, Sharon B, Islam, Jessica Y, Chute, Christopher G, Haendel, Melissa, Kirk, Gregory D, and Li, Xiaoming
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- 2021
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105. Moving Dipole Determination From 12-Lead ECGs Can Improve Detection of Acute Myocardial Ischemia.
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Vito Starc and Todd T. Schlegel
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- 2020
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106. Preliminary design of the COMPASS upgrade tokamak
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Vondracek, P., Panek, R., Hron, M., Havlicek, J., Weinzettl, V., Todd, T., Tskhakaya, D., Cunningham, G., Hacek, P., Hromadka, J., Junek, P., Krbec, J., Patel, N., Sestak, D., Varju, J., Adamek, J., Balazsova, M., Balner, V., Barton, P., Bielecki, J., Bilkova, P., Błocki, J., Bocian, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Boocz, P., Borodkina, I., Brooks, A., Bohm, P., Burant, J., Casolari, A., Cavalier, J., Chappuis, P., Dejarnac, R., Dimitrova, M., Dudak, M., Duran, I., Ellis, R., Entler, S., Fang, J., Farnik, M., Ficker, O., Fridrich, D., Fukova, S., Gerardin, J., Hanak, I., Havranek, A., Herrmann, A., Horacek, J., Hronova, O., Imrisek, M., Isernia, N., Jaulmes, F., Jerab, M., Kindl, V., Komm, M., Kovarik, K., Kral, M., Kripner, L., Macusova, E., Majer, T., Markovic, T., Matveeva, E., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Mohelnik, M., Mysiura, I., Naydenkova, D., Nemec, I., Ortwein, R., Patocka, K., Peterka, M., Podolnik, A., Prochazka, F., Prevratil, J., Reboun, J., Scalera, V., Scholz, M., Svoboda, J., Swierblewski, J., Sos, M., Tadros, M., Titus, P., Tomes, M., Torres, A., Tracz, G., Turjanica, P., Varavin, M., Veselovsky, V., Villone, F., Wąchal, P., Yanovskiy, V., Zadvitskiy, G., Zajac, J., Zak, A., Zaloga, D., Zelda, J., and Zhang, H.
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- 2021
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107. Qfold: a new modeling paradigm for the RNA folding problem
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Lewis, Mark W., Verma, Amit, and Eckdahl, Todd T.
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- 2021
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108. The Importance of Indigenous Scholarship, Indigenous Knowledge, and Education in Micronesia
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Ames, Angeline, primary, Ames, Todd T., additional, Bilimon, Mylast E., additional, and Cabrera, Debra T., additional
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- 2021
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109. Changes in Abdominal Fat following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV-Infected Individuals Correlate with Waist Circumference and Self-Reported Changes
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Bhagwat, Priya, Ofotokun, Ighovwerha, McComsey, Grace A, Brown, Todd T, Moser, Carlee, Sugar, Catherine A, and Currier, Judith S
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Obesity ,HIV/AIDS ,Adiposity ,Adult ,Analysis of Variance ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,Body Mass Index ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Intra-Abdominal Fat ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Self Report ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,Waist Circumference ,Young Adult ,Microbiology ,Clinical Sciences ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundWe examined whether waist circumference (WC) and self-reported abdominal size changes can estimate visceral adipose tissue (VAT) changes for those initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsProspectively collected data from ACTG A5257 and its metabolic substudy, A5260s, were used for this analysis. ART-naive HIV-infected participants were randomized to one of three contemporary ART regimens. Changes in abdominal CT-measured VAT and total adipose tissue (TAT) and DXA-measured trunk fat were tested for association with WC changes (by Pearson correlation) and categories of self-reported abdominal size changes (by ANOVA) between entry and week 96. Linear models compared WC and self-reported changes.ResultsThe study population (n=328) was predominantly male (90%) and White non-Hispanic (44%) with a baseline median age of 36 years and body mass index of 25 kg/m2. At week 96, median WC change was +2.8 cm. Of those reporting at week 96, 53% indicated 'no change/lost', 39% 'gained some/somewhat larger' and 8% 'gained a lot/much larger' as their self-reported changes. Trunk fat, VAT and TAT changes differed across self-reported groups (ANOVA P
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- 2017
110. Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content
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Erlandson, Kristine M, Fiorillo, Suzanne, Masawi, Fadzai, Scherzinger, Ann, McComsey, Grace A, Lake, Jordan E, Stein, James H, Currier, Judith S, and Brown, Todd T
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Adipose Tissue ,Adult ,Anthropometry ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Muscle ,Skeletal ,Radiography ,Abdominal ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,aging ,frailty ,HIV ,muscle density ,skeletal muscle ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveA greater burden of physical function impairment occurs in HIV-infected adults; the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on muscle density (less dense = more fat), a measure of muscle quality, is unknown.DesignAIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5260s, a cardiometabolic substudy of A5257, randomized HIV-infected, ART-naive adults to ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, darunavir, or raltegravir with tenofovir/emtricitabine backbone. Single-slice abdominal computed tomography scans from baseline and week 96 were reanalyzed for total and lean muscle area and density.MethodsTwo-sample t-tests described the differences between baseline and week 96 variables. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the role of a priori identified variables and potential confounders.ResultsParticipants (n = 235) were mostly men (90%); 31% were Black non-Hispanic; 21% were Hispanic. Over 96 weeks, small but significant increases were seen in oblique/transverse abdominal, rectus, and psoas muscle total area (range 0.21-0.83 cm; P
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- 2017
111. Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
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Lake, Jordan E, Stanley, Takara L, Apovian, Caroline M, Bhasin, Shalendar, Brown, Todd T, Capeau, Jaqueline, Currier, Judith S, Dube, Michael P, Falutz, Julian, Grinspoon, Steven K, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Martinez, Esteban, McComsey, Grace A, Sattler, Fred R, and Erlandson, Kristine M
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Obesity ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,HIV/AIDS ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Infection ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adiposity ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Disease Management ,Female ,HIV Infections ,HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome ,Humans ,Male ,Risk Factors ,human immunodeficiency virus ,obesity ,lipohypertrophy ,antiretroviral therapy ,antiretroviral therapy. ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundObesity and lipohypertrophy are common in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and contribute to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWe present a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, clinical consequences, and treatment of excess adiposity in adults with treated HIV infection.ResultsObesity and lipohypertrophy commonly occur among HIV-infected adults on ART and may have overlapping pathophysiologies and/or synergistic metabolic consequences. Traditional, HIV-specific, and ART-specific risk factors all contribute. The metabolic and inflammatory consequences of excess adiposity are critical drivers of non-AIDS events in this population. Although promising treatment strategies exist, further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment of obesity and lipohypertrophy in the modern ART era.ConclusionsBoth generalized obesity and lipohypertrophy are prevalent among HIV-infected persons on ART. Aggressive diagnosis and management are key to the prevention and treatment of end-organ disease in this population and critical to the present and future health of HIV-infected persons.
