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103. Brown Carbon Aerosol in Urban Xi’an, Northwest China: The Composition and Light Absorption Properties

Author

Huang, Ru-Jin, primary, Yang, Lu, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Chen, Yang, additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Li, Yongjie, additional, Duan, Jing, additional, Zhu, Chongshu, additional, Dai, Wenting, additional, Wang, Kai, additional, Lin, Chunshui, additional, Ni, Haiyan, additional, Corbin, Joel C., additional, Wu, Yunfei, additional, Zhang, Renjian, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Hoffmann, Thorsten, additional, O’Dowd, Colin, additional, and Dusek, Uli, additional

Published
2018
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111. Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

Author

Bei, Naifang, primary, Wu, Jiarui, additional, Elser, Miriam, additional, Feng, Tian, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Li, Xia, additional, Huang, Rujin, additional, Li, Zhengqiang, additional, Long, Xin, additional, Xing, Li, additional, Zhao, Shuyu, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Prévôt, André S. H., additional, and Li, Guohui, additional

Published
2017
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114. A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Molina, Luisa Tan, Li, Guohui, Bei, Naifang, Cao, Junji, Huang, Rujin, Wu, Jiarui, Feng, Tian, Wang, Yichen, Liu, Suixin, Zhang, Qiang, Tie, Xuexi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Molina, Luisa Tan, Li, Guohui, Bei, Naifang, Cao, Junji, Huang, Rujin, Wu, Jiarui, Feng, Tian, Wang, Yichen, Liu, Suixin, Zhang, Qiang, and Tie, Xuexi

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused frequent occurrence of haze in China during wintertime in recent years. The sulfate aerosol is one of the most important components of fine particles (PM[subscript 2. 5]) in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to the haze formation. However, the heterogeneous formation mechanism of sulfate remains poorly characterized. The relationships of the observed sulfate with PM[subscript 2. 5], iron, and relative humidity in Xi'an, China have been employed to evaluate the mechanism and to develop a parameterization of the sulfate heterogeneous formation involving aerosol water for incorporation into atmospheric chemical transport models. Model simulations with the proposed parameterization can successfully reproduce the observed sulfate rapid growth and diurnal variations in Xi'an and Beijing, China. Reasonable representation of sulfate heterogeneous formation in chemical transport models considerably improves the PM2. 5 simulations, providing the underlying basis for better understanding the haze formation and supporting the design and implementation of emission control strategies.

Published
2017

115. Physicochemical characteristics of black carbon aerosol and its radiative impact in a polluted urban area of China

Author

Wang, Qiyuan, Huang, Ru-Jin, Zhao, Zhuzi, Cao, Junji, Ni, Haiyan, Tie, Xuexi, Zhao, Shuyu, Su, Xiaoli, Han, Yongming, Shen, Zhenxing, Wang, Yichen, Zhang, Ningning, Zhou, Yaqing, and Corbin, Joel C.

Subjects
radiative forcing, size distribution, mixing state, black carbon
Abstract

Black carbon (BC) aerosol plays an important role in the Earth's radiative balance. An intensive measurement campaign was conducted at Xi'an, China, from December 2012 to January 2013 to investigate the sources and physicochemical characteristics of refractory BC (rBC) and its direct radiative forcing at the surface. The overall average rBC concentration for the campaign was 8.0 ± 7.1 µg m−3. Source apportionment based on positive matrix factorization showed that traffic was the dominant rBC source (46.0%), followed by coal burning (33.9%) and biomass burning (20.1%). The rBC mass size distributions were monomodal and lognormal with larger mass median diameters for coal burning source (215 nm) compared with the traffic source (189 nm). Coal burning rBC was more strongly associated with sulfate than traffic rBC, suggesting a higher cloud condensation nuclei activity. The slope of a robust linear regression between rBC and carbon monoxide (CO) for all samples was 5.9 µg m−3 ppm−1, and the slope for the coal burning source (4.5 µg m−3 ppm−1) was larger than that for the traffic source (2.7 µg m−3 ppm−1). The net rBC emission during winter of 2009 was estimated to be 4.5 Gg based on the relationship between rBC and CO. A Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model showed that the average daytime value for the clear-sky direct radiative forcing due to rBC from 23 December 2012 to 31 January 2013 was −47.7 ± 28.9 W m−2, which amounted to an average of 45.7% of the total surface atmospheric aerosol forcing.

Published
2016

116. Severe Pollution in China Amplified by Atmospheric Moisture

Author

Tie, Xuexi, primary, Huang, Ru-Jin, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Cheng, Yafang, additional, Su, Hang, additional, Chang, Di, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Hoffmann, Thorsten, additional, Dusek, Uli, additional, Li, Guohui, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, and O’Dowd, Colin D., additional

Published
2017
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121. Concentration and sources of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) at an urban site in Western China

Author

Huang, Ru-Jin, primary, Yang, Lu, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Wang, Qiyuan, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Ho, Kin-Fai, additional, Shen, Zhenxing, additional, Zhang, Renjian, additional, Li, Guohui, additional, Zhu, Chongshu, additional, Zhang, Ningning, additional, Dai, Wenting, additional, Zhou, Jiamao, additional, Liu, Suixin, additional, Chen, Yang, additional, Chen, Jun, additional, and O'Dowd, Colin D., additional

Published
2017
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123. Effects of photochemical oxidation on the mixing state and light absorption of black carbon in the urban atmosphere of China

Author

Wang, Qiyuan, primary, Huang, Rujin, additional, Zhao, Zhuzi, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Ni, Haiyan, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Zhu, Chongshu, additional, Shen, Zhenxing, additional, Wang, Meng, additional, Dai, Wenting, additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Zhang, Ningning, additional, and Prévôt, André S H, additional

Published
2017
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131. Effect of ship emissions on O3 in the Yangtze River Delta region of China: Analysis of WRF-Chem modeling.

