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O café está entre as principais culturas agrícolas do Paraná. Porém, após a retração desta cultura, decorrente, sobretudo, das dificuldades de recuperação das lavouras após a geada negra de 1975 e da expansão de outros cultivos no território, como a soja, o milho e o trigo, houve uma expressiva mudança na dinâmica espacial e na estrutura da produção agropecuária paranaense. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a dinâmica espacial ocorrida na cafeicultura do Paraná. Os dados são oriundos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura, do Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços e do Banco Central do Brasil. Foi realizada a análise de concentração para área colhida, quantidade produzida e do valor bruto de produção, para mensurar a convergência do mercado de cada mesorregião. Em seguida, foi realizada a análise de quociente locacional, para identificar as microrregiões especializadas na produção de café. Por fim foram efetivadas as análises de componentes principais e de agrupamentos, para caracterizar a estrutura e a dinâmica dos sistemas de produção de café nas microrregiões paranaenses especializadas na cafeicultura. A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que entre 1997 e 2016, ocorreu uma contração da lavoura de café, com uma queda de 66,5% na área colhida e 71,5% na produção. Além disso, houve uma redução no número de microrregiões especializadas na cafeicultura, passando de 13 em 1997, para 9 em 2016. Foram identificados dois componentes principais que, juntos, explicaram 88,06% da variabilidade dos dados, sendo nominados por produção técnica e produção destinada a indústria de torrefação e moagem de café. Com base na análise de agrupamentos foram definidos quatro grupos, que se distinguiram em relação à especialização na produção do café, do número de fábrica de torrefação e moagem de café, da quantidade e tipo de crédito rural concedido aos produtores (familiar ou patronal) e do número de trabalhadores na lavoura. Dentre as transformações no processo produtivo do café, observou-se o deslocamento espacial ao longo do tempo, que resultou em mudanças significativas nas regiões especializadas na cafeicultura paranaense.

Teaching practice in teacher training courses is not based on the teaching knowledge of future education professionals. Thus, in the Geography Degree course, the Supervised Curricular Internship is a mandatory component. However, due to various difficulties, it is not always able to achieve its proposed objectives. The Pedagogical Residency Program arose from the need to eliminate the following difficulties, in this training process as a distance between theory and practice during the performance of exercises. This study was studied in a reflection on the internship and the teaching practice as well as of teacherstraining, sought to analyze how experiences and practices, with regard to the program in the Geography licensing course at UEMS, Jardim Unit, MS, in the years 2018 and 2019. Adopting participant observation as a procedure from three program members, as suggested considerations about the need for such programs to be maintained and improved in the follow-up of teacher training courses.

RESUMO A poesia de Augusto de Campos afirmou-se concreta ao abandonar a convenção aceitas pelas gerações modernistas imediatamente anteriores. Avançou em prol de uma nova pluralidade de sentidos atingidos pela exploração intensiva do potencial expressivo da palavra e da sua materialidade. É um poeta de invenção, que recuperou a funcionalidade da página, controlando o tempo e o silêncio, que manipulam as sensações através do espaço em branco, e deslocou-se para as galerias e ruas. Neste artigo é analisada a poesia de Augusto de Campos considerando como o texto, na sua forma visual e tipográfica, activa as camadas de significação verbivocovisual e, subsidiariamente, as referências culturais e simbólicas associadas às formas da letra e aos media.

The recent pandemic and consequent lockdown had a substantial impact on mental health and optimism regarding the future. Previous research showed that levels of depression, anxiety, and stress had increased throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, how individuals cope when faced with adversity may be associated with positive expectations regarding the future. A sample of 274 Portuguese workers (female = 54) with a mean age of 40.86 (SD = 0.70) and work experience of 19.68 years (SD = 12.07) met inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the proposed study. They represented a variety of working classes (i.e., arts, engineering, marketers, transportation and logistic, clerks, personal trainers, managers, lawyers, accountants, directors, journalism, health care). We investigated the associations between depression, stress, anxiety, adaptive and maladaptive coping, and optimism while controlling for working experience, gender, and work type. We found that depression was related to lower levels of optimism. However, for participants scoring high on adaptive coping and anxiety, higher scores of optimism were reported. Gender, work type, and experience did not significantly influence the results. These results provide evidence through which positive mental health can be promoted after the pandemic.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la ingesta, digestibilidad aparente, balance hídrico, balance de nitrógeno y rendimiento productivo en corderos alimentados con ensilaje de nopal asociado con forrajes tropicales. En el experimento se utilizaron 40 corderos machos cruzados intactos, con un peso corporal inicial de 18.85 ± 1.2 kg. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con 5 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en dietas con diferentes proporciones de pasto buffel y salvado de trigo como fuentes de fibra detergente neutro (FDN), en ensilaje de alimento total (EAT) a base de nopal: EAT1 - 279 g/kg de pasto buffel; EAT2 - 240 g/kg de pasto buffel y 17 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT3 - 198 g/kg de pasto buffel y 34 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT4 - 108 g/kg de pasto buffel y 74 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT5 – 118 g/kg de salvado de trigo. La ingesta más baja de FDN se encontró en corderos que consumieron EAT5 (402 g/día). La digestibilidad aparente de los carbohidratos no fibrosos fue mayor para EAT5, mientras que la digestibilidad aparente de FDN de EAT5 y EAT4 fue mayor que la de EAT1. Las dietas promovieron una ganancia diaria de peso promedio de 180.8 g/día. En condiciones experimentales, el uso de nopal forrajero y concentrado en forma de raciones mixtas totales de ensilaje conduce a una mayor ingesta de proteína cruda, carbohidratos no fibrosos, extracto etéreo y mayor digestibilidad de carbohidratos no fibrosos y fibra detergente neutro, sin embargo, todas las dietas fueron viables en la alimentación de ovinos confinados, proporcionando ganancias de hasta 198 g/d según la formulación de la dieta.

Purpose: To report a successful ab-interno trabeculotomy with Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) in secondary traumatic angle recession glaucoma in a child and discuss the possible mechanisms of action. Observations: A 7 years-old boy presented, after a blunt trauma in the left eye, with angular recess surroundings 110° and concomitant intra-ocular pressure (IOP) elevation around 35 mmHg, despite the maximum topical and systemic ocular hypotensive therapy. As there was no glaucomatous neuropathy yet, a KDB ab-interno trabeculotomy was performed. After KDB's surgery, oral and topical hypotensive medications were gradually withdrawn until complete suspension with IOP levels around 11 mmHg, which has remained the same in the last 2 years. Both functional and structural assessment of glaucoma have maintained stable throughout the follow-up until the present moment. Conclusion and Importance: The KDB has demonstrating a favorable safety profile and a useful surgical technique that should be considered mainly in trabecular glaucomas, as well as those secondary to trauma. Studies are still needed to define which patient and glaucoma profile are the most suitable for the procedure and for how long it is effective.