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- 2017
112. Changes in bone turnover markers with HIV seroconversion and ART initiation.
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Slama, Laurence, Reddy, Susheel, Phair, John, Palella, Frank J, Brown, Todd T, and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study group (MACS)
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Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study group ,Bone and Bones ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Collagen Type I ,Peptides ,Peptide Fragments ,Osteocalcin ,Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ,Procollagen ,Genetic Markers ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,Cohort Studies ,Bone Remodeling ,Bone Density ,Adult ,Male ,Biomarkers ,Seroconversion ,Adaptor Proteins ,Signal Transducing ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Osteoporosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Aging ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Musculoskeletal ,Infection ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundOsteoporosis is common among HIV-infected persons and contributes to risk of fragility fracture. While ART initiation is associated with decreases in bone mineral density and increases in bone turnover, the impact of HIV on bone metabolism is unclear.MethodsWe identified men at the Chicago site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who HIV seroconverted while under observation. Concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D, bone turnover markers [procollagen type 1 N terminal propeptide (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), C-telopeptide (CTX)] and sclerostin were measured from stored serum obtained at pre-HIV infection, pre-ART and post-ART initiation timepoints. Mixed models, with each biomarker as an outcome, were fitted. Timepoint, age, CD4 count (cells/mm 3 ), HIV-viral suppression, season and an age by timepoint interaction term were considered as fixed effects.ResultsData from 52 participants revealed that median duration between HIV seroconversion and ART initiation was 8.7 years (IQR 3.7-11.6). Median CD4 and plasma HIV-RNA concentrations were 445 (IQR 298.5-689) and 20 184 copies/mL (IQR 6237-64 340), respectively, at the pre-ART timepoint. Multivariate analyses demonstrated pre-HIV infection levels of OC that were higher than pre-ART levels (6.8 versus 5.7 ng/mL, P = 0.04); and pre-ART levels of sclerostin that were higher than post-ART levels (0.033 versus 0.02 ng/mL, P
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- 2017
113. Changes in Plasma Levels of Oxidized Lipoproteins and Lipoprotein Subfractions with Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy and Associations with Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness: ACTG 5260s
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Kelesidis, Theodoros, Tran, Thuy Tien T, Brown, Todd T, Moser, Carlee, Ribaudo, Heather J, Dube, Michael P, Yang, Otto O, McComsey, Grace A, Stein, James H, and Currier, Judith S
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cardiovascular ,Atherosclerosis ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Atazanavir Sulfate ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,Darunavir ,Emtricitabine ,Female ,HIV Infections ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Linear Models ,Lipoproteins ,HDL ,Lipoproteins ,LDL ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Prospective Studies ,RNA ,Viral ,Raltegravir Potassium ,Ritonavir ,Tenofovir ,Microbiology ,Clinical Sciences ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundThe role of oxidized lipoproteins (high-density [HDLox] and low-density [LDLox]) and total lipoprotein particle (Lp) number and size in HIV-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes of these biomarkers and their associations with rate of carotid intima media thickness progression over 3 years (ΔCIMT) in chronic HIV infection.MethodsProspective study of 234 HIV-infected antiretroviral treatment-naive participants without CVD who were randomized to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir (RAL) and achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA
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- 2017
114. Sebaceous carcinoma on the arm of a 10-year-old girl
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Stacey, Stephen K, Moss, Tyler A, and Kobayashi, Todd T
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dermatopathology ,papules ,malignant neoplasms ,sebaceous carcinoma - Abstract
We report a case of a 10 year-old girl diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of the posterior left arm. The presented case reviews the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this malignancy, including a review of the literature in pediatric patients regarding prognosis and treatment. Sebaceous carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm with sebaceous differentiation, typically occurring in the sixth-to-seventh decades of life. It most commonly arises in the periocular region. It is extremely rare in the pediatric population.
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- 2017
115. Oxidized lipoproteins are associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation in HIV-1 infection
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Kelesidis, Theodoros, Jackson, Nicholas, McComsey, Grace A, Wang, Xiaoyan, Elashoff, David, Dube, Michael P, Brown, Todd T, Yang, Otto O, Stein, James H, and Currier, Judith S
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Infectious Diseases ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Infection ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Antigens ,CD ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,C-Reactive Protein ,Female ,Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Inflammation ,Interleukin-6 ,Lipoproteins ,Longitudinal Studies ,Male ,Monocytes ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Prospective Studies ,Sustained Virologic Response ,T-Lymphocytes ,HIV ,immune activation ,inflammation ,oxidized lipoproteins ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of immune dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection is unclear, and a potential role for oxidized lipids has been suggested. We hypothesize that both oxidized HDL and LDL (HDLox and LDLox) contribute to HIV-1-related immune dysfunction.StudyIn the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5260, 234 HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive participants were randomized to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine and protease inhibitors or raltegravir and had HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml by week 24 and thereafter.MethodsAssociations between biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer), immune activation (sCD163, sCD14, soluble IL-2 receptor, CD38 and HLA-DR), inflammatory monocytes (CD14CD16), T-cell senescence (CD28 and CD57) and exhaustion (PD1), and HDLox, LDLox were assessed at entry and after ART (week 96) with Spearman (partial) correlations.ResultsHDLox declined and LDLox increased over 96 weeks of ART. Positive associations were observed at baseline and over time between HDLox (but not consistently for LDLox) and most markers of inflammation and immune activation (but not senescence/exhaustion), even after adjustment for multiple comparisons, demographics, entry CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA. HDLox was positively associated with IL-6 (r = 0.19 - 0.29, P
