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A series of flower-like Fe0-Fe3O4@MoS2 composite catalysts were successfully synthesized by reducing Fe0 on the surface of Fe3O4 hollow spheres and coating with MoS2 to activate peroxomonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation. Adding Fe0 increased the Fe2+ content, and the surface-coated 1T/2H mixed phase MoS2 enhanced the redox cycle of Fe (II)/Fe (III) and the reactivity of the heterogeneous system. Subsequently, the quenching experiments showed that radical and non-radical pathways were present in the Fe0-Fe3O4@MoS2/PMS system, and O2−· and 1O2 were dominant in the degradation. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that Fe0-Fe3O4@MoS2 exhibited excellent degradation efficiency (96.81%) and anti-interference capability against anions and humic acid. On this basis, the reaction mechanism was analyzed, and three possible degradation pathways were proposed by LC–MS to detect intermediates of TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we synthesized and tested a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mag‐MIP) sensor for the detection of tetracycline in food samples. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometry were employed for tetracycline determination. The mag‐MIP was polymerized on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles using the following substances: 4 mmol of methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, 20 mmol of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross‐linking agent, 82.5 mg of benzoyl peroxide as the radical initiator, and 30 ml of acetonitrile as the solvent. The physicochemical characteristics of the proposed mag‐MIP, including adsorption capabilities and selectivity, were studied and compared with those of a magnetic non‐molecularly imprinted polymer (mag‐NIP). The analytical curve was constructed in the range of 1.0×10−5–8.0×10−5 mol L−1, LOD: 3.3×10−6, LOQ: 1.1×10−5 mol L−1. The results obtained from the adsorption analysis showed that the highest adsorption capacity of the mag‐MIP at equilibrium was 8.247 mg g−1 and that the tetracycline adsorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics. The proposed mag‐MIP also exhibited good results when subjected to fluorescence analysis; an increase in tetracycline concentration resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity, and this led to the effective removal of tetracycline with the reduction of fluorescence intensity. The applicability of the proposed mag‐MIP was evaluated in honey, cow milk, and egg samples through recovery tests conducted using samples containing spiked tetracycline concentration at two different concentration levels (1.7×10−5 and 2.5×10−5 mol L−1), where we obtained recovery percentages in the range of 73.2–87.2 % (HPLC) and 90.5–103.7 % (spectrofluorometry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and fabrication of pH‐responsive nanofibrous membranes by biomaterials is a key step for drug delivery systems. Currently, there is an increasing attention on design of biocompatible nanofibrous drug delivery systems. Here, a bio‐based pH‐responsive nanofibrous membranes loaded with antibiotic were fabricated for the controlled release of tetracycline hydrochloride (TH). The in vitro drug release behavior of varied pH‐responsive nanofibrous with different mass ratios of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was investigated to clarify the release mechanism. TH initial burst release within 20 mins was large than 97.5% for PLA/CAP/TH NFM under alkaline conditions (pH = 8). The antioxidant activity of TH loaded PLA/CAP NFMs are all higher than 55% after 30 mins. The prepared fibrous membranes possess sufficient antibacterial activity against both to Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. At the same time, it also has good biocompatibility. Therefore, the fabricated nanofibrous membranes was demonstrated to be a pH‐responsive nanoplatform for drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite material SBC-Fe-x with sludge and Fe3+ was developed by different calcination temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C) for the removal of tetracycline (TC). The adsorption rates of SBC-Fe-600, SBC-Fe-700, and SBC-Fe-800 were 77.5%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the Langmuir model indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of SBC-Fe-700 (157.93 mg/g) was three times greater than that of SBC-Fe-600. The conclusions were confirmed by a series of characterizations that SBC-Fe-700 showed a larger specific surface area, well-developed pore structure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and a high degree of graphitization. The results of pH experiments indicated the broad applicability of SBC-Fe-700 for TC adsorption. In addition, SBC-Fe-700 suggested outstanding performance in different water environments. This work produced a feasible adsorbent for the removal of TC, and a new direction for sludge resource utilization was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we used a hydrothermal method and calcination at different temperatures to synthesize Ca2Nb2O7 composite oxides with two different sub-crystalline phases, namely perovskite and pyrochlore. From the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline, the catalytic activity of the pyrochlore crystalline phase is higher than that of the perovskite crystalline phase. This is because the pyrochlore phase structure is more disordered, which has abundant oxygen vacancies and can generate more ·O2−, h+, and ·OH under visible light irradiation. Additionally, it has a smaller bandgap and a lower valence band energy. The combination of these factors enables the higher reaction activity of the pyrochlore phase structure compared with the perovskite crystalline phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis poses a significant challenge in the medical field as a systemic infection with a propensity for relapse. This study presented a novel approach to brucellosis treatment, enhancing the efficacy of doxycycline and rifampicin through the use of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid coupled with cadmium-telluride quantum dots (Dox-Rif-PLGA@CdTe). The double emulsion solvent evaporation method was employed to prepare Dox-Rif-PLGA@CdTe. The study scrutinized the physicochemical attributes of these nanoparticles. The impact of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles on Brucella melitensis was evaluated through well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and cell culture. The chemical analysis results demonstrated a possibility of chemical reactions occurring among the constituents of nanoparticles. Assessments using the well diffusion and MIC methods indicated that the impact of free drugs and nanoparticles on bacteria was equivalent. However, the drug-loaded nanoparticles significantly decreased the colony-forming units (CFUs) within the cell lines compared to free drugs. In conclusion, the synthesis of nanoparticles adhered to environmentally friendly practices and demonstrated safety. The sustained drug release over 100 h facilitated drug accumulation at the bacterial site, resulting in a heightened therapeutic effect on B. melitensis and improved outcomes in brucellosis treatment. The application of these synthesized nanodrugs exhibited promising therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the precursors of the target product were prepared using a simple solvothermal method. After pyrolysis of the precursors, a three-dimensional Fe/CuFe2O4@C (referred to as FCC) nanomaterial with a relief texture was successfully prepared, which was employed as a novel catalyst material for activated persulfate (referred to as PS) degradation, tetracycline (referred to as TC), in wastewater. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Fe(III) and Cu(II) served as the primary active metal ions, while the formation of a surface carbon shell positively influenced electron transfer during catalytic degradation. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to assess the efficiency of FCC nanocatalysts in degrading TC under various conditions. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of TC in the 100 min range was about 96% at concentrations of 0.2 g L−1 FCC and 1 mmol L−1 persulfate and pH 7. Quenching experiment results and EPR results consistently indicated that both free radical and non-radical pathways involved in TC degradation by FCC nanomaterials, and sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen were identified to be the main active substances. The degradation intermediates were analyzed by liquid mass spectrometry and toxicology. FCC, as a catalyst exhibiting high catalytic activity, demonstrates superior performance in the activated persulfate degradation of TC. The environmental risk associated with the degradation of intermediate products is significantly lower than that of TC itself. FCC holds significant potential for the degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient, inexpensive, and stable photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants and antibiotics has become an effective way for environmental remediation. In this work, we successfully performed in situ growth of CdS QDs on the surface of elliptical BiVO4 to try to show the advantage of the binary heterojuncted photocatalyst (BVO@CdS) for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The In situ growth of CdS QDs can provide a large number of reactive sites and also generate a larger contact area with BiVO4. In addition, compared with mechanical composite materials, in situ growth can significantly reduce the energy barrier at the interface between BiVO4 and CdS, providing more channels for the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, and further improving reaction activity. As a result, BVO@CdS-0.05 shows the best degradation efficiency, with a degradation rate of 88% after 30 min under visible light. The TC photodegradation follows a pseudo-second-order reaction with a dynamic constant of 0.472 min−1, which is 6.47 times that of pure BiVO4, 7.24 times that of pure CdS QDs and 2 times that of the mechanical composite. The degradation rate of BVO@CdS-0.05 decreases to 77.8% with a retention rate of 88.5% after four cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, two possible pathways for TC degradation are proposed. Through free radical capture experiments, electron spin resonance measurements, and photoelectrochemical comprehensive analysis, it is confirmed that BVO@CdS composites have constructed an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction via in situ growth, thereby highly enhancing the separation and transport efficiency of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increasing resistance of R. anatipestifer has posed a significant threat to the poultry industry in recent years. The tet gene is the primary determinant of tetracycline resistance in numerous bacteria, and the enzyme modification gene tet(X) is predominantly detected in tetracycline-resistant R. anatipestifer strains. