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Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to summarize the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index), a novel surrogate indicator of insulin resistance, and the incidence of CVD in patients without CVD at baseline through meta-analysis. Method Cohort studies assessing multivariate-corrected hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between the TyG-BMI index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were obtained by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Results were combined using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity among the included studies. Robust error meta-regression was used to fit the nonlinear dose–response relationship. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 18.0. Result Ten cohort studies involving a total of 871,728 subjects were included. The results indicated that Compared with the lowest TyG-BMI index category, the highest TyG-BMI index was related to a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (HR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35–1.95; I2 = 94%),coronary artery disease (CAD) (HR = 1.69; 95% (CI): 1.23–2.31; I2 = 94%). stroke(HR = 1.57; 95% (CI): 1.11–2.23; I2 = 94%).In the dose–response analysis, there was a linear association of the TyG-BMI index with the risk of CVD (Pnonlinear = 0.223), CAD (Pnonlinear = 0.693), and stroke (Pnonlinear = 0.122)No significant effects were observed regarding participants’ gender, length of follow-up, sample size or mean age(P > 0.05). Conclusion Higher TyG-BMI may be independently associated with an increased risk of CVD in individuals without CVD at baseline. Numerous cohort studies are needed to further validate and elucidate the pathologic role between Tyg-BMI and CVD and to determine whether it can be incorporated into CVD risk prediction tools to enhance predictive accuracy.

Abstract Objective The effect of sodium intake on atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL), with respect to sex and age, has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to compare long-term trends in AF/AFL death and disability due to high sodium intake in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study to assess the mortality and disability burden of AF/AFL attributable to high sodium intake (> 5 g/d) in China from 1990 to 2019. Overtime trends and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were analyzed with adjustments for age, sex, period, and cohorts. Results In 2019, the number of AF/AFL deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributable to high sodium intake were 4209.944 (95% UI: [1250.690-8718.238]) and 235484.586 (95% UI: [89136.783-428566.694]), with males comprising 44.81% and 51.95% of cases, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized disability rates (ASDRs) of AF/AFL attributable to high sodium intake exhibited downward trends from 1990 to 2019 in China. The AAPC was − 0.221(95% CI: -0.321–0.121)and − 0.631(95% CI: -0.816–0.446) for AF/AFL, respectively. An upward trend was observed in ASMRs for AF and AFL, attributable to high sodium intake due to high salt intake at ages 30–34, 35–39, and 40–44. With an increase in age, the AAPC for ASMRs increased correspondingly, and the AAPC for ASDRs exhibited a decreasing trend. Conclusions Our findings provide strong evidence that high sodium levels in China significantly affect standard ASMRs and ASDRs for AF and AFL. Notably, different patterns of change are identified across various age groups, emphasizing the pronounced effect of salt reduction on AF and AFL.

Abstract Ferroptosis plays a role in tumorigenesis by affecting lipid peroxidation and metabolic pathways; however, its prognostic or therapeutic relevance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a prognostic ferroptosis-related gene (FRG)-based risk model using cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), proposing plausible therapeutics. Differentially expressed FRGs between tumors from TCGA-PAAD and normal pancreatic tissues from Genotype-Tissue Expression were analyzed to construct a prognostic risk model using univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO analyses. A model incorporating AURKA, CAV1, and PML gene expression effectively distinguished survival differences between high- and low-risk groups among TCGA-PAAD patients, with validation in two ICGC cohorts. The high-risk group was enriched in gene sets involving mTOR, MAPK, and E2F signaling. The immune and stromal cells infiltration score did not differ between the groups. Analysis of PRISM datasets using our risk model to classify pancreatic cell lines suggested the dasatinib’s efficacy in the high-risk group, which was experimentally confirmed in four cell lines with a high- or low-risk signature. In conclusion, this study proposed a robust FRG-based prognostic model that may help stratify PAAD patients with poor prognoses and select potential therapeutic avenues.

Abstract In arid and semi-arid climates, native plants have developed unique strategies to survive challenging conditions. These adaptations often rely on molecular pathways that shape plant architecture to enhance their resilience. Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) and mangroves (Avicennia marina) endure extreme heat and high salinity, yet the metabolic pathways underlying this resilience remain underexplored. Here, we integrate tissue imaging with spatial metabolomics to uncover shared and distinct adaptive features in these species. We found that mangrove roots accumulate suberin and lignin in meristematic tissues, this is unlike other plant species, where only the differentiation zones contain these compounds. Our metabolomic analysis shows that date palm roots are enriched in metabolites involved in amino acid biosynthesis, whereas compounds involved in lignin and suberin production were more abundant in mangrove roots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) revealed tissue- and species-specific metabolite distributions in root tissues. We identified common osmoprotectants accumulating in the exodermis/epidermis of date palm and mangrove root meristems, along with a unique metabolite highly abundant in the inner cortex of date palm roots. These findings provide valuable insights into stress adaptation pathways and highlight key tissue types involved in root stress response.

