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This research involved top-down dealumination and steam treatment methods to design the hierarchical pores of ZSM-5, which is then wet-impregnated with a Fe-Co. This method overcomes the steric barrier that hinders the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process and makes the catalyst hydrophobic, thereby allowing it to overcome the biphasic hindrance caused by the difference in polarity between the fuel oil and the oxidant. Characterization of the catalyst's properties based on BET and BJH, XRF, and contact angle, as well as testing its performance on DBT model oil in n-hexadecane and Indonesian commercial diesel were conducted. Simulation of the reaction energy profile using density functional theory calculations was also carried out to deepen insight into the mechanism of the reaction. Results of this study show that the catalyst has excellent catalytic reactivity in the long-chain hydrocarbon ODS process, with a TOF number of 183 h−1.

Indonesian has become the official language of the UN. Many BIPA students want to learn Indonesian online. However, online learning creates obstacles such as time differences between teachers and BIPA students, internet connections, and providing less than optimal feedback. This research aims to develop m-learning with automatic feedback for BIPA level 2 learners. This research uses a 4D development model: define, design, develop and deploy. This study's instrument is a questionnaire distributed to 2 validators and 18 BIPA learners. The results of this study are m-learning products that minimize internet connections; once installed, students only need to be connected to the internet when working on questions. In addition, m-learning is also equipped with automatic feedback that appears immediately after students answer questions. The results of the product trial show that students can use m-learning to learn anytime and anywhere, including in areas with minimal internet access. Automatic feedback in m-learning also helps students learn independently because they do not need to wait for feedback from teachers. The automatic feedback in M-learning is only for listening and reading questions while speaking and writing questions are still in the form of answer keywords or assessment rubrics that the teacher must correct. Based on expert validation and product trials with an average score of 88.8, we conclude that the development of m-learning is suitable for BIPA level 2 students.

Landslides are common in Indonesia, often caused by factors like heavy rainfall and high soil moisture levels. The Batubrak mini hydro power plant intake area in Lampung province of Indonesia has experienced landslides, prompting the need for an early warning system. This study presents the development of a cost-effective and efficient real-time landslide monitoring and warning system. The system incorporates sensors to measure accelerometer and vibration parameters, enabling real-time data display through a wireless sensor network and SCADA software. Early warnings are issued when triggers are activated. Three sensor nodes were deployed in the intake area for testing, demonstrating their ability to detect, collect, process, and transmit accelerometer and vibration data to the gateway node.

Stunting pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di banyak negara, terutama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Kecamatan Wonoasih memiliki 6 kelurahan dimana Kelurahan Sumbertaman memiliki tingkat prevalensi stunting paling tinggi. Bagi pemangku kepentingan hal ini agak aneh karena Kelurahan Sumbertaman secara lokasi relatif perkotaan, tingkat ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan yang lebih memadai dibandingkan dengan kelurahan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah guna mengetahui lebih detail penyebab terjadinya balita stunting dan tindakan yang tepat untuk mencegah dan mengatasinya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan suatu platform yang bisa menyediakan kebutuhan tersebut, yaitu Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) yang dapat menyajikan informasi pemetaan balita stunting secara lebih rinci, yakni pemetaan tingkat prevalensi stunting dengan menampilkan warna yang berbeda sesuai tinggi rendahnya tingkat prevalensi stunting dan juga menampilkan titik lokasi (geolocation) dari penyandang stunting untuk mengetahui sebaran dari penyandang stunting. Geolocation sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui titik koordinat alamat penyandang stunting sehingga memudahkan dalam pencarian di lapangan dan diperlukan oleh stake holder sebagai bahan analisis di titik lokasi mana saja stunting itu terjadi. Dengan penerapan Sistem Informasi Geografis pada pemetaan dan monitoring balita stunting, stakeholder dapat bekerja lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga membantu menurunkan tingkat prevelansi stunting di wilayah Kecamatan Wonoasih.

This study explores the influential factors shaping tourists' perceptions and intentions toward destinations in the context of contemporary tourism management and marketing strategies. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research examines the relationships among destination credibility, user-generated content (UGC), engagement and interaction on social media, influencer endorsements, tourist destination perception, and intentions to visit. The study collected data from 982 respondents, predominantly from Generation Z and Millennials, through online surveys distributed on social media platforms. The findings reveal that destination credibility significantly affects tourist perceptions, underscoring the importance of trust and transparency in destination marketing. Similarly, UGC and engagement on social media platforms play crucial roles in shaping perceptions, highlighting the democratization of travel information and the influence of peer-generated content. Influencer endorsements emerged as potent drivers of destination perception, reflecting their role as credible sources of information and opinion in travel decision-making. These findings contribute theoretically by expanding knowledge on the dynamics of tourist decision-making and practically by offering insights for destination marketers to enhance visitor experiences and competitiveness. This study underscores the evolving landscape of destination marketing in the digital age, emphasizing the critical roles of credibility, user-generated content, social media engagement, and influencer endorsements in shaping tourist perceptions and behaviours. Future research could delve deeper into the emotional and psychological dimensions of tourist decision-making and explore emerging trends in digital communication channels to refine destination marketing strategies further.

