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Abstract Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare tumor, representing about 0.1% of skin malignant tumors. It is characterized by local aggressiveness with significant potential for recurrence. Although metastasis is rare, it does occur. We report a case of a Burkinabe woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Case presentation A 27-year-old Burkinabe woman consulted our institution for a recurrent scalp nodule that had been evolving for 13 years. At clinical examination, she was in good condition with a dry cough. An atrophic scarring alopecic plaque of 15-cm diameter in the right parietal region of the scalp, topped by an erythematous firm nodule measuring 3 × 2 × 2 cm, was noted, as well as a mobile nodule located in the axillary tail of the right breast. Cerebral computed tomodensitometry had not objectified the reach of the vault or the brain. A thoracic scan revealed four intrathoracic tissue masses straight to pleural touch. There were no evolutionary lesions in the abdominopelvic region. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy of the scalp nodule showed a proliferation of fibrous background, with fusiform cells carrying a storiform appearance. These cells had dark, elongated nuclei and showed some mitosis without atypia. The cells expressed CD34 intensely and diffusely. The test results were negative for PS100 and smooth muscle actin. The breast nodule showed the same profile as the scalp nodule. Conclusions We concluded on the diagnosis of scalp dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with breast metastasis and probable pleuropulmonary metastasis.

Introduction: Acne, is a common disease. Its prevalence is 80% among adolescents in the world and 57,1% in Ouagadougou in 2001 among school pupils. The medical literature is provided on the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of acne, and less on perceptions and knowledge of acne patients of their disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, knowledge, beliefs on acne, among pupils and students in Ouagadougou. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from June to July 2014 in the University of Ouagadougou and in 4 secondary schools in Ouagadougou. Results: We surveyed 425personnes including 40.6% of girls and 59.4% boys. The prevalence of acne was 54.8%. The mean age was 19.53 years, with extremes ranging from 13 to 30 years. Among the etiologies, food was cited by 40.05%, 25.43% puberty, cosmetics 14.03% 3.21% hormones, stress 2.33%, 0.87% seborrhea. Among the foods concerned, peanuts were cited by 37.96%, 21.22% mayonnaise, butter, 21.52%, 8.07% sweets and chocolate 9,41%. oil was incriminated by 72.6% and sugar 5.5%. Among the contributing factors, 19.70% cited tobacco, 19% no sexual relationship. Among the 192 non acne patients, 17% link acne to poor hygiene, 80% would be embarrassed to have a partner acne, 74.40% of non-acne believed that acne altered self-image. For treating acne 26.11% think that acne is incurable. Cosmetic can care acné according to 37,90% and 6,30% believed that natural products are sufficient. Only 15.02% have resorted to a dermatologist. Conclusion: Pupils and students have bad knowledge on acne and bad perception on those who have the disease.

Introduction: les conséquences de la malnutrition aiguë sévère s’expriment en termes de santé et de survie de la personne affectée, mais aussi en termes de développement intellectuel de l’individu, sa productivité et globalement l’économie nationale. Sa prise en charge nécessite d’énormes moyens financiers. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la performance de la prise en charge versus coût du traitement des enfants malnutris aigus sévères.Méthodes: c’est une étude rétrospective réalisée de janvier à décembre 2014 auprès de 199 enfants de 0 à 59 mois admis au centre de récupération et d’éducation nutritionnelle de Kaya, Burkina Faso. Le coût de la prise en charge, la durée de séjour, le gain de poids journalier et la vitesse de récupération ont été analysées selon les méthodes de calcul standards. Le test de Mann-Whitney et de Kruskall-Wallis ont été utilisés pour comparer les médianes au seuil de 0,05.Résultats: comme présagé, les enfants de 6 à 23 mois étaient les plus affectée (51,8 %) et les infections respiratoires aiguës étaient les pathologies les plus associées (57,9 %). La durée médiane de séjour était de 9,0 (7,0 - 13,0) jours, la vitesse de récupération médiane de 100,0 (65,8 - 143,3) g/j et le gain pondéral médian journalier de 18,1 (11,6 - 27,7) g/kg/j. Le coût moyen de traitement d’un enfant malnutri est estimé à 15715,3 FCFA (25,2 USD).Conclusion: le coût de traitement est difficilement supportable par les parents des enfants malnutris d’où la nécessité de l’intervention du gouvernement et ses partenaires au développement.