Abstract Currently, the relation between edit behavior, link structure, and article quality is not well-understood in our community, notwithstanding that this relationship may facilitate editing processes and content quality on Wikipedia. To shed light on this complex relation, we classify article edits and perform an in-depth analysis of editing sequences for 4941 articles. Additionally, we build a network of internal Wikipedia hyperlinks between articles. Using this data, we compute parsimonious metrics to quantify editing and linking behavior. Our analysis unveils that conflicted articles differ substantially from others in almost all metrics, while we also detect slight trends for high-quality articles. With our network analysis we find evidence indicating that controversial and edit war articles frequently span structural holes in the Wikipedia network. Finally, in a prediction experiment we demonstrate the usefulness of edit behavior patterns and network properties in predicting conflict and article quality. With our work, we assist online collaboration communities, especially Wikipedia, in long-term improvement of content quality by offering valuable insights about the interplay of article quality, controversies and edit wars, editing behavior, and network properties via sequence-based edit and network-based article metrics.

Objective: To evaluate the association between living near waste recycling sites and emotional or behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. Methodology: A cross‐sectional study with schoolchildren aged 6–13 years old from disadvantaged communities in a Brazilian city, divided between those who live less than 100 m away from the central point of the recycling site and those that live more than 150 m away from the site, as a control group and classified through georeferencing. The emotional and behavioral difficulties were investigated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire tool. Other variables were analyzed through logistic regression to determine their contribution to the outcomes. Results: Children living near waste recycling sites had a higher prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems than children living farther away. In the logistic regression model, no other covariates had a significant impact on the results, except for attending preschool. As expected, the families of the exposed group had lower income and lower levels of schooling, thus being characterized as a highly vulnerable population. Conclusion: The association between living near waste recycling sites and lower test performance raises concerns about the impact of inappropriate waste management in urban centers on children's health. Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre habitar próximo a sítios de reciclagem e dificuldades emocionais ou comportamentais em escolares. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com escolares de 6 a 13 anos de comunidades desfavorecidas em uma cidade do Brasil, divididas entre aquelas que tem sua residência situada a menos de 100 metros de distância do ponto central do sítio de reciclagem e aquelas que habitam a mais de 150 metros, como grupo controle e classificadas através de georeferenciamento. As dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais foram investigadas através do instrumento Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades. Outras variáveis foram analisadas através de regressão logística para determinar sua contribuição para os desfechos. Resultados: Crianças que vivem próximas a locais de reciclagem de resíduos tiveram maior prevalência de problemas emocionais e comportamentais do que as crianças que vivem mais afastadas. No modelo de regressão logística, nenhuma outra covariável apresentou impacto significativo sobre os resultados, à exceção de haver frequentado pré‐escola. Como esperado, as famílias do grupo exposto apresentaram menor renda e menores níveis de escolaridade, caracterizando‐se como uma população altamente vulnerável. Conclusão: A associação entre a habitação próxima a locais de reciclagem e um menor desempenho nos testes levanta preocupações sobre o impacto do manejo inadequado de resíduos nos centros urbanos sobre a saúde das crianças.

Abstract Background Cultural and religious practices of African origin have decisively influenced traditional health practices in the Americas since the African diaspora. Plants are core elements in the religions of African origin. Compared with other parts of Brazil where the Afro-Brazilian presence is widely recognized, in Southern Brazil, these cultural practices are often socially invisible. Yet, there are several terreiros of three Afro-Brazilian religions: Candomblé, Umbanda, and Ritual deAlmas e Angola. We hypothesize that the importance of plants in Afro-Brazilian religions is linked not only to spiritual and magical issues but also to the medicinal properties of these plants. We seek to answer the following questions: (a) Which plants are used in the terreiros and what are their indications for use?; (b) Are there plants that stand out culturally in these religious groups?; and (c) What is the importance of the adaptive maintenance and replacement process in the use of plants in these religions, considering the Neotropical and African plants? Methods We performed a census of the existing terreiros on the Island of Santa Catarina to collect information on the knowledge and use of plants. In all terreiros that consented to participate in the research, we collected data through semi-structured interviews, guided tours for plant collection, and participant observation. We identified the botanical species through expert consultations and botanical literature. Results We interviewed 27 spiritual leaders, who cited 93 plants belonging to 86 botanical species. We identified 14 categories of use, with emphasis on liturgical ritual use (59%), general and unspecified diseases (32%), and digestive diseases (27%). In most liturgics uses, direct contact between plant and patient occurs, as in the case of bathing and the cleansing use of smoke. Sixteen plants were cited in all terreiros, configuring a set of species that can be considered as culturally important plants for these religious groups. Conclusions These groups have extensive knowledge about a highly consensual set of therapeutic plants that should be further investigated pharmacologically to understand the effect of their external use. Also, we emphasize the importance of recognizing and valuing this ancestral Afro-Brazilian knowledge and learning also from these people about their broader vision of health which also adds more spirituality in health care.

A cadeia produtiva do leite possui relevância para a economia brasileira, gerando empregos e renda. Além disso, a produção de leite, em razão da produção familiar, exerce importante função social. No entanto, a produção de leite é espacialmente heterogênea no país, sobretudo pelos diferentes padrões tecnológicos de produção. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a distribuição e a dinâmica espaço-temporal da produção de leite no Brasil. Para isso, foram utilizados, acerca da produção de leite no país nos anos de 2000 e 2016. Por meio do Quociente Locacional (QL), foram identificadas as microrregiões brasileiras especializadas na produção de leite. Foi realizada Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e do I de Moran, para medir a autocorrelação espacial entre as regiões. Por fim, foi empregada a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), para verificar as relações de agrupamento das variáveis, em função das regiões especializadas na produção de leite. Foi identificada queda no número de microrregiões especializadas na produção de leite entre 2000 e 2016, Assim, em 2016, cerca de 20% das microrregiões e pouco mais de 22% dos municípios do Brasil eram especializados na produção de leite. As microrregiões e municípios especializados na produção de leite estão concentrados, principalmente, nos estados de Minas Gerais e Goiás e na região Sul do Brasil. Houve aumento da produtividade de leite em todas as regiões do país, principalmente naquelas onde há concentração na produção. Constatou-se a formação de clusters Alto-Alto nas regiões mais produtivas do país, ou seja, a Sul e a Sudeste, onde se observa os efeitos do transbordamento tecnológico, bem como a formação de clusters baixo-baixo nas regiões menos produtivas, a Norte e a Nordeste. Foram formados dois componentes principais. O primeiro componente agregou variáveis relacionadas com a produção de leite em volume, enquanto o segundo componente relacionou variáveis inerentes a produtividade. Foi possível verificar o crescimento recente da produção e da produtividade de leite no país, bem como evidenciar a heterogeneidade na produção. Verificou-se que embora tenha ocorrido queda no número de microrregiões e municípios especializados na produção de leite, houve concentração e aumento na produção e produtividade de leite no Brasil.

