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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications working on TinyOS operating system is widely used in various areas. However, the requirement of managing the power constraints makes TinyOS different from ordinary systems and hence building WSNs with TinyOS can be a challenging and time-consuming task. As successfully applied in many other domains, model-driven engineering (MDE) can facilitate the design and implementation of such applications. Within this context, the researchers have performed noteworthy studies on deriving various MDE approaches and tools. However, these studies do not support the synchronization between TinyOS application models and the generated programs especially when any change is made in the programs. Hence, in this paper, we introduce a model-driven round-trip engineering (RTE) methodology in which both the MDE of TinyOS applications and synchronization between TinyOS instance models and corresponding code are provided with the use of a toolchain. A domain-specific modeling language, called DSML4TinyOS is used for the MDE of such applications while existing TinyOS programs can be reverse engineered in an environment, called RE4TinyOS. Models retrieved from the existing programs can be automatically processed again with DSML4TinyOS. Evaluation results showed that it is possible to obtain the configurations of the TinyOS applications completely just modeling with DSML4TinyOS whereas the same process leads the automatic creation of almost half of the module parts of these applications. Moreover, the time required for developing such systems from scratch decreased approximately to its half. The results also showed that both modelcode synchronization and the integration of existing TinyOS applications which do not have system models previously, into the proposed MDE are possible with using RE4TinyOS. RE4TinyOS succeeded in the reverse engineering of all main parts of the TinyOS applications taken from the official TinyOS Github repository and generated models were able to be visually processed in the MDE environment for further modifications., Turkish government; Flanders Make, a Flemish strategic research center for the manufactur-ing industry, Belgium, Hussein Marah would like to thank Turkish government for Turkiye Scholarships (YTB) program. This research was partially supported by Flanders Make, a Flemish strategic research center for the manufactur-ing industry, Belgium.

15th Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2020 -- 6 September 2020 through 9 September 2020 -- -- 164056, In this paper, we introduce a tool-supported reverse engineering methodology, called RE4TinyOS to create or update application models from TinyOS programs for the construction of Wireless Sensor Networks. Integrating with an existing model-driven engineering (MDE) environment, use of RE4TinyOS enables the model-code synchronization where any modification made in the TinyOS application code can be reflected into the application model and vice versa. Conducted case studies exemplified this model-code synchronization as well as the capability of creating application models completely from already existing TinyOS applications without models, which is crucial to integrate the implementations of the third party TinyOS applications into the MDE processes. Evaluation results showed that RE4TinyOS succeeded in the reverse engineering of all main parts of two well-known TinyOS applications taken from the official TinyOS Github repository and generated models were able to be visually processed in the MDE environment for further modifications. © 2020 Polish Information Processing Society - as it is since 2011., ACKNOWLEDGMENT Hussein Marah would like to thank Turkish government for Turkiye Scholarships (YTB) program. This research was partially supported by Flanders Make, a Flemish strategic research center for the manufacturing industry.

In this study the results of the implementation of the wireless sensor network prototype, to manage the luminaires in homes are presented, using Iris sensors nodes, designed to work with battery for long periods of time and with limited processing capabilities. The nodes use 6LoWPAN addresses. The address conversion to IPv6 is done by a gateway. The luminaires are managed using devices connected to IPv6 network, with Android operating system. The correct functioning of the prototype is demonstrated by validating the functionalities of the management system implemented., Se presentan los resultados de la implementación del prototipo de red inalámbrica de sensores para gestionar las luminarias en los hogares mediante el uso de los nodos de sensores Iris, diseñados para funcionar con batería durante largos períodos de tiempo y con capacidades de procesamiento limitadas. Los nodos usan direcciones 6LoWPAN; la conversión de la dirección a IPv6 se hace por medio de un gateway. Las luminarias se gestionan por medio de dispositivos conectados a la red Ipv6, con sistema operativo Android. El correcto funcionamiento del prototipo se demuestra al validar las funcionalidades del sistema de gestión implementado.