Objectives Nutrition has profound effects on children’s health outcomes and is linked to weight gain and cognitive development. We used data from a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the prospective associations between dietary, socioeconomic and demographic factors and short-term weight gain during the lean season in a rural area of Burkina Faso.Design Prospective cohort data arising from a randomised controlled trial of the effect of antibiotic distribution on child growth and intestinal microbial diversity.Setting Two rural communities in Nouna District, Burkina Faso.Participants 246 children aged 6–59 months living in the study communities were enrolled in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measures Anthropometric measurements, including weight and height, were obtained at baseline and 1 month.Results Of 246 children, the median weight for wasted children at baseline (weight-for-height z-score

This paper engages with the coupled social and environmental dynamics of irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa through the case study of Bagré in Burkina Faso. A mix of traditional social science research and participatory methods meant at strengthening the role of local farmers in decision making over irrigation development allows identifying how people affected and sometimes displaced by the construction of irrigation infrastructure frame the idea of justice and identify related principles for their compensation. The research highlights that people affected by the project link the legitimacy to get plots in the newly build irrigation system to the duration and nature of customary rights that individuals have on the land. They also stress the importance of free choice when it comes to irrigation practices and of defining current compensation rules that account for the needs of future generations. While such views had not been considered in previous irrigation development projects implemented in the area in the 1990s and 2000s, the agency now in charge of overseeing irrigation development in the Bagré area has streamlined some of these in its procedures. Compensation practices follow the social safeguard policy of the World Bank whose aim is that none of the people affected by the project are worse after project implementation than before. However, the deliberate choice to attribute a large share of the future irrigated area to agro-entrepreneurs puts undue pressure on already scarce land resources and constitutes a risk to increase environmental inequalities and create new vulnerabilities. This happens even though agro-entrepreneurship is not yet observed in the area and may well fall short of the expectations of the World Bank and the Government of Burkina Faso that saw in agrobusiness the trigger for far reaching regional economic development.

The ainhum or spontaneous dactylolysis is a rare pathologic condition in which a hyperkeratosis necking groove is formed around the proximal portion of the fifth toe leading to its auto-amputation. They were three all male patients, aged 32-52 years, without concept of smoking, or similar family pathology, no notion of barefoot walking long distances or previous trauma. They consulted for pain of the fifth toe or for a desire of amputation of the fifth toe. Disease duration ranged from 18 months to 6 years. On examination, the patient was in good condition without fever. We noted a keratotic consistency constriction ring loose or tight enclosing the base of the right fifth toe. The other ends were free from any constriction. Radiography of the foot noted constriction adjacent soft parts in all patients and bone involvement in 2 patients. The diagnosis of aïnhum was made. A surgical treatment with Z-plasty or amputation was performed. The outcome was favorable with no uncommitted functional prognosis. The ainhum spontaneous is a rare disease, the diagnosis is clinical. The prognosis after surgical treatment is favorable. These observations by their diversity show different aspects of aïnhum.

Epidermoid carcinomas account for one third of cutaneous carcinomas. These are the most common cancers in adults. On dark skin, epidermoid carcinomas do not mainly occur on photo-exposed areas but rather complicate chronic ulcers. We are reporting the case of a 39 years old patient, HIV 1 positive being consulted for a budding tumor of the upper lip occurred on chronic erosion that appeared three years before. The histopathological examination of the bioptic specimen and of the resection specimen objectified a differentiated and mature epidermoid carcinoma. The patient was classified as Stage II: T3 N0 M 0. A complete tumor resection was performed followed by a double labial reconstruction by local advancement flap. Chronic ulceration and HIV infection have been identified as factors that favored malignant transformation. Limited access to health facilities has reportedly favored the evolution of lesions towards a complicated form and difficult medical care. The therapeutic challenge was to remove the tumor while preserving the function and aesthetics of the mouth.

West Africa is facing the challenge of its population’s food insecurity in a context of accelerated degradation of natural resources. In order to efficiently face this double bottleneck, agroecological interventions were implemented as a way to promote best agricultural practices. Agroecology is a mode of production that nowadays questions our food system which, despite technological progress, still struggles to feed the world’s population. This systematic review is part of the vision of a deep agroecology and aims at analyzing the institutional, political, organizational, and social obstacles and levers for an agroecological transition and its amplification in Burkina Faso and Benin. For this purpose, a structured literature review was conducted using grey and published literature. It appears that despite the mitigated results of the implementation of the Green Revolution model of agricultural production in West Africa, African public authorities seem to have placed once again their faith in conventional production practices to respond to the challenges facing agriculture in the region. This situation goes beyond the regional framework to take root at the national level, (e.g., Burkina Faso, Benin), with the corollary of an apparent lack of institutional interest in sustainable modes of production. However, there is a network of stakeholders who are developing promising initiatives for scaling up agroecological practices.