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of both the standard strain and clinical isolates of R. anatipestifer to doxycycline. And the expression levels of tet(X), tet(A), and tet(O) genes were detected. To assess drug susceptibility, shuttle plasmids were constructed to transfer the tet(X) gene into the standard strain of R. anatipestifer followed by treatment with chlorogenic acid. Results and discussion: The results revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of doxycycline for the standard strain was 0.25µg/mL, whereas it exceeded 8µg/mL for the clinical isolates. Furthermore, there was a significant upregulation observed in expression levels of tet(X), tet(A), and tet(O) genes among induced strains. Interestingly, when transferring the tet(X) gene into the standard strain, its sensitivity to doxycycline decreased; however, MIC values for chlorogenic acid remained consistent between both standard and drug-resistant strains of R. anatipestifer. Moreover, we made a surprising discovery that screening passage with chlorogenic acid resulted in increased sensitivity of R. anatipestifer to doxycycline. Further analysis demonstrated a reversal in expression trends among three differentially expressed genes within induced drug resistance group after intervention with chlorogenic acid. The main objective behind this study is to investigate both killing effect exerted by chlorogenic acid on drug-resistant R. anatipestifer as well as its regulatory impact on drug resistance genes. This will provide novel insights and theoretical basis towards development of chlorogenic acid as a promising drug for treatment and control of drug resistance in R. anatipestifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual drug pollutants in water environments represent a severe risk to human health, so developing a cheap, environmentally friendly, and effective photocatalyst to deal with them has become a hot topic. Herein, a magnetically separable Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a special heterojunction structure was fabricated, and its photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading tetracycline (TC). Compared to Fe3O4@TiO2, the synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 exhibited superior TC degradation performance, which was primarily ascribed to the heterojunction formed between TiO2 and g-C3N4 and its ability to enhance the visible light absorption capacity and reduce the photoinduced electron/hole recombination rate. Moreover, a free radical capture experiment further confirmed that ·O2− and h+ are the predominant components in the TC degradation reaction. Under UV–Vis irradiation, the TC degradation rate escalated to as high as 98% within 120 min. Moreover, Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 was demonstrated to be easily recovered by magnetic separation without any notable loss even after five cycles, showing exceptional stability and reusability. These findings indicate that Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 is a promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation that may provide a sustainable approach to degrading antibiotic pollutants in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photo-induced peroxymonosulfate (photo-PMS) reaction is a promising route to eliminate antibiotics from waste water. To achieve excellent photo-PMS activity in Mg–Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation under simulative solar-light irradiation, Mg–Fe LDHs-loaded polyacrylonitrile (Mg–Fe/PAN) nanofibers were in-situ prepared via the hydrothermal route. For comparison to the photocatalysis and photo-PMS process, the Mg–Fe/PAN-assisted photo-PMS process exhibited a better elimination activity for TCH elimination. In addition, the photo-PMS activities of Mg–Fe/PAN composites were greatly affected by Mg–Fe LDHs content, TCH concentration, pH, and inorganic salts. Among these Mg–Fe/PAN composites, the optimal MgFe2/PAN with a Mg/Fe molar ratio of 1:2 and a nominal Mg–Fe LDHs content of 2.0 wt. % removed 81.31% TCH solution of 80 mg L−1 TCH within 120 min. This enhanced photo-PMS capacity of MgFe2/PAN was ascribed to the abundant active sites formed by functional groups and oxygen defects for efficient TCH species adsorption and photon capturing, and the tight interface between Mg–Fe LDHs nanoparticles and PAN nanofibers for the rapid separation and transfer of photoinduced e−/h+ pairs. SO4•− and •O2− radicals were vital for the MgFe2/PAN-assisted photo-PMS reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, fiber‐polymer composite films were prepared by adding 0.5 g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g of modal/cotton (50 : 50) waste to 10 % PVA film, and the properties of the films were revealed by SEM, FTIR analyzes and swelling percentage. It is observed that the strength of the bonds in the FTIR analysis decreases when modal/cotton fibers are added to the PVA film. While a 406 % swelling is achieved in the PVA film, the swelling percentages of the films decrease when modal/cotton fibers are added to the PVA film, and a greater swelling is observed at pH 9 compared to pH 5. The adsorption efficiency of tetracycline and diclofenac sodium on the films was researched at different pH levels and film doses. Tetracycline removal reached its highest value at pH 9, while diclofenac sodium removal reached its highest value at pH 5. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were determined for tetracycline and diclofenac sodium adsorption. Tetracycline removal is better described by the Freundlich isotherm model, whereas diclofenac sodium removal fits the Langmuir isotherm model better. As a result, films prepared with modal/cotton waste not only provide tetracycline and diclofenac sodium removal but also contribute to waste recycling by utilizing waste fiber materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In environmental bacteria, the selective advantage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be increased through co-localization with genes such as other ARGs, biocide resistance genes, metal resistance genes, and virulence genes (VGs). The gut microbiome of infants has been shown to contain numerous ARGs, however, co-localization related to ARGs is unknown during early life despite frequent exposures to biocides and metals from an early age. Results: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of genetic co-localization of resistance genes in a cohort of 662 Danish children and examined the association between such co-localization and environmental factors as well as gut microbial maturation. Our study showed that co-localization of ARGs with other resistance and virulence genes is common in the early gut microbiome and is associated with gut bacteria that are indicative of low maturity. Statistical models showed that co-localization occurred mainly in the phylum Proteobacteria independent of high ARG content and contig length. We evaluated the stochasticity of co-localization occurrence using enrichment scores. The most common forms of co-localization involved tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and, on plasmids, co-localization predominantly occurred in the form of class 1 integrons. Antibiotic use caused a short-term increase in mobile ARGs, while non-mobile ARGs showed no significant change. Finally, we found that a high abundance of VGs was associated with low gut microbial maturity and that VGs showed even higher potential for mobility than ARGs. Conclusions: We found that the phenomenon of co-localization between ARGs and other resistance and VGs was prevalent in the gut at the beginning of life. It reveals the diversity that sustains antibiotic resistance and therefore indirectly emphasizes the need to apply caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice, animal husbandry, and daily life to mitigate the escalation of resistance. CR8ihftTez1HgYaufYhgHy Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, activated carbons were obtained from grape marc for tetracycline removal from wastewater. Activated carbons were obtained by subjecting them to pyrolysis at 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on activated carbons was investigated. The physicochemical and surface properties of the activated carbons were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption isothermal, thermal gravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and BET surface area analysis. When the BET surface areas were examined, it was found that 4.25 m2/g for activated carbon was produced at 300 °C, 44.23 m2/g for activated carbon obtained at 500 °C and 44.23 m2/g at 700 °C, which showed that the BET surface areas increased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. The pore volumes of the synthesized activated carbons were 0.0037 cm3/g, 0.023 cm3/g, and 0.305 cm3/g for pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, while the average pore size was found to be 