Un término o concepto que hoy en día está de moda es la “Internet de las Cosas” y se presenta como la nueva revolución de Internet. Esta internet que utilizamos para enviar o recibir email, leer periódicos, relacionarnos con otras personas mediante redes sociales queda atrás, ahora buscamos relacionarnos con los dispositivos que nos rodean, por ejemplo, deseamos que el refrigerador nos comunique cuando falte algún alimento para el desayuno de mañana, es en este punto donde las redes de sensores son el pilar de esta nueva evolución de internet. Los avances en redes inalámbricas, micro-fabricación, integración y microprocesadores embebidos permiten que el despliegue de esta nueva generación de redes pueda tener aplicaciones tanto comerciales como militares. Esta tecnología promete revolucionar la forma de vida y de trabajo a tal punto que permitirá relacionarnos de mejor forma con el medio, tomando decisiones con mucho más información, por ejemplo podemos desplegar vía aérea sensores de temperatura sobre bosques de difícil acceso, esto sensores se mantendrán en estado latente hasta que se detecte una variación en la temperatura, cuando ocurra algún evento como por ejemplo un cambio de temperatura, el sensor emitirá una señal que será transmitida por los mismo sensores adyacentes hasta alguna estación remota conectada a internet donde se dará alerta a los organismos pertinente sobre un posible foco de incendio, si a esto sensores se les proporciona una unidad de posicionamiento geográfico podrá informar la posición exacta donde ocurrió el evento. Estos nuevos avances tecnológicos traen consigo nuevos desafíos para la informática, por ejemplo: el diseño de algoritmos de representación y procesamiento de la información, desarrollo de nuevos protocolos, estándares de comunicación, herramientas de procesamiento de señales, sistemas de almacenamiento y nuevas metodologías de construcción de aplicaciones. A diferencia de las redes tradicionales, una red de sensores está sujeta a restricciones como procesamiento y energía. Una red de sensores extiende los límites de internet llegando a nuevos lugares y dispositivos. Esta nueva red resultante es de mayor tamaño y más dinámica, haciendo que TCP/IP sea exigido a niveles que hacen necesarios cambios en algunas de sus capas para dar soporte al nuevo tráfico que está surgiendo de estas nuevas redes. Este proyecto busca ser el punto de partida para el estudio de las redes sensores principalmente el protocolo 6lowpan y sus Aplicaciones, para ellos se requiere un estudio de los sistemas operativos que son la componente de software principal de toda red de sensores., Facultad de Informática

Wireless sensor networks are used to sample the environment in a distributed way. Therefore, it is mandatory for all of the measurements to be tightly synchronized in order to guarantee that every sensor is sampling the environment at the exact same instant of time. The synchronization drift gets bigger in environments suffering from temperature variations. Thus, this work is focused on improving time synchronization under deployments with temperature variations. The working hypothesis demonstrated in this work is that the clock skew of two nodes (the ratio of the real frequencies of the oscillators) is composed of a multiplicative combination of two main components: the clock skew due to the variations between the cut of the crystal of each oscillator and the clock skew due to the different temperatures affecting the nodes. By applying a nonlinear filtering, the homomorphic filtering, both components are separated in an effective way. A correction factor based on temperature, which can be applied to any synchronization protocol, is proposed. For testing it, an improvement of the FTSP synchronization protocol has been developed and physically tested under temperature variation scenarios using TelosB motes flashed with the IEEE 802.15.4 implementation supplied by TinyOS. This work has been partly supported by the Computer Architecture, Electronics and Electronic Technology Department at University of Cordoba (Spain), Spanish Grants P11-TIC-7462 and DPI2013-47347-C2-2-R and European Grant EEA 014-ABELCM-2013.

The core motivations of deploying a sensor network for a specific application come from the autonomy of sensors, their reduced size, and their capabilities for computing and communicating in a short range. However, many challenges for sensor networks still exist: minimizing energy consumption, and ensuring the performance of communication that may be affected by many parameters. The work described in this paper covers mainly the analysis of the impact of the temperature and humidity variations on link quality of XM1000 operating under TinyOS. Two-way ANOVA test has been applied and the obtained results show that both the temperature and humidity variations impact RSSI., Comment: 9 pages in International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) Vol.5, No.6, December 2014

A low cost and energy e_cient wireless sensor mote platform for low data rate monitoring applications is presented. The new platform, named DZ50, is based on the ATmega328P micro-controller and the RFM12b transceiver, which consume very low energy in low-power mode. Considerable energy saving can be achieved by reducing the power consumption during inactive (sleep) mode, notably in low data rate applications featured by long inactive periods. Without loss of generality, spot monitoring in a Smart Parking System (SPS) and soil moisture in a Precision Irrigation System (PIS) are selected as typical representative of low data rate applications. The performance of the new platform is investigated for typical scenarios of the selected applications and compared with that of MicaZ and TelosB. Energy measurements have been carried out for di_erent network operation states and settings, where the results reveal that the proposed platform allows to multiply the battery lifetime up to 7 times compared to MicaZ and TelosB motes in 10s sampling period scenarios.

