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In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the hybrid of Squaliobarbus curriculus (♀) ×  Ctenopharyngodon idella (♂), which was obtained by artificial hybridization. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,616 bp, with the base composition of 31.15% A, 25.02% T, 27.66% C, and 16.17% G. It contains 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes is the same as that found in the teleosts. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for COX1 that begins with GTG. The complete mitogenome of the hybrid of S. curriculus (♀) ×  C. idella (♂) provides an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of squaretail coralgrouper Plectropomus areolatus was determined with long PCR approach. The genome was 16,770 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 2 non-coding regions, with the gene content and order being similar to most other teleosts. The overall base composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 28.81% A, 27.63% T, 27.24% C, and 16.33% G, with a high AT content of 56.44%, indicating an obvious anti-guanine bias commonly observed in fishes. It shared 90.7%, 78.8%, and 78.7% mitogenome sequence with Plectropomus leopardus, Epinephelus moara, and Epinephelus coioides, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liobagrus nigricauda is endemic to the Yangtze River system (Ding 1994, The fishes of Sichuan province. pp. 470-78) and listed as an endangered species (IUCN 2012, Red list of threatened species. ). In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of L. nigricauda has been obtained with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a noncoding control region with the total length of 16,512 bp. The gene arrangement and composition are similar to that of other vertebrates. Most of the genes are encoded on heavy strand, except for eight tRNA and ND6 genes. Just like most other vertebrates, the bias against G has a universality in different statistics results. The mitogenome sequence of L. nigricauda would contribute to better understand population genetics and to protect its genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of a Korean Ussurian tube-nosed bat, Murina ussuriensis, was determined. The mitochondrial genome of M. ussuriensis is 17,285 bp in length with a total base composition of 33.8% A, 28.9% T, 23.8% C, and 13.4% G. All the protein-coding genes (total length of 11,401 bp) were encoded in H-strand except for ND6 in L-strand. The total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1516 bp varying from 62 bp ( tRNA Ser ( AGY)) to 74 bp ( tRNA Leu ( UUR) and tRNA Gln). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were 972 and 1558 bp in length, respectively. The D-loop region was 2496 bp in length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genome of Luciogobius platycephalus was first determined. The genome is 16,478 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light-strand replication). The overall base composition of L. platycephalus is 29.1% for T, 26.7% for C, 29.2% for A, and 15.1% for G, with a slight A+T bias of 58.3%. It has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amazona barbadensis is an endangered species of parrot living in northern coastal Venezuela and in several Caribbean islands. In this study, we sequenced full mitochondrial genome of the considered species. The total length of the mitogenome was 18,983 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, duplicated control region, and degenerate copies of ND6 and tRNA Glu genes. High degree of identity between two copies of control region suggests their coincident evolution and functionality. Comparative analysis of both the control region sequences from four Amazona species revealed their 89.1% over a region of 1300 bp and indicates the presence of distinctive parts of two control region copies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the silver looper moth Argyrogramma agnata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (GenBank accession no. KC414791). The length of this mitogenome is 15,261 bp. All the 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes were found. The tRNA gene trnM was rearranged to the upstream of trnI- trnQ- trnM cluster compared with the pupative ancestral arrangement of insects. All protein-coding genes start with ATN start codon except for the gene cox1, which uses CGA as in other lepidopteran species. Nine protein-coding genes stop with termination codon TAA. One protein-coding gene uses incomplete stop codon TA and three use T. The A+T region is located between rrnS and trnM with a length of 334 bp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete sequence (14,751 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the opisthobranch gastropod Placida sp. was determined using long PCR and genome-walking techniques. The genome contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes that are typical of metazoan mtDNA, and 2 lengthy noncoding regions with a total length of 1441 bp. All the tRNA genes have general secondary structures without reduced T or D stems. