Search

Transverse and radial flow measurements are presented for Λ hyperons along with Λ-P correlations from Au + Au collisions at AGS energies. The flow measurements are compared with those of co-produced protons. The measurements indicate that Λ hyperons flow consistently in the same direction as protons but with a smaller magnitude for all beam energies. Comparisons with RQMD calculations show that the experimentally determined Λ sideward flow is consistently larger compared with the calculated value obtained from scattering processes only. The experimental transverse flow ratio Λ/P is consistent with predictions ( 2/3) of the quark counting rule at 2 A GeV but is found to decrease with increasing beam energy. These observations may be related to the detailed features of the Λ-nucleon potential for the nuclear densities produced. At 6 A GeV, Λp correlation functions are observed to be essentially flat (within statistical uncertainty), indicating little or no correlation between Λs and co-produced protons. This suggests that Λs may have a spacetime emission pattern which is different from that for protons. Further evidence from radial flow measurements also indicates that 6 A GeV Λ hyperons (at mid-rapidity) do not share the same emitting source characteristics as co-produced protons.

The aim of the MuCap experiment is a 1% measurement of the singlet capture rate Lambda_S for the basic electro-weak reaction mu + p -> n + nu_mu. This observable is sensitive to the weak form-factors of the nucleon, in particular to the induced pseudoscalar coupling constant g_P. It will provide a rigorous test of theoretical predictions based on the Standard Model and effective theories of QCD. The present method is based on high precision lifetime measurements of mu^- in hydrogen gas and the comparison with the free mu^+ lifetime. The mu^- experiment will be performed in ultra-clean, deuterium-depleted H_2 gas at 10 bar. Low density compared to liquid H_2 is chosen to avoid uncertainties due to ppmu formation. A time projection chamber acts as a pure hydrogen active target. It defines the muon stop position in 3-D and detects rare background reactions. Decay electrons are tracked in cylindrical wire-chambers and a scintillator array covering 75% of 4 pi. Comment: Int. RIKEN Conf. on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms, April 2001, Shimoda, Japan, to be published in Hyperfine Interactions

A new experiment is under preparation with the aim to improve considerably the present knowledge of the rate Lambda(s), which should be measured on a level of 1% or better, for the basic electroweak capture reaction of a negative muon on the free proton mup(1s) --> n + nu(mu). The capture rate will be determined by measuring the lifetime of mu(-) stopped in ultra pure hydrogen at 10 bar pressure and comparing it with the lifetime of the unbound mu(+). A new experimental method was developed for this project which should allow measuring the mu(-) lifetime with at least 10 ppm precision. The basic element of the detector is operating in the hydrogen gas time projection chamber (TPC) surrounded by multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs) and scintillator counters. The arrival times and trajectories of the incoming muons and the outgoing decay electrons are measured with this device providing effective suppression of background. Using the TPC as an active target, we can monitor on-line the protium contamination by impurities with a sensitivity better than 10(-8). This can be done by detecting the charged products of the muon capture reaction on these impurities. It was demonstrated that the TPC and MWPCs can operate in pure hydrogen under 10 bar pressure providing gas gain up to 10 000.

Measurements of two-body branching ratios for p p annihilations at rest in liquid and gaseous (12 ρ STP ) hydrogen are reported. Channels studied are p p →π 0 π 0 ,π 0 η , K 0 S K 0 L , K + K − . The branching ratio for the π 0 π 0 channel in liquid H 2 is measured to be ( 6.14±0.40)×10 −4 . The results are compared with those from other experiments. The fraction of P-state annihilation for a range of target densities from 0.002 ρ STP to liquid H 2 is determined. Values obtained include 0.11±0.02 in liquid H 2 and 0.48±0.04 in 12 ρ STP H 2 gas.