This paper deals with the distance estimation issue in 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. On a basis of signal strength of received frames a distance between two sensor nodes using the log-normal shadowing radio propagation model (LNSM) is estimated. Basic problems of signal strength based systems are variation of RSSI parameter and correct calibration of coefficients for the LNSM model. For distance estimation in wireless networks, static and dynamic methods of calibration were already introduced. Static calibration has significant drawback in adaptation to the dynamical environment changes. Proposed work deals with an experimental validation of dynamic calibration method for distance estimation in wireless sensor networks. This method for dynamic estimation of radio environment parameters results in the significant improvements in the distance estimation accuracy in comparison with the known static methods.

In this paper we present the design and implementation of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for TinyOS, which we refer to as TinyCoAP. CoAP seeks to apply the same application transfer paradigm and basic features of HTTP to constrained networks, while maintaining a simple design and low overhead. The design constraints of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require special attention in the design process of the CoAP implementation. We argue that better performance and minimal resource consumption can be achieved developing a native library for the operating system embedded in the network. TinyOS already includes in its distribution an implementation of CoAP called CoapBlip. However, this is based on a library not originally designed to meet the requirements of TinyOS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by a comprehensive performance evaluation. In particular, we test and evaluate TinyCoAP and CoapBlip in a real scenario, as well as solutions based on HTTP. The evaluation is performed in terms of latency, memory occupation, and energy consumption. Furthermore, we evaluate the reliability of each solution by measuring the goodput obtained in a channel affected by Rayleigh fading. We also include a study on the effects that high workloads have on a server.

Autonomic and customized behavior in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be facilitated through the support of policy-based programming. Currently, a facility for policy debugging and execution trace does not exist. The state of the art assumes that developers will use other methods such as static analysis, batch scripts, and the emulators/simulators to achieve debugging and testing through unsustainably complex gauntlets of manual tests. In this paper, a new approach for controlling the policy-based WSN application simulation is proposed by creating a Policy Integrated Development Environment (Policy IDE) to work interactively with the TOSSIM simulation software using a packet communication mechanism. The benefits of this approach are truly interactive simulation, granular unit testing, interactive debugging, execution trace to validate application logic, and a simplified debugging process for applications that involve policy programming.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is drawing interest in various areas as they have great potential for many distributed applications in different scenarios. This paper demonstrates iSENSE, which provides a web-based sensor monitoring service and a sensor network test-bed. iSENSE uses heterogeneous wireless sensors that are capable of measuring temperature, humidity and light. Gateway nodes collect the sensed data from their respective network area and store the data in MySQL database for analysis and visualization through a portal. Through the test-bed user can remotely submit a sensor application (programs written in NesC) for compiling it using required softwares (TinyOS and NesC) and evaluating the performance of the application by downloading and executing them on dedicated sensing devices which form the test-bed.

One of the most significant challenges in wide-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to achieve energy efficiency in order to increase their lifetime and ensuring responsiveness. A very widely applied approach in this regard is to overload the region with numerous low-cost sensing devices that can communicate with each other wirelessly and coordinate amongst themselves in developing schedules for being asleep or active. The literature has numerous research works in this regard which aim to develop efficient sleep scheduling schemes. In this paper, we present an implementation of a grid-topology based cooperative Rank Based Sleep Scheduling (RBSS) protocol in which the nodes of every cell coordinate in a distributive manner, the decision making process of selecting the nodes that should stay active, while others sleep. The proposed protocol guarantees the WSN connectivity as well as the required coverage. Finally, we implement RBSS on a small scale grid using TelosB motes.