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of Placida sp. is almost identical to that of sea slugs, whereas the tRNA gene arrangement is different from other animals outside Sacoglossa in the Euthyneura. A phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial genome of Euthyneura indicated that Placida sp. and Placida dendritica are closely related to Elysia chlorotica as a sister taxon, which strongly supports their close phylogenetic affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an evolved pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNAPylpair a Se-alkylselenocysteine was genetically incorporated into histone H3 with a high protein expression yield. Quantitative oxidative elimination of Sealkylselenocysteine followed by Michael addition reactions with various thiol nucleophiles generated biologically active mimics of H3 with posttranslational modifications including lysine methylation, lysine acecylation, and serine phosphorylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: E235-E237 Abstract The results of Entamoeba histolytica infections range from asymptomatic colonization to variable disease outcomes. However, markers that may predict infection outcomes are not known. Here, we investigated sequence types of a non-coding tRNA-linked locus R-R to identify surrogate markers that may show association with infection outcomes. Among 112 clinical samples-21 asymptomatic, 20 diarrhoea/dysentery and 71 liver abscesses-we identified 11 sequence types. Sequence type 5RR was mostly associated with asymptomatic samples, and sequence type 10RR was predominantly associated with the symptomatic (diarrhoea/dysentery and liver abscess) samples. This is the first report that identifies markers that may predict disease outcomes in E. histolytica infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome sequence of a vulnerable species Onychostoma lini was determined using polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced with primer walking method. The complete mitogenome was 16,595 bp in length, containing 37 genes of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The gene order and composition of O. lini was similar to most other fishes. The descending order of the base composition on heavy strand was 31.6% A, 27.9% C, 24.6% T, and 15.9% G, with a relatively lower level of G and a slight AT bias of 56.2%. The codon usage followed the typical vertebrate mitochondrial pattern (ATG or GTG for start codon and TAA or TAG for stop codon). The complete mitogenome sequence of O. lini provides fundamental data for further conversation genetics and captive breeding studies on this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) belongs to the family Bagridae, which is one of the most important economic freshwater aquaculture species in China. In this study, we reported the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of P. fulvidraco. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,527 bp in length, including the typical structure of 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and the non-coding control region. Both the termination-associated sequence and critical central conserved sequences (CSB-D, CSB-E, and CSB-F) was also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the seven-spotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which is one of the best known insects capable of predation, is described with an emphasis on the noteworthy composition of the A+T-rich region. The C. septempunctata genome consists of 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region, designated as the A+T-rich region in insects. Along with an unusually long A+T-rich region (4469 bp), the 18,965-bp long C. septempunctata mitogenome was the largest in Coleoptera. The A+T-rich region is composed of a 2214-bp long non-repeat region composed of 80.17% A/T nucleotides and a 2256-bp long repeat region composed of 65.71% A/T nucleotides. The repeat region harbors 32 identical 70-bp long tandem repeats plus one 15-bp long incomplete first repeat. These repeat sequences may possibly have been caused by slipped-strand mispairing and unequal crossing-over events during DNA replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the complete mitogenome sequence of Squalidus multimaculatus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). The mitogenome of S. multimaculatus is 16,597 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region. NCR is 925 bp in length, is located between tRNApro and tRNAphe. The overall base composition of S. multimaculatus is 27.9% for A, 18.9% for G, 25% for T, 28.2% for C, with a slight AT bias (52.9%). These results will provide the data required for phylogenetic studies of the Squalidus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our research, 16 sets of primers were used to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ofOdontobutis obscura.The aim of our research was to provide some important genetic background information for conservational practice of these valuable fish species. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16 864 bp and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers KT438552. The gene arrangement and transcriptional direction were similar to other bony fishes which contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNAs) and a major non-coding control region. The nucleotide skewness for the coding strands ofO. obscura(GC-skew = −0.26) is biased toward G and the negative GC-skew ranges from −0.51(ND2) to −0.24(CO1). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Gobiiformes could be divided into three groups, Eleotridae, Odontobutidae and Rhyacichthyidae. TheO. ObscuraandO. Potamophilaare sister species and clustered together. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete chloroplast sequence ofGnetum montanum(GenBank accession number: NC_021438.1) was determined and characterized in this study. The size of the chloroplast genome ofGnetum montanumis 115 019 bp. Including a large single copy (LSC) region of 66 697 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 9494 bp separated by a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 19 414 bp each. A total of 108 genes that were successfully annotated contains 65 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA genes and 3 rRNA genes. The GC content of the chloroplast genome ofGnetum montanumis 38.16%. Twelve genes contain one introns. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete sequence of the Neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) mitochondrial DNA was obtained by the shotgun sequencing approach. The mitogenome is 19 042 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, a control region and a duplicated region of 2418 bp. The base composition is 32.1% for C, 31.8% for A, 22.6% for T and 13.4% for G, with an overall GC content of 45.5%. This is the first mitogenome of theP. brasilianusdescribed and will be a useful tool for further phylogenetic and population genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete nucleotide sequence ofJuglans regiachloroplast genome (cpDNA) was carried out using Illumina Hiseq 2500. The genome is 160 537 bp in length, and the overall base composition of H-strand is 31.59% for A, 18.35% for C, 17.76% for G and 32.30% for T. Similar to the other higher plants, cpDNA have a large single copy (LSC) region of 90 059 bp and a small single copy(SSC) of 18 412 bp, is separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26 033 bp. There are 113 genes in the cpDNA, including 80 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), 36 transfer RNA genes (19 tRNA species). To further investigate the evolution status ofJ. regiain the level of chloroplast genome, tree constructed using MEGA 6.0 with NJ and ML methord demonstratedJ. regiawas clustered inFagales, which was identical with APG III. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Asian badger (Meles leucurus amurensis) is widely distributed throughout the northeast of China, and plays an important role in regulating the prey population stability of forest eco-system as mesopredators. We first determined and annotated the whole mtDNA genome of the Asian badgerMeles leucurus amurensisto better understand the evolutionary relationship of this subspecies. The complete mitogenome is 16 497 bp in length, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. We built the phylogenetic tree of Asian badger and other 10 most closelyMustelidaespecies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofParacheirodon innesiwas determined using the next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mitochondrial genome was 16 962 bp long and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a control region. The gene arrangement and composition ofP. Innesimitochondrial genome was similar to that of most other vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the complete mitogenomes of the species and closely related 13 teleost species to assess their phylogenetic relationship and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the largest of the true falcons, was characterized using next generation sequencing. The mitogenome was 18 218 bp long, and comprised of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and two non-coding regions; a control region (D-loop) harboring two tandem repeats 80 bp and 56 bp long and a pseudo-control region (ΨD-loop) with a tandem repeat 27 bp long. All genes were encoded on the + strand except ND6 and 8 tRNA genes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, we assembled two individuals’ complete chloroplast genomes with one male and one female from the dioecious plant species white campion (Silene latifolia). The two chloroplast genomes have an identical composition with each other as a circular molecule of 150 931 bp in length, with an overall GC content of 36.4%. The genomes consist of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25 503 bp, separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 82 708 and 17 217 bp, respectively. The genomes contain 111 single copy genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes and 30 transfer RNA genes. In these protein-coding genes, eight genes (rpl16,rpoC1,rps16,petD,petB,ndhB,ndhAandatpF) contain a single intron and three genes (rps12,clpPandycf3) contain two introns. The two newly sequenced chloroplast genomes provide valuable information for detecting polymorphisms within species and between sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence ofHyla ussuriensis(Anura: Hylidae) is first determined using long PCR. It is a circular molecule of 18 023 bp in length (GenBank accession no. KT964710). Similar to the typical mtDNA of amphibians, the complete mtDNA sequence ofHyla ussuriensiscontained two rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region (D-loop). The nucleotide composition was 29.9% A, 25.4% C, 14.5% G, and 30.2% T. Mitochondrial genomes analyses based on NJ method yield phylogenetic trees, indicating 13 reported Anura frogs belonging to five families (Hylidae, Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, and Rhacophoridae). These molecular data presented here provide a useful tool for systematic analyses of genusHylaand family Hylidae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete nucleotide sequence of theSinopodophyllum hexandrumYing chloroplast genome (cpDNA) was determined based on next-generation sequencing technologies in this study. The genome was 157 203 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 25 960 bp, which were separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87 065 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18 218 bp, respectively. The cpDNA contained 148 genes, including 96 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 44 tRNA genes. In these genes, eight harbored a single intron, and two (ycf3andclpP) contained a couple of introns. The cpDNA AT content ofS. hexandrumcpDNA is 61.