Among the Ctenocephalides felis felis-borne pathogens, Bartonella henselae, the main aetiological agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), is of increasing comparative biomedical importance. Despite the importance of B. henselae as an emergent pathogen, prevention of the diseases caused by this agent in cats, dogs and humans mostly relies on the use of ectoparasiticides. A vaccine targeting both flea fitness and pathogen competence is an attractive choice requiring the identification of flea proteins/metabolites with a dual effect. Even though recent developments in vector and pathogen -omics have advanced the understanding of the genetic factors and molecular pathways involved at the tick-pathogen interface, leading to discovery of candidate protective antigens, only a few studies have focused on the interaction between fleas and flea-borne pathogens. Taking into account the period of time needed for B. henselae replication in flea digestive tract, the present study investigated flea-differentially abundant proteins (FDAP) in unfed fleas, fleas fed on uninfected cats, and fleas fed on B. henselae-infected cats at 24 hours and 9 days after the beginning of blood feeding. Proteomics approaches were designed and implemented to interrogate differentially expressed proteins, so as to gain a better understanding of proteomic changes associated with the initial B. henselae transmission period (24 hour timepoint) and a subsequent time point 9 days after blood ingestion and flea infection. As a result, serine proteases, ribosomal proteins, proteasome subunit α-type, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1, vitellogenin C, allantoinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, glycinamide ribotide transformylase, secreted salivary acid phosphatase had high abundance in response of C. felis blood feeding and/or infection by B. henselae. In contrast, high abundance of serpin-1, arginine kinase, ribosomal proteins, peritrophin-like protein, and FS-H/FSI antigen family member 3 was strongly associated with unfed cat fleas. Findings from this study provide insights into proteomic response of cat fleas to B. henselae infected and uninfected blood meal, as well as C. felis response to invading B. henselae over an infection time course, thus helping understand the complex interactions between cat fleas and B. henselae at protein levels.

Chloroplast metabolism is very sensitive to environmental fluctuations and is intimately related to plant leaf development. Characterization of the chloroplast proteome dynamics can contribute to a better understanding on plant adaptation to different climate scenarios and leaf development processes. Herein, we carried out a discovery-driven analysis of the Eucalyptus grandis chloroplast proteome during leaf maturation and throughout different seasons of the year. The chloroplast proteome from young leaves differed the most from all assessed samples. Most upregulated proteins identified in mature and young leaves were those related to catabolic-redox signaling and biogenesis processes, respectively. Seasonal dynamics revealed unique proteome features in the fall and spring periods. The most abundant chloroplast protein in humid (wet) seasons (spring and summer) was a small subunit of RuBisCO, while in the dry periods (fall and winter) the proteins that showed the most pronounced accumulation were associated with photo-oxidative damage, Calvin cycle, shikimate pathway, and detoxification. Our investigation of the chloroplast proteome dynamics during leaf development revealed significant alterations in relation to the maturation event. Our findings also suggest that transition seasons induced the most pronounced chloroplast proteome changes over the year. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding on the subcellular mechanisms that lead to plant leaf adaptation and ultimately gives more insights into Eucalyptus grandis phenology.

An innovative study of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was performed by mapping the effect based on direct measurements of the temperature change during magnetic field cycles with microscopic resolution (85 μ m) on a Co-doped Ni–Mn–Ga bulk sample using infrared thermography on the whole sample. The MCE maps were constructed for different sample temperatures ( T _sample ), cycling both on heating (from 272.8 K up to T _sample , with T _sample ⩽ 327.0 K) and on cooling (from 340.0 K down to T _sample , with T _sample ⩾ 266.8 K), cycling a 1.2 T magnetic field at each T _sample value. The MCE maps were calculated to evaluate the amplitude of the effect at the microscale for all T _sample values. This allows to analyze the contribution of each micrometric portion of the sample to the spatially heterogeneous behavior that was found. Significant differences of the MCE on heating and cooling are present associated to inhomogeneity dynamics, mostly near the structural transformation. The amplitude of the MCE and its inhomogeneity are both much more pronounced on the heating process. On the cooling process the effect behaves quite homogeneously since the structural transformation already occurred during the cooling to reach T _sample . The behavior of the MCE at selected map coordinates was scrutinized, revealing significant differences amongst sample locations. Moreover, the extreme amplitudes of MCE registered for diverse micro-regions occur at different temperatures, suggesting that the structural transformation occurs at varying temperatures and with different magnitudes. The study innovates by constructing MCE maps to evaluate minority behaviors in the MCE in contrast with the average behavior of the effect. This study displays the capability to discriminate the behavior of the transformation at the microscale.

In this article, we propose a deep learning-based algorithm for the classification of crop types from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series data which is based on the celebrated transformer architecture. Crucially, we enable our algorithm to do early classification, i.e., predict crop types at arbitrary time points early in the year with a single trained model (progressive intra-season classification). Such early season predictions are of practical relevance for instance for yield forecasts or the modeling of agricultural water balances, therefore being important for the public as well as the private sector. Furthermore, we improve the mechanism of combining different data sources for the prediction task, allowing for both optical and radar data as inputs (multi-modal data fusion) without the need for temporal interpolation. We can demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on an extensive data set from three federal states of Germany reaching an average F1 score of 0.92 using data of a complete growing season to predict the eight most important crop types and an F1 score above 0.8 when doing early classification at least one month before harvest time. In carefully chosen experiments, we can show that our model generalizes well in time and space.

In this paper some properties of the so-called exponentiated uniform distribution are derived and discussed, such as quantile function, moments, generating function, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, Shannon and Rényi entropies. The proposed model, defined in the range [a;b] can be used as an alternative to the truncated models. The maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameter is also conducted and a simulation study was performed to verify the consistency of model parameter. An application to a real data set illustrates its potentiality comparing the new distribution with other three well-known truncated distributions.We also present, at the end, an section discussing about computational codes, where the scripts used in R software are available.