Detection of corrosion, under paint and primer, in various metallic structural components, particularly when used in moist and salty environments is an important practical concern. Moreover, nondestructive testing techniques that do not require paint removal are desired. Near-field microwave nondestructive inspection techniques, employing open-ended rectangular waveguide probes, have shown tremendous potential for detecting and evaluating the presence of corrosion under paint in steel substrates. The objective of this investigation has been to investigate the potential of these techniques for detecting corrosion under paint and primer in aluminum substrates. To accomplish this goal, an electromagnetic formulation, simulating detection of corrosion in layered structure using open-ended rectangular waveguide probes, was used to gain an insight into the functionality of measurement parameters such as the frequency of operation and standoff distance. In conjunction with this simulation, the dielectric properties of paint, primer, real and chemically produced aluminum oxide were measured in a wide range of microwave frequencies (2.6–18 GHz). The results showed that the dielectric properties of paint, primer and aluminum oxide are very similar to each other. Subsequently, the theoretical simulation was conducted in a wide frequency band (8.2–40 GHz). The overall result of the simulation effort was that higher frequencies and standoff distances of a few mm are more optimal for detecting thin corrosion layers under paint. Two specially prepared aluminum panels with induced areas of corrosion and surface pitting were produced as well. Using these panels and several phase sensitive measurement systems, experiments were conducted producing 2-D images of various areas of these panels. Images were produced at different standoff distances and at frequencies of 9, 11.725, 24.1, and 33.5 GHz. The overall results of the experimental investigation were extremely promising when detecting the thin regions of corrosion in these panels. This paper presents the approach and results of this investigation.

During 1994–1996, a series of μCF experiments were performed at PSI by the PSI-PNPI-IMEP-LBNL-TUM collaboration. These experiments aimed at high-precision studies of the d–μ–d fusion in D2 and HD gases in a wide temperature range. The Gatchina ionization time projection chamber has been used to detect the dd-fusion reaction products. The main parameters of the d–μ–d fusion have been measured with high absolute precision. In this report, we present the results of the final analysis of the experimental data. The obtained results are compared with the calculations based on a recent μCF-theory.

We have measured the sideward flow of neutral strange (K{sup 0}{sub s} ) mesons in 6A GeV Au +Au collisions. A prominent antiflow signal is observed for an impact parameter range (b(less-or-similar sign)7 fm ) which spans central and midcentral events. Since the K{sup 0}{sub s} scattering cross section is relatively small in nuclear matter, this observation suggests that the in-medium kaon vector potential plays an important role in high density nuclear matter. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

Using the large acceptance Time Projection Chamber of experiment E895 at Brookhaven, measurements of collective sideward flow in Au+Au collisions at beam energies of 2A, 4A, 6A, and 8A GeV are presented in the form of in-plane transverse momentum and the first Fourier coefficient of azimuthal anisotropy v(1). These measurements indicate a smooth variation of sideward flow as a function of beam energy. The data are compared with four nuclear transport models which have an orientation towards this energy range. All four exhibit some qualitative trends similar to those found in the data, although none show a consistent pattern of agreement within experimental uncertainties.

We present the first excitation function of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ intensity interferometry at Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) energies (2--8 A GeV). The sensitivity of the multidimensional correlation functions to the geometry and dynamics of the pion-emitting system provides a stringent test of transport models of heavy ion collisions. Detailed comparisons with a realistic transport model, both with and without an explicit nuclear mean field, suggest that the beam energy evolution in the reaction dynamics is different in the model than in the data. A significantly increased ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ emission time scale, which has been suggested as a signal of the onset of the transition to quark-gluon plasma, is not observed.

The rho mass, width and line shape in p(over)-bar-p annihilation at rest into pi(+)pi(-)pi(0)

We present some of the latest results from the E895 experiment conducted at the BNL AGS accelerator. Au+Au collisions were recorded by the EOS Time Projection Chamber (TPC) at beam energies of 2, 4, 6, and 8 A GeV. The TPC detector permitted the reconstruction of individual collision events with almost 4π acceptance and good particle identification. This capability allowed E895 to study global observables and two particle correlations with respect to symmetries of the event. Flow excitation functions are examined and discussed in the context of the Nuclear Equation of State.