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- 2016
116. Qfold: a new modeling paradigm for the RNA folding problem.
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Mark W. Lewis, Amit Verma, and Todd T. Eckdahl
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- 2021
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117. The Neuroimmune Response to Surgery – An Exploratory Study of Trauma-Induced Changes in Innate Immunity and Heart Rate Variability
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Malin Hildenborg, Jessica Kåhlin, Fredrik Granath, Anna Schening, Anna Granström, Anette Ebberyd, Lena Klevenvall, Henrik Zetterberg, Jinming Han, Todd T. Schlegel, Robert Harris, Helena Erlandsson Harris, and Lars I. Eriksson
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surgery ,innate immunity ,heart rate variability (HRV) ,inflammation ,neuroimmune alterations ,perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Surgery triggers a systemic inflammatory response that ultimately impacts the brain and associates with long-term cognitive impairment. Adequate regulation of this immune surge is pivotal for a successful surgical recovery. We explored the temporal immune response in a surgical cohort and its associations with neuroimmune regulatory pathways and cognition, in keeping with the growing body of evidence pointing towards the brain as a regulator of peripheral inflammation. Brain-to-immune communication acts through cellular, humoral and neural pathways. In this context, the vagal nerve and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) have been shown to modify peripheral immune cell activity in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the relevance of neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms following a surgical trauma is not yet elucidated. Twenty-five male patients undergoing elective laparoscopic abdominal surgery were included in this observational prospective study. Serial blood samples with extensive immune characterization, assessments of heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive tests were performed before surgery and continuing up to 6 months post-surgery. Temporal immune responses revealed biphasic reaction patterns with most pronounced changes at 5 hours after skin incision and 14 days following surgery. Estimations of cardiac vagal nerve activity through HRV recordings revealed great individual variations depending on the pre-operative HRV baseline. A principal component analysis displayed distinct differences in systemic inflammatory biomarker trajectories primarily based on pre-operative HRV, with potiential consequences for long-term surgical outcomes. In conclusion, individual pre-operative HRV generates differential response patterns that associate with distinct inflammatory trajectories following surgery. Long-term surgical outcomes need to be examined further in larger studies with mixed gender cohorts.
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- 2022
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118. Effect of HIV Serostatus on ICU Admission and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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Kwapong, Yaa A., Sharma, Garima, Shade, Julie K., Piggott, Damani A., Brown, Todd T., Soleimanifard, Alborz, Wu, Katherine C., and Hays, Allison G.
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- 2022
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119. The global build-up to intrinsic ELM bursts seen in divertor full flux loops in Jet
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Chapman, S. C., Dendy, R. O., Todd, T. N., Watkins, N. W., Calderon, F. A., Morris, J., and Contributors, JET
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
A global signature of the build-up to an intrinsic ELM is found in the phase of signals measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region of JET. Full flux loop signals provide a global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux; they are electromagnetically induced by the dynamics of spatially integrated current density. We perform direct time-domain analysis of the high time-resolution full flux loop signals VLD2 and VLD3. We analyze plasmas where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which all the observed ELMs are intrinsic; there is no deliberate intent to pace the ELMing process by external means. ELM occurrence times are determined from the Be II emission at the divertor. We previously found that the occurrence times of intrinsic ELMs correlate with specific phases of the VLD2 and VLD3 signals. Here, we investigate how the VLD2 and VLD3 phases vary with time in advance of the ELM occurrence time. We identify a build-up to the ELM in which the VLD2 and VLD3 signals progressively align to the phase at which ELMs preferentially occur, on a ~ 2 -5ms timescale. At the same time, the VLD2 and VLD3 signals become phase synchronized with each other, consistent with the emergence of coherent global dynamics in the integrated current density. In a plasma that remains close to a global magnetic equilibrium, this can reflect bulk displacement or motion of the plasma. This build-up signature to an intrinsic ELM can be extracted from a time interval of data that does not extend beyond the ELM occurrence time, so that these full flux loop signals could assist in ELM prediction or mitigation., Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures. The following article has been submitted to Physics of Plasmas. After it is published it will be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/pop/browse
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- 2015
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120. "Relief of Man's Estate": The Theological Origins of the Modern Biomedical Project.
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Daly, Todd T. W.
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PHILOSOPHY of nature , *CREATION , *SCIENTIFIC method , *PRACTICAL theology , *AGE , *BACON , *AUDIOBOOKS , *SUFFERING , *PRACTICAL reason - Abstract
In recent years, medicine has been increasingly described as "Baconian", in reference to the scientific methodology laid out by Francis Bacon (1561–1626), who, in criticizing Aristotle's natural philosophy, called for cultivating useful knowledge in order to eradicate disease and extend human life by attenuating aging. Contemporary medicine is often described as "Baconian" insofar as it is devoted to the relief of suffering and the expansion of choice. These two features continue to exert pressure on medicine to expand understandings of both suffering and wellness. Recent attempts to reclassify human aging as a disease, for instance, bear witness to the Baconian impulse. In this article, I discuss and critique the religious origins of Bacon's call for a new kind of practical rationality in service of improving humanity, showing that they were deeply theological and considerably informed by events recorded in the biblical book of Genesis. I will also argue that the theological nature of Bacon's program, while theocentric in nature, suffers from inattention to Christology, which challenges Bacon's theology and the Baconian Project. Attending to Christological concerns modifies Bacon's approach to bioethics, which recognizes both the fallenness of creation and the power of medicine to address the human condition, especially human aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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121. The Effect of Open-Label Semaglutide on Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in People With HIV.
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Lake, Jordan E., Kitch, Douglas W., Kantor, Amy, Muthupillai, Raja, Klingman, Karin L., Vernon, Christina, Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Pablo F., Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Heath, Sonya, Perazzo, Hugo, Corey, Kathleen, Brown, Todd T., Landay, Alan, Sattler, Fred, and Erlandson, Kristine M.
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FATTY liver ,LIVER diseases ,HIV-positive persons ,HEPATITIS C ,SEMAGLUTIDE - Abstract
This article explores the impact of open-label semaglutide on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in individuals with HIV. MASLD is a condition characterized by fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The study aimed to determine if semaglutide could reduce liver fat and improve cardiometabolic parameters in people with HIV and MASLD. The findings indicate that semaglutide effectively reduces liver fat and improves markers such as glucose regulation and triglyceride concentrations. Participants generally tolerated semaglutide well, with mild gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common adverse events. While the study has limitations, such as a small sample size and the absence of a control group, it suggests that semaglutide may be a promising treatment for MASLD in individuals with HIV, potentially offering broader cardiometabolic benefits. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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122. CROI 2024: METABOLIC AND OTHER COMPLICATIONS OF HIV INFECTION.