Objetivo: analisar, conhecer sobre o acolhimento de Travestis e Transexuais na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, na qual realizou-se uma busca no período de março a junho de 2020 em base de dados confiáveis, em português, dentre os quais Scientifc Electronic Library Online Brasil (SciELO), Google Scholar e o site do Ministério da Saúde podem ser citados, dentre outros periódicos de referência na área. Resultados: após análise detalhada das publicações, verificou-se 16 publicações exploravam realmente o tema em questão, sendo utilizados para a construção da pesquisa. Considerações Finais: há um método principal para que o acolhimento seja qualificado e holístico, que é a capacitação do enfermeiro juntamente com a educação continuada para que ele ajude a mudar a realidade da vida do público Trans no âmbito de saúde.

O presente artigo examina as vicissitudes de um atendimento clínico realizado com uma criança durante a pandemia. Trata-se de uma análise conduzida de forma online nos primeiros meses de confinamento, que exigiu do psicanalista algumas invenções táticas que pudessem viabilizar o tratamento. O estabelecimento de um ensino sobre como desenhar olhos, bem como o trabalho com fotografias em movimento (stop motion), surgiram como alternativas para o menino dominar o olhar obsceno do Outro. Ao final, a discussão sobre o modo como se dá o trabalho online nos levou à constatação de que, nele, encontramos a ocorrência de uma espécie de sutura daquilo que em teoria cinematográfica é chamado de campo e contracampo.

O artigo propõe reflexão sobre o modo como a tragédia grega inscreveu em seus textos a presença daquilo que chamamos de “voz enlutada”. Trata-se da materialização, em uma emissão vocal genérica, da dor de uma perda fundamental que rege a vida do sujeito. Para nós, tal perda está associada àquela que a psicanálise descreve como primeira vivência de satisfação experimentada no laço com o Outro. Para sempre perdida, tal vivência é expressada na tragédia sob a forma da interjeição aîaî. Apresentando-se como um desdobramento do advérbio aeí (sempre) derivado de aion (força vital), o grito aîaî parece expressar a dor de um "para sempre" perdido que aos poucos se constitui como o próprio ato de perder. A tentativa de reencontro do objeto, a partir desta perda fundamental, será para sempre representado por Outra coisa.

Resumo: Questões relacionadas aos empreendimentos agrícolas vêm sendo discutidas em todo o mundo, o que ocorre pela importância deles no desenvolvimento econômico das nações, por estarem diretamente relacionados às transformações sociais dentro e fora do campo e por serem imprescindíveis para a produção e a oferta de alimentos, bem como para a segurança alimentar. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as tendências de variação no número de empreendimentos agrícolas no Brasil, por tipo de atividade principal e por estrato de área, para o período de 2004 a 2015. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios e calculadas as taxas médias de variação anual, por meio do teste t de Student, utilizando uma regressão dos mínimos quadrados ordinários na forma log-linear. Entre 2004 e 2015, foi constatada queda de 3,3% a.a. no número de empreendimentos agropecuários no Brasil, totalizando uma redução de 1.382.700 unidades produtivas. Também foi observado que as reduções mais intensas ocorreram nos empreendimentos agrícolas dedicados à produção de arroz (–13,4% a.a.), nos de lavouras temporárias (–12,5% a.a.) e naqueles com área de ≥ 50 a < 100 hectares (–4,5% a.a.). Tais constatações são relevantes e permitem o delineamento de ações voltadas à segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil.

In this work we explore the structure of a G-rich DNA aptamer termed AT11-L2 (TGGTGGTGGTTGTTGTTGGTGGTGGTGGT; derivative of AT11) by evaluating the formation and stability of G-quadruplex (G4) conformation under different experimental conditions such as KCl concentration, temperature, and upon binding with a variety of G4 ligands (360A, BRACO-19, PDS, PhenDC3, TMPyP4). We also determined whether nucleolin (NCL) can be a target of AT11-L2 G4. Firstly, we assessed by circular dichroism, UV and NMR spectroscopies the formation of G4 by AT11-L2. We observed that, for KCl concentrations of 65 mM or less, AT11-L2 adopts hybrid or multiple topologies. In contrast, a parallel topology predominates for buffer containing 100 mM of KCl. The Tm of AT11-L2 in 100 mM of KCl is 38.9 °C, proving the weak stability of this sequence. We also found that upon titration with two molar equivalents of 360A, BRACO-19 and PhenDC3, the G4 is strongly stabilized and its topology is maintained, while the addition of 3.5 molar equivalents of TMPyP4 promotes the disruption of G4. The KD values between AT11-L2 G4, ligands and NCL were obtained by fluorescence titrations and are in the range of µM for ligand complexes and nM when adding NCL. In silico studies suggest that four ligands bind to the AT11-L2 G4 structure by stacking interactions, while the RBD1,2 domains of NCL interact preferentially with the thymines of AT11-L2 G4. Finally, AT11-L2 G4 co-localized with NCL in NCL-positive tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line.

Purpose: To report an uncommon case of hyperopic shift and corneal haze, flattening and thinning following a single session of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), and provide longitudinal clinical data and serial analyses of corneal profile through Scheimpflug imaging. Furthermore, a careful literature review was undertaken to determine possible risk factors for this complication. Observations: A 47-year-old woman presented with blurred vision and mild corneal edema and haze three days following routine SLT. Ten days later, corneal edema resolved, but she was still symptomatic. Refraction exam revealed a significant hyperopic shift and high astigmatism (+4.00–6.00 x 80° versus −11.50 -0.75 x 170° at baseline). Scheimpflug imaging revealed a partial collapse of the corneal architecture, with an expressive central cornea flattening (>10 diopters) and thinning (>190μm). Over six months, refractometric and corneal parameters gradually (but not completely) returned to their pre-operative values. Conclusions and Importance: This tetrad of clinical findings - hyperopic shift, corneal haze, flattening and thinning - following SLT is referred herein by the authors as selective trabeculoplasty-induced keratopathy (STIK), which is a rare but serious complication. A critical analysis based on this case findings and on the few others reported so far suggests high-myopic patients to be more predisposed to this complication, as all reported cases had −5.0 diopters or more. Future studies are warranted to determine whether this complication can be prevented.