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ThePlacidochromis longimanus(P. longimanus), one species of Cichlidae, resides in the Lake Malawi in East Africa. In present study, for the first time, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome ofP. longimanus,which has 16 581 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control zone. Moreover, its GC content is 45.99% (27.44% A, 26.58% T, 30.11% C, and 15.87% G), similar to that ofAstatotilapia calliptera(the GC content of 45.90%). We further made the phylogenetic tree on the complete mitochondrial genomes of the above two species and other 11 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The above results would facilitate our understanding of the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Here we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) ofAnthopleura midorifrom Weihai, China. This is the first species with sequenced mitogenome of genusAnthopleura.TheA. midorimitogenome is 20 039 bp in length (GenBank accession no. KT989511). The overall base composition of the H-strand is 26.81% A, 17.45% C, 21.52% G, and 34.22% T. The base composition clearly showed the A–T skew. Similar to most other sea anemone in family Actiniidae, it contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 2 tRNAs, and some non-coding regions. The circular mitogenome codes entirely on the heavy strand andND5andCOIgenes were embedded by an intron. Phylogenetic analyses show thatA. midoriis related most closely toPhymanthus crucifer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Hedgehog Seahorse (Hippocampus spinosissimus) is 16 530 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The gene organization ofH.spinosissimus was similar to that observed in most vertebrate creatures. All protein-coding genes use the typical initiation codon ATG, except forCOX1that uses GTG. The overall base composition ofH.spinosissimus is 32.2% for A, 22.72% for C, 30.19% for T, and 14.89% for G, with a slight AT bias of 62.39%.Hippocampus spinosissimusshowed a closer genetic relationship withH. kelloggiaccording to the phylogenetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Lutjanus erythopterus is presented in this study. The mitochondrial genome is 16,509 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The gene order and the composition of Lutjanus erythopterus mitochondrial genome were similar to that of most other vertebrates. The nucleotide compositions of the light strand in descending order are 29.74% of G, 28.14% of T, 25.95% of A, and 16.17% of C. With the exception of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) and eight tRNA genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The phylogenetic analysis by maximum-likelihood (ML) method shows that the Lutjanus erythopterus was closer to Lutjanus russellii in the phylogenetic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report complete chloroplast genome of the Tibetan hulless barely using IIlumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing technology (IIlumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The chloroplast genome size is 136 462 bp in length that includes two inverted repeats (IRs) of 10 528 bp, which are separated by the large single copy (LSC 101 375 bp) and small single copy (SSC 14 030 bp). Hulless barely chloroplast genome encodes 76 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the nine complete chloroplast genomes was selected from Poaceae family usingOryza sativa japonicaas the out-group, supporting that hulless barely is closely related to theHordeum vulgaresubsp.vulgare. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofDrepanidotaenia lanceolatawas sequenced. The complete mtDNA sequence is 13 573 bp long and contains 12 protein-coding genes (cox1–3,nad1–6,nad4L,atp6, andcytb), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 non-coding regions (NCR). Phylogenetic analysis using three methods (Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood) demonstrates with high statistical support thatD. lanceolatais closely related to the genusHymenolepis. This study reports the first complete mt genome sequence of a representative species of the genusDrepanidotaeniaand should provide novel genetic data for further studies of the taxonomy, systematics, and population genetics of these and other related cestodes of socio-economic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sheep is one of the most important and widespread domestic animals. Nevertheless, the origins of most sheep breeds are poorly understood, specifically the fat-tailed sheep that maternally originates from a specific group. Here, we reported the whole mitochondrial DNA of Ujumuqin sheep (Ovis aries), derived from one of the oldest fat-tailed sheep breed-Mongolian sheep in China. It harbors 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a D-Loop region. The mitogenome is 16 617 bp in length, with a homology of 50% between the mitogenome of Ujumuqin sheep and that of Texel sheep. The unveiling of the mitochondrial DNA sequence of Ujumuqin sheep will have a significant role to play in the further studies on sheep evolution and domestication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofCentropus sinensisis determined in this study. The circle genome with the 17 159 bp total length contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region. Phylogenetic tree shows thatC. sinensiswas sister toC. unirufus. The mitogenome ofC. sinensiswill contribute to researches of mitogenomic evolution, phylogenetic relationship, and conservation genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Acer morrisonense(Aceraceae) is an important forest tree species and is endemic to Taiwan area. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence ofA. morrisonensechloroplast genome (cpDNA) by using next-generation sequencing. The cpDNA was 157 197 bp in size, contained a pair of 26 728 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions, which were separated by a large single copy region (LSC) and a small single copy (SSC) region of 85 655 and 18 086 bp, respectively. The cpDNA contained 134 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (78 PCG species), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (four rRNA species), and 40 transfer RNA genes (31 tRNA species). The most of gene species occur as a single copy, while 21 gene species occur in double copies. The overall AT content ofA. morrisonensechloroplast genome were 62.2%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 64.0%, 67.9%, and 57.3%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the cpDNA ofA. morrisonenseis closely related to that of congenericA. buergerianumsubsp. ningpoense. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