As the world is moving towards the “Internet of Things” [1], Internet Protocol enabled Wireless Sensor Network is becoming an important research area. In order to make it possible and to facilitate transmission of IPv6 packets over low powered networks, 6LoWPAN [2,3] has been introduced. In this paper, we study mobility issues and scenarios which may occur in the 6LoWPAN network. We also propose an approach to manage the mobility of nodes efficiently based on received signal strength and link quality. Simple load-balancing technique is also incorporated. The 6LoWPAN based Wireless Sensor Network can be integrated with grid computing establishing a Sensor-Grid which may also be used in various applications.

To evaluate the animal welfare, many ranchers would like to know the pressure on the animals due to the holsters and ropes. In this paper, a wireless real-time pressure monitoring system was designed based on wireless sensor network. The system consists of several pressure sensor nodes and a sink to coordinate the whole network, collect data from pressure sensor nodes and send the data to PC. An ultra-thin pressure sensor was integrated in the smart moteplatform to form the pressure sensor node. TinyOS, an open-source operating system and nesC language, an extension to C were applied for programming. In the lab test, the result of sensor calibration shows it has a good linearity and the packet delivery rate test verify that the system could operate stably and reliably in a better acceptable link quality. For better presenting to users, an information monitoring interface was used based on MATLAB as a simple demonstration of the whole system.

A cold chain is a temperature controlled supply chain. The chain that brings the temperature-sensitive products from the factory to the consumer through an uninterrupted series of steps under a controlled temperature is usually called the “cold chain.” The goods follow complex logistic paths along this chain, and the final distribution often requires the use of refrigerated vehicles. While the temperature is easily controlled and monitored in the factory plants, the refrigerated vehicles can be a crucial point in the whole chain, since the products may undergo transient conditions during the loading operations or even during the whole transport process with great risk to the integrity of the goods. The refrigerated vehicles have to satisfy some thermal requirements, which are mainly related to the insulation and refrigeration capabilities, but this does not assure product integrity because of the unpredictable condition that may occur during the transportation and that could cause a significant change in the product temperature. The only reliable way of verifying the real integrity of the cold chain consists of monitoring the temperature of the products during their distribution. Application proposed in this paper deals with a wireless sensor network that has been specifically designed to monitor temperature-sensitive products during their distribution, with the aim of conforming to the cold-chain. Here sensors are placed along the cold boxes, such as product nodes communicate through a wireless channel with a base station which collects and processes the data sent by all nodes. This will continuously monitor temperature and multiple level of alert is provided in case of any undesirable condition in the product. The alert messages are forwarded to the vehicle driver and to the producer of the product.

The development of energy-efficient applications for wireless sensor networks requires mechanisms and tools for run-time monitoring of energy consumption. We propose a software framework that supports energy profiling of applications for the TinyOS 2.x platform. Measurements are obtained through the insertion of software probes within the code of the operating system. As a consequence, since the APIs are not changed, the programmer is not forced to modify the code of existing applications. The technique has been validated by comparing its results with the values registered by dedicated hardware.

This paper proposed an agricultural application of wirless sensor network. The main work is to implement two types of nodes and building sensor network. The hardware platform is constituted by data process unit, radio module, sensor control matrix, data storage flash, power supply unit, analog interfaces and extended digital interfaces. The software system adopts TinyOS which is composed of system kernel, device drivers and applications. Energy-saving algorithm is implemented in the software system. The monitoring network adopts two networking protocols. The Collection Tree Protocol is a tree-based collection protocol which consists in collecting the data generated in the network into a base station. The dissemination is the complementary operation to collection. The goal of a dissemination protocol is to reliably deliver a piece of control and synchronization instructions to every node in the network. The experimental results show us that the monitoring system is feasible for applications in precision agriculture.

This paper, the third one in a three-paper sequence, presents the result of TOSSIM simulation of a Hopfield neural network as a static optimizer and configured to solve the maximum independent set (MIS) problem using a wireless sensor network as a fully parallel and distributed computing hardware platform. TinyOS with its default protocol stack along with nesC were used to develop the simulation model. Simulations were realized for mote counts of 10, 50, 100, and 182; messaging complexity, memory and simulation time costs were measured. Results indicated, as the most prominent finding, that the neural optimization algorithm was able to compute solutions to the MIS problem. The memory footprint of the TOSSIM process in Windows XP environment was about 20 MB for the range of sensor networks considered. The messaging complexity as measured by the total number of messages transmitted and the simulation time increased rather quickly indicating a need to optimize and tune certain aspects of the simulation environment if wireless sensor networks with higher mote counts need to be simulated.