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Sarkar, Sudipa and Brown, Todd T.
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- 2024
123. Association between self-reported marijuana use and incident diabetes in women and men with and at risk for HIV
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Okafor, Chukwuemeka N., Plankey, Michael W., Goodman-Meza, David, Li, Michael, Bautista, Karla J., Bolivar, Hector, Phyllis, Tien C., Brown, Todd T., and Shoptaw, Steven J.
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- 2020
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124. Associations Among 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, Lung Function, and Exacerbation Outcomes in COPD: An Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort
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Alexis, Neil E., Anderson, Wayne H., Arjomandi, Mehrdad, Barjaktarevic, Igor, Barr, R. Graham, Bateman, Lori A., Bhatt, Surya P., Bleecker, Eugene R., Boucher, Richard C., Bowler, Russell P., Christenson, Stephanie A., Comellas, Alejandro P., Cooper, Christopher B., Couper, David J., Criner, Gerard J., Crystal, Ronald G., Curtis, Jeffrey L., Doerschuk, Claire M., Dransfield, Mark T., Drummond, Brad, Freeman, Christine M., Galban, Craig, Han, MeiLan K., Hansel, Nadia N., Hastie, Annette T., Hoffman, Eric A., Huang, Yvonne, Kaner, Robert J., Kanner, Richard E., Kleerup, Eric C., Krishnan, Jerry A., LaVange, Lisa M., Lazarus, Stephen C., Martinez, Fernando J., Meyers, Deborah A., Moore, Wendy C., Newell, John D., Jr., Paine, Robert, III, Paulin, Laura, Peters, Stephen P., Pirozzi, Cheryl, Putcha, Nirupama, Oelsner, Elizabeth C., O’Neal, Wanda K., Ortega, Victor E., Raman, Sanjeev, Rennard, Stephen I., Tashkin, Donald P., Wells, J. Michael, Wise, Robert A., Woodruff, Prescott G., Postow, Lisa, Viviano, Lisa, Burkes, Robert M., Ceppe, Agathe S., Couper, David, Cooper, Christopher, Labaki, Wassim W., Pirozzi, Cheryl S., Brown, Todd T., and Drummond, M. Bradley
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- 2020
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125. Prevalence and predictors of low muscle mass in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection
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Gowda, Charitha, Brown, Todd T, Compher, Charlene, Forde, Kimberly A, Kostman, Jay, Shaw, Pamela A, Tien, Phyllis C, and Re, Vincent Lo
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Liver Disease ,Hepatitis ,Digestive Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Anthropometry ,Coinfection ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Hepatitis B ,Chronic ,Hepatitis C ,Chronic ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Muscular Atrophy ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,HIV ,low muscle mass ,Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study ,sarcopenia ,viral hepatitis ,Women's Interagency HIV Study ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveLow muscle mass is associated with reduced survival in HIV, possibly mediated by systemic inflammation. Viral hepatitis coinfection can induce additional inflammation and hepatic dysfunction that may exacerbate low muscle mass. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for low muscle mass in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection.Design and methodsA cross-sectional study of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study with anthropometry performed after 1 January 2000. Viral hepatitis defined by positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen and/or hepatitis C virus RNA. Low muscle mass defined as less than 10th percentile of age-matched and sex-matched reference values for mid-upper arm circumference. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association of HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection with low muscle mass and factors associated with low muscle mass in coinfected persons. Analyses adjusted for age, race, BMI, alcohol use, and IDU (also, nadir CD4 cell count and HIV RNA where appropriate).ResultsAmong 3518 participants (164 HIV/viral hepatitis, 223 viral hepatitis alone, 1070 HIV alone, and 2061 uninfected), HIV/viral hepatitis-coinfected persons had a 3.50-fold (95% CI, 1.51-8.09), 1.93-fold (1.17-3.20), and 2.65-fold (1.62-4.35) higher odds of low muscle mass than viral hepatitis-monoinfected, HIV-monoinfected, and uninfected persons, respectively. Lack of HIV RNA suppression [odds ratio, 2.26 (95% CI, 1.10-4.63)] was the only factor associated with low muscle mass in coinfected persons.ConclusionHIV/viral hepatitis-coinfected persons have a higher likelihood of low muscle mass than those with viral hepatitis monoinfection, HIV monoinfection, or neither infection. HIV viremia is an important risk factor for low muscle mass among coinfected persons.
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- 2016
126. Changes in Markers of T-Cell Senescence and Exhaustion With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, and Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s
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Kelesidis, Theodoros, Moser, Carlee, Stein, James H, Brown, Todd T, Tran, Thuy Tien T, Ribaudo, Heather J, Dube, Michael P, Yang, Otto O, Currier, Judith S, and McComsey, Grace A
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Infection ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Antigens ,CD ,Atazanavir Sulfate ,Darunavir ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Immunophenotyping ,Male ,Prospective Studies ,Raltegravir Potassium ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,antiretroviral therapy ,human immunodeficiency virus ,inflammation ,immune activation ,biomarkers ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
It is unclear whether differential roles of CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T-cell senescence/exhaustion and effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these processes may contribute to morbidity in treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. In a prospective 96-week trial, 328 HIV-infected ART-naive participants were randomly assigned to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine plus either atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir. Markers of CD4(+) T-cell senescence (ie, the percentage of CD28(-)CD57(+) cells among CD4(+) T cells ) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell exhaustion (ie, the percentage of PD-1(+) cells among CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells) decreased after ART. There were no changes in markers of CD8(+) T-cell senescence after ART and no differential changes in all markers in ART groups. Senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells may have differential roles in HIV pathogenesis.
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- 2016
127. Changes in Insulin Resistance After Initiation of Raltegravir or Protease Inhibitors With Tenofovir-Emtricitabine: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5260s.