Volatility is a key indicator in assessing risk when making investment decisions. In the world of financial markets, volatility reflects the degree to which the value of a financial asset fluctuates over a given period. The most common way to measure the future loss potential of an investment is through volatility. Focusing on the Realized GJR (RealGJR) volatility model, which consists of return, conditional volatility, and measurement equations, this study proposes the RealGJR-CJ model developed by decomposing the exogenous variable in the volatility equation of RealGJR into continuous C and discontinuous (jump) J variables. The decomposition of exogenous variables makes the RealGJR-CJ model follow realistic financial markets, where the asset volatility is a continuous process with some jump components. As an empirical illustration, the models are applied to an index in the Japanese stock market, namely Tokyo Stock Price Index, covering from January 2004 to December 2011. The observed exogenous variable in the volatility equation of RealGJR models is Realized Volatility (RV), which is calculated using intraday data with time intervals of 1 and 5 minutes. Adaptive Random Walk Metropolis method was employed in Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the model parameters by updating the parameters during sampling based on previous samples from the chain. From the results of running the MCMC algorithm 20 times, the mean of the information criteria of competing models is significantly different based on standard deviation and the result suggests that the model with continuous and jump variables can improve the model without jump. The best fit model is provided by RealGJR-CJ with the adoption of 1-minute RV data.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chest girth, body length, and sex with body weight and average daily gain (ADG) in Batur lambs. The study sample consisted of 12 male and 8 female Batur lambs, aged 5 to 12 months, with an average body weight of 23.97 kg. Data were collected through a survey study using a random sampling method. The variables measured included chest girth, body length, sex, body weight, and ADG. The results demonstrated that: (1) the regression equation for chest girth on body weight was Y= -50.47 + 1.02CG (r = 0.91, R2 = 0.82); (2) the regression equation for body length on body weight was Y= -64.19 + 1.58BL (r = 0.88, R2 = 0.78); (3) the multiple regression equation for chest girth and body length on body weight was Y = -62.08 + 0.65CG + 0.69BL (r = 0.93, R2 = 0.85). These results indicate a very strong positive correlation between chest girth, body length, and body weight, suggesting that body weight in Batur lambs can be accurately predicted using these variables. However, ADG was not significantly correlated with chest girth or body length due to a low coefficient of determination.

This study aims to investigate the impact of soft skills in mediating the relationship between risk management competence and job readiness in students in Yogyakarta. The independent campus learning program is expected to be able to bridge students in preparing for their future. One of the curricula in universities, especially accounting majors, is related to understanding risk management competencies. This analysis is carried out on students majoring in accounting who have obtained lessons related to risk management. This study used random sampling through data collection. Warp PLS is used as an analysis model using path analysis. Organizational risk management, process risk management and standard risk management are the three components used in this study. This study provides empirical evidence that only process risk management can affect soft skills but cannot directly affect student job readiness but process risk management competencies can affect student job readiness if mediated by soft skills. This research provides input to universities to improve the soft skills of prospective graduates so that they have better job readiness

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is infrequently associated with severe complications in children. A recent observation has linked Covid-19 to recurrent ventricular fibrillation in pediatric patients. Case report. We present a distinct case of severe Covid-19 in an 11-year-old male child who was previously healthy but obese. The patient experienced recurrent fibrillation as a complication and underwent multiple defibrillation shocks, ultimately surviving the ordeal. Early on in the management of refractory ventricular fibrillation, the patient was administered amiodarone intravenously. Upon diagnosis, he was found to have pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure, necessitating supplemental oxygen through intubation due to hypoxia. Given the rapid progression of his pneumonia, a treatment regimen including remdesivir and dexamethasone was initiated. Conclusions. This case study could be utilized as a valuable point of reference for healthcare providers treating young patients with Covid-19. It is essential to apply established treatment methods for pediatric Covid-19 to mitigate risks of complications like ventricular fibrillation in children.