We have measured the proton elliptic flow excitation function for the Au + Au system spanning the beam energy range 2 -- 8 AGeV. The excitation function shows a transition from negative to positive elliptic flow at a beam energy, $E_{tr} \sim$ 4 AGeV. Detailed comparisons with calculations from a relativistic Boltzmann-equation are presented. The comparisons suggest a softening of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) from a stiff form (K \sim 380 MeV) at low beam energies (E_{Beam} \le 2 AGeV) to a softer form (K \sim 210 MeV) at higher energies (E_{Beam} \ge $ 4 AGeV) where the calculated baryon density $ \rho \sim 4 \rho_0$.

Objective: Our purpose was to identify temporal and stage-specific expression of endometrial genes during coculture with trophoblast cells. Study Design: Endometrial stromal cells were cultured to confluence in the presence of estradiol and progesterone. During these culture conditions the gene expression of 1 tissue specimen that secreted abundant prolactin (415 ng/mL culture medium at 21 days) was compared with a second specimen that did not. These 2 tissues were coincubated with trophoblast tissue in a specialized coculture flask. After 4 and 24 hours of culture messenger ribonucleic acid was extracted and reverse transcribed, and the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid products were amplified by polymerase chain reactions. The reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction products were separated by electrophoresis, and potentially important complementary deoxyribonucleic acid fragments were reamplified, inserted into a plasmid vector, and sequenced after recovery. Sequences were submitted for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches of GenBank. Results: We observed up-regulation of 6 gene fragments in decidualized endometrium after 4 hours of coculture with choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblast BeWo cells, but only 1 gene fragment was up-regulated after 24 hours of exposure. Conversely, 2 fragments were down-regulated in decidualized stroma that was exposed to BeWo for 4 hours and 2 fragments were underexpressed after the 24-hour exposure. In the parallel experiment stromal cells that failed to secrete prolactin did not elicit the same regulation of expression. The nondecidualized endometrium overexpressed 1 gene fragment after 4 hours of BeWo exposure and overexpressed 4 gene fragments after exposure to BeWo for 24 hours. Underexpression of gene products also occurred with the nondecidualized endometrium, and we observed 2 fragments and 1 fragment to be underexpressed after 4 and 24 hours of BeWo exposure, respectively. To date, 3 of the candidate differential display fragments from these experiments have been cloned and sequenced. An up-regulated fragment (C6225J4EB-1) was 99% identical (167/168 sequences) to a reported nonredundant expressed sequence tags isolated from muscle, brain, ovary, testis, liver, and pregnant uterus tissues. A second up-regulated fragment (C4375J4EB-1) matched 100% identity (117/117) with a reported gene fragment in the expressed sequence tags database of GenBank that was derived from fetal heart and pregnant uterus. Additional characterization of these expressed sequence tags has not been reported. The third up-regulated fragment (C4250J24EB-2) was 100% identical (265/265) to human reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase III in the nonredundant gene database of GenBank. Conclusion: This report demonstrates the potential usefulness that endometrial-trophoblast coculture and differential display can offer for the molecular analysis of implantation phenomena. We have recognized both overexpression and underexpression of interesting gene fragments during the early phases of endometrial responses to paracrine regulators derived from BeWo trophoblast cells. These responses appear to be specific to the degree of endometrial transformation (decidualization) before challenge by the trophoblast and to the duration of the BeWo exposure. Sequence data identified 1 gene with an unidentified function, another gene with a known function, and a fragment not previously recognized. We submit that our model of endometrial-trophoblast coculture offers a novel tool to test cellular responses during implantation, and differential display represents a sensitive technique that can identify many of the important elements of genomic signaling during nidation. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:806-14.)