AlthoughHepialus xiaojinensisis important as the host ofOphiocordyceps sinensis, it remains poorly known especially in genetic structure and phylogeny status. To get a better understanding of it, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofH. xiaojinensiswas sequenced for the first time. The genome was 15 397 bp in size and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an AT-rich region, and the gene composition and the arrangement of which were consistent with other insects of Hepialidae. The base composition of the genome was A (41.44%), T (39.68%), C (11.52%), and G (7.36%), with an AT content of 81.13%. Moreover, we have performed phylogenetic analysis ofH. xiaojinensisand other 11 Lepidoptera species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The mitogenome of an Australian sample of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus minutus,was recovered from partial sequencing using the MiSeq sequencer. This mudskipper has a mitogenome of 16,506 base pairs (55% A + T content) made up of two ribosomal subunit genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 838 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the first sequenced mitogenome for the genusPeriophthalmusand the fifth for the subfamily Oxudercinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we undertook the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of an important lung carcinoma model inbred rat strain for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,308 bp. It harbored 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop region). The mutation events were also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the orange-spotted spinefootSiganus guttatus(Perciformes, Siganidae) is presented in this paper. The entire sequence, 16,505 bp in length, is comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. Structurally, the composition and order of genes are same as those found in other rabbitfishes. ExceptND6and 8 tRNA, all other mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. Overall base compositions of mitogenome are 29.3% of A, 29.3% of C, 25.7% of T, and 15.7% of G, showing an obvious anti-G bias which was commonly found in fishes. Three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3) and long series of di- and mono-nucleotide microsatellite repeats in 3′ end are observed in the putative control region. The complete mitogenome sequence ofS. guttatuscould provide useful information for further phylogenetic and population genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitogenome of the tropical gar,Atractosteus tropicus,(GeneBank accession number KJ531198) has a total length of 16,280 bp, and the arrangement consist of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 22 transfer RNA similar to other Lepisosteidae family mitogenomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an Illumina platform, we shot-gun sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of two sister chiton species (Sypharochiton pelliserpentisandSypharochiton sinclairi) to an average coverage of 172× and 60×, respectively. We performed ade novoassembly using SOAPdenovo2 and determined the total mitogenome lengths to be 15,048 and 15,028 bps, respectively. The gene organization was similar to that of other chitons, with 13 protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs. These data will contribute for resolving the taxonomy and population genetic structures of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofPazala timur(Lepidoptera: Papilionodae) is a circular molecule of 15,226 bp in length, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes: 13 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding AT-rich region. Its gene order and arrangement are identical to all other available butterfly mitogenomes. All PCGs initiate with typical ATN codons, except for COI, which is initiated by the CGA codon. Ten PCGs use complete termination codon (TAA), whereas the COI, COII and ND5 genes end with single T. Twelve intergenic spacers (82 bp in total), and 11 overlapping regions (30 bp in total) are dispersed throughout the whole genome. The non-coding AT-rich region is 403 bp long and contains some conserved structures characteristic of the butterfly mitogenomes, such as the motif ATAGA followed by a 13-bp poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like (AT)12element preceded by the ATTTA motif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence ofAleuroglyphus ovatus(Acarinae:Aleuroglyphus) was determined by long PCR and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 14,305 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes as well as a displacement loop (D-loop). The overall base composition of the genome is A (23.61%), T (44.60%), C (13.03%) and G (18.76%) respectively. Stop codon was missed for the CYTB gene and the gene overlaps were suggested between ten pairs of the contiguous genes inA. ovatus.The mitogenome would contribute to resolving phylogenetic position and interrelationships ofAleuroglyphus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome from an Africanized honey bee population (AHB, derived fromApis mellifera scutellata) was assembled and analyzed. The