Les malformations congénitales par anomalie de position et de développement des arcs brachiaux primitifs représentent 1% des anomalies congénitales cardio-vasculaires. Nous rapportons le cas rare d'un nourrisson de 22 mois, né par voie basse d'une grossesse menée à terme qui a présenté une dyspnée intermittente depuis la naissance associée à une toux. L'angio-scanner cervico-thoracique a permis d'objectiver un arc aortique droit et une artère sub-clavière gauche pré-trachéo-oesophagienne prenant en pince l'ésophage et la trachée à environ 15 mm au-dessus de la carène entrainant une sténose d'environ 70% de la trachée sur une hauteur de 16 mm. Cette malformation complexe représente un type rare d'anomalie de l'arc aortique avec une variante inhabituelle du trajet de l'artère sub-clavière gauche. Elle pose un problème diagnostique et de traitement dans notre contexte du fait des difficultés d'accessibilité au scanner et à la chirurgie.

Traumas of the foetus caused by stabbings are rare but actually life-threatening for both the foetus and the mother. We report a case of penetrating chest wound on a baby taken from the obstetrics unit to the paediatric surgical department. His mother was assaulted by his father, a mentally sick person with no appropriate follow-up. The foetus did not show any sign of vital distress. Surgical exploration of the wound has revealed a section of the 10 th rib, a laceration of the pleura and a tearing of the diaphragm. A phrenorraphy and a pleural drainage were performed. The new-born and its mother were released from hospital after 5 days and the clinical control and X-ray checks 6 months later showed nothing abnormal. We insisted a medical, psychiatric follow-up be initiated for the father. As regards pregnant women with penetrating wounds, the mortality rate of the foetus is 80%. The odds are good for our newborn due to the mild injuries and good professional collaboration of the medical staff. Penetrating transuterine wounds of the foetus can be very serious. The health care needed should include many fields due to the mother and the foetus′ lesions extreme polymorphism. In our case, it could have prevented by a good psychiatric followed up of the offender.

The authors report the case of a 12-year-old boy admitted to the surgical emergency department of Charles de Gaulle Paediatric Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou for acute abdominal pain. A strangulation of the terminal ileum by a tumour-like appendix wound around the bowel loop was seen during operation. The histological examination of the removed appendix disclosed eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and concluded to bilharzian appendicitis. A course of praziquantel treatment was instituted, and the patient underwent an event-free recovery. Such cases report are infrequent, even in areas where bilharzia-related diseases are endemic. It is important to recognise them and to treat them in an aetiological manner so as to prevent any potential complications. The diagnosis is always an operatory and histological curiosity. Appendectomy and treatment with a course of praziquantel seem quite suitable for this situation.

Late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon. It poses considerable diagnostic challenges when it strangulates. The authors report a case of a left posterolateral strangulated congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a 5-year-old child diagnosed at the stage of acute intestinal occlusion with intestinal necrosis and managed successfully. A strangulated congenital diaphragmatic hernia should be suspected in the case of an association of sudden-onset respiratory and digestive manifestations with no sign of trauma or specific pulmonary history. It then requires an antero posterior thoracic X-ray or, even better, a thoracic-abdominal scan to confirm the diagnosis.

Introduction: La pellagre est une carence en vitamine PP qui regroupe l’acide nicotinique ou niacine et le nicotinamide. Elle est encore fréquente dans notre pays. Le but de cette étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques de la pellagre dans la région Ouest du Burkina Faso. Patients et Méthodes: Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive à partir des dossiers des patients ayant consulté ou ayant été hospitalisés dans les services de dermatologie-vénéréologie et de psychiatrie à Bobo-Dioulasso, de 2005 à 2012. Résultats: Durant la période, 223 cas de pellagre ont été enregistrés. L’âge moyen des patients était de 37,7+17,2 ans avec des extrêmes de 6 et 85 ans et un sex-ratio de 1/3. Ces cas ont été observés dans les zones aussi bien rurales qu’urbaines de l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. Les femmes étaient les plus atteintes (76,7%), particulièrement les femmes au foyer (47,1%). Les formes ulcéreuses représentaient 6,3% des cas, les atteintes neurologiques 62% et la diarrhée chronique (6,5%). Trois patients sont décédés (1,3%). Conclusion: La pellagre est une affection fréquente chez les femmes dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso où le maïs constitue la céréale de base dans l’alimentation des populations. Les formes ulcéreuses pouvaient égarer le diagnostic. Une sensibilisation de la population est indispensable pour prévenir cette affection.