We report on the results of an experiment aimed at observing muon-catalyzed d 3He-fusion with a setup previously used for studies of the muon-catalyzed dd-fusion. The basic element of the setup is a high pressure ionization chamber operating as an active target. In this experiment the chamber was filled with an HD + 3He (5.6%) gas mixture at 13.2 bar pressure and 50 K temperature. These conditions were chosen as optimal for formation of the 3Heμd-molecules with a low level of background from the d-μ-d fusion. The chamber was exposed to the negative muon beam at PSI. During a 3-week data-taking period, 9.7 × 108 muon stops have been selected. The analysis of the data was able to determine a new upper limit for the d 3He-fusion rate in the 3Heμd-molecule (λf≤ 6× 104 s-1), which is more than three orders of magnitude lower than the previously existed limit.

A partial wave analysis is presented of two high-statistics data samples of protonium annihilation into π 0 π 0 η in liquid and 12 atm gaseous hydrogen. The contributions from the 1 S 0 , 3 P 1 and 3 P 2 initial atomic fine structure states to the two data sets are different. The change of their fractional contributions when going from liquid to gaseous H 2 as calculated in a cascade model is imposed in fitting the data. Thus the uncertainty in the fraction of S-state and P-state capture is minimized. Both data sets allow a description with a common set of resonances and resonance parameters. The inclusion of a π η P-wave in the fit gives supportive evidence for the ρ (1405) , with parameters compatible with previous findings.

We present the results of precision measurements of dμ spin-flip rates in pure D2, in pure HD gas, and in the non-equilibrium and equilibrium H2+D2 gas mixtures. The experiments were performed at PSI in 1994-1996 using the high pressure ionization chamber from Gatchina as a 100% efficient detector of the charged fusion products. The measurements have been carried out in the temperature range 28-300 K, at gas density of 5% of LHD. In pure deuterium, the measured temperature dependence of the spin-flip rate allowed us to separate the two components (resonant and non-resonant) of the spin-flip processes. From the experiments in H/D mixtures we have measured the non-resonant spin-flip rate in collisions of dμ-atoms with HD molecules. Comparison with the theory revealed considerable disagreement in the case of non-resonant spin-flip in collisions of the dμ-atoms with D2 molecules.

We present the results of an experiment performed at PSI to investigate muon catalyzed fusion in pure deuterium gas of 5% density (LHD) at temperatures ranging from 28 K to 350 K. Using a new high pressure ionization chamber the reactions dd → n + 3He and dd → p+t were observed with 100% detection efficiency. The rates of dμd formation were measured with the absolute precision of 1% and the μd spin-flip rates with 0.5%. The temperature dependence of molecular formation and spin-flip rates display pronounced resonance structures. A preliminary fit based on the Vesman mechanism of resonant muonic molecule formation was carried out yielding a dd fusion rate of 3.5·108 s-1 and a hfs splitting energy \(\delta \varepsilon _{d\mu d} \) of 24.3 meV, both in good agreement with the theory.

The results of an experiment on muon catalyzed dd-fussion in HD gas are presented. The experiment was performed at the muon beam of PSI using a high-pressure ionization chamber filled with pure HD-gas of low D2 concentration on the level 1%, at temperatures 50, 150 and 300 K. The non-resonant character of ddμ-molecule formation on HD molecules was confirmed by measuring the ratio of yields of the two ddμ-fusion channels, R=Y(3He,n)/Y(3H,p), which proved to be close to unity. The ddμ formation rate was found to vary from λddμ-HD=0.05· 106 s-1 at T=50 K to λddμ-HD=0.12· 106 s-1 at T=300 K, in agreement with the theoretical prediction. A prominent peak at t

