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Presents research findings concerning Japanese and U.S. preservice teachers' awareness of globalism and its impact on future teacher education. Included among the findings is the general agreement that schools can afford comprehensive views of the world and that global issues should be part of courses for teaching qualification. (GLR)

Background Behavioral activation therapy (BAT) directly addresses activities that individuals value most highly, and may be easily applicable to cancer patients. However, there is no established evidence of the use of BAT in this population. In this study, we examined the possibility of a BAT program for depression and anxiety in cancer patients. Case presentation We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of cancer patients with each of the following characteristics: 1) were outpatients or inpatients visiting the psycho-oncology division of the National Cancer Center Hospital in Japan; 2) met criteria for Major Depressive Disorder or Adjustment Disorders; and 3) participated in a BAT program. The primary outcome was the program completion percentage. Secondary outcomes were self-reported depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score), anxiety disorder status (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score), and clinical improvement (Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score) after the program. We analyzed both depression and anxiety by the matched paired t-test. Ten patients participated in the program, and nine completed it. One dropped out due to cognitive impairment secondary to brain metastasis. Both the PHQ-9 scores (pre: 14.4 (SD, 6.1); post: 5.1 (SD, 5.8)) and the GAD-7 scores (pre: 11.9 (SD, 4.9); post: 4.7 (SD, 5.5)) significantly improved after the program (PHQ-9: P = 0.0014; GAD-7: P = 0.0004). CGI-I scores ranged from 1 to 3, and all subjects except the patient who dropped out improved clinically. Among the ten patients, three distinctive cases could be observed as follows. Case 1; a 45-year-old housewife with breast cancer who did not agree to take antidepressants because of concerns about the side effects achieved remission without antidepressants and began to live an active life. Case 4; a 66-year-old housewife was so shocked after endometrial cancer diagnosis that she was absent-minded and her compliance with the assigned homework was poor, therefore, her depression did not improve much. Case 9; a 62-year-old man with laryngeal cancer who had recurrent anxiety. Increased business activity, on which he put great value, gradually allowed him to be able to live his life actively without concerns. Conclusions This study suggests that BAT would be effective for the depression and anxiety of cancer patients.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Dose of levothyroxine and the values of TSH, FT4 and FT3.

A high-throughput method was developed to analyze five barbiturates （phenobarbital, cyclobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, and thiopental） and a metabolite in human body samples using a new Monolithic C18 gel-packed Spin Tip and ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）-quadrupole-time-of-flight （Q-ToF） mass spectrometry （MS）. Plasma （20?l） or urine （100?l） samples spiked with the five barbiturates and 5-（4-methylphenyl）-5-phenylhydantoin （internal standard, IS） were mixed with distilled water. The mixture was extracted using the Monolithic C18 Spin Tip, and the analytes retained on the C18 phase were then eluted with methanol. The eluate was injected directly into an analytical column （Waters Acquity BEH C18, 50mm×2.1mm i.d., particle size 1.7?m）, and quantified by Q-ToF-MS with negative-ion electrospray ionization （ESI）. Good separation and clear peak shapes of the five drugs were achieved within an analysis time of 6min, including the extraction time. All drugs spiked in the plasma showed recoveries of 86-98％. The regression equations for the five drugs showed excellent linearities in the range of 5-500ng/20?l of plasma, with limits of detection and i-Fit of 1ng/20?l. The method was also successfully applied to determine the level of amobarbital and its metabolite in human plasma and urine, respectively, after oral administration to a volunteer. This new method could be applied widely in the clinical and forensic fields for the quantitative determination of drugs and metabolites.