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Dirajlal-Fargo, Sahera, Moser, Carlee, Brown, Todd T, Kelesidis, Theodoros, Dube, Michael P, Stein, James H, Currier, Judith, and McComsey, Grace A
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inflammatory markers ,insulin resistance ,raltegravir - Abstract
Background. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter glucose metabolism, but little data exist on the association of raltegravir (RAL) with insulin resistance. Methods. A5260s was a substudy of A5257, a prospective open-label randomized trial in which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected treatment-naive participants were randomized to tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir-ritonavir (DRV/r), or RAL over 96 weeks. Baseline and changes in insulin resistance as estimated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess shifts in the distribution of fold increase from baseline between treatment arms, and Spearman correlation was used to assess associations between HOMA-IR and measures of inflammation and body composition. Results. Three hundred twenty-eight participants were randomized; 90% were male, baseline median age was 36, HIV ribonucleic acid copies were 4.55 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 cell count was 349/mm3. Overall, HOMA-IR increased significantly after 4 weeks (1.9-fold change; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-2.05) then plateaued over the remainder of the study. Changes in HOMA-IR were not different between the arms (P ≥ .23). Changes in HOMA-IR were associated with changes in body mass index at weeks 48 and 96 (r = 0.12-0.22; P ≤ .04). There was a trend with increases in HOMA-IR and increases in visceral abdominal fat at week 96 (r = 0.12; P = .06). At 48 and 96 weeks, HOMA-IR correlated with interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and soluble CD163 (r = 0.16-0.27; P ≤ .003). Conclusions. Insulin resistance increased rapidly and then plateaued in treatment-naive participants initiating ART with TDF/FTC, and no differences were found with RAL when compared with ATV/r or DRV/r.
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- 2016
128. Cardiovascular disease risk scores’ relationship to subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
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Monroe, Anne K, Haberlen, Sabina A, Post, Wendy S, Palella, Frank J, Kinsgley, Lawrence A, Witt, Mallory D, Budoff, Matthew, Jacobson, Lisa P, and Brown, Todd T
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Atherosclerosis ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Heart Disease ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Cardiovascular ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Coronary Vessels ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Decision Support Techniques ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Plaque ,Atherosclerotic ,ROC Curve ,Risk Assessment ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Tomography ,X-Ray ,cardiac computed tomography ,cardiovascular disease ,HIV ,risk scores ,subclinical atherosclerosis ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology - Abstract
ObjectiveTo study cardiovascular disease risk score utility, we compared the association between Framingham Risk Score (FRS)/pooled cohort equation (PCE) categories and coronary artery plaque presence by HIV serostatus and evaluated whether D : A : D risk category more accurately identifies plaque in HIV-infected men.DesignCross-sectional analysis within a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.MethodsCardiac computed tomography was performed to assess coronary plaque. We evaluated the association of plaque with increasing cardiovascular disease risk score category, stratified by HIV serostatus, using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves compared the discrimination of the scores for plaque by HIV serostatus. The sensitivity and specificity of the risk scores were compared in HIV-infected men.ResultsThe risk score category - plaque associations were stronger among HIV-uninfected men than HIV-infected men, except for noncalcified plaque. For example, the odds of coronary artery calcium more than 0 were 7.03 (95% confidence interval 4.21, 11.76) times greater among men in the PCE high-risk versus low-risk category among HIV-uninfected men, compared with just 3.13 (95% confidence interval 2.13, 4.61) times greater among men in the high-risk versus low-risk category among HIV-infected men. Among HIV-infected men, high-risk category by PCE identified the greatest percentage of men with plaque/stenosis, but with lower specificity than D : A : D and FRS. The prevalence of coronary artery calcium more than 0 among men in the PCE low-risk category was 26.5% (HIV-uninfected men) and 36.0% (HIV-infected men).ConclusionsFRS and PCE categories associate with plaque burden better in HIV-uninfected men. No risk score delivered both high sensitivity and specificity among HIV-infected men.
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- 2016
129. Brief Report
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Miller, P Elliott, Haberlen, Sabina A, Brown, Todd T, Margolick, Joseph B, DiDonato, Joseph A, Hazen, Stanley L, Witt, Mallory D, Kingsley, Lawrence A, Palella, Frank J, Budoff, Matthew, Jacobson, Lisa P, Post, Wendy S, and Sears, Cynthia L
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HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Atherosclerosis ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Coronary Stenosis ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,HIV Infections ,HIV Seroprevalence ,Humans ,Male ,Methylamines ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,HIV ,trimethylamine-N-oxide ,coronary artery disease ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
Recent evidence has shown a complex relationship between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrients, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) production, initiated by the microbiota, has been associated with CVD events. We sought to test if this association exists in HIV-infected persons. After adjusting for aspirin use and CVD risk factors, HIV-infected men were more likely to have coronary stenosis in the second and third TMAO quartiles compared with the first quartile, but did not differ significantly in the fourth quartile. We found an inverted U-shaped association between TMAO levels and the presence of coronary artery stenosis among HIV-infected men.
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- 2016
130. Lacrimal Injury During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Avoidance and Management
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Beswick, Daniel M., primary and Kingdom, Todd T., additional
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- 2021
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131. Body Composition Changes After Initiation of Raltegravir or Protease Inhibitors: ACTG A5260s
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McComsey, Grace A, Moser, Carlee, Currier, Judith, Ribaudo, Heather J, Paczuski, Pawel, Dubé, Michael P, Kelesidis, Theodoros, Rothenberg, Jennifer, Stein, James H, and Brown, Todd T
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Abdominal Fat ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Body Composition ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Protease Inhibitors ,RNA ,Viral ,Raltegravir Potassium ,Viral Load ,Weight Gain ,lipodystrophy ,lipoatrophy ,visceral fat ,limb fat ,body composition ,lipodystrophy ,lipoatrophy ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundFat gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) occurs, and its association with protease inhibitors (PIs) is unclear.MethodsPeripheral and central fat depots and lean mass were measured using standardized and centrally read abdominal CT scans and whole-body dual-energy absorptiometry scans over a 96-week period in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected treatment-naive participants. The patients were randomized to tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir-ritonavir (DRV/r), or raltegravir (RAL) in ACTG A5260s, a substudy of A5257. Within arm changes were assessed with signed-rank tests. The 96-week percentage changes in fat and lean mass in the 2 PI arms were not different, thus the PI arms were combined and compared to the RAL arm. Associations between baseline biomarkers and changes in body composition were assessed. All analyses used linear regression models.Results328 patients were randomized (90% male, 44% white non-Hispanic). The median age was 36 years, HIV-1 RNA 4.6 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 349 cells/μL. Overall, at week 96, increases in limb fat (13.4%), subcutaneous (19.9%) and visceral abdominal fat (25.8%), trunk fat (18%), and lean mass (1.8%) were apparent (P < .001 for changes within each arm). Changes for all fat and lean outcomes were not different between the PI arms or between the RAL and the combined PI arms. Higher baseline HIV-1 RNA levels were associated with greater gains in peripheral and central fat.ConclusionsIn treatment-naive participants initiating ART with TDF/FTC, no differences in lean mass and regional fat were found with RAL when compared with ATV/r or DRV/r over 96 weeks.Clinical trials registrationNCT00811954 and NCT00851799.