Abstract Ice wine is produced from concentrated grape juice obtained by the natural freezing and pressing of grapes. The high sugar content of this juice has an impact on fermentation. To investigate the impact of the initial sugar concentration on the fermentation of ice wine, the initial sugar concentration of Vidal ice grape juice was adjusted to 370, 450, 500 and 550 g/L by the addition of glucose. The fermentation process was conducted at a temperature of 18 °C with Zymaflore ST yeast. To ensure optimal fermentation, the yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the grape juice was adjusted to 350 mg/L using a commercial nitrogen source. The initial sugar concentrations (370, 450, 500, and 550 g/L) were significantly negatively correlated with the number of viable yeast during active fermentation, the total consumption of sugar and YAN, and ethanol production (130.26, 117.83, 106.14, and 90.85 g/L) but positively correlated with the production of acetic acid (0.82–2.86 g/L) and acetaldehyde. Fermentation with initial sugar concentrations ≥ 500 g/L (500 and 550 g/L) produced ethanol (106.14 and 90.85 g/L) and excessive acetic acid (2.14 and 2.86 g/L), inhibited the esterification of n-butanol and n-hexanol, and promoted the production of isopentanol, isoamyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate while increasing the production of 2-phenylethanol and isobutanol. The initial sugar concentration affected the production of glycerol, isobutanol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl succinate, but it did not affect the final contents of the ice wine. This study examined fermentation dynamics, including substrate consumption, yeast cell production, and the production of important metabolites such as ethanol, acetic acid, higher alcohols, and esters. Appropriate initial concentrations of YAN and sugar (below 500 g/L) and a relatively high ratio of glucose to fructose (between 1:1 and 1.7:1) is preferable for effective ice wine fermentation.

Abstract This study evaluated the ability of the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio to identify individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) population. We retrospectively studied 4,769 patients with NAFLD from the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University (2020–2023). Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and lipid parameters with T2DM. TG/HDL-C ratio was positively associated with T2DM in patients with NAFLD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (95% confidence interval, 2.23–3.31, p

Abstract The rapid development of drone technology has made drones one of the essential tools for acquiring aerial information. The detection and localization of text information through drones greatly enhance their understanding of the environment, enabling tasks of significant importance such as community commercial planning and autonomous navigation in intelligent environments. However, the unique perspective and complex environment during drone photography lead to various challenges in text detection, including diverse text shapes, large-scale variations, and background interference, making traditional methods inadequate. To address this issue, we propose a drone-based text detection method based on boundary adaptation. We first conduct an in-depth analysis of text characteristics from a drone’s perspective. Using ResNet50 as the backbone network, we introduce the proposed Hybrid Text Attention Mechanism into the backbone network to enhance the perception of text regions in the feature extraction module. Additionally, we propose a Spatial Feature Fusion Module to adaptively fuse text features of different scales, thereby enhancing the model’s adaptability. Furthermore, we introduce a text detail transformer by incorporating a local feature extractor into the transformer of the text detail boundary iteration optimization module. This enables the precise optimization and localization of text boundaries by reducing the interference of complex backgrounds, eliminating the need for complex post-processing. Extensive experiments on challenging text detection datasets and drone-based text detection datasets validate the high robustness and state-of-the-art performance of our proposed method, laying a solid foundation for practical applications.

Abstract Direct oxidation of KA oil (the mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) toward ε-caprolactone is in high demand yet hard to implement in need of juggling the activation of both methyne C-H bond of cyclohexanol and α-C-C bond of cyclohexanone. Here we demonstrate that in situ formed Cu1+δ-Oδ-• active site, which originates from relay reaction at Ni(II) and Cu(I) pairs in a metal-organic framework (known as NiCu-MOF-74) with O2 and benzaldehyde (PhCHO), efficiently oxidizes KA oil toward ɛ-caprolactone along with good stability. Mechanism investigation discloses that the auxiliary Ni(II) site first adsorbs O2 for abstracting formyl hydrogen in PhCHO followed by transfer of PhCO· to react with another O2 over the major Cu(I) site, leading to formation of Cu1+δ-Oδ-• and PhCOOH. This major-auxiliary cooperative strategy will be particularly suitable for multivariate MOFs as next generation catalysts towards complex reactions.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive liver cancer with limited therapeutic options. Precise classification and immunotherapy are perspectives to improve the treatments. We reported the role of septin 9 in apico‐basal polarity and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we aim to elucidate its role in iCCA. We analyzed single‐cell transcriptomes from human iCCA tumor cells based on phenotype and cell state. Knockdown of the septin 9 gene (SEPT9) was done using small interfering RNA (siRNA); interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) stimulation was performed using different CCA cells; gene expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription and real‐time PCR analysis (RT‐qPCR); and immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry were performed to assess the expression of proteins. The differential distributions of SEPT9 and vimentin (VIM) gene expressions allowed us to define specific cellular trajectories of malignant cells and thus identified distinct clusters of iCCA cells. One cluster was enriched in VIM and extracellular‐matrix (ECM) remodeling molecules, and another had high expression of SEPT9 and genes from the ‘don't eat me’ signal involved in immune escape. This antagonism between SEPT9 and VIM was confirmed by in vitro experiments. Notably, SEPT9 and ‘don't eat me’ gene expressions were inversely correlated to those of vimentin and the EMT markers. SEPT9 expression was upregulated by IFN‐γ and SEPT9 knockdown decreased expression of ‘don't eat me’ signal genes and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) transcriptome database analyses confirmed that iCCA cells enriched in septin 9 exhibit epithelial‐like features. This study revealed septin 9 as a cytoskeleton element of iCCA epithelial‐like cells and a regulator of the immune system response. It also brings new insights into the enigmatic relationship between EMT and immune response. Notably, we decoded a potential mechanism that could sensitize patients to immunotherapies.