8.02 nm, 9.45 nm, and 10.29 nm, respectively. A better adsorption capacity was observed due to the decrease in oxygen-rich functional groups with increasing pyrolysis temperature. It was observed that the activated carbon obtained from grape skins can easily treat hazardous wastewater containing tetracycline due to its high carbon content and surface functional groups. It was also shown that the activated carbon synthesized in this study has a higher pore volume despite its low surface area compared to the studies in the literature. Thanks to the high pore volume and surface active groups, a successful tetracycline removal was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning algorithms investigate relationships in data to deliver useful outputs. However, past models required complete datasets as a prerequisite. In this study, rough set-based machine learning was applied using real-world incomplete datasets to generate a prediction model of biochar's adsorption capacity based on key attributes. The predictive model consists of if–then rules classifying properties by fulfilling certain conditions. The rules generated from both complete and incomplete datasets exhibit high certainty and coverage, along with scientific coherence. Based on the complete dataset model, optimal pyrolysis conditions, biomass characteristics and adsorption conditions were identified to maximize tetracycline adsorption capacity (> 200 mg/g) by biochar. This study demonstrates the capabilities of rough set-based machine learning using incomplete practical real-world data without compromising key features. The approach can generate valid predictive models even with missing values in datasets. Overall, the preliminary results show promise for applying rough set machine learning to real-world, incomplete data for generating biomass and biochar predictive models. However, further refinement and testing are warranted before practical implementation. Highlights: • It is the first explainable AI-based rough set model to study the tetracycline adsorption capacity of biochar. • Usage of an incomplete Practical dataset through RSML evaded the biasness due to imputations. • Higher accuracy and precision of incomplete Practical datasets revealed the uniqueness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline (TC) is a vital class of broad-spectrum antibiotics widely employed. However, its extensive use raises associated concerns. Due to its persistent nature, there is a risk of trace amounts of TC contaminating food. The complex composition of food samples has sparked considerable interest in developing selective and sensitive TC sensors. Here, a novel sensing material, gCDs@ZIF-8, where ZIF-8 is a metal–organic framework composed of Zn2+ and 2-methylimidazole, was developed by incorporating fluorescent green carbon dots (gCDs) into the ZIF-8 for TC detection. Consequently, the synthesized gCDs exhibited green emission and a specific response to tetracycline. The incorporation of gCDs into ZIF-8 enhances sensitivity, making it a valuable probe for the quantification of TC. The detection limit for gCDs alone was 0.42 µM, and when encapsulated in ZIF-8, the sensitivity increased, resulting in a limit of detection of 157 nM. Quantifying tetracycline in milk samples demonstrated spike recoveries ranging from 95 to 105 percent. The assay displayed excellent precision, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3) of less than 2% at each concentration point. The robustness and ruggedness of the assay were evident through the probe's stable shelf life, water stability, and a broad working pH range. Validation tests confirmed the gCDs@MOF-based sensing system's capability to detect tetracycline in various sample matrices. The method's environmental friendliness was assessed using three metric tools (AGREE, AGREEprep, and the Complex GAPI), all confirming its superior eco-friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, the overuse of antibiotics has been a growing concern in the field of medicine. To address this issue, there has been increasing interest in the development of efficient treatment methods. Recently, research has shown that the modification of iron oxychloride with Mn, Co, or Ni can significantly enhance its performance in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. This is attributed to the high similarity between Mn, Co, Ni and Fe, bimetallic systems can be constructed to improve the accelerated cycle of M(II)–M(III) and the activation of hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate. Additionally, active substances such as SO4−·, ·OH, and 1O2 have been identified in the PS system, while ·OH and 1O2 are active in the H2O2 system. In this study, due to the presence of these active substances, the degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride within 10 min in three different systems such as hydrogen peroxide can reach 100%. These findings offer promising prospects for the development of more effective and sustainable treatment methods for antibiotic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient catalysts with visible light response for the removal of pollutants in an aqueous environment has been a hotspot in the field of photocatalysis research. A Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) nanoparticle/Bi4O5Br2 ultra-thin nanosheet heterojunction was constructed by ultrasound-assisted solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and optoelectronic properties of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Under simulated visible light illumination, the photocatalytic performance was evaluated through degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. Results show that the degradation effect by the optimum ZCS/Bi4O5Br2 catalyst is superior to pure materials with the kinetic constant that is 1.7 and 9.6 times higher than those of Bi4O5Br2 and ZCS, and also has better stability and reusability. Trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance tests find that free radicals in the photocatalytic system are superoxide radicals and holes. This work provides a referable idea for the development of more efficient and recyclable photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young farm animals are susceptible to opportunistic infections which may cause economic losses due to mortality and poor weight gain. The development of antimicrobial resistance and the desire to improve therapy efficacy and safety are the reasons to seek for new antibacterial drugs ensuring rapid recovery with minimum adverse events. Aim: To estimate the efficacy of DOKSI AVZ 500 in respiratory pathologies in young pigs. Methods: The study was conducted in 65-70-day-old Yorkshire piglets with signs of bacterial respiratory pathologies. The animals were treated with the test drug for 3 or 5 days. The reference group received TETRAMAX 500 which is similar to the test drug in terms of chemical structure, mechanism of action, and activity spectrum. The animal's status was assessed using clinical examination, clinical blood count, and bacteriological tests. Results: Both test and reference drugs were well tolerated and ensured the animal recovery within about 4 days. The recovery was accompanied by normalization of hematological parameters and flora composition. The bacterium associated with the disease development, Streptococcus suis, was virtually completely eliminated in all groups. No adverse events were noted. After the treatment, all the animals readily gained weight and live market quality. Conclusion: DOKSI AVZ 500 was a highly efficient therapy for respiratory pathologies caused by the resident opportunistic flora in piglets. It has also shown noninferiority vs. TETRAMAX 500 in terms of all the health-related parameters and thus can be recommended for introduction in veterinary practice in pig farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is critical to preserving animal health and welfare. However, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a public health threat. Although most antimicrobials used on the farm require a veterinarian prescription, farmworkers make daily on-farm treatment decisions. Therefore, farmworker training is vital to promote responsible AMU. This research project aimed to evaluate the effect of farmworker antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) training on the quantity of AMU on dairy farms in Ohio and California. We hypothesized that farms receiving AMS training would have reduced AMU in dairy cattle compared with farms where training wasn't administered. We designed a quasiexperimental study with 18 conventional dairy farms enrolled in Ohio and California. Twelve farms received AMS training, and 6 farms did not. The AMS program included a 12-wk training focused on accurate identification of cows requiring antimicrobial treatment. We quantified AMU by collecting used drug containers, manually counted by researchers during farm visits. Treatment incidence (TI) was calculated using animal daily doses (ADD), and Poisson regression models were used to analyze the TI data. Disease incidence rate (DIR) in lactating cows was 2.2, 1.5, 1.0, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.03/1,000 cow-days for mastitis, lameness, metritis, pneumonia, retained placenta, diarrheas, and other diseases (e.g., conjunctivitis, injuries), respectively. The highest TI by antimicrobial class (provided in ADD/1,000 cow-days) was cephalosporin (5.9), penicillin (5.2), tetracyclines (0.4), lincosamides (0.2), and sulfonamides (0.1). Among the trained farms using a within-treatment group analysis, no significant differences were observed in TI pre-intervention (10.9 ADD/1,000 cow-days) compared with TI postintervention (10.3 ADD/1,000 cow-days). Treatment incidence from the training group was 10.8 ADD/1,000 cow-days and although numerically lower, it was not significantly different compared with TI in the control groups at 13.9 ADD/1,000 cow-days (rate ratio = 0.77, CI = 0.25–2.38). Future research on AMS should incorporate farmworker training with social science approaches to overcome barriers and promote on-farm responsible use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic abuse, particularly the excessive use of tetracycline (TC), a drug with significant environmental risk, has gravely harmed natural water bodies and even posed danger to human health. In this study, a three-dimensional self-supported MoS2/MXene nanohybrid with an expanded layer spacing was synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the complete degradation of TC. The results showed that a stronger •OH signal was detected in the aqueous solution containing MoS2/MXene, demonstrating a superior PDS activation effect compared to MoS2 or Ti3C2TX MXene alone. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L, a PDS concentration of 0.4 mM, and pH = 5.0, the MoS2/MXene/PDS system was able to fully eliminate TC within one hour, which was probably due to the presence of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) (•OH, SO4•−, and O2•−) in the system. The high TC degradation efficiency could be maintained under the influence of various interfering ions and after five cycles, indicating that MoS2/MXene has good anti-interference and reusability performance. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathways were proposed by combining liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data and other findings, and the mechanism of the MoS2/MXene/PDS system on the degradation process of TC was elucidated by deducing the possible mechanism of ROS generation in the reaction process. All of these findings suggest that the MoS2/MXene composite catalyst has strong antibiotic removal capabilities with a wide range of application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The optimal dosage of tetracycline remains unclear for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Frequent dosing requirements may decrease patient adherence and increase the incidence of adverse events, potentially reducing treatment efficacy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different tetracycline dosages in rescue treatment for H. pylori infection. Methods: A total of 406 patients needing H. pylori rescue treatment were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups and received bismuth‐containing quadruple therapies as follows: esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily, bismuth 220 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily, and tetracycline 500 mg either three (TET‐T group) or four (TET‐F group) times daily. At least 6 weeks after treatment completion, a 13C‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication. Results: The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) eradication rates were 91.13% (185/203) and 90.15% (183/203) (p = 0.733), the modified ITT (MITT) eradication rates were 94.87% (185/195) and 95.31% (183/192) (p = 0.841), and the per‐protocol (PP) eradication rates were 94.79% (182/192) and 95.21% (179/188) (p = 0.851) in the TET‐T group and TET‐F group, respectively. The eradication rates for the TET‐T group were not inferior to those of the TET‐F group in ITT, MITT, and PP analyses. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly lower in the TET‐T group than in the TET‐F group (23.65% vs. 33.50%, p = 0.028). No significant differences were observed in treatment compliance between the groups. Conclusions: The dose of tetracycline administered three times daily showed comparable efficacy to that administered four times daily, while significantly reducing the incidence of adverse events. The combination of tetracycline and amoxicillin in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy achieved a high eradication rate in H. pylori rescue treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, a simple tailored therapy based on clarithromycin resistance has been implemented as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy. Nonetheless, despite the tailored therapy and frequent adverse events, studies on treatment period are lacking. This study aimed to compare the H. pylori eradication rates of 7‐day and 14‐day tailored therapy regimens according to clarithromycin resistance. Materials and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, randomized, noninferiority trial enrolled H. pylori‐positive patients who were randomly assigned to 7‐day and 14‐day regimen groups, depending on the presence or absence of clarithromycin resistance by 23S rRNA gene point mutations. Standard triple therapy (STT) (20 mg rabeprazole, 1 g amoxicillin, and 500 mg clarithromycin twice daily) or bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) (20 mg rabeprazole twice daily, 500 mg metronidazole thrice daily, 120 mg bismuth four times daily, and 500 mg tetracycline four times daily) was assigned by clarithromycin resistance. Eradication rates and adverse events were evaluated. Results: A total of 314 and 278 patients were included in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses, respectively; however, 31 patients were lost to follow‐up, whereas five patients violated the protocol. Both the 7‐day and 14‐day regimens showed similar eradication rates in the ITT (7‐day vs. 14‐day: 78.3% vs. 78.3%, p > 0.99) and PP (87.9% vs. 89.1%, p = 0.851) analyses. Non‐inferiority was confirmed (p < 0.025). A subgroup analysis according to clarithromycin resistance (clarithromycin resistance rate: 28.7%) revealed no significant difference in eradication rates between the 7‐day and 14‐day STT (90.0% vs. 90.1%, p > 0.99) and BQT (82.5% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.757). Furthermore, adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: The 7‐day triple and quadruple therapy according to clarithromycin resistance showed similar eradication rates, as compared to the 14‐day therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Corynebacterium (C.) sp. 22KM0430 related to C. oculi and isolated from a dog exhibited resistance to tetracycline, and its WGS analysis revealed a putative resistance gene on a 35 562-bp plasmid also harbouring the MLSB resistance gene erm (X). Objectives To characterize the novel tetracycline resistance gene tet (65) and demonstrate its functionality by expression in C. glutamicum and Escherichia coli and plasmid curing of the host strain. Methods tet (65) was cloned with and without its repressor tetR (65) and expressed in C. glutamicum DSM20300 and E. coli DH5α. Plasmid was cured by non-selective passages. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracyclines were determined according to CLSI guidelines. Association of tet (65) with efflux was shown by the addition of reserpine to MIC assays. Phylogenetic position and transmembrane structure of Tet(65) were analysed using MEGA11 and DeepTMHMM. Results Tet(65) shows 73% amino acid identity with the closest related Tet(Z), contains 12 transmembrane domains and is structurally related to the Major Facilitator Superfamily. The tetracycline MICs decreased in the plasmid-cured strain and increased when tet (65) was expressed in C. glutamicum and in E. coli. The MICs of tetracycline decreased in the presence of reserpine indicating that tet (65) functions as an efflux pump. A GenBank search also identified tet (65) in C. diphtheriae and Brevibacterium (B.) casei and B. luteolum. Conclusions A novel tetracycline efflux gene tet (65) was identified in a C. oculi related species and was also present in the human pathogen C. diphtheriae and in Brevibacterium species indicating broader potential for dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the use of the iron-containing metal–organic framework (MOF), Basolite®F300, as a heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemically-driven Fenton processes. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown promise on the abatement of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Tetracyclines (TC) are a frequently used class of antibiotics that are now polluting surface water and groundwater sources worldwide. Acknowledging the fast capability of EAOPs to treat persistent pharmaceutical pollutants, we propose an electrochemical Fenton treatment process that is catalyzed by the use of a commercially available MOF material to degrade TC. The efficiency of H2O2 generation in the IrO2/carbon felt setup is highlighted. However, electrochemical oxidation with H2O2 production (ECO-H2O2) alone is not enough to achieve complete TC removal, attributed to the formation of weak oxidant species. Incorporating Basolite®F300 in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process results in complete TC removal within 40 min, showcasing its efficacy. Additionally, this study explores the effect of varying MOF concentrations, indicating optimal removal rates at 100 mg L−1 due to a balance of kinetics and limitation of active sites of the catalysts. Furthermore, the impact of the applied current on TC removal is investigated, revealing a proportional relationship between current and removal rates. The analysis of energy efficiency emphasizes 50 mA as the optimal current, however, balancing removal efficiency with electrical energy consumption. This work highlights the potential of Basolite®F300 as an effective catalyst in the HEF process for pollutant abatement, providing valuable insights into optimizing electrified water treatment applications with MOF nanomaterials to treat organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots have been widely focused on the field of sensing and detection due to their excellent optical property. Herein, novel orange fluorescent nitrogen and chlorine co-doped carbon dots (N,Cl-CDs) are obtained by one-pot hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine and neutral red. Based on the inner filter effect, the prepared N,Cl-CDs can be innovatively developed as an effective "signal-off" multifunctional sensing platform for sensitive determination of tetracycline. The proposed sensor was utilized to realize the determination of tetracycline in Rirver water samples/milk samples (λex = 390 nm, λem = 606 nm) with satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviations. The linear range of are 0.05 to 45 μM and 45 to135 μM, and detection limit is 3.9 nM (3σ/m). Meanwhile, the luminescent intensity of N,Cl-CDs was reduced gradually when pH changed continuously from 12 to 2, showing a pH-responsive fluorescence property with two linear ranges of pH 3–7 and pH 7–10. In addition, due to the characteristics of low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility, the N, Cl-CDs were also used in the imaging of oocystis cells, which is hopeful to realize the detection of tetracycline in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N-rich COF/BiOBr S-scheme photocatalyst was constructed via interface engineering. • Superior tetracycline degradation and toxicity abatement performance was achieved. • The S-scheme mechanism was probed via advanced and in-situ instrumental analyses. • The superiority was ascribe to boosting ∙OH and ∙O 2 − production. Tetracycline (TC) antibiotics, extensively utilized in livestock farming and aquaculture, pose significant environmental challenges. Photocatalysis, leveraging renewable sunlight and reusable photocatalysts, offers a promising avenue for mitigating TC pollution. However, identifying robust photocatalysts remains a formidable challenge. This study introduces a novel hollow-flower-ball-like nanoheterojunction composed of a nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework (N-COF) coupled with BiOBr (BOB), a semiconductor with a higher Fermi level. The synthesized N-COF/BOB S-scheme nanoheterojunction features an expanded contact interface, strengthened chemical bonding, and unique band topologies. The N-COF/BOB composites showcased exceptional TC degradation performance, achieving an 81.2% removal of 60 mg/L TC within 2 h, markedly surpassing the individual efficiencies of N-COF and BOB by factors of 3.80 and 5.96, respectively. Furthermore, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency highlights a superior mineralization capacity in the N-COF/BOB composite compared to the individual components, N-COF and BOB. The toxicity assessment revealed that the degradation intermediates possess diminished environmental toxicity. This enhanced performance is ascribed to the robust S-scheme nanoheterojunction structure, which promotes efficient photoinduced electron transfer from BOB to N-COF. This process also augments the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, resulting in an increased yield of superoxide radicals (∙O 2 −) and hydroxyl radicals (∙OH). These reactive species significantly contribute to the degradation and mineralization of TC. Consequently, this study introduces a sustainable approach for addressing emerging antibiotic contaminants, employing COF-based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, to investigate Arcobacter spp. contamination post‐scalding and de‐feathering, post‐evisceration, post‐chilling, and packaged products, which are the most essential contamination stages of broiler slaughter, a total of 108 samples were taken from three different broiler slaughterhouses at different times. Isolates obtained by cultural methods in 104 of 108 samples were analyzed by mPCR method to identify pathogen Arcobacter spp. Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and mixed contamination of both Arcobacter species were detected in 51 samples. Of the 51 isolates, 27 (52.9%) were A. butzleri, 16 (31.4%) were A. cryaerophilus, and 8 (15.7%) were mixed contamination of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, while Arcobacter skirrowii was not detected. A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus contamination was 59.2% post‐scalding and de‐feathering, 43.4% post‐evisceration, 44.4% and 48.1% post‐chilling and in packaged products, respectively. All A. butzleri strains were found to be 100% resistant to cefoperazone and penicillin and sensitive to tetracycline. A. cryaerophilus strains were 100% resistant to cefoperazone, penicillin, and cloxacillin and susceptible to tetracycline and erythromycin. In the study, it was determined that Arcobacter spp. caused a very intense contamination (85.18%–100%) and also contamination rates of identified pathogen strains (A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus) were very high (59.2% and 43.4%) in broiler slaughtering stages. Considering that each step in broiler slaughter could contaminate the next stage, developing a safe slaughter and minimizing the risk toward the final product, it was concluded that critical control points could not be well managed in broiler slaughterhouses, and broiler meat may pose a significant risk to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is an applicable material that can be modified in various ways. Modifications using natural extracts fulfill the principles of "green chemistry." The preparation of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE)-modified NiAl LDH was completed using the calcination and restacking method. The characteristics of the prepared composites were identified through analysis of functional groups, crystal phase, bandgap energy, surface area and surface morphology. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) characterization revealed that the active group of the catalyst is -OH except for NiAl layered double oxide (LDO), which has the metal oxide-like functional groups. X-ray diffraction patterns expressed a typical layered material structure of NiAl LDH dan NiAl LDH-BPE, but not for NiAl LDO and NiAl LDO-BPE. Introducing BPE into NiAl LDH and NiAl LDO effectively decreased the bandgap energy and changed the surface morphology. The prepared catalysts were applied in a batch system with pH 5 to degrade tetracycline (TC). NiAl LDO demonstrated the highest activity as a catalyst in TC degradation, with a 93.61% degradation rate. In contrast, NiAl LDO-BPE demonstrated the highest structural stability in TC degradation and repeated use, with an initial degradation percentage of 82.58% and a fifth regeneration percentage of 71.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline (TC) must be treated from wastewater due to the TC resistance and persistent harm to human health. Iron-loaded activated semi-coke (Fe-SAC) was created for TC removal by adsorption. The 2% Fe-SAC had a high specific surface area of 1378.80 m2∙g−1, a pore volume of 0.42 cm3∙g−1, and an average pore size of 3.4 nm, and the surface is irregularly distributed with iron oxide particles. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-SAC for TC was 558.07 mg∙g−1 at pH = 6.0. The complexation, hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction were the main mechanisms of TC adsorption by 2% Fe-SAC. The removal of 2% Fe-SAC for TC reduced with increasing solution pH at 2–11, and the adsorbents demonstrated strong ions interference resistance in water. The regeneration performance of TC saturated 2% Fe-SAC by NaOH elution were 83.29% after the 3th adsorption-regeneration cycles, which is remarkably higher than ozone oxidation (13.60%) and NaOH elution coupled ozone oxidation (21.82%), and the NaOH elution after regeneration of exhausted adsorbent can be repeatedly used after TC degradation by ozone oxidation. The present results highlighted that Fe-SAC can be applied as a recyclable adsorbent for antibiotics removal for wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One 3D Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) was prepared by hydrothermal method as a catalyst for activating persulfate to degrade tetracycline. The degradation efficiency of TC was investigated under various conditions including catalyst dosage, pH, and persulfate concentration. The effects of these factors on the degradation efficiency were examined and discussed in detail. Cu-MOFs/PS catalytic systems can degrade 96% of TC under suitable conditions. The quenching experiments showed that there are both free radical and non-free radical pathways in TC degradation, with singlet-line substitution of oxygen playing a major role. The stability of the material structure was explored through cyclic experiments. The degradation pathway of TC was investigated through the analysis of intermediate products. Additionally, the toxicity of these intermediate products was evaluated using toxicity analysis software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple solution combustion method is used to synthesize spinel type MgFe2O4 (MFO) and CoCr2O4 (CCO) oxides, which are combined with the mechanical mixing method to construct a Z‐scheme MFO/wt%CCO heterojunction, which effectively degraded tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Various characterization techniques are used to confirm the phase structure, composition, near‐spherical morphology, ferromagnetic behavior, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of Z‐scheme MFO/wt%CCO heterojunction. A variety of environmental experimental parameters confirmed that when the optimal initial TC concentration is 50 mg L−1, the catalyst content is 1 g L−1, and pH 13, the degradation percentage of TC by the MFO/75%CCO composites reached 89%. Active species verification experiments showed that the hole (h+), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and superoxide radical (•O2−) are the main active species in photocatalytic reactions. Based on mass spectrometry, toxicity analysis, and energy band theory, the degradation pathway, toxicity, and photocatalytic mechanism of MFO/75%CCO composites for the degradation of TC are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating demand for the antibiotic drug tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) contributes to an increased release of its residues into land and water bodies, which poses risks to both aquatic life and human health. Therefore, it is precedence to effectively degrade TCH residues to protect environment from their long-term impacts. In this aspect, the present study entails the synthesis of zirconia (ZrO2) nanostructures and focuses on the enhancement in the catalytic performance