The muon transfer rate $$(\tilde \lambda _{d{\text{ }}^{\text{3}} {\text{He}}} )$$ from deuterium to 3 at temperatures of 39.5 K and 50.0 K, respectively, has been determined as a by-product of the experiment aimed to search for muon catalyzed d 3He-fusion. The measurements were performed in the muon beam at PSI with a multi-anode high pressure ionization chamber as a target and detector of the incoming muons and the charged reaction products. The chamber was filled with the HD + 3He(5.6%) gas mixture of 9.21% LHD density. The analysis of time distributions of dd-fusion events was able to determine the transfer rates: $$\tilde \lambda _{d{\text{ }}^{\text{3}} {\text{He}}} $$ (50 K)=(2.32± 0.09)× 108 s-1, $$\tilde \lambda _{d{\text{ }}^{\text{3}} {\text{He}}} $$ (39.5 K)=(2.33± 0.16)·108 s-1. These values, normalized to liquid hydrogen density (LHD, 4.25· 1022 atoms/cm3), significantly exceed the transfer rates at room temperature, in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Muon capture on hydrogen gives a unique possibility for a measurement of the pseudo-scalar form factor gp(qc2 = -0.88 mμ2) of the nucleonic weak current, thus providing a sensitive test of the QCD chiral symmetry perturbation theory which predicts the value of this form factor with a precision of Δgp/gp≃ 2%. For adequate comparison with theory, the muon capture rate Λc should be measured with a precision of ΔΛc/Λc ≤ 1%, that is an order of magnitude better than the precision of the present world data. We report on the project of an experiment designed to provide the required precision. Also, we present the final result of our previous experiment on a high precision measurement of the μ3He capture rate and compare this result with the PCAC prediction.

cDNA encoding Chironomus thummi ssp160 was used to isolate a genomic clone that hybridized in situ to band A2b on polytene chromosome IV, the site of the ssp160 gene. DNA sequencing, primer extension and gene/cDNA nucleotide sequence alignment revealed the gene contains six exons and five introns; 70% of ssp160 is encoded in exon 3. Variations between cDNA and gene sequences led to the design of a polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that was subsequently used to demonstrate the existence of polymorphic alleles whose distribution varied between geographically separated populations of larvae. The polymorphism is associated with codon deletions in a six-amino-acid repeat containing an N-linked glycosylation motif. These deletions may have resulted from slipped-strand mispairing during DNA replication.

The E895 collaboration has undertaken a systematic and exclusive study of Au+Au collisions between 2–8 A GeV. We present preliminary results on collective flow observables as a function of beam energy. Data are compared with theoretical predictions.

We present a measurement and partial wave analysis of the final state ${K}_{L}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ of $\overline{p}p$ annihilation at rest in liquid hydrogen. This reaction is important for the study of the $\overline{K}K$ decay mode of scalar resonances, in particular, the isovectors ${a}_{0}(980)$ and ${a}_{0}(1450).$ The determination of the ${a}_{0}(1450)$ production also fixes the $\overline{K}K$ coupling of the isoscalar ${f}_{0}(1500)$ which is discussed as a glueball. We find $B(\overline{p}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{a}_{0}(1450)\ensuremath{\pi}{;a}_{0}(1450)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{K}K)=(8.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.68)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and hence $B(\overline{p}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{f}_{0}(1500)\ensuremath{\pi}{;f}_{0}(1500)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{K}K)=(4.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}.$ The mass and width of ${a}_{0}(1450)$ are $m=1480\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30\mathrm{MeV}{/c}^{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=265\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\mathrm{MeV}{/c}^{2},$ respectively. For ${a}_{0}(980)$ we determine the relative ratio $B(\overline{p}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{a}_{0}\ensuremath{\pi}{;a}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{K}K)/B(\overline{p}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{a}_{0}\ensuremath{\pi}{;a}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\eta})$ =0.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 and its relative coupling, $\overline{K}K$ to \ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\eta}, is $1.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14.$

With antiprotons stopped in liquid deuterium, the p n annihilation channel π−π0η was studied using a final sample of 52 576 events obtained for a spectator proton momentum q q quantum numbers IG=1−, JPC=1−+. The extracted Breit-Wigner resonance parameters are m=(1400±20±20) MeV/c2 and Γ=(310±50+50−30) MeV/c2.