BackgroundA systematic review can be defined as a summary of the evidence found in the literature via a systematic search in the available scientific databases. One of the steps involved is article selection, which is typically a laborious task. Machine learning and artificial intelligence can be important tools in automating this step, thus aiding researchers. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to create models based on an artificial neural network system to automate the article selection process in systematic reviews related to “Mindfulness and Health Promotion.” MethodsThe study will be performed using Python programming software. The system will consist of six main steps: (1) data import, (2) exclusion of duplicates, (3) exclusion of non-articles, (4) article reading and model creation using artificial neural network, (5) comparison of the models, and (6) system sharing. We will choose the 10 most relevant systematic reviews published in the fields of “Mindfulness and Health Promotion” and “Orthopedics” (control group) to serve as a test of the effectiveness of the article selection. ResultsData collection will begin in July 2021, with completion scheduled for December 2021, and final publication available in March 2022. ConclusionsAn automated system with a modifiable sensitivity will be created to select scientific articles in systematic review that can be expanded to various fields. We will disseminate our results and models through the “Observatory of Evidence” in public health, an open and online platform that will assist researchers in systematic reviews. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/26448

Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered one of the main citrus diseases; it spreads quickly through orchards, reducing the production and quality of the fruit of affected plants, and causes significant economic losses. In this context, the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and economic impact of the losses generated by HLB in the micro-region of Paranavaí, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. We used data from the Paraná Agribusiness Defense Agency, which conducts surveys of host plants of the causal agent of HLB. The production sacrificed by HLB was estimated considering the following scenarios: (i) losses occurring from January 2011 to June 2013; and (ii) losses related to the potential production of the citrus plant over its useful life. Although the annual incidence of HLB in the Paranavaí region is currently below 2.5%, there was a 6-fold increase in the incidence of the disease, from 0.16% to 0.96%, in the period considered. Orchards that had lesser than 10,000 plants showed a higher incidence of the disease. The losses produced by HLB generated estimated economic impacts of US$11.8 million and US$39.2 million for the first and second scenarios, respectively. These results highlight the importance of the prevention and management of this disease.

ABSTRACT In 2019, the atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeded the 415 ppm milestone for the first time in the human history. According to projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), CO2 levels will continue to rise in the future, potentially affecting all living organisms. Plants with C3 metabolism may benefit from rising CO2 levels because the significant losses of photosynthesis, driven by photorespiration could be diminished under this scenario. This study addressed the anatomical changes in the stems of young Eucalyptus urophylla plants induced through cultivation in elevated CO2 (eCO2). Plants cultivated under eCO2 showed increased stem diameter (i.e., radial width of the secondary xylem, secondary phloem and cortex tissues). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Toluidine Blue staining suggested a decrease in the lignification content in the newly formed tissues of eCO2 stimulated plants. Levels of caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase form 1 (COMT1), a lignin biosynthesis specific proteoform, were significantly reduced in stem sections, supporting our findings: eCO2 induces plant growth, but reduces lignified tissues.

A challenge in cell therapy for photoreceptor degeneration is inducing the grafted cells to grow and maintain light sensitive outer segments. Here, the authors use optogenetics to circumvent this problem and restore visual function in blind mice.

Introduction: The demand for plastic surgery has progressively increased, and breast enlargement and reduction surgeries are among the most frequent procedures. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent reduction and augmentation mammoplasty between January 2015 and June 2018 at the PUC-Campinas Hospital. Results: Thirteen augmentation mammoplasties and 275 reduction mammoplasties were performed. Of the 288 patients who underwent surgeries, two patients developed postoperative pulmonary thromboembolism. Conclusion: The incidence of thromboembolic phenomena in augmentation and reduction mammoplasty is low. Patients in this study were considered at low risk for thromboembolic complications. According to prophylaxis protocols, this phenomena should be monitored postoperatively. Further studies are needed to standardize the use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis measures.

The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) practices are essential for soil and water conservation. In CA, farmers must adopt no-tillage (NT) with crop rotation to maintain a permanent soil cover. In Brazil, mainly in the South region, for CA to be more efficient, practices such as contour farming and agricultural terraces should also be adopted. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the extent to which NT has been adopted with crop rotation and others soil and water conservation practices. Data from the Agricultural Census in Paraná State, southern Brazil, were used. For the data analysis, the relationship between the level of adoption of NT and the use of crop rotation, contour farming and agricultural terraces was analyzed. A factor and cluster analysis were performed to distinguish regions in terms of soil and water conservation practices. The results show good overall soil and water conservation practices, although heterogeneity has been observed in the adoption practices between regions. Adoption of NT is high in almost all the studied regions. The conservation practice most widely used with NT is contour farming, whereas the least used is agricultural terraces. Conservation practices for runoff control are being neglected by farmers.

Issues related to farms have begun to be discussed in a global context due to their importance in the economic development process, as they have a direct impact on the social transformations within and away from the countryside and are an important part of the system ensuring the food supply and food security for the population. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the trends in the number of farms in the rural areas of Paraná, Brazil, by main type of activity and by land size category for the period from 2002 to 2014. Data from the National Household Sample Survey were used, and the mean annual variation rates were calculated via Student’s t-test using a log-linear ordinary least squares regression model. A reduction of 3.5% per annum (pa) was seen in the number of farms, both in relation to main activities and land size. There was a sharper decline in the number of farms dedicated to soybean (8.9% pa) and corn (6.3% pa) production and in the number of farms ranging in size from 10 ha to < 100 ha of land (7.09% pa). This information may support the establishment of public actions focused on the farming sector in Paraná.

This study sought to verify strategic human resources management’s influence on hotel performance by analysing data on managers of hotels located in Grande Florianópolis, Brazil. Bibliographical research was conducted to provide a theoretical framework to support the analysis, and a descriptive methodology approach based on the positivist paradigm was applied. The proposed model was subjected to exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The sample consisted of 70 hotel managers, and the data were collected with a closed-ended questionnaire. The results show that, of the 32 variables studied, 13 variables are connected to high performance in medium-sized hotels in Grande Florianópolis. In addition, the analyses confirmed the validity of the proposed model, in which strategic human resources management is directly related to hotel performance. The findings include that employee training and development, as well as workplace structuring, are strategic human resources management practices essential to achieving higher performance

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing monensin doses on intake, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (135 ± DIM; 580 ± kg of BW) were assigned to three 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 21-d periods. Cows were randomly assigned within each square to receive one of the following treatments: Control (C): 0 mg kg−1 DM of monensin; Monensin 12 (M12): 12 mg kg−1 DM of monensin; Monensin 24 (M24): 24 mg kg−1 DM of monensin and Monensin 48 (M48): 48 mg kg−1 DM of monensin. Monensin had quadratic effect on intake of dry matter. Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM were similar between treatments; however, digestibility of CP increased. Monensin had no effect on ruminal pH, NH3 concentration, but propionate increased by monensin. Blood urea nitrogen was increased linearly by monensin. There was a quadratic effect of monensin on N intake. Monensin had a quadratic effect on milk yield, whereas 3.5% FCM was decreased linearly. These results suggest that monensin improves performance of mid-lactating dairy cows fed corn silage-based diet, and monensin can be added up to 24 mg/kg of DM diets.