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- 2016
132. Anatomic Fat Depots and Coronary Plaque Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
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Palella, Frank J, McKibben, Rebeccah, Post, Wendy S, Li, Xiuhong, Budoff, Matthew, Kingsley, Lawrence, Witt, Mallory D, Jacobson, Lisa P, and Brown, Todd T
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Heart Disease ,Prevention ,Atherosclerosis ,HIV/AIDS ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,adiposity ,coronary plaque ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
Methods. In a cross-sectional substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring was performed on all men, and, for men with normal renal function, coronary CT angiography (CTA) was performed. Associations between fat depots (visceral adipose tissue [VAT], abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue [aSAT], and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue [tSAT]) with coronary plaque presence and extent were assessed with logistic and linear regression adjusted for age, race, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, body mass index (BMI), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) parameters. Results. Among HIV-infected men (n = 597) but not HIV-uninfected men (n = 343), having greater VAT was positively associated with noncalcified plaque presence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, P < .05), with a significant interaction (P < .05) by HIV serostatus. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected men had lower median aSAT and tSAT and greater median VAT among men with BMI
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- 2016
133. Comparison of Insulin Resistance to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Men (from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)
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Brener, Michael I, Post, Wendy S, Haberlen, Sabina A, Zhang, Long, Palella, Frank J, Jacobson, Lisa P, Dobs, Adrian S, George, Richard T, Witt, Mallory D, Budoff, Matthew, Kingsley, Lawrence A, and Brown, Todd T
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Research ,Atherosclerosis ,Heart Disease ,HIV/AIDS ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Infection ,Adult ,Aged ,Biomarkers ,Blood Glucose ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Coronary Angiography ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Coronary Stenosis ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Immunocompromised Host ,Insulin ,Insulin Resistance ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Assessment ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,United States ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
The relation between insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains incompletely defined. Fasting serum insulin and glucose measurements from 448 HIV-infected and 306 uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were collected at semiannual visits from 2003 to 2013 and used to compute the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was performed at the end of the study period to characterize coronary pathology. Associations between HOMA-IR (categorized into tertiles and assessed near the time of the CTA and over the 10-year study period) and the prevalence of coronary plaque or stenosis ≥50% were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. HOMA-IR was higher in HIV-infected men than HIV-uninfected men when measured near the time of CTA (3.2 vs 2.7, p = 0.002) and when averaged over the study period (3.4 vs 3.0, p
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- 2016
134. A Cross-sectional Study of the Association Between Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis Among Participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
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McKibben, Rebeccah A, Haberlen, Sabina A, Post, Wendy S, Brown, Todd T, Budoff, Matthew, Witt, Mallory D, Kingsley, Lawrence A, Palella, Frank J, Thio, Chloe L, and Seaberg, Eric C
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Heart Disease ,Prevention ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Cardiovascular ,Atherosclerosis ,Liver Disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Hepatitis ,Hepatitis - C ,Digestive Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,HIV Infections ,Hepatitis C ,Chronic ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Risk Factors ,United States ,atherosclerosis ,cardiovascular disease ,hepatitis C virus infection ,human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ,plaque ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of chronic HCV infection and coronary atherosclerosis among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.MethodsWe assessed 994 men with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (87 of whom had chronic HCV infection) for coronary plaque, using noncontrast coronary computed tomography (CT); 755 also underwent CT angiography. We then evaluated the associations of chronic HCV infection and HIV infection with measures of plaque prevalence, extent, and stenosis.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographic characteristics, HIV serostatus, behaviors, and CVD risk factors, chronic HCV infection was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (prevalence ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.63), any plaque (prevalence ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45), and noncalcified plaque (prevalence ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16-1.75). Chronic HCV infection and HIV infection were independently associated with the prevalence of any plaque and of noncalcified plaque, but there was no evidence of a synergistic effect due to HIV/HCV coinfection. The prevalences of coronary artery calcium, any plaque, noncalcified plaque, a mixture of noncalcified and calcified plaque, and calcified plaque were significantly higher among men with an HCV RNA load of ≥2 × 10(6) IU/mL, compared with findings among men without chronic HCV infection.ConclusionsChronic HCV infection is associated with subclinical CVD, suggesting that vigilant assessments of cardiovascular risk are warranted for HCV-infected individuals. Future research should determine whether HCV infection duration or HCV treatment influence coronary plaque development.
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- 2016
135. Longitudinal Changes Over 10 Years in Free Testosterone Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men
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Slama, Laurence, Jacobson, Lisa P, Li, Xiuhong, Palella, Frank J, Margolick, Joseph B, Kingsley, Lawrence A, Wiley, Dorothy J, Pialoux, Gilles, Dobs, Adrian S, and Brown, Todd T
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HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Aging ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Eunuchism ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Regression Analysis ,Testosterone ,Time Factors ,HIV-status ,Free testosterone ,diurnal variation ,aging ,Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundAging in males is associated with lower testosterone levels and a decrease in diurnal variation of testosterone secretion. Cross-sectional studies have shown lower than expected testosterone levels among HIV-infected men, but whether age-related changes in serum testosterone differ by HIV serostatus are not known.MethodsHIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), age ≥ 45 years at highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation, who had ≥ 2 samples from the subsequent 10 years, were matched to HIV-uninfected men by age, race, MACS site, and calendar time of samples. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to determine whether free testosterone (FT) and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus.ResultsOne hundred eighty-two HIV-infected and 267 HIV-uninfected men were included, median age: 48.8 years (interquartile range: 45.8-53.4), median numbers of FT measurements per participant 4 (interquartile range: 3-5), 65% were drawn in the adjusted morning (AM). Mean-adjusted FT levels were lower among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected men in AM samples {-6.1 ng/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.8 to -2.4], P = 0.001}, but not in afternoon samples [-1.7 ng/dL (-6.0 to 2.6), P = 0.441]. The rate of FT decline with age did not differ by HIV serostatus: 9.2 ng/dL (95% CI: -13.4 to -5.0) per 10 years for HIV-infected vs. 7.9 ng/dL (95% CI: -10.2 to -5.5) for HIV-uninfected men, P = 0.578.ConclusionsFT decreased similarly with increasing age regardless of HIV serostatus. The lower AM, but not adjusted afternoon, FT levels among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men suggest a loss of diurnal variation in FT levels among HIV-infected men.