Crystal Barrel data are presented on p−p → ηπ0π0π0 at rest in liquid hydrogen and also in gaseous hydrogen at 12 bar. Annihilation from the initial 3P0 state relative to 3P2 is stronger in liquid than in gas by a factor 2.46 ± 0.15, in fair agreement with a prediction by Batty. There is a definite peak due to η(1440). Liquid data determine its mass as M = 1413 MeV, Γ = 49 ± 8 MeV. The mass is, however, lower in gas than in liquid by 12 ± 3 MeV; we attribute this mass shift to interference with broad background amplitudes. The η (1440) decays dominantly to ησ: BR [a0(980)π,a0 → ηπ]/BR[ησ] = 0.4 ± 0.2. However, there is strong destructive interference between these two decay modes. There is also a strong, broad ηππ component with JPC = 0−+, consistent with an earlier analysis proposing a very wide η(1800) resonance; it contributes 31% of the ηπ0π0π0 branching ratio in liquid. At the highest ηππ masses, there are definite 2−+ and l++ signals, but we cannot establish precise resonance masses or widths. There is also evidence for the production of f2 (1565), decaying to a2 (1320)π.

The muon capture rate in the reaction mu- 3He -> nu + 3H has been measured at PSI using a modular high pressure ionization chamber. The rate corresponding to statistical hyperfine population of the mu-3He atom is (1496.0 +- 4.0) s^-1. This result confirms the PCAC prediction for the pseudoscalar form factors of the 3He-3H system and the nucleon., 13 pages, 6 PostScript figures

The π 0 momentum dependence of the decay η → π + π − π 0 has been measured with the Crystal Barrel detector. The analysis is based on 3230 events. The results of this independent measurement are compared to new chiral perturbation theory calculations and previous measurements.

The decay p p ( at rest ) → K L o K ± π ∓ π o , studied on a sample of more than 14000 events, is found to proceed dominantly via two-body channels containing resonances with open strangeness. Contributions from K 1 (1270) K and K 1 (1400) K , branching into the successive K1-decay modes, and from K ∗ K ∗ , K ∗ ( K π) s and (Kπ) s ( K π) s are extracted by means of a partial-wave analysis which accounts well for the data and also allows a search for weak contributions from other (Kππ) and from ( K K π ) resonances. Striking asymmetries between the charged and the neutral kaonic resonances give evidence for interfering isospin 0 and 1 annihilation amplitudes.

The annihilation channel p p →K + K − π 0 in liquid hydrogen at rest has been studied with the Crystal Barrel detector at LEAR. The measured branching ratio is: BR ( p p → K + K − π 0 )=(2.37±0.15)×10 −3 . A partial wave analysis shows that this reaction is dominated by the π (K K ) S , K K ∗ (892) and π φ (1020) intermediate states. Weak signals are observed for π a 2 (1320), π f 2 (1270), π f 2 ′(1525) and K(Kπ) S . A satisfactory description of the Dalitz plot requires the introduction of π (K K ) P intermediate states with at least one pole.

We have measured the branching ratio for the radiative decay ω → ηγ with ω mesons produced in antiproton-proton annihilation at rest into π0ω and ηω. Taking into account ϱ - ω mixing we find a branching ratio B(ω → ηγ) = (6.6 ± 1.7) × 10−4, in accord with the constructive interference solution in other experiments. The upper-limit for the direct radiative decay ω → 3γ is 1.9 × 10−4 at 95% confidence level.

The π + π − invariant mass distribution produced in p p annihilation at rest and recoiling against η mesons exhibits large interference between the amplitudes for ϱη and ωη production. The interference can be quantitatively described within the framework of ϱ-ω interference. We find full coherence between the ϱω-ωη production amplitudes and a vanishing relative production phase. The implications of this result for p p annihilation dynamics are discussed.

A partial wave analysis of pp → π0π0η′ has been performed using the η′ → π0π0η and η′ → γγ decay modes. The data are dominated by an η′ recoiling against the (ππ) S-wave. In addition, α2 (1320) → η′π0 is needed. There is evidence for contributions from α0(1450) → η′π0. The branching ratio of α0(1450) → η′π0 with respect to ηπ0 is consistent with the prediction of SU(3).