This paper, the second one in a three-paper sequence, presents the nesC model of a Hopfield neural network configured for a static optimization problem, the maximum independent set, in fully parallel and distributed mode for TinyOS-based wireless sensor networks. Actual nesC code that implements the required neural computing functionality is presented. The graph representation of the maximum independent set problem is used as the basis for the topology of the Hopfield network as well as the wireless sensor network since each mote is conceived to house one neuron in order to facilitate fully parallel and distributed computation. The nesC implementation of a multitude of phases of computation is detailed including initialization of the neural network, relaxation, convergence detection, and solution detection all while the neural computations are performed on the wireless sensor network. Simulation of the presented nesC-TinyOS model is deferred to the third paper in the sequence.

TinyOS is an effective platform for developing lightweight embedded network applications. But the platform’s lean programming model and power-efficient operation come at a price: TinyOS applications are notoriously difficult to construct, debug, and maintain. The development difficulties stem largely from a programming model founded on events and deferred execution. In short, the model introduces non-determinism in the execution ordering of primitive actions — an issue exacerbated by the fact that embedded network systems are inherently distributed and reactive. The resulting set of possible execution sequences for a given system is typically large and can swamp developers’ unaided ability to reason about program behavior.In this paper, we present a visualization toolkit for TinyOS 2.0 to aid in program comprehension. The goal is to assist developers in reasoning about the computation forest underlying a system under test and the particular branches chosen during each run. The toolkit supports comprehension activities involving both local and distributed runtime behavior. The constituent components include (i) a full-featured static analysis and instrumentation library, (ii) a selection-based probe insertion system, (iii) a lightweight event recording service, (iv) a trace extraction and reconstruction tool, and (v) three visualization front-ends. We demonstrate the utility of the toolkit using both standard and custom system examples and present an analysis of the toolkit’s resource usage and performance characteristics.

This paper presents the design of a new wireless sensor node (GAIA Soil-Mote) for precision horticulture applications which permits the use of precision agricultural instruments based on the SDI-12 standard. Wireless communication is achieved with a transceiver compliant with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The GAIA Soil-Mote software implementation is based on TinyOS. A two-phase methodology was devised to validate the design of this sensor node. The first phase consisted of laboratory validation of the proposed hardware and software solution, including a study on power consumption and autonomy. The second phase consisted of implementing a monitoring application in a real broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var Marathon) crop in Campo de Cartagena in south-east Spain. In this way the sensor node was validated in real operating conditions. This type of application was chosen because there is a large potential market for it in the farming sector, especially for the development of precision agriculture applications.

[SPA]Internet de las Cosas (Internet of Things, IoT) plantea dudas importantes e introduce nuevos retos en la privacidad de las personas y en la seguridad de los sistemas y de los procesos. Algunas aplicaciones de IoT están estrechamente vinculadas a infraestructuras sensibles y servicios estratégicos tales como la distribución de agua y electricidad. Otras aplicaciones manejan información sensible acerca de las personas, tales como su ubicación y sus desplazamientos, o sus preferencias de salud o de compra. La confianza y la aceptación de los servicios y sistemas creados sobre la base de IoT dependerán de la protección que ofrezca a la intimidad de las personas y a los niveles de seguridad que garantice a los sistemas y procesos. Del mismo modo, IoT permitirá a cualquier objeto convertirse en un participante activo: estos objetos serán capaces de reconocer los acontecimientos y los cambios en su entorno y detectar y reaccionar de forma autónoma, sin intervención humana. La introducción de objetos en los procesos de control hace que la seguridad en IoT sea difícil de abordar. De hecho, IoT es un sistema complejo en el que las personas interactúan con el ecosistema tecnológico basado en objetos inteligentes a través de procesos complejos. Las interacciones de estos cuatro componentes de IoT: personas, objetos inteligentes, ecosistema tecnológico y procesos resaltan una dimensión sistémica y cognitiva en la seguridad de IoT. La interacción de las personas con el ecosistema tecnológico requiere la protección de su privacidad. Del mismo modo, su interacción con los procesos de control requiere garantizar su seguridad ya que los procesos deben garantizar su fiabilidad y dirigirse hacia los objetivos para los que fueron diseñados. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Master es el diseño, la implementación y el uso de un testbed para pruebas experimentales en el que medir las prestaciones de soluciones de seguridad para Internet de las Cosas.[ENG]Internet of Things (IoT) proposes important questions, introduces new challenges about people privacy and security in processes and systems. Some IoT applications are closely linked to critical structures and strategic services as or electricity water distribution. Other applications handle critical information about people, such as localization or movements, health or shop preferences. The confidence and acceptance of services and systems built over IoT will depend of the people’s intimacy and the security levels. IoT will let to any object become an active: these objects will recognize events and changes in the environment, detecting and responding autonomously, without human intervention. The object introduction in the control processes makes the IoT security difficult to approach. IoT is a complex system where individuals interact with technologic ecosystem based in intelligent objects through complex processes. There are four components that interact: people, intelligent objects, technologic ecosystem and processes that emphasize a systematic and cognitive dimension in IoT security. People interaction with technologic ecosystem requires privacy protection. In addition, the interaction with control processes requires guarantee the security because processes must ensure reliability and be focus to the goals that were designed. The main objective of this Final Master Thesis is the design, implementation and the use of testbed to experimental test and measure performance solutions about security for Internet of Things. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

La Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi requiere de un equipo muy costoso para realizar uno de sus estudios sobre la gaviota patiamarilla del Cantábrico, y ha propuesto a la facultad de informática de Donostia-San Sebastián la creación de un dispositivo para el mismo fin, por un precio menor. Los dispositivos elegidos para la realización del seguimiento son las motas IRIS a las que se incorpora un GPS para poder registrar la localización de las aves. El objetivo de este proyecto consiste en implementar en NesC parte del código de una aplicación de seguimiento de aves. Además, se requiere diseñar un sistema de actualización del software que ejecutan las motas de forma inalámbrica mediante el sistema de radio. Este documento analiza la implementación del software para el seguimiento de las gaviotas patiamarillas, asi como el análisis previo del sistema operativo utilizado, TinyOS y las funcionalidades que éste nos ofrece.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have wide variety of applications and provide limitless future potentials. Nodes in WSNs are prone to failure due to energy depletion, hardware failure, communication link errors, malicious attacks, and so on. Therefore, fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in WSNs. We study how fault tolerance is addressed in different applications of WSNs. Fault tolerant routing is a critical task for sensor networks operating in dynamic environments. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. The focus, however, has been given to the routing protocols which might differ depending on the application and network architecture., {"references":["Luciana Souza, Harald Vogt, Michael Beigl, \"A Survey on fault\ntolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks\", Universitat Karlsruhe, 2007.","Jonathan L. Bredin, Erik D. Demaine, Mohammad Taghi Hajiyaghayi,\nDaniel Rus, \"Deploying sensor networks with guaranteed capacity and\nfault tolerance\", MobiHoc '05, May 25-27, 2005, Illinois USA.","Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, Alberto Sangiovanni-\nVincentelli, \"Fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks\", Handbook of\nSensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems, CRC\nPress, 2004.","Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, Ivan Stojmenovik, \"Fault tolerant\nalgorithms/protocols in wireless sensor networks\", Springer-Verlag\nLondon Limited, 2009.","Xin-Ming Huang, Jing Deng, Jing Ma, Zeyu Wu, \"fault tolerance for\nwireless sensor grid networks\", 2005.","J.V. Capella, R. Ors, J.J. Serrano, \"New challenges in wireless sensor\nnetworks: fault tolerance and real time\", IEEE, 2005.","Irfan Al-Anbagi, Melike Erol-Kantarchi, Hussein T.Mougtah, \"Priority\nand Delay aware Medium access for Wireless Sensor Network in the\nSmart Grid\", IEEE Systems Journal, 2013.","Jamal N. Al-Karaki, Ahmed E. Kamal, \"Routing Techniques in Wireless\nSensor Networks: A Survey\", ICUBE Initiative of lowa State University,\nMay 2003.","Erdal Cayirci, Chunming Rong, \"Security in Wireless Ad hoc and\nSensor Networks\", John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2009.\n[10] Michael Grottke, Hairong Sun, Ricardo M. Fricks, Kishor S. Trivedi,\n\"Ten fallacies of availability and reliability analysis\", Springer-Verlag\nBerling Heidelberg, 2008.\n[11] Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, \"Protocols and Architectures for Wireless\nSensor Networks\", John Wiley & Sons, 2005.\n[12] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, \"Wireless\nSensor Networks: A Survey\", Elseiver Science B.V., 2002."]}