Context: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and also death in the world. Administration of Szeto-Schiller-31 (SS-31) as a potential therapeutic candidate that can decrease the renal function damage progressivity in diabetes needs to be comprehensively analyzed. Aims: To assess the protective effects of SS31 against the progressivity of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines 2020. Searches of databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, and Springer) were done on 17 September 2023 in order to find articles related to the animal diabetic model and SS-31 treatment. Manual searches from medRxiv were also conducted to obtain additional evidence. Renal function, histopathology analysis, reactive oxygen species in vivo, and in vitro analysis were described. Results: There were six in vivo studies, each of which discussed the renal function, histopathology, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and four in vitro studies that discussed ROS. The available data suggested that SS-31 improves kidney function by lowering urinary albumin excretion, proteinuria, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and BUN, supported by histopathological improvements. In addition, SS-31 also has the effect of lowering 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) expression. Conclusions: SS31 had a renoprotective effect that could prevent the worsening of renal function in diabetic mice. In addition, the results of histopathology and ROS analysis also support the positive results of SS-31 treatment. Further studies are required to confirm its findings.

This study explains the influence of fly ash type C and type F on the properties of membrane geopolymer. The geopolymer paste was synthesized through a mix of fly ash (FA) and an alkaline activator (AA) (2:1 mass ratio of FA:AA). The alkali activator was prepared from sodium silicate and 12 M sodium hydroxide solution in a mass ratio of 1.6. Hydrogen peroxide 3 wt.% was applied as the pore-forming agent, and 4 wt.% glass fiber was employed for reinforcement. The properties of the geopolymer were investigated via Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The compressive strength confirmed the higher performance of the type C fly ash-based geopolymer membrane (CFAGM) over the type F fly ash-based geopolymer membrane (FFAGM). On the other hand, FFAGM exhibited an enhanced water permeation flux owing to the larger pore diameter. These results affirmed the excellent performance compared to the previous study.

Introduction. Career adaptability has been recognized as one of the skills needed to face changing needs in the world of work. This study is increasingly interesting from the perspective of instilling career adaptability in a vocational university environment. The importance of mastering career adaptability has been established, but the interaction between predictors such as work-based learning factors, curriculum relevance, university support, career self-efficacy has not been well-defined. This study aims to investigate the role of work-based learning, curriculum relevance, university support, and career self-efficacy on university students’ career adaptability. Materials and Methods. We involved 476 vocational students from universities in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data analysis used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test direct and indirect effects of career adaptability. The study utilizes the Amos 18 software for SEM analysis. This study used 200 bootstrap samples and a bias-corrected confidence interval of 90% to analyse the mediation role. Results. The study results reveal that work-based learning, curriculum relevance, university support, and career self-efficacy directly influence the career adaptability of vocational students. Another finding is that career self-efficacy was proven to mediate the effect of work-based learning and university support on vocational students’ career adaptability. Career self-efficacy does not mediate the effect of curriculum relevance on vocational students’ career adaptability. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study provide important implications for vocational education practitioners to promote career adaptability in the university environment through various work-based learning programs, curriculum relevance, university support, and career self-efficacy. Also, the result will guide the ongoing WBL curriculum review and improvement in Malaysia and Indonesia.

Background: Malnutrition-induced hepatotoxicity is defined as liver damage caused by insufficient nutrition, which results in oxidative stress and damage to liver cells. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of banana, cassava, and corn flours on hepatotoxicity induced by malnutrition in male rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats were divided into six groups (n=4): (1) rats received 30 g/rat normal feed daily for 45 days; (2) rats received 30 g malnutrition feed daily for 45 days; rats received 30 g/rat malnutrition feed daily for 15 days and then treated with normal feed (3), banana flour (4), cassava flour (5), and corn flour (6), for 30 days. The malnutrition groups received a diet with protein deficiency for 15 days, then were treated with a diet according to each treatment group. The liver enzymes were analyzed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Furthermore, the liver's histopathological changes in each group were evaluated using Hematoxylin eosin staining. Results: The AST levels in malnourished male rats significantly (p

Purpose This research aims to evaluate adaptive physical education learning in deaf students at special elementary schools. Methods This study employs an evaluation model approach to assess the efficacy of adaptive physical education instruction. Specifically, this research utilizes the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model for evaluation. The participants in this study were teachers who taught physical education in West Sumatra, with a sample size of 60 teachers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The results showed that all statement items of the questionnaire were valid for reliability testing. Results The results of this research showed that the evaluation using the context and input components of the CIPP scored 74.32% and 70.71%, respectively, indicating both as good. However, the process and product aspects attained a score of 50.83% and 48.10% indicating them as enough. Conclusions This research concluded that the implementation of adaptive physical education learning for deaf students was good. Based on the results, this research recommends that evaluations be conducted at the school level for students with special needs. Additionally, evaluation is also needed using participants involved in education.