The distribution of m ( π + π − ) in the decay η ′ → π + π − γ has been measured with the Crystal Barrel detector. The results are based on a total of 7392 observed η′ decays. The box anomaly constant is extracted from this and its value is found to agree well with theoretical expectations. The pseudoscalar nonet parameters ( f 1 , f 8 and θ PS ) are determined. Finally, we find that there is a problem of consistency between QCD and the standard VDM assumption.

The California (Cal) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was isolated from layer flocks in southern California in the early 1980s. Since then, it has spread to the broiler-producing regions of central California, where it has been implicated in respiratory disease outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. Lack of a procedure for quickly identifying IBV serotypes in commercial chicken flocks has prevented the causal association of the IBV Cal serotype with respiratory disease outbreaks. A protein polymorphism has been identified in the matrix protein of the Cal serotype; it appears to be unique among other common serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus found in California. This polymorphism can be identified on western blots using raw or concentrated infectious allantoic fluid as the source material. Identification of the Cal serotype and of serotypes in the Mass and Conn groups can be performed rapidly using field samples from suspect flocks. The identification of this polymorphism provides an alternative method for the rapid identification of the Cal serotype of IBV.

Aquatic larvae of the midge, Chironomus tentans, synthesize a 185-kDa silk protein (sp185) with the cysteine-containing motif Cys-X-Cys-X-Cys (where X is any residue) every 20-28 residues. We report here the cloning and full-length sequence of cDNAs encoding homologous silk proteins from Chironomus pallidivittatus (sp185) and Chironomus thummi (sp220). Deduced amino acid sequences reveal proteins of nearly identical mass composed of 72 blocks of 20-28 residues, 61% of which can be described by the motif X5-8-Cys-X5-(Trp/Phe/Tyr)-X4-Cys-X-Cys-X-Cys. Spatial arrangement of these residues is preserved more than surrounding sequences. cDNA clones enabled us to map the genes on polytene chromosomes and identify for the first time the homolog of the Camptochironomus Balbiani ring 3 locus in Chironomus thummi. The apparent molecular weight difference between these proteins (185 vs 220 kDa) is not attributable to primary structure and may be due to differential N-linked glycosylation. DNA distances and codon substitutions indicate that the C. tentans and C. pallidivittatus genes are more related to each other than either is to C. thummi; however, substitution rates for the 5'- and 3'-halves of these genes are different. Blockwise sequence comparisons suggest intragenic variation in that some regions evolved slower or faster than the mean and may have been subjected to different selective pressures.

A study of p -annihilation in liquid deuterium into π − π 0 π 0 and a spectator-proton is presented. A cut on the proton-momentum of ≤ 100 MeV/ c ensures that annihilation takes place on a quasi-free neutron. A partial wave analysis shows contributions from three vector mesons, with masses and widths of (763.7 ± 3.2; 152.8 ± 4.3), (1411 ± 14; 343 ± 20); (1780 −29 +37 ; 275 ± 45) MeV/ c 2 , respectively.

Standards are one of the most efficient ways to prevent data silos, achieve system interoperability, and promote the value of data. Public health’s growing use of electronic data interchange lends increasing urgency to the need to adopt and promote standards, and to participate in standards development as a fully-engaged partner.

Recently, new technologies have made it possible to produce synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based microwave images in real-time by using different microwave imaging arrays. However, depending on the imaging array construction the data of interest may be corrupted by mutual coupling and poor isolation. SAR images created from this data have an increased level of artifacts. This paper presents a method for correcting or pre-processing the data by using correlation canceling technique and provides an analysis of three different estimates of the correction. Simulation results show the efficacy of this method, which is corroborated by experiment.

Generic lifecycle methodologies for object-oriented development have, to date, not given serious consideration to the need for persistence; either in terms of storage of objects in a relational database or in an objectbase. Here, consideration of traditional staged database design methodologies identifies features currently lacking in object-oriented lifecycle methodologies. A new generic methodology (or metamethodology) is proposed which offers more complete support for an information systems development involving persistent objects.