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- 2016
136. Linear trichoepithelioma on the neck of a 15-year-old girl
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Laska, Amanda J, Belli, Roberto A, and Kobayashi, Todd T
- Abstract
Trichoepitheliomas are trichogenic tumors that can have various clinical morphologies. These tumors are benign and differentiate toward the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Solitary trichoepitheliomas arise sporadically, in contrast to multiple trichoepitheliomas, which are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait or as part of various genetic syndromes. We report a case of an adolescent female with a linear array of trichoepitheliomas on her left neck.
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- 2016
137. Estrogen-Based Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Transgender Women with HIV
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Martinez, Claudia A., primary, Rikhi, Rishi, additional, Fonseca Nogueira, Nicholas, additional, Pester, Mollie S., additional, Salazar, Ana S., additional, Ashinne, Beteal, additional, Aguilar, Natalie, additional, Melara, Abraham, additional, Porras, Valeria, additional, Parker, Meela, additional, Mendez, Armando, additional, Cyrus, Elena, additional, De Santis, Joseph P., additional, Jones, Deborah L., additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, Hurwitz, Barry E., additional, and Alcaide, Maria L., additional
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- 2023
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138. The unintended influence of control systems on edge-plasma transport and stability in the Joint European Torus
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Webster, A. J., Morris, J., Todd, T. N., Brezinsek, S., and Contributors, JET EFDA
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
A unique experiment in the Joint European Torus (JET) consecutively produced 120 almost identical plasma pulses, providing two orders of magnitude more data than is usually available. This allows the statistical detection of previously unobservable phenomena such as a sequence of resonant-like waiting times between edge-localised instabilities (ELMs). Here we investigate the causes of this phenomenon. By synchronising data to the 1000s of ELM times and averaging the results, random errors are reduced by a factor of 50, allowing unprecedentedly detailed behaviour to be described. A clear link can then be observed between plasma confinement, ELM occurrence, vertical plasma oscillations, and an otherwise unobservable oscillation in a control coil current that is not usually associated with ELM occurrence. The results suggest a strong and unanticipated edge-plasma dependence on control system behaviour., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures created from 7 figure files
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- 2014
139. EVA and total quality management*
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Bacidore, Jeffrey M., primary, Boquist, John A., additional, Milbourn, Todd T., additional, and Thakor, Anjan V., additional
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- 2023
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140. Coronary artery endothelial function and aging in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals
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Ziogos, Efthymios, primary, Kwapong, Yaa A., additional, Weiss, Robert G., additional, Schär, Michael, additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, Bagchi, Shashwatee, additional, Soleimanifard, Alborz, additional, Harb, Tarek, additional, Piggott, Damani A., additional, Gerstenblith, Gary, additional, Leucker, Thorsten M., additional, and Hays, Allison G., additional
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- 2023
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141. Diagnostic systems in DEMO: engineering design issues
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Todd, T N
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The diagnostic systems of DEMO that are mounted on or near the torus, whether intended for the monitoring and control functions of the engineering aspects or the physics behaviour of the machine, will have to be designed to suit the hostile nuclear environment. This will be necessary not just for their survival and correct functioning but also to satisfy the pertinent regulatory bodies, especially where any of them relate to machine protection or the prevention or mitigation of accidents foreseen in the safety case. This paper aims to indicate the more important of the reactor design considerations that are likely to apply to diagnostics for DEMO, drawn from experience on JET, the provisions in hand for ITER and modelling results for the wall erosion and neutron damage effects in DEMO., Comment: 8 pages
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- 2014
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142. Chasing Methuselah: Theology, the Body, and Slowing Human Aging
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Todd T. W. Daly and Todd T. W. Daly
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- 2021
143. Osteoprotegerin, but Not Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B Ligand, is Associated With Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Men
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Ketlogetswe, Kerunne S, McKibben, Rebeccah, Jacobson, Lisa P, Li, Xuihong, Dobs, Adrian S, Budoff, Matthew, Witt, Mallory D, Palella, Frank J, Kingsley, Lawrence, Margolick, Joseph B, Post, Wendy S, and Brown, Todd T
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Heart Disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Atherosclerosis ,HIV/AIDS ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Good Health and Well Being ,Academic Medical Centers ,Adult ,Aged ,Biomarkers ,Calcium ,Cohort Studies ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Coronary Vessels ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,HIV Infections ,Heart ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Osteoprotegerin ,RANK Ligand ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,United States ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
ContextAbnormalities in the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) axis have been observed in HIV-infected persons and have been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis in the general population.ObjectiveTo determine associations of serum OPG and RANKL concentrations with HIV infection and subclinical atherosclerosis.DesignCross-sectional study nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.SettingFour US academic medical centers.ParticipantsThere were 578 HIV-infected and 344 HIV-uninfected men.Main outcome measuresCoronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography, and coronary stenosis and plaque characteristics (composition, presence, and extent) were measured by coronary computed tomography angiography. All statistical models were adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors.ResultsOPG concentrations were higher, and RANKL concentrations were lower among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men (P < 0.0001 each). Among HIV-infected men, higher OPG concentrations were associated with the presence of CAC, mixed plaque, and coronary stenosis >50%, but not with plaque extent. In contrast, among HIV-uninfected men, higher OPG concentrations were associated with the extent of both CAC and calcified plaque, but not with their presence. RANKL concentrations were not associated with plaque presence or the extent among HIV-infected men, but among HIV-uninfected men, lower RANKL concentrations were associated with greater extent of CAC and total plaque.ConclusionsOPG and RANKL are dysregulated in HIV-infected men, and their relationship to the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis varies by HIV status. The role of these biomarkers in CVD pathogenesis and risk prediction may be different in HIV-infected men.