The reduction and oxidation potentials of methylated 4-styrylpyrylium and 6-styrylpyrylium perchlorates have been evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, in comparison to their non-methylated derivatives values. The reduction peak of all studied compounds remained chemically irreversible. The presence of the electron-donating methyl group on pyrylium ring leads to a shift of the styrylpyrylium perchlorates reduction potential towards cathodic values. Kinetic studies on platinum electrodes based on the variation of the peak potential at different scan rates and upon substrate concentrations confirm, in another way, the mechanism of electron transfer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v27i1.12

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La manucure-pédicure est l'ensemble des soins esthétiques des mains, des pieds et des ongles. Au Burkina Faso, l'usage des produits de manucure-pédicure, les techniques utilisées ainsi que les risques encourus restent méconnus. L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer la pratique de la manucure-pédicure dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive de décembre 2010 à novembre 2012 incluant tout les praticiens ayant au moins six mois d'expérience dans l'activité et les clients présents sur les lieux au moment de l'enquête. Nous avons interrogé au total 313 praticiens et 313 clients. L'âge moyen des praticiens était de 19 ans et celui des clients de 32,2 ans. Les praticiens fixes étaient en majorité des femmes (96,87%), ceux mobiles surtout des hommes (68,37%), et 64,53% des clients étaient des femmes. Le pourcentage de praticiens n'ayant pas reçu de formation professionnelle était de 93,92%. 29,7% des praticiens faisaient tremper les instruments pendant au moins dix minutes dans de l'eau de javel ; 75,71% savaient que l'utilisation de certains outils étaient dangereux et 26,51% étaient avaient présenté des effets secondaires. Parmi les clients, 40,25% savaient que le matériel utilisé comportait des risques et 30,35% avaient été victimes d'accidents. Les soins de manucure et de pédicure se font dans les salons de coiffure par des coiffeuses non formées à l'exercice de la profession La provenance et la composition des produits n'est pas connues. Des produits non recommandés sont utilisés (shampooing pour trempage des pieds, lame de rasoir et ciseaux pour raclage des pieds). Le recours à la manucure et/ou pédicure est parfois nécessaire mais cela ne doit pas faire perdre de vue les risques encourus. Une sensibilisation des clients et une formation des praticiens semblent nécessaires pour minimiser les risques.

Le psoriasis est une dermatose inflammatoire érythémato-squameuse, d'évolution chronique. Ses aspects sociodémographiques et ses variantes cliniques sont peu connus en Afrique de l'ouest. Il s'est agit d'une étude rétrospective et prospective menée du 1er janvier 2009 au 30 juin 2012. Tous les patients qui avaient un dossier exploitable étaient inclus. Nous avons recensé 94 cas de psoriasis sur 14952 consultants, soit une prévalence hospitalière de 0,62%. Mais 84 cas répondaient aux critères d'inclusion. L'âge moyen des patients était de 34,53 ans, le sex-ratio de 1,47. Les ménagères, les élèves et les fonctionnaires étaient les plus représentés. Le prurit était retrouvé dans 54,8% des cas. Les lésions élémentaires cutanées étaient surtout érythémato-squameuses (79 cas). Celles unguéales étaient surtout à type de dépression cupuliforme (8 cas). Le cuir chevelu, les coudes et les genoux étaient les zones bastions les plus touchées (respectivement 53,57%, 45,23%, et 40,47%). Le psoriasis était vulgaire dans 30 cas et grave dans 7 cas. L'examen histopathologique était réalisé chez 11 patients. Malgré certaines insuffisances de description qui ne nous ont pas permis de calculer le score de PASI, cette étude a atteint ses objectifs. Les particularités de cette série étaient la prédominance masculine, la prévalence élevée du prurit et l'atteinte élevée du cuir chevelu. Les formes graves de psoriasis doivent faire rechercher une association à l'infection à VIH. Une étude en population permettrait de déterminer avec exactitude la prévalence du psoriasis au Burkina Faso.