Neste texto apresentam-se resultados de atividade desenvolvida na disciplina Gestão Escolar e Inovação, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica do Colégio Técnico Industrial de Santa Maria. A partir do conteúdo das aulas foram estudadas as relações entre gestão escolar e inovação, com vistas à ideação de um produto ou serviço que possa auxiliar na melhoria do desempenho de escolas. Assim, foram apresentadas quatro propostas: Plataforma de apoio à formatação de textos acadêmicos da UFSM de acordo com o Manual de dissertações e teses; Mapas mentais: ferramenta de apoio a aprendizagem; Full-Time Trajectory: uma ferramenta auxiliar de gestão educacional para acompanhar a trajetória formativa de estudantes na contemporaneidade e Ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem baseada no conceito de gamificação. Pela ideação foram identificados e abordados problemas, estimulado o desenvolvimento de um pensamento criativo, assim como logrou-se tornar as aulas mais engajadoras e estimulantes para os estudantes no seu processo de ensino e aprendizado. Palavras-chave: escola; gestão escolar; inovação.

Tea is one of the three most popular nonalcoholic beverages globally and has extremely high economic and cultural value. Currently, the classification, taxonomy, and evolutionary history of the tea family are largely elusive, including phylogeny, divergence, speciation, and diversity. For understanding the evolutionary history and dynamics of species diversity in Theaceae, a robust phylogenetic framework based on 1785 low-copy and 79,103 multi-copy nuclear genes from 91 tea plant genomes and transcriptome datasets had been reconstructed. Our results maximumly supported that the tribes Stewartieae and Gordonieae are successive sister groups to the tribe Theeae from both coalescent and super matrix ML tree analyses. Moreover, in the most evolved tribe, Theeae, the monophyletic genera Pyrenaria, Apterosperma, and Polyspora are the successive sister groups of Camellia. We also yield a well-resolved relationship of Camellia, which contains the vast majority of Theaceae species richness. Molecular dating suggests that Theaceae originated in the late L-Cretaceous, with subsequent early radiation under the Early Eocene Climatic Optimal (EECO) for the three tribes. A diversification rate shift was detected in the common ancestors of Camellia with subsequent acceleration in speciation rate under the climate optimum in the early Miocene. These results provide a phylogenetic framework and new insights into factors that likely have contributed to the survival of Theaceae, especially a successful radiation event of genus Camellia members to subtropic/tropic regions. These novel findings will facilitate the efficient conservation and utilization of germplasm resources for breeding cultivated tea and oil-tea. Collectively, these results provide a foundation for further morphological and functional evolutionary analyses across Theaceae.

The Alto do Urubu Pegmatite is located in the municipality of Picuí, northern of Paraíba, in Borborema Pegmatitic Province (PPB), the area that has the greatest concentration of pegmatites in the Brazilian Northeast, corresponding to the eastern part of the Seridó Belt. PPB is known worldwide for the abundance of pegmatites, with some incidence of mineralized bodies. In the region we studied, 42 outcrops were described, in each of them the main textures and mineralogical aspects of rock were described. The geological mapping made it possible to observe the predominance of the rocks of the Seridó Formation. Schists and pegmatites intruded in the form of dikes and sills are very common in the place. The schists of the region present a dark, grayish coloration, fine to medium granulation, and are composed mainly of quartz, biotite, muscovite and granade porphiroblasts, in some cases, there are cordierite centimeter nodules. It is possible to observe in these rocks foliation Sn and Sn+1, as well as crenulations. The studied pegmatite has an elongated shape, it is about 106 meters long and 18 meters wide and N-S direction, in agreement with the foliation of the schist. It shows a well defined mineral zoning, namely: i) border zone (zone I); ii) zone III and iii) quartz core. Zone I corresponds to the outermost part of the body, measuring about 30 cm in width and consisting essentially of muscovite. Zone III is composed of quartz, feldspar and mica and it is where the majority of the minerals of economic interest (especially tantalite and beryl) are concentrated, in a smaller quantity there is the occurrence of arrojadita and espersatita. In the innermost part of the pegmatite, there is the quartz nucleus, composed of milky and rosacea quartz. The observed mineral zoning enables us to classify it as a heterogeneous pegmatite type.

A inserção profissional no mercado de trabalho é sempre uma honra para qualquer trabalhador, nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar em que condições de empregabilidade os imigrantes haitianos estão em relação à hotelaria de Florianópolis. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser exploratória, descritiva, quantitativa, do tipo pesquisa de campo. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário fechado com sete gestores de hotéis de Florianópolis, além disso, analisaram-se 60 currículos de imigrantes haitianos. Sendo que ao final, obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: os haitianos que estão nos hotéis deixam uma impressão diversificada para alguns gestores e, quase a totalidade é positiva, tanto para o desempenho, vontade de aprender coisas novas, vontade de se firmar no emprego, tirando assim, o turnover da hotelaria e suas habilidades linguísticas, as quais são de grande valia. Já, por outro lado, a pesquisa apontou que somente um gestor fez menção à falta de higiene pessoal desses imigrantes, bem como, em situações nas quais precisava ser chamada a atenção, não aceitavam de bom grado, fazendo com que todos do grupo, também, sentirem-se repreendidos, e isso fez com que dificultasse possíveis contratações. Mas, de forma geral, os resultados foram positivos, colocando essa força de trabalho em evidência no cenário do mercado hoteleiro.

Objective: The purpose of this report was to describe the clinical features of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) pulmonary toxicity in kidney recipients. Material and methods: We analyzed clinical, analytical, and image data of all kidney recipients who were immunosuppressed with everolimus or sirolimus, between 2013 and 2018. Results: From a pool of 379 recipients, 12 presented evidence of mTORi-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The median age at onset of pneumonitis was 62.8 years. The majority had chronic graft dysfunction, with a median serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL. All patients were under mTORi for at least 2 years. The most common symptoms were cough and fever. Chest computerized tomography documented ground-glass opacities and lower lobe involvement in all patients. Two required mechanical ventilation, one of which died (the only dead in this series). Conclusions: The size of this sample does not allow inferring about risk factors or prognosis predictors. However, most patients were male, with chronic graft dysfunction and exposure to mTORi for at least 2 years. MTORi-induced pneumonitis is rare but potentially fatal. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary conditions in these patients.