of ZrO2 nanostructures by employing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a solid support to synthesize ZrO2-enriched RGO-based photocatalysts (ZrO2-RGO) for the degradation of TCH. The study delves into comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic investigations and their photodegradation assessments. Powder XRD and HR-TEM studies depicted the phase crystallinity and also displayed uniform distribution of ZrO2 nanostructures with spherical morphology within ZrO2-RGO. This corresponds to high surface-to-volume ratios, providing a substantial number of active sites for light absorption and generation of e--h+ pairs. Moreover, the heterojunctions created between RGO and ZrO2 nanostructures promoted the interspecies electron transfer which prolonged the recombination time of e- and h+ than pure ZrO2 nanostructures, accounted for enhanced degradation of TCH using ZrO2-RGO. The photocatalytic activity of as-synthesized materials were examined under visible and UV light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of ~ 73.82% was achieved using ZrO2-RGO-based photocatalyst with rate constant k = 0.007023 min-1 under visible-light illumination. Moreover, under UV-light, the degradation rate was explicated to be k = 0.01017 min-1 with ~ 85.56% degradation of TCH antibiotics within 180 mins. Hence, the synthesized ZrO2-enriched RGO-based photocatalysts represents a promising potential for the effective degradation of pharmaceutical compounds, particularly TCH under visible and UV-light irradiation. Schematic representation for the effective photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) using ZrO2-RGO nanostructures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) poses a significant threat to food safety due to its ability to cause severe human illness and its resistance to various antibiotics and environmental conditions. This study investigated the prevalence, serotype distribution, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) food products from Romania. A total of 8151 samples were analyzed, including various processed dairy, bovine, poultry, pork, and fish products. Bacterial isolation was conducted using the classical standard method, followed by confirmation through biochemical and molecular testing. Among the isolated strains, serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c were identified, with a prevalence of 75% for serotype 1/2a. Additionally, virulence genes specific to listeriolysin O (hlyA) and regulatory factor A (prfA) were detected in all isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed varying resistance patterns among the L. monocytogenes strains. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oxacillin showed the highest prevalence of resistance at 26.92% and 23.07%, respectively. However, all strains remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Notably, 23.07% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with the most common pattern being resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes identified tetracycline resistance genes, particularly tet(C), tet(M), and tet(K), in a significant proportion of isolates. The presence of ampC and dfrD genes was also notable, indicating potential mechanisms of resistance. These results emphasize the necessity for ongoing surveillance of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and emphasize the importance of thorough monitoring of antimicrobial resistance to guide public health strategies within the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new analytical method combining magnetic micro‐solid phase extraction (μ‐SPE) in tandem with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) analysis was developed and used for the simultaneous extraction/preconcentration of tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in drug manufacturing effluents. The μ‐SPE conducted by the introduction of iron oxide reduced‐graphene oxide (MrGO) doped tin‐lanthanium intercalated with thiosulfate ions to produce magnetic LDH (MrGO/Sn‐La‐S). The adsorbent was synthesized and characterized using x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and value stream mapping techniques. The effective parameters, including the extraction and desorption steps, were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) for TC and OTC were obtained as 5.42 and 3.31 μg.L−1, respectively, while the linearity was in the range of 10.0–500.0 μg.L−1 for both antibiotics with satisfactory determination coefficients (R2) of 0.9811 and 0.9846 for TC and OTC, respectively. The recovery percentages for the analytes in real samples were achieved in the ranges of 89.2%–101.6% and 91.0%–101.3% for TC and OTC antibiotics, respectively. All these features proved the potential of the developed method and adsorbent for real world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, quick, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly analytical methods for quality assurance and control roles for different medicines, including Tetrcyclines, are most significantly needed. Also, different thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based methods for tetracycline identification exist, but high performance thin layer chromatography methods based on modern state- of- the art equipment are still nonexistent. Thus, in this study, analytical method development and verification were done by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) (using an automated equipment model) using glass plates coated with silica gel 60 F254 after treating with 10% Na2EDTA. Validation was carried out according to International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. A mobile phase formed from ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, and 1% aqueous ammonia in the composition of 4.4:19.6:10:6 volume to volume ratio (V/V) was used. Rf value, percentage recoveries, linearity ranges, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the developed HPTLC method were 0.28, 100.83–106.25%, 160–560 ng/band (r2 values of 0.9999), 31.9 ng/band, and 96.7 ng/band, respectively. The results of the sample assays conducted using the new method and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were 91.59% to 108.3% and 90.83% to 102.85%, respectively. The F test for the aforementioned methods was 2.01, which is smaller than the tabulated F value of 5.05 with 5 degrees of freedom at a 95% confidence range, proving that the newly developed HPTLC and HPLC pharmacopoeial methods can be used interchangeably.The newly developed HPTLC method is easy, economical, specific, accurate, and roboust, thus it can be employed in a range of settings that require quality control and assurance activities of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) in bulk and ointment dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple antibiotics has recently become a significant concern. Gram-negative bacteria, known for their ability to acquire mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, represent one of the most hazardous microorganisms. This phenomenon poses a serious threat to public health. Notably, the significance of tigecycline, a member of the antibiotic group glycylcyclines and derivative of tetracyclines has increased. Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antimicrobial drugs used to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria or even pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. The primary mechanisms of tigecycline resistance include efflux pumps' overexpression, tet genes and outer membrane porins. Efflux pumps are crucial in conferring multi-drug resistance by expelling antibiotics (such as tigecycline by direct expelling) and decreasing their concentration to sub-toxic levels. This review discusses the problem of tigecycline resistance, and provides important information for understanding the existing molecular mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Enterobacterales. The emergence and spread of pathogens resistant to last-resort therapeutic options stands as a major global healthcare concern, especially when microorganisms are already resistant to carbapenems and/or colistin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tire–road wear particles (TRWPs) are formed by friction between the tire and the road. TRWPs are ubiquitous across the globe, especially in sediments. However, the possible effects of TRWPs on tetracycline (TC) in aquatic sediments are unknown. To investigate the potential role of TRWPs as carriers of co-pollutants, this study investigated the pore surface properties and TC adsorption behavior of TRWP-contaminated sediments and explored the TC behavior in water sediments, as well as the role of aging processes and TRWPs abundance. The results showed that the surface morphology of TRWP-contaminated sediments changed and the adsorption capacity of sediments to TC increased. The TC adsorption capacity of sediments contaminated by 2% TRWPs increased from 3.15 to 3.48 mg/g. Moreover, the surface physical and chemical properties of TRWPs after UV aging changed, which further increased the TC adsorption capacity. The TC adsorption capacity of the sediments contaminated by aged TRWPs increased from 3.48 to 3.65 mg/g. Changing the proportion of aged TRWPs, we found that the adsorption capacity of sediments contaminated by different proportions of TRWPs for TC was 2% > 1% > 0.5% > 4% > blank sediment. These results may contribute to predicting the potential environmental risks of TRWPs in aquatic sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of photogenerated charge carriers (PC) in variable dimensional photocatalyst plays a pivotal role in unraveling the generation of reactive species (RS). However, the dimensional structure–activity relationship in photocatalysis remains elusive, with limited insights into its intricacies. Herein, we report a controlled synthesis strategy by using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted precipitation method for BiOI photocatalyst. Due to the steric hindrance of