Dans nos régions, une solution d'hydroxyde de potassium est régulièrement utilisée en application sur la peau comme traitement traditionnel dans le but de traiter un prurit ou une éruption cutanée. Dans notre pratique quotidienne, nous observons de plus en plus de réactions cutanées à ce type de traitement. Nous rapportons un cas de nécrolyse épidermique généralisée suite à l'application d'une solution concentrée d'hydroxyde de potassium. Il s'agissait d'une patiente de 51 ans, séropositive au VIH2, et au virus de l'hépatite virale C, mais non éligible au traitement antirétroviral. Elle était hospitalisée pour des décollements épidermiques nécrolytiques quasi-généralisés survenue le lendemain de l'application une solution de concentré de potasse sur tout le tégument. Cette solution avait été appliquée dans le but de traiter une éruption micropapuleuse prurigineuse généralisée (exanthème maculo-papuleux) survenue suite à a prise de cotrimoxazole. La réépidermisation était totale sans séquelle après un mois de suivi. Le diagnostic nécrolyse épidermique toxique ou syndrome de Lyell qui met souvent en jeu le pronostic vital avait été écarté devant la conservation de l'état général, l'absence d'atteinte muqueuse et la rapide cicatrisation. Certains traitements traditionnels ont fait la preuve au cours du temps de leur efficacité, mais un mésusage peut être à l'origine d'effets secondaires graves.

L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la fréquence, de décrire les circonstances de découverte, les signes cliniques et paracliniques, la composition chimique des calculs prélevés et les difficultés rencontrées dans le traitement des lithiases urinaires. Notre étude a été rétrospective sur une période de six ans (janvier 2005 à décembre 2010) et a eu pour cadre le CHUP-CDG et a concerné 67 patients âgés de moins de 15 ans opérés pour lithiases urinaires. Les calculs de la dernière année au nombre de douze ont fait l'objet d'une analyse spectrophotométrique. La lithiase urinaire figure parmi les dix premières pathologies du service de chirurgie et représente 1,32% des hospitalisations. L'âge moyen de nos patients est de deux ans et varie de 6 mois à 14 ans. La symptomatologie de la lithiase urinaire est polymorphe. Le diagnostic des lithiases urinaires a été essentiellement radiologique (ASP) dans 87, 50 des cas. Les localisations les plus fréquentes sont: vésicales (49,25%) et pyéliques (46,26%). L'ECBU a révélé une infection urinaire chez 9 patients. Les germes le plus fréquemment rencontrés sont: Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae (22,22%) et staphyloccocus aureus (22,22%). Les difficultés du traitement sont dues à la modicité de nos moyens diagnostiques et à la nature chimique des calculs et le traitement a été dans tous les cas chirurgical. La composition chimique est dominée par les sels calciques notamment les oxalates, les phosphates et les carbonates.

Le mélanome est une tumeur maligne développée aux dépens des mélanocytes. Ses caractéristiques épidémiologiques restent peu étudiées dans les populations africaines. D'où le but de cette étude. Il s'est agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive de janvier 2009 à décembre 2012 et prospective en 2013. Pour la partie rétrospective, nous avons inclus tous les patients atteints de mélanome confirmé par l'examen histopathologique et ayant un dossier clinique exploitable. Pour la partie prospective, nous avons inclus tous les cas de mélanomes recensés en 2013. Les variables étudiées étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, anatomocliniques et thérapeutiques.Au total 19 patients ont été inclus, avec un âge médian de 53,42 et 10 patients de sexe féminin. La durée moyenne d'évolution de la maladie était de 3,7 ans. Les lésions étaient surtout ulcero-bourgeonnantes (13), hyperpigmentées (15), siégeaient sur les plantes (14) . Le type et acro-lentigineux était le plus fréquent (13). L'indice de Clarck a été mesuré dans 3 cas, l'indice de Breslow dans aucun cas. Les métastases étaient présentes chez 10 patients. Le traitement était surtout chirurgical. Les 11 patients inclus de manière rétrospective ont été perdus de vue. Un décès était noté parmi les 8 patients inclus de manière prospective.Le retard à la consultation semble être le principal facteur de mauvais pronostic dans notre contexte. Une sensibilisation de la population et du personnel de santé sur les signes précoces de la maladie, permettrait probablement de réduire la morbidité.