Introducción: Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas son frecuentes y tienen un fuerte impacto en la salud de los atletas jóvenes. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con lesiones musculoesqueléticas en atletas jóvenes. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con un componente analítico, que utilizó una muestra del tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia, que consta de 108 jóvenes deportistas de dos clubes deportivos en las áreas central y norte de Portugal. El instrumento de recolección de datos integró variables de caracterización: sociodemográficas, antropométricas y contextuales al deporte. También incluyó el Cuestionario musculoesquelético nórdico para evaluar las lesiones. Resultados: hubo una prevalencia del 43,5% de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas, localizadas en los hombros (34,3%), piernas / rodillas (34,3%), columna lumbar (23,1%), columna cervical (15.7%), tobillos / pies (12.0%) y codos (11.1%). Los factores asociados con la significación estadística (p

C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcriptional modulators that can regulate gene expression through the recruitment of a corepressor complex composed of chromatin-modifying enzymes and transcriptional factors. In the brain, CtBPs have been described as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Nevertheless, the role of CtBPs on postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) fate is not known yet. Herein, we evaluate the expression and functions of CtBPs in postnatal NSCs from the subventricular zone (SVZ). We found that CtBPs were expressed in immature/progenitor cells, neurons and glial cells in the SVZ niche. Using the CtBPs modulator 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB), our results showed that 1 mM of MTOB induced cell death, while 5, 25, and 50 μM increased the number of proliferating neuroblasts, mature neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, it also increased the dendritic complexity of immature neurons. Altogether, our results highlight CtBPs putative application for brain regenerative applications.

The regulation of water column tension in the xylem is essential to avoid embolism formation. Plants can actively reduce the hydraulic resistance in the xylem by moving water from the neighbourhood living cell, via aquaporins. They can also produce substances known as surfactants which stabilise nanobubbles avoiding embolism. Transcriptomic and proteomic data were used to test the presence of these two mechanisms in stems of Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus grown at two temperature treatments (10–12°C and 33–35°C), thus at different vapour-pressure deficit (VPD) conditions. In both temperatures, plants were kept well-watered. Ten aquaporin genes (6 PIPs and 4 TIPs) and seven surfactant related genes (two phospholipid/glycerol acyltransferase and five lipid-transfer protein – LTP) were identified. Six aquaporins and two surfactant-related proteins identified in the proteomic analysis matched the transcriptome data. Seven aquaporin genes were up-regulated under 30°C, and high VPD in E. globulus (PIP1;2, PIP2;7, PIP1;4, TIP2;1, TIP1;3, TIP1;3(2), and TIP2;1(2)) and three were down-regulated (PIP2;5, PIP2;2, and PIP2;6). We also stressed plants of both species and analysed aquaporin and surfactant-related gene expression along with water stress development. The results showed that they also respond to water stress. Although we could not isolate the effect of temperature in the proteome and transcriptome experiments, our results suggest that aquaporins and surfactants can be involved in the reduction of embolism in eucalyptus under high xylem tension, by allowing radial transport of water in the stem and stabilising nanobubbles, respectively.

Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) is a classical insect-specific virus, which has aroused interest after the first indication that it can produce in nature superinfection exclusion of viruses of medical interest such as West Nile. Despite the detection of CxFV in different regions, CxFV ecology and the influence of co-circulation of arboviruses remains poorly understood. Therefore, our primary goals are to observe the occurrence of CxFV infection in mosquitoes trapped in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterize the virus circulating, and provide isolates. A prospective study was carried out for eight months on the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, trapping adult mosquitoes. The CxFV minimum infection rates were determined in this period, and the virus isolation process is fully described. Samples from this study were grouped into genotype 2, along with CxFV sequences from Latin America and Africa.

Fungal diseases and the progressive development of resistance are a challenge. In this context, Lippia alba (lemon balm) is a species used in folk medicine, being described with antimicrobial potential. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity and modulating effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown leaves (LaEO). The antifungal activity of LaEO on eight Candida strains was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC), minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and time-kill. The checkerboard technique was used to determine the modulating effect of LaEO on antifungal activity. The results indicate the presence of 11 constituents, with a predominance of carvone (58.15%) and limonene (25.37%). LaEO was able to inhibit the growth of all tested microorganisms, with MIC and MLC ranging from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/mL and MBIC and MBEC ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. The time-kill assay showed that LaEO was able to eliminate the strains after two hours of exposure and the best association was observed for the combination of LaEO and ketoconazole. The results of the study indicate that LaEO has excellent antifungal activity with potential biotechnological application.

Crop rotation is one of the pillars of conservation agriculture. This practice has offered a series of advantages in terms of improving soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions. These advantages result in yield increases for all economic crops involved in the rotation systems and may also reduce production costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare the profitability of crop rotation systems with different levels of crop diversification. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included one less diversified crop rotation system (control) with soybean and wheat and four more diversified crop rotation systems (involving three or more species), including soybean, wheat, black oats, maize, canola, barley, blue lupine, white oats, beans, radish, triticale, rye, hairy vetch, and sorghum, under no-tillage conducted during a three-year cycle. Analyses were conducted considering productivity, operating cost, and economic profit. The highest accumulated gross yields were obtained in the more diversified crop rotation systems. The results show that the more diversified crop rotation systems were more profitable. When the opportunity cost was included, the most diversified crop rotations presented greater economic feasibility. The less diversified crop rotation system presented a negative economic profit. The crop rotation systems including beans presented the highest economic profit.

Para manter as vendas e conquistar uma maior parte do mercado, é imprescindível que as empresas procurem se atualizar frente à venda junto ao consumidor. O entendimento que o cliente, na maioria das vezes busca o melhor custo benefício frente a tantos fornecedores com a mesma gama de opções. O objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar os fatores que mais influenciam na decisão de compra de consumidores hoteleiros. A pesquisa se caracterizada como abordagem quantitativa e descritiva e a amostra foi de 503 pessoas. No que concerne a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário online, durante o mês de novembro de 2019. Para isso, esse estudo buscou analisar as variáveis que influenciam o comportamento de compra de consumidores e as estratégias de marketing usadas para atrair e reter clientes. Frente aos resultados colhidos a partir do questionário, é importante verificar algumas características que influem nessa decisão de compra: relevância dos comentários de terceiros para 66,9 % dos respondentes, a verificação de elementos indiretos do marketing como a influência das cores e o uso do número 9 como preço atrativo na venda.

Differences in hydroxyurea response in sickle cell anemia may arise due to a series of factors with genetic factors appearing to be predominant. This study aims to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and solute carriers on hydroxyurea response, in patients with sickle cell anemia. For that purpose, a total number of 90 patients with sickle cell anemia were recruited, 45 were undergoing hydroxyurea treatment, while 45 were not under the treatment. Association analyses were performed between CYP3A4 (rs2740574), CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and laboratory parameters. According to our findings, patients with hydroxyurea treatment demonstrated higher HbF levels and a significant improvement in hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, and lipid parameters in comparison to those without the treatment. We also found significant associations between the CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and an improvement of the therapeutic effects, specifically the hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, lipid, and renal parameters. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of the investigated variants, and their strong association with hydroxyurea efficacy in patients with sickle cell anemia, which may be considered in the future as genetic markers.