Existing approaches used to develop compact low-power multichannel wireless neural recording systems range from creating custom-integrated circuits to assembling commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) PC-based components. Custom-integrated-circuit designs yield extremely compact and low-power devices at the expense of high development and upgrade costs and turn-around times, while assembling COTS-PC-technology yields high performance at the expense of large system size and increased power consumption. To achieve a balance between implementing an ultra-compact custom-fabricated neural transceiver and assembling COTS-PC-technology, an overlay of a neural interface upon the TinyOS-based MICA2 platform is described. The system amplifies, digitally encodes, and transmits neural signals real-time at a rate of 9.6 kbps, while consuming less than 66 mW of power. The neural signals are received and forwarded to a client PC over a serial connection. This data rate can be divided for recording on up to 6 channels, with a resolution of 8 bits/sample. This work demonstrates the strengths and limitations of the TinyOS-based sensor technology as a foundation for chronic remote biological monitoring applications and, thus, provides an opportunity to create a system that can leverage from the frequent networking and communications advancements being made by the global TinyOS-development community.

Završni rad baziran je na uporabi bežične mreže za praćenje ambijentalnih parametara zatvorenog prostora. U prvom dijelu rada, dani su osnovni teorijski koncepti bežičnih mreža osjetila. Uvid u izvedbu CTP protokola, implementacije aplikacije za platformu TinyOS, sučelje te web stranice sustava dan je drugom dijelu rada. Za optimalnu izvedbu sustava bilo je potrebno konstruirati topologiju stabla cijele mreže. Razvijena je programska podrška za sučelje mreže, tj. agregaciju podataka te programski modul za obradbu informacija. Funkcionalnosti implementirane u ovom radu dovoljne su za osnovno praćenje ambijentalnih parametara u prostoru. Thesis addresses the use of wireless sensor network in indoor ambiental parameter monitoring. In the first part of the thesis, basic theoretical concepts of wireless sensor networks are given. Insight into construction of CTP protocol, implementation of application for TinyOS platform, interface and website of the system is given in second part. For optimal performance of the system, it was necessary to construct a tree topology of the network. The software for network interface, ie. the aggregation of data, and software modul for information processing were developed. The functionalities that we have implemented in this thesis are sufficient for baseline monitoring of environmental parameters indoor.

Cilj diplomskega dela je predstaviti brezzicna senzorska omrezja, nacrtovati in izdelati tako omrezje. Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na teoreticni in prakticni del. V prvem delu opisemo brezzicna senzorska omrezja in opredelimo pro- bleme, ki jih predstavlja nacrtovanje in izdelava teh omrezij. Nato podrobneje predstavimo element Zolertia Z1, strojno opremo, ki jo kasneje uporabimo v prakticnem delu. Sledi opis operacijskih sistemov in programiranja za brezzicna senzorska omrezja, kjer izpostavimo dva najpogosteje uporabljena operacijska sistema za brezzicna senzorska omrezja TinyOS in Contiki. Oba operacijska sistema preizkusimo in na kratko primerjamo. V prakticnem delu diplomskega dela izdelamo prototip brezzicnega senzorskega omrezja. Z omrezjem zajemamo temperaturo in podatke iz omrezja prikazemo s pomocjo aplikacije na pametnem telefonu. The following thesis aims to present wireless sensor networks and to pro- pose a design as well as construct a practical example of one such network. The thesis addresses the matter in two parts with the theoretical part being followed by the practical part. The theoretical part describes and denes wireless network sensors, along with problems occuring while designing and building these networks. Firstly, the Zolertia Z1 module and platform, used in the practical part, are presented in theory, followed by a description of op- erating systems and programming of wireless sensor networks with emphasis on two of the most commonly used operating systems TinyOS and Contiki, both of which are tested and brie y compared. In the practical part of the thesis a prototype of a wireless sensor network is set up. The prototype network gathers temperature data, which is then displayed by means of a smartphone application.