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- 2015
144. Accelerated Longitudinal Gait Speed Decline in HIV-Infected Older Men.
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Schrack, Jennifer A, Althoff, Keri N, Jacobson, Lisa P, Erlandson, Kristine M, Jamieson, Beth D, Koletar, Susan L, Phair, John, Ferrucci, Luigi, Brown, Todd T, Margolick, Joseph B, and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
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Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Gait Disorders ,Neurologic ,Incidence ,Cohort Studies ,Aging ,Adult ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Male ,gait speed ,HIV-infection ,functional decline ,disability ,aging ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Infection ,Virology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
BackgroundGait speed predicts functional decline, disability, and death and is considered a biomarker of biological aging. Changes in gait speed in persons aging with HIV may provide an important method of gauging health and longevity in an under assessed population. The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the rate of gait speed decline in HIV-infected (HIV⁺) men compared with HIV-uninfected (HIV⁻) men.MethodsThe study was nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The primary outcome was usual gait speed in meters per second measured between 2007 and 2013. Differences in the rate of gait speed decline and the incidence of clinically slow gait (
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- 2015
145. Heat Shock Protein 27 Levels Predict Myocardial Inhomogeneities in Hemodialysis Patients
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Andrzej Jaroszyński, Todd T. Schlegel, Jerzy Mosiewicz, Renata Stępień, and Wojciech Dąbrowski
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Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
Background. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the single major cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. QRS-T angle is an established marker of global repolarization heterogeneity associated with electrical instability and SCD. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plays an important, protective role against noxious factors in the cardiovascular (CV) system. This study is aimed at assessing whether low HSP27 is associated with myocardial inhomogeneities in HD patients, as expressed by increases in the spatial QRS-T angle. Methods. Clinical data and biochemical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in 182 HD patients. Patients were split into normal and abnormal QRS-T angle groups. Results. Patients with abnormally high QRS-T angles were older and had higher prevalence of diabetes as well as myocardial infarction, higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and C-reactive protein, worse oxidant/antioxidant status, and lower ejection fraction and HSP27. Multiple regression analysis revealed that abnormal QRS-T values were independently, negatively associated with serum HSP27 and positively associated with LVMI. Conclusions. Low HSP27 levels are associated with increased heterogeneity of myocardial action potential, as expressed by increased spatial QRS-T angle.
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- 2022
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146. Development of Hamari Ligands for Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Tailor-Made Amino Acids
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Jianlin Han, Todd T. Romoff, Hiroki Moriwaki, Hiroyuki Konno, and Vadim A. Soloshonok
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2019
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147. Metabolomics and a Breath Sensor Identify Acetone as a Biomarker for Heart Failure
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Patrick A. Gladding, Maxine Cooper, Renee Young, Suzanne Loader, Kevin Smith, Erica Zarate, Saras Green, Silas G. Villas Boas, Phillip Shepherd, Purvi Kakadiya, Eric Thorstensen, Christine Keven, Margaret Coe, Mia Jüllig, Edmond Zhang, and Todd T. Schlegel
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heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Background: Multi-omics delivers more biological insight than targeted investigations. We applied multi-omics to patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: 46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction and NTproBNP. A consumer breath acetone (BrACE) sensor validated results in n = 73. Results: 28 metabolites were identified by GCMS, 35 by LCMS and 4 volatiles by SPME in plasma and urine. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered in HFrEF. Plasma acetone correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), 2-oxovaleric and cis-aconitic acid, involved with ketone metabolism and mitochondrial energetics. BrACE > 1.5 ppm discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology (AUC 0.8, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Breath acetone discriminated HFrEF from other cardiac pathology using a consumer sensor, but was not cardiac specific.
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- 2022
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148. Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Nasal Polyps and Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
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Chowdhury, Farshad N, primary and Kingdom, Todd T, additional
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- 2021
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149. Limited correlation between systemic biomarkers and neurocognitive performance before and during HIV treatment
- Author
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Robertson, Kevin, Landay, Alan, Miyahara, Sachiko, Vecchio, Alyssa, Masters, Mary Clare, Brown, Todd T., and Taiwo, Babafemi O.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Ritonavir, or Raltegravir
- Author
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Brown, Todd T, Moser, Carlee, Currier, Judith S, Ribaudo, Heather J, Rothenberg, Jennifer, Kelesidis, Theodoros, Yang, Otto, Dubé, Michael P, Murphy, Robert L, Stein, James H, and McComsey, Grace A
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Infectious Diseases ,Osteoporosis ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Atazanavir Sulfate ,Bone Density ,Darunavir ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Emtricitabine ,Female ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,HIV Integrase Inhibitors ,HIV Protease Inhibitors ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Raltegravir Potassium ,Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ,Ritonavir ,Tenofovir ,Viral Load ,Young Adult ,bone mineral density ,protease inhibitor ,integrase inhibitor ,human immunodeficiency virus ,inflammation ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundSpecific antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications and the severity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease before treatment contribute to bone mineral density (BMD) loss after ART initiation.MethodsWe compared the percentage change in BMD over 96 weeks in 328 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals randomized equally to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or raltegravir (RAL). We also determined whether baseline levels of inflammation markers and immune activation were independently associated with BMD loss.ResultsAt week 96, the mean percentage changes from baseline in spine and hip BMDs were similar in the protease inhibitor (PI) arms (spine: -4.0% in the ATV/r group vs -3.6% in the DRV/r [P = .42]; hip: -3.9% in the ATV/r group vs -3.4% in the DRV/r group [P = .36]) but were greater in the combined PI arms than in the RAL arm (spine: -3.8% vs -1.8% [P < .001]; hip: -3.7% vs -2.4% [P = .005]). In multivariable analyses, higher baseline concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and soluble CD14 were associated with greater total hip BMD loss, whereas markers of CD4(+) T-cell senescence and exhaustion (CD4(+)CD28(-)CD57(+)PD1(+)) and CD4(+) T-cell activation (CD4(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) were associated with lumbar spine BMD loss.ConclusionsBMD losses 96 weeks after ART initiation were similar in magnitude among patients receiving PIs, ATV/r, or DRV/r but lowest among those receiving RAL. Inflammation and immune activation/senescence before ART initiation independently predicted subsequent BMD loss.
- Published
- 2015
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