Ao término das independências, vários países latino-americanos, imersos em contendas internas e com uma correlação de forças frágeis, representantes dos segmentos dominantes solicitam (ou se veem obrigados) a solicitar, assessoria dos Estados Unidos para organizar a estrutura econômica central do Estado. Tal assessoria veio através da denominada Misión Kemmerer. A missão, chefiada pelo Dr. Edwin Walter Kemmerer, professor de Economia na Universidade de Princeton constitui-se em uma das mais exitosas missões de toda a América latina. Através de instrumentos técnicos, estabilizou a economia dos países, agradando a praticamente todos os segmentos sociais, auxiliou na inserção de líderes sindicalistas no governo e subordinou o país definitivamente aos Estados Unidos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar essa missão no Chile a partir da década de 1920 em face à crise do capitalismo que acirrava as contradições socioeconômicas e aos desdobramentos conjunturais que adentram a década de 1930, a partir de documentos que situam o sistema fiscal, monetário, bancário e a dívida contraída com os Estados Unidos.

A competitividade do setor hoteleiro vem crescendo diariamente. Com o surgimento das práticas de Revenue Management, a maioria dos hotéis vem implantando essa ciência e utilizando suas técnicas para otimizar e aumentar sua receita. Este artigo objetivou analisar como é feita a operação de Revenue Management em três hotéis executivos da região central de Florianópolis (SC); verificando as semelhanças e diferenças entre um hotel independente, um pertencente a uma rede hoteleira nacional e outro de uma rede internacional. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa aplicada e a lógica filosófica seguida foi o método dedutivo. Quanto aos objetivos, a pesquisa possuí o caráter exploratório e descritivo. A amostra foi definida de maneira não-probabilística por julgamento. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o assunto e uma entrevista semiestruturada de acordo com as teorias estudas. A análise dos dados foi feita de maneira qualitativa, por meio de análise de conteúdo. Pode-se destacar que as principais semelhanças encontradas entre os hotéis foram: formação acadêmica dos entrevistados, práticas para realizar a previsão da demanda, utilização de tarifas flutuantes, canais de distribuição e Online Travel Agencies (OTA’s) mais utilizadas. Já algumas diferenças expressivas foram: a quanto tempo os hotéis utilizam RM, quantidade de níveis nas grades tarifárias e o tempo de antecedência que é feita a estratégia das tarifas do próximo ano.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and qualify the microregions specialized in orange production and the spatial dynamics of citrus production in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For this purpose, data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Brazilian Central Bank were used. The location quotient (LQ) methodology was applied, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis were carried out, and information regarding the location of industries and agribusiness cooperatives that process orange juice in the state of Paraná was collected. The LQ results, subdivided into 5-year periods, denote changes in the spatial dynamics of orange production. Between 1998-2002 and 2013-2017, the specialized microregions increased from nine to 11; in addition, the consolidation of a citrus belt, which extended from the northwestern to the northeast area of Paraná, took place. Two main components explained 89.16% of the total data variability and four clusters were identified. The microregion of Paranavaí was the most specialized and the most important for the orange production chain in Paraná. The dynamics of orange production were spatially associated with the location of industries and agribusiness cooperatives in the sector, which were concentrated in the northwestern and mid-northern Paraná.

ABSTRACT: Even in areas of predominance of Caiuá sandstone, with soils of low natural fertility that are highly susceptible to erosion and degradation processes, farmers have adopted systems with little diversification, because they believe that they provide a greater economic return. However, agricultural practices such as crop rotation can bring agronomic benefits in terms of conservation agriculture, in addition to economic gains, circumventing edaphoclimatic difficulties in the region. In this context, the objective of this study is to verify whether no-till crop rotation systems are economically profitable, in a Caiuá sandstone area in the northwest region of the Brazilian state of Paraná. To this end, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Umuarama, state of Paraná, in the crop year 2014/15 to 2016/17. The experimental design used random blocks, with four treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four crop rotation systems, involving wheat, black oats, canola, safflower, rye, crambe, beans, maize, fodder radish, soybean, sorghum, lupin beans, buckwheat, and triticale cultivars. Crop yields, operating costs, income, and net farm income were assessed. From the results, it was reported that the highest income was obtained in the systems that adopted the largest number of winter and summer commercial crops. Only one treatment was profitable, that is, it had a positive net farm income. This scenario may be associated with the fragility of the region’s soil, which having low fertility, requires a high investment in fertilization and liming to ensure adequate production.

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Evidence demonstrates the bidirectional communication and regulation between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones play key roles in nervous system development and can exert influence on various immune cells contributing to pathophysiological conditions. Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is one of the most commonly used UV filters, and in vitro and in vivo studies have found thyroid disrupting effects. The present study assessed whether OMC administration in mice dams during the lactational period can cause thyroid disruption and generate immunologic alterations in the offspring. Indirect exposure to the OMC (1,000 mg/kg) in the lactational period affected neurodevelopment parameters, such as delayed eye-opening and weight gain in mice of both sexes, and these alterations are corroborated by the decrease in the T4 levels present in the pups' blood. No significant changes were observed in the thymus of these pups, but the number of lymphocytes increased in the spleen of the animals exposed to OMC, similar to the animals treated with propyl-thiouracil (PTU), a well-known thyroid disruptor. OMC modulated the percentage of leukocyte populations in peripheral blood, and the number of circulating polymorphonuclear cells increased two-fold. In vitro, OMC exhibited an inhibitory effect on splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 production induced by anti-CD3 antibody; however, this effect was reversed with the addition of T4 in the cell culture. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate the influence of OMC on thyroid dysregulation and its impact on the modulation of the immune system in mice pups.

O desenvolvimento da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (C,T&I), no contexto da sociedade em rede, exige a compreensão sobre a Comunicação Científica para além da sua dimensão técnica e como um relevante requisito para a cidadania. Diante disso, este artigo objetiva discutir as bases teórico-epistemológicas que sustentam o entendimento da Comunicação Científica como uma forma de promover a democratização e a ampla participação dos sujeitos nos processos de produção e difusão do conhecimento científico. Por meio de revisão conceitual e discussão teórica, propõe valorizar a dimensão política da Comunicação Científica de modo a condicionar a sua efetividade como decorrência de processos dialógicos que atuem, concomitantemente, para aprimorar a interação dos especialistas e destes com o “público leigo”. Os resultados de tal percurso são: as contribuições teóricas voltadas à discussão da Comunicação Científica, uma síntese dialética da disseminação e divulgação, à luz do conceito de arenas trans-epistêmicas; o destaque dos aportes conceituais de esfera pública em Hannah Arendt e Habermas, uma forma de reforçar os princípios que subsidiam a noção de Comunicação Pública da Ciência.