In this article we report the results of an experiment performed in 1993 at PSI. The goal was to determine the absolute rate of nuclear muon capture by3He. In the experiment we used a new technique recently developed at Gatchina. As a preliminary result from this experiment we obtainedλ c=(1496±3(stat)-3(syst)) s−1.

A new experiment was started at PSI aiming for high-precision and complete studies of dµd fusion in D2, HD and D2/H2 gas mixtures. A high-pressure ionization chamber surrounded by a set of neutron counters is used to observe dd-fusion at temperatures between 25 and 350 K. Here we report preliminary results from the first test run with pure D2 filling.

The triton energy spectrum of the muon capture reaction mu(3)He --> t + v(mu), where mu(3)He is the ground state of muonic He-3, has been measured by means of a high-pressure ionization chamber in order to investigate a possible heavy v admixture into the mu flavor with high sensitivity. The upper limit of the mu-heavy v(i) mixing matrix element squared was obtained to be U-mu i((2) less than or equal to 10(-3) for heavy neutrino masses in the range 25 less than or equal to E(ov) less than or equal to 75 MeV.

The rates of the breakup reactions Lambda B(He-3) and Lambda B(He-4) in nuclear muon capture by He-3 and He-4 have been measured. The measurements were performed on the muon beam of PSI with a multi-anode high-pressure ionization chamber filled with isotopically pure He-3 or He-4 at 120 bar. The chamber was used as a target and detector for both the incoming muons and for the charged reaction products (tritons, deuterons and protons) of the breakup reactions mu(-) + He-3 --> d + n + v(mu), p + 2n + v(mu) and mu(-) + He-4 --> t + n + v(mu), d + 2n + v(mu), p + 3n + v(mu). Our statistics, about 5 x 10(5) of breakup events, provides a possibility to improve the precision of evaluated rates. The preliminary results: Lambda(B)(He-3) = 720 +/- 70 s(-1), Lambda B(He-4) = 415 +/- 40 s(-1) are compared to theoretical predictions and to previous experiments.

We propose to study a number of open problems in ddµ and pdµ fusion using the new high-pressure ionization chamber for charged particle identification in coincidence with the n-/e-counter array for the detection of neutrons and µ-decay electrons. Our first objective will be a precise measurement of the absolute rates of resonant and non-resonant ddµ formation in D2 and HD-gases and their temperature dependence from 40 to 350 K. Both output channels of the dd-reaction:3He + n and t + p will be observed and their ratio sensitive to contributions of S and P-waves will be determined. Simultaneously, we shall investigate the pdµ-cycle and determine the absolute pd-fusion yields in different molecular H/D compositions, observing tritons from nuclear muon capture in3Heµ: pdµ →3Heµ + γ. We have developed a special system for the preparation of HD-gas with high concentration (96%) of HD and a purity (10−6).

Crystal Barrel data on p p → 5π 0 at rest are presented. Mass spectra for 2π0 combinations, 3π0 and 4π0 and decay angular distributions all differ significantly from phase space. We present several ways of fitting the data. All agree on the definite presence of the f0(1500), observed in its 4π0 decay mode. It can decay into ππ(1300) and into σσ where σ stands for the full ππ S-wave amplitude.

Data on\(\bar pp \to \eta \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \) taken at beam momenta of 1.2 and 1.94 GeV/c reveal evidence for twoI=0JPC=2−+ resonances inηππ. The first, at 1645±14(stat.)±15(syst.) MeV with width 180−21+40±25 MeV, decays toα2(1320)π withL=0. It may be interpreted as the\(q\bar q^1 \)D2 partner ofπ2(1670). A strong signal is also observed just above threshold inf2(1270)η withL=0. It is 11–22 times stronger than is expected for the high mass tail of the 1645 MeV resonance. It can be fitted as a second 2−+ resonance at 1875±20±35 MeV with width 200±25±45 MeV. A third resonance havingJPC=2++ is observed at 2135±20±45 MeV withΛ=250±25±45 MeV, decaying to botha2(1320)π andf2(1270)η withL=1. There is no evidence for resonances with decays toa0(980)π, ση orf0(980)η.