mitogenome is 16,411 bp long and contains the same gene repertoire and gene order as the European honey bee (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes). ND4 appears to use an alternate start codon and the long rRNA gene is 48 bp shorter in AHB due to a deletion in a terminal AT dinucleotide repeat. The dihydrouracil arm is missing from tRNA-Ser (AGN) and tRNA-Glu is missing the TV loop. The A + T content is comparable to the European honey bee (84.7%), which increases to 95% for the 3rd position in the protein coding genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofPhrynocephalusviviparity was determined for the toad-headed lizardPhrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis.The 16,608 bp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 control regions (CRs). The overall base composition of H-strand is T: 26.7%, C: 24.5%, A: 37.6%, G: 11.2%. The gene arrangement and composition ofP. theobaldi orientaliswas similar to other published mitochondrial genomes ofPhrynocephalusoviparity, except thattRNA-PheandtRNA-Prowere exchanged. The control region comprised two parts, one betweentRNA-ThrandtRNA-Pheand another betweentRNA-Proand12S RNA. The complete mitogenome sequence ofP. theobaldi orientalisprovided fundamental data for resolving phylogenetic and genetic problems related toPhrynocephalusviviparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Mole Shrew,Anourosorex squamipesbelongs to the family Soricidae, and widely distributes in central and southern China, northern and south Burma, east India, northern Vietnam and Thailand. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofAnourosorex squamipeswas determined. The mitogenome is 17,121 base pairs in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region, with base composition of 34.0% A, 31.3% T, 22.0% C, and 12.7% G. The genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage did not differ significantly from those of other shrews. The study contributes to illuminating taxonomic status of Chinese Mole ShrewAnourosorex squamipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Chinese rod gugeon,Abbottina rivularis(Basilewsky, 1855) has been amplified. The mitogenome, consisting of 16,608 base pairs (bp), had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a noncoding control region (CR). CR of 929 bp length is located between tRNAProand tRNAPhe. The overall base composition ofA. rivularisis 29.9% for A, 27.2% for C, 25.7% for T and 17.3% for G, with higher AT content of 55.6%. The complete mitogenome may provide rather essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic analysis for not only congeneric species but also higher different taxa of Cyprinid fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pararge aegeriais a palearctic butterfly used as a model organism in ecology, behavior, evolution and development, with significant geographically-correlated morphological variation and two close relatives in Macaronesia. In this study, I have determined the complete mitogenome sequence ofP. aegeria. The genome is 15,240 bp long, and has the typical gene organization of other lepidopteran mitogenomes. Salient features include the IMQ order of tRNA genes, a sizable (52 bp) spacer betweentrnQandnad2, a CGA start codon incox1and the ATAGA(T)19motif in the control region. Interestingly, this region also contains four copies of the imperfect palindrome TAAATATWTATAWATATTTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomy of genusAnodontais rather ambiguous, as it has great variation on the shell shape.Anodonta lucidais an endemic species of freshwater mussel in China, characterized by shining epidermis. The complete maternal mitochondrial genome of freshwater musselA. lucidawas first determined (GenBank accession no. KF667529). The genome is 16,285 bp long with an AT content of 64.02%. All the 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes are found, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The genome also contains 24 unassigned regions, ranking from 1 to 830 bp in length, the largest of which is the putative control region (CR). The base composition of the genome is A (36.32%), G (13.01%), T (27.70%) and C (22.98%). Gene order is identical to other species of Unionidae except Gonideinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the northeastern red deer,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. The entire genome is 16,416 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region, all of which are arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. The overall base composition of the northeastern red deer’s mitochondrial genome is 33.3% of A, 24.3% of C, 28.9% of T and 13.5% of G. A termination-associated sequence and several conserved central sequence block domains were discovered within the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the whole mtDNA genome of Simao Chinese indigenous dog was amplified and sequenced. Our data showed that the whole mtDNA genome of Simao Chinese indigenous dog includes 16,730 base pairs (bps). The Simao Chinese indigenous dog mitochondrial genome included structural organization and base composition of the rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes, as well as characteristics of tRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome ofLeiolepis reevesii(Sauria, Agamidae), which is a circular molecule of 16,908 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The A+T content of overall base composition of H-strand is 59.8% (T: 25.1%, C: 27.5%, A: 34.7%, G: 12.7%). Some short microsatellite-like repeat regions (polyA and polyT) are scattered in the control region. All the results provide powerful data to further study of the molecular systematics, species identification and conservation genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]