Background: The fungus comb is a unique structure inside termites' nests that facilitates the growth of Termitomyces sp. as a nutrient source for the termites. It is known to possess immunomodulatory properties that boost the immune system. Aim: This objective of this study was to assess the impact of ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb (EAEFC) on the inflammatory reaction in the spleen of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: An experimental study was conducted using a post-test-only control group design with male BALB/C mice (n=24). The mice were divided randomly into four groups, each comprising six mice, and administered substances via gavage. Groups I and III were administered a solution of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in distilled water, while Groups II and IV were given 500 mg/kg BW EAEFC dissolved in 5% DMSO. On the fifteenth day, Groups I and II received intraperitoneal injection of 5 ml/kg BW saline, while Groups III and IV were injected with 10 mg/kg BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dissolved in saline. After three hours, the mice were euthanized and splenic immunohistology was examined under a light microscope. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), while the group differences were assessed statistically. Results: The expression of interleukin (IL)-1, furin, and activated NK cell was significantly higher in the inflamed model after EAEFC supplementation, while the extract suppressed IL-10. Conclusion: EAEFC was found to alter cytokine expression in the spleen in response to inflammation. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2269-2279]

This study aims to identify the main barriers in implementing business process innovation in government organizations using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The barriers were categorized into four aspects: people, technology, structure, and process, in accordance with the Socio-Technical Theory approach. The results show that a lack of knowledge and training related to innovation, limited funding, and inadequate technological infrastructure are the dominant barriers. In addition, complex bureaucracy and lack of structured processes are also significant barriers. The research recommends a holistic approach that includes improved communication, training, technology investment, as well as bureaucratic reform to foster more effective innovation. The findings provide a basis for better policy-making and emphasize the importance of further research to understand and address barriers to innovation in different countries.

Background: Indonesia has successfully eradicated wild poliovirus since 2005 using robust immunization and AFP surveillance programs. However, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 has challenged these commitments, followed by the 2024 outbreak in East Java. Purpose: The study aims to analyze the polio eradication initiative by assessing polio immunization coverage and AFP surveillance in East Java. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative study design and retrospective analysis of polio immunization coverage and AFP surveillance indicators from the Provincial Health Office, East Java, from 2018–2022. The data was collected and analyzed using Excel, EpiInfo7, and Health Mapper software. Results: OPV4 coverage ranged from 89.95% to 100.76%, while IPV coverage ranged from 73.98 % to 94.18% from 2018 to 2020; the proportion of districts and cities for IPV coverage increased from 0% in 2018 to 44.74% in 2022, below the 95% WHO target. Of the 826 cases of AFP reported, 820 (99.27%) were actual AFP cases

Abstract Supervisory control and data acquisition systems are critical in Industry 4.0 for controlling and monitoring industrial processes. However, these systems are vulnerable to various attacks, and therefore, intelligent and robust intrusion detection systems as security tools are necessary for ensuring security. Machine learning‐based intrusion detection systems require datasets with balanced class distribution, but in practice, imbalanced class distribution is unavoidable. A dataset created by running a supervisory control and data acquisition IEC 60870‐5‐104 (IEC 104) protocol on a testbed network is presented. The dataset includes normal and attacks traffic data such as port scan, brute force, and Denial of service attacks. Various types of Denial of service attacks are generated to create a robust and specific dataset for training the intrusion detection system model. Three popular techniques for handling class imbalance, that is, random over‐sampling, random under‐sampling, and synthetic minority oversampling, are implemented to select the best dataset for the experiment. Gradient boosting, decision tree, and random forest algorithms are used as classifiers for the intrusion detection system models. Experimental results indicate that the intrusion detection system model using decision tree and random forest classifiers using random under‐sampling achieved the highest accuracy of 99.05%. The intrusion detection system model's performance is verified using various metrics such as recall, precision, F1‐Score, receiver operating characteristics curves, and area under the curve. Additionally, 10‐fold cross‐validation shows no indication of overfitting in the created intrusion detection system model.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed education by enhancing personalization and learning efficiency. However, the application of AI in addressing its challenges and potential remains suboptimal. This study aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of AI in Education research, focusing on publications from 2017 to 2023 sourced from Scopus-indexed journals. Using R-Studio-assisted bibliometrics, the study uses descriptive analysis and co-authorship to explore publication trends, citation patterns, affiliations, institutions, and collaboration networks. Analyzing 161 documents, the study identifies key trends and growth areas of AI-based learning. The findings of this study indicate an increase in AI in learning research publications, especially in 2022 and 2023. The findings also show that developed countries such as the United States, China, and the United Kingdom dominate AI research in education. Their contributions include technology development and international research collaboration. Then, this study offers insight into the global research landscape of AI in education by highlighting areas that require further exploration to optimize the function and role of AI in enhancing the learning process. In addition, challenges regarding the impact of AI on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains need to be identified in further research to ensure effective integration in the context of educational sustainability.

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Parents Education Anxiety Questionnaire (PEAQ) for the Indonesian context. The sample included 222 parents of school-aged children, predominantly mothers (84.7%) and fathers (15.3%). The results indicated that the adapted questionnaire exhibited good reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .90, ensuring internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of both first-order and second