PVP, the 3D microsphere (3D-PVP0.5) and porous structure (3D-PVP1) of BiOI catalysts have been successfully prepared at room temperature. The 3D-PVP1 photocatalyst contains abundant mesopores and larger pores, which significantly shorten the diffusion distance of PC. Also, these PC in porous structure is beneficial for transferring from the inner phase to the surface of materials. Combined with optical property and radicals trapping experiments, the recombination rate of PC in porous structure performs a significant decrease, leading to the generation of more dominated ROS (•O2− and h+). The •O2− played a dominated role (86.98% of contribution rate) in photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) in 3D-PVP1 photocatalytic process. Compared with 2D nanosheet of BiOI (16.7% removal rate of TC), the as-prepared 3D porous structure of BiOI catalyst exhibits unique stable and high removal capacities (90.5%) for TC photodegradation under visible light irradiation. The kobs of 3D-PVP1 photocatalyst increased by 5.1 times than that of 2D nanosheet. To investigate its practical application, the effects of inorganic anions and pH have been systematically studied. This work sheds light on the design of variable dimension BiOI catalyst and provides more insight into the transfer mechanism of PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistics management information system (LMIS) plays a crucial role in effective record-keeping and reporting, ensuring efficient management of stock status and consumption data. A proficient LMIS improves accountability and supports informed logistic decisions in healthcare. Conversely, a subpar LMIS negatively affects essential medicine availability, compromising overall healthcare service efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the status of the logistics management information system and the availability of non-program tracer drugs (NPTDs) in public health facilities within Bahir Dar City. This study employed an institutional-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from February 20 to April 30, 2022 in 12 public health facilities located in Bahir Dar City. Structured questionnaire and data abstraction formats were used to gather pertinent data. After checking for completeness, the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. The primary analytical outcomes involved descriptive statistics, encompassing frequencies, averages, and percentages, which were subsequently presented in tables and figures. Bin card and Internal Facility Report and Resupply Form were the only blank LMIS tools available in all health facilities, while stock-record card was the least available, present in only 2(16.7%) facilities. Nine health facilities (75%) used self-prepared forms to request NPTDs from the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency (EPSA) at the end of the review period, whereas 7(58.3%) used official letters for emergency orders. Additionally, seven health facilities (58.3%) used the Health Commodities Management Information System On the day of the visit, 78.68% of NPTDs were available. Tetracycline eye ointment 1% had the longest stock-out duration, lasting for a mean 69.64 days. Rather than using the RRF, most of facilities opted for their own forms to request NPTDs from EPSA. While it is advisable for all health facilities to maintain continuous availability of tracer drugs, this study revealed that the current state of non-program tracer drug availability falls short of meeting this expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a melamine-based covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized. Then its performance as a potential adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline (TC) was scrutinized by density functional theory computations. The theoretical results showed that TC interaction with COF is experimentally possible, exothermic, spontaneous, and thermodynamically favorable. The adsorption mechanism was checked out by natural bond orbital computations, the results of which demonstrated that TC interaction with COF is a physisorption process. The influence of temperature and the presence of the solvent was also investigated computationally, and the results showed that these parameters do not affect the interactions. Afterward, all effective operational parameters, including the amount of COF, agitation time, and pH, were optimized by the one-factor-at-a-time method to achieve the highest efficiency. Under optimum conditions, the experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips models. The TC adsorption behavior was well-described by the Sips isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 168.98 mg/g. The desorption process was also discussed, and a mixture of methanol and acetic acid was selected as the most suitable desorption solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline (TC) is a common antibiotic; when untreated TC enters the environment, it will cause a negative impact on the human body through the food chain. In the present study, MnO2/MCM-41@Fe3O4 (FeMnMCM) prepared using a hydrothermal and redox method and Camellia oleifera shell-activated carbon (COFAC) prepared through alkali activation were encapsulated using alginate (ALG) and calcium chloride as a cross-linking matrix to give the composite beads COFAC–FeMnMCM–ALG. The resultant COFAC–FeMnMCM–ALG composite beads were then carefully characterized, showing a high immobilization of MnO2/MCM-41@Fe3O4, with porous COFAC as an effective bioadsorbent for enriching the pollutants in the treated samples. These bead catalysts were subsequently applied to the oxidative degradation of TC in a Fenton oxidation system. Several parameters affecting the degradation were investigated, including the H2O2 concentration, catalyst dosage, initial TC concentration, and temperature. A very high catalytic activity towards the degradation of TC was demonstrated. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching results showed that ·OH and ·O2− were generated in the system, with ·OH as the main radical species. In addition, the COFAC–FeMnMCM–ALG catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability/reusability. We conclude that the as-prepared COFAC–FeMnMCM–ALG composite beads, which integrate MnO2 and Fe3O4 with bioadsorbents, provide a new idea for the design of catalysts for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and have great potential in the Fenton oxidation system to degrade toxic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Coordinative Fe-N x improved the catalytic ability of FeOCN for photo-Fenton process. • The consumption of H 2 O 2 was reduced in the photo-Fenton process over FeOCN. • FeOCN showed high catalytic performance for tetracycline degradation. • The improved charge separation favored Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion. • FeOCN exhibited wide applicable pH range and anti-interference ability to anions. Tetracycline (TC) antibiotics have been widely used over the past decades, and their massive discharge led to serious water pollution. Photo-Fenton process has gained ever-increasing attention for its excellent oxidizing ability and friendly solar energy utilization ability in TC polluted water treatment. This work introduced coordinative Fe into oxygen-enriched graphite carbon nitride (OCN) to form FeOCN composites for efficient photo-Fenton process. Hemin was chosen as the source to provide the source of coordinative Fe-N x groups. The degradation efficiency of TC reached 82.1 % within 40 min of irradiation, and remained 76.9 % after five runs of reaction. The degradation intermediates of TC were detected and the possible degradation pathways were gained. It was found that h+, OH, and O 2 − played major roles in TC degradation. Notably, the photo-Fenton performance of FeOCN was stable in highly saline water or strong acid/base environment (pH 3.0–9.0). Besides, H 2 O 2 can be generated in-situ in this photo-Fenton process, which is favorable for practical application. It can be anticipated that the coordinative FeOCN composites will promote the application of photo-Fenton oxidation process in TC polluted water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a feasible and economical method of constructing biomass-based multifunctional photocatalysts with excellent adsorption performance and high photodegradation abilities toward tetracycline (TC) and methyl blue (MB) under visible light. A series of novel hybrids of porous graphitic carbon embedded with Fe2O3/Fe3O4 nanocrystals (denoted as Fe2O3/Fe3O4@C) were derived from lichen doped with different dosages of Fe3+ by calcination at 700°C under a N2 atmosphere. The Fe2O3/Fe3O4@C hybrids exhibited nanoflake-like shapes, mesoporous structures, and efficient visible light harvesting, thus indicating enhanced adsorption ability and photoactivity toward pollutants. The formed Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterojunction improved the separation efficiency and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers, whereas the carbon network improved the transfer of photogenerated electrons. Under optimised conditions, the Fe2O3/Fe3O4@C-1 hybrid demonstrated enhanced photodegradation efficiencies of 96.4% for TC and 100% for MB under visible light. In addition, electron spin resonance and trapping measurements were performed to identify active species and determine the photocatalytic mechanism toward pollutants. •O2− and •OH were the active species involved, playing critical roles in the TC and MB photodegradation processes. In addition, a bacterium test revealed that the products of TC degradation by Fe2O3/Fe3O4@C-1 showed low biological toxicity. This work provides a promising preparation strategy or biomass-based photocatalysts for application in environmental pollutant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics in the aquatic environment are of great concern as novel contaminants. In this study, we investigated the occurrence, distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment of antibiotics in an interconnected river–wetland–lake system. Thirty-three target antibiotics, including sulfonamides (SAs), macrolides (MLs), fluoroquinolones (FQs), tetracyclines (TCs), and chloramphenicol (CLs) belong to five common groups of antibiotics, were tested from water samples collected in the Panlong River, Xinghai Wetland, and Lake Dian (or Dianchi). Mass spectrophotometry was used to detect the target antibiotics, and the water quality parameters were measured in situ. We found four antibiotics, lincomycin (LIN), trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and ofloxacin (OFL), with relatively low concentrations at the ng/L level, and detection rates among sample sites ranged from 42.3% to 76.9%, with maximum concentrations of 0.71 ng/L~5.53 ng/L. TMP was not detected in the Panlong River but appeared in the wetlands and Lake Dian. Midstream urban areas of the Panlong River showed the highest pollution among sites. Antibiotic concentrations were positively correlated with total nitrogen (TN) (p < 0.05) and showed some negative correlation with pH, salinity, and DO. According to the risk assessment, antibiotics in water do not pose a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems, but a potentially harmful combined effect cannot be excluded. Our research offers a geographical summary of the distribution of antibiotics in urban river, wetland, and lake ecosystems in the plateau (PWL), which is important for predicting the distribution characteristics of antibiotics in the plateau water environment and establishing a standardized antibiotic monitoring and management system for the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron-based catalysts are environmentally friendly, and iron minerals are abundant in the earth's crust, with great potential advantages for PMS-based advanced oxidation process applications. However, homogeneous Fe2+/PMS systems suffer from side reactions and are challenging to reuse. Therefore, developing catalysts with improved stability and activity is a long-term goal for practical Fe-based catalyst applications. In this study, we prepared Fe-HNTs nanoreactors by encapsulating a nitrogen-doped carbon layer with one-dimensional halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) using the molten salt-assisted method. Subsequently, Fe (Co, Ni) nanoclusters were anchored onto the nitrogen-doped carbon layer at a relatively low temperature (550℃), resulting in stable and uniform distribution of metal nanoclusters on the surface of HNTs carriers in the form of Fe-Nx coordination. The results showed that the dissolution of the molten salt and leaching of post-treated metal oxides generated numerous mesopores within the Fe-HNTs nanoreactor, leading to a specific surface area more than 10 times that of HNTs. This enhanced mass transfer capability facilitates rapid pollutant removal while exposing more active sites. Remarkably, Fe-HNTs adsorbed up to 97% of tetracycline within 60 min. In the Fe-HNTs/PMS system, the predominant reactive oxygen species has been shown to be 1O2, and the added tetracycline was degraded by more than 98% within 5 min. The removal of tetracycline was maintained above 96% in the presence of interfering factors such as wide pH (3–11) and inorganic anions (5 mM Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, and SO42−). The investigated mechanism suggests that efficient degradation and interference resistance of the Fe-HNTs/PMS system is attributed to the synergistic effect between the rapid adsorption of porous structure and the non-radical (1O2)-dominated degradation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor conductivity, poor stability, and agglomeration of iron-based metal organic framework MIL-88A(Fe) limit its application as persulfate (PS) activator in water purification. Herein, MXene-supported MIL-88A(Fe) composites (M88A/MX) were synthesized to enhance its adsorption and catalytic capability for tetracycline (TC) removal. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize prepared materials, confirming the successful attachment of MIL-88A(Fe) to the surface of MXene. M88A/MX-0.2 composites, prepared with 0.2 g MXene addition, exhibit optimal degradation efficiency, reaching 98% under conditions of 0.2 g/L M88A/MX-0.2, 1.0 mM PS, 20 ppm TC, and pH 5. The degradation rate constants of M88A/MX-0.2 were 0.03217 min−1, which was much higher than that of MIL-88A(Fe) (0.00159 min−1) and MXene (0.00626 min−1). The removal effects of reaction parameters, such as dosage of M88A/MX-0.2 and PS; initial solution pH; and the presence of the common co-existing constituents (humic acid and the inorganic anions) were investigated in detail. Additionally, the reuse of M88A/MX-0.2 showed that the composites had good cycling stability by recurrent experiments. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments indicated that ·OH, ·SO4−, and ·O2− were involved in the M88A/MX-0.2/PS system where persulfate oxidation process was activated with prepared M88A/MX-0.2. In addition, the intermediates of photocatalytic degradation were determined by HPLC–MS, and the possible degradation pathways of the target molecules were inferred. This study offered a new avenue for sulfate-based degradation of Fe-based metal organic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the photo-induced charge separation efficiency is an important route for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of ZnIn 2 S 4. In this research, an S-scheme heterojunction comprising ZnIn 2 S 4 and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S was successfully formed using a facile oil-bath method followed by a subsequent hydrothermal process. The Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/ZnIn 2 S 4 composites displayed enhanced photocatalytic activities during H 2 generation and tetracycline (TC) degradation. Among the composite materials, the Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/ZnIn 2 S 4 -20 wt% hybrid nanomaterial demonstrates a superior visible-light hydrogen evolution rate of 780 μmol g−1·h−1 and a TC degradation activity of 98% with excellent reusability, which are nearly 5.77 and 5.76 times greater than those of ZnIn 2 S 4 , respectively. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of the Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/ZnIn 2 S 4 hybrids can be ascribed to the well-designed S-scheme heterojunction. This design accelerates interfacial charge separation, increases the specific surface area, and broadens the visible light response range. This research paves the way for developing ZnIn 2 S 4 -based dual-function systems with greatly improved charge separation, leading to high-efficiency photocatalytic activity. • Bifunctional photocatalysts composed of ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S nanoparticles were effectively synthesized. • Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/ZnIn 2 S 4 demonstrated a wide visible light response range, strong carrier migration, and separation rates. • Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/ZnIn 2 S 4 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for TC degradation and H 2 evolution. • The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic efficacy and reasonable degradation pathways of TC were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using banana peel as raw material, the composite material CuFe2O4@BC was synthesised and used it to activate peracetic acid (PAA) to remove tetracycline (TC) in water. The crystal phase, morphology, and chemical bonding of the composite were analysed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, XPS, and other characterisation techniques. In the degradation experiments, CuFe2O4@BC showed high catalytic activity and found that the best dosage ratio of CuFe2O4@BC and PAA is 300 mg/L: 3 mmol/L, and under this condition, the removal rate of TC in 60 min reached 85%. CuFe2O4@BC showed degradation effect in a wide pH range, and the catalytic activity was found to be the best under acidic conditions. At the same time, after five cycles of test, the composite still maintained more than 80% of TC removal rate. The free radical quenching experiments proved that the main active species in the reaction were •OH, CH3COO• and CH3COOO•. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fe/BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by one-pot solvent method. • Synergistic effect exists between Fe3+ doping and BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunction. • Fe3+ promotes the production of porous structures and the adsorption of pollutants. • Fe/BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 could effectively degrade TCH in water under visible light. It is important to investigate whether combining two modification strategies has a synergistic effect on the activity of photocatalysts. In this manuscript, Fe-doped BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunctions were synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method, and excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in water without the addition of surfactant. Combining experiments and characterization, the synergistic effect between Fe ion doping and the BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunction was elucidated. The Fe/BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 composite photocatalyst had a beneficial void structure, enhanced visible light response, and could inhibit the recombination of photogenerated support well, which improved the photocatalytic activity. The presented experiments demonstrate that Fe/BiOBr/Bi 2 WO 6 removes 97% of TCH from aqueous solution, while pure BiOBr and Bi 2 WO 6 only remove 56% and 65% of TCH, respectively. Finally, the separation and transfer mechanisms of photoexcited carriers were determined in conjunction with the experimental results. This study provides a new direction for the design of efficient photocatalysts through the use of a dual co-modification strategy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]