Nowadays, many health centers use Hospital Information Systems (HIS) for the daily management of center activities such as patient data management. In Burkina Faso, many HIS are used for patient data management but these systems cannot cooperate because the data sources are often heterogeneous. In order to guarantee a better diagnosis in patient management, physicians need to access these data sources in a unique way through queries. For better analysis of a patient's situation, the health worker may want to access multiple data sources that do not belong to the same health center. This is only possible if the HIS involved interoperate. In a previous work, we proposed an interoperability architecture based on semantic web services. This solution has the advantage of not modifying the current organization of health centers. Indeed, for a complex query, a composition of web services is a solution to satisfy different needs. In this paper, we detail our approach for composing semantic web services. In our approach, the functionalities of each HIS application will be implemented by a web service semantically annotated by an ontology. An ontology-based mediation service is used to enrich the physician query and the MiniCon algorithm to create a composite web service. The composite web service is executed to return the requested data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Should policymakers wait for fiscal crisis early warning signals before repairing the roof? We answer this question by investigating the interlinkages between early warning signals for fiscal crises, policy responses, and policy outcomes, using a broad panel of 119 countries. We find that fiscal adjustment is a good remedy for countries that act proactively, reducing their likelihood of facing fiscal crisis by up to 60 percent. These findings highlight the prominence of strengthening institutions towards further incentivizing policymakers to repair the roof when the sun is shining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased sharply in Western Europe and United States over the past three decades. Nearly all cases of EAC in the west are thought to be associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) at the time of diagnosis. Regions in the Henan province of China have one of world's highest incidences of esophageal cancer, yet recent temporal trends in the relative rates of EAC with respect to esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), as well as its association with Barrett's esophagus (BE), have not been reported. In this report, we present large-scale longitudinal clinical and histological data on 5401 esophageal cancers (EC) patients diagnosed during the recent 10-year period (2002-2011) at Henan Cancer Hospital, China. All 217 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients from these 5401 EC patients were examined to better understand the relationship between Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EAC. We found that EAC was relatively rare and accounted for approximately 5% of all esophageal cancers each year during 2002-2011. There is no evidence of significant temporal trends in the rate of EAC relative to ESCC. Only 10 out of 217 (4.6%) EAC cases were detected to have any evidence of Barrett's esophagus. This result raises the possibility of a different etiological basis for EAC in China motivating more detailed epidemiological, clinical and molecular characterization of EAC in China in order to better understand the neoplastic development of EAC.

Background: The management of Hirschsprung′s disease remains a problem in developing countries. Our aim is to identify the main epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of Hirschsprung′s disease at the University Child Hospital Charles De Gaulle of Ouagadougou (CHUP-CDG). Patients and Method: It is a retrospective study carried out in the period from January 2001 to December 2007 in the Surgery Unit at CHUP-CDG, which is a reference centre for Paediatric Surgery in Burkina Faso. Results: There were 52 patients (M: F=3.3:1). The annual incidence was seven cases. Age at presentation and diagnosis ranged from two days 10 years (median 20 months). Twenty five patients were from poor socio-economic conditions. Presentations were mainly intestinal obstruction, chronic constipation and enterocolitis. There were two cases of associated trisomy 21. Average age at operative intervention was 3.17 months. The rectosigmoidal form was the most frequently encountered. Over two-thirds (67.31%), with no complications at presentation, had benefited from nursing before their final treatment. A temporary colostomy was requested in case of complication. Swenson′s technique was practiced for all the patients who underwent surgery operation. The assessment of functional results in eight patients after an average decrease of 3.5 years gave excellent results. Post-surgery complications were mainly enterocolitis in 12% of patients. Mortality rate was 16%. Conclusion: Management of Hirschsprung′s disease is a problem in Burkina Faso. It is characterised by its late presentation and difficult diagnosis due to inaccessibility and the non-availability of some investigation services (barium enema, histochemistry, and histology), resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Effective technical capacities, adequate staff training, and public education will be necessary to improve care quality.