Author

Wang, Ruonan, Tie, Xuexi, Li, Guohui, Zhao, Shuyu, Long, Xin, Johansson, Lasse, and An, Zhisheng

Abstract

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region locates on the eastern coast of China, and it has suffered severe O 3 pollutions due to high and mixed emissions of air pollutants. There are 3 different emission sectors for O 3 precursors in the region, including anthropogenic VOC S and NO X emissions, ship emissions (mainly NO X), and biogenic emissions from a large forest (biogenic VOC S). This unique emission mixture produces complicated chemical processes in studying the O 3 pollutions in the region. This study aims to identify the contribution of the ship emissions to O 3 pollutions, as well as the effect of mixing emissions on O 3 pollutions in YRD. To identify the individual emission effect, the WRF-Chem model is used in this study. The model generally performs well in simulating meteorological parameters and air pollutants against observations in YRD. Sensitive study suggests that the ship emissions have important effects on the O 3 concentrations over ocean and inland, with a maximum increase of 30–50 μg m−3 occurred mainly in the ship track regions. However, the ship emissions have a very complicated effect on the in-land O 3 concentrations. In the north of Shanghai, the NO X concentrations are high due to high anthropogenic emissions, and a further increase in NO X emissions from ship results in depressing O 3 chemical production. In contrast, in the south of Shanghai, there are high biogenic VOC emissions (mainly isoprene) and low NOx concentrations. As a result, the O 3 concentrations are enhanced by 30–50 μg m−3, due to the mixing between ship and forest emissions. This study suggests that ship emissions play important roles in controlling O 3 pollutions in YRD. Furthermore, the mixing emissions between ship, anthropogenic, and biogenic emissions in YRD produce a complicated O 3 chemical production and need to be carefully considered in controlling strategy of O 3 pollution in the region. Unlabelled Image • The effect of ship emission in YRD on O 3 formation • Complex mixing emissions among the ship, anthropogenic, and biogenic emissions in YRD • The mixing between ship and anthropogenic emissions could depress O 3 in northern YRD. • The mixing between ship and biogenic emissions could enhance O 3 in southern YRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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133. Size distribution and mixing state of refractory black carbon aerosol from a coastal city in South China

Author

Wang, Qiyuan, primary, Huang, Ru-Jin, additional, Zhao, Zhuzi, additional, Zhang, Ningning, additional, Wang, Yichen, additional, Ni, Haiyan, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Zhuang, Mazhan, additional, Wang, Meng, additional, Zhang, Jieru, additional, Zhang, Xuemin, additional, Dusek, Uli, additional, and Cao, Junji, additional

Published
2016
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134. Physicochemical characteristics of black carbon aerosol and its radiative impact in a polluted urban area of China

Author

Wang, Qiyuan, primary, Huang, Ru-Jin, additional, Zhao, Zhuzi, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Ni, Haiyan, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Zhao, Shuyu, additional, Su, Xiaoli, additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Shen, Zhenxing, additional, Wang, Yichen, additional, Zhang, Ningning, additional, Zhou, Yaqing, additional, and Corbin, Joel C., additional

Published
2016
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146. Summertime ozone formation in Xi'an and surrounding areas, China

Author

Feng, Tian, primary, Bei, Naifang, additional, Huang, Ru-Jin, additional, Cao, Junji, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Zhou, Weijian, additional, Tie, Xuexi, additional, Liu, Suixin, additional, Zhang, Ting, additional, Su, Xiaoli, additional, Lei, Wenfang, additional, Molina, Luisa T., additional, and Li, Guohui, additional

Published
2016
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149. Chemical characterization of PM2.5 from a southern coastal city of China: applications of modeling and chemical tracers in demonstration of regional transport.

Author

Zhou, Jiamao, Ho, Steven Sai Hang, Cao, Junji, Zhao, Zhuzi, Zhao, Shuyu, Zhu, Chongshu, Wang, Qiyuan, Liu, Suixin, Zhang, Ting, Zhao, Youzhi, Wang, Ping, and Tie, Xuexi

Subjects
NEUTRALIZATION (Chemistry), HUMIDITY, ANALYTICAL chemistry, AIR pollutants, METEOROLOGICAL research
Abstract

An intensive sampling campaign of airborne fine particles (PM2.5) was conducted at Sanya, a coastal city in Southern China, from January to February 2012. Chemical analyses and mass reconstruction were used identify potential pollution sources and investigate atmospheric reaction mechanisms. A thermodynamic model indicated that low ammonia and high relative humidity caused the aerosols be acidic and that drove heterogeneous reactions which led to the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol. Relationships among neutralization ratios, free acidity, and air-mass trajectories suggest that the atmosphere at Sanya was impacted by both local and regional emissions. Three major transport pathways were identified, and flow from the northeast (from South China) typically brought the most polluted air to Sanya. A case study confirmed strong impact from South China (e.g., Pearl River Delta region) (contributed 76.8% to EC, and then this result can be extended to primary pollutants) when the northeast winds were dominant. The Weather Research Forecasting Black carbon model and trace organic markers were used to apportion local pollution versus regional contributions. Results of the study offer new insights into the atmospheric conditions and air pollution at this coastal city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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