La hernie diaphragmatique post-traumatique est une urgence chirurgicale rare chez l'enfant mais pouvant mettre rapidement en jeu le pronostic vital. Les auteurs rapportent le cas d'un garçon de 04 ans admis aux urgences pour douleur abdominale suite à une contusion thoraco-abdominale par accident de la voie publique. Le bilan radiologique initial a consisté en une échographie abdominale qui a révélé un hémopéritoine de petite abondance sans lésion focale. Douze heures après son admission, le patient a présenté une détresse respiratoire avec tableau clinique de pneumothorax gauche qui a nécessité une exsufflation en urgence. Le diagnostic de hernie diaphragmatique gauche a été posé à la radiographie du thorax réalisée après la ponction. L'enfant a bénéficié d'une cure chirurgicale. L'évolution a été favorable. La hernie diaphragmatique post traumatique, bien que rare chez l'enfant, devrait être systématiquement recherchée par une radiographie thoracique ou un scanner thoraco-abdominal devant tout traumatisme abdominal avec hyper pression. Son traitement est chirurgical.

HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients (both ARV-naive and starting ART) and followed-up in clinical centres in the IeDEA-WA network including a total of 13 clinics in five countries: Benin, Burkina-Faso Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in the West Africa region.Data was merged for 1,754 patients (56% female), including 1,021 HIV-2 infected patients (551 on ART) and 733 dually seropositive for both HIV-1 and HIV 2 (463 on ART). At ART initiation, the median age of HIV-2 patients was 45.3 years, IQR: (38.3-51.7) and 42.4 years, IQR (37.0-47.3) for dually seropositive patients (p = 0.048). Overall, 16.7% of HIV-2 patients on ART had an advanced clinical stage (WHO IV or CDC-C). The median CD4 count at the ART initiation is 166 cells/mm(3), IQR (83-247) among HIV-2 infected patients and 146 cells/mm(3), IQR (55-249) among dually seropositive patients. Overall, in ART-treated patients, the CD4 count increased 126 cells/mm(3) after 24 months on ART for HIV-2 patients and 169 cells/mm(3) for dually seropositive patients. Of 551 HIV-2 patients on ART, 5.8% died and 10.2% were lost to follow-up during the median time on ART of 2.4 years, IQR (0.7-4.3).This large multi-country study of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in West Africa suggests that routine clinical care is less than optimal and that management and treatment of HIV-2 could be further informed by ongoing studies and randomized clinical trials in this population.

Food safety risks are becoming a public health problem with important socioeconomic consequences for human wellbeing, especially for pregnant women and infants. In this article, we describe findings from microbiological, toxicological, and nutritional quality assessments of foods from 5 localities in Burkina Faso, with the aim to provide baseline data on the quality of food and the risks to mothers and children. Samples for assessment included food sold in markets, stores, and restaurants (eg, cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, edible oils, powdered milk, dried fish, packaged water, ready-to-eat meals). The research team selected the samples using the random route method and analyzed them at the National Public Health Laboratory in Ouagadougou between January and December 2020. A total of 443 food samples were collected, of which 101 were analyzed for microbial contamination, 360 were analyzed for the presence of toxins, and 59 were analyzed for their nutritional value. The microbiological quality of 11.88% of the food samples was unsatisfactory, and 41.50% were contaminated with aflatoxins. At least 1 pesticide residue and cyfluthrin were detected in 58.10% of samples. The most detected contaminant (cyfluthrin) was found in 79.10% of the analyzed samples. A peroxide index higher than the normal value (10 mEq/kg) was found in 3.38% of the oil samples and 76.27% of the oil samples had a vitamin A content lower than the recommended limit of 11 mg/kg. This study is the first in Burkina Faso that provides baseline data on the quality of food and potential health risks to mothers and children in Burkina Faso. Considering the level of contaminants reported in this article, it is imperative to enhance routine monitoring of foods in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tropical Africa, the first hundred meters below the surface are the site of intense lateritic weathering process. By transforming the rock, this alteration substantially facilitates access to many georesources (e.g. gold, clay, groundwater) by national operators. Consequently, the methodological development of regolith map and of derived maps predicting location of gold resource and groundwater is a prerequisite for rational management of georesources. This methodology was developed between 2007 and 2008, under the scientific project "Burkina Faso, Georesources and Society, » by the Geological Survey of Burkina Faso (BUMIGEB) and France (BRGM), following a participatory South-North approach. To meet the expectations of end users (craftsmen, small businesses, regional planners, regional planners...), creating an end-user committee (COMUT) formalized the framework for needs expression and has played the role of committee steering to follow scientific activities throughout the project. Ultimately, this project allowed geological survey to master mapping methodology for the rational management georesources and in the future, to apply them to Burkina Faso or in other African areas affected by lateritic weathering. The South-North scientific collaboration has resulted in strengthening relations between the two geological surveys through the exchange of experiences, skills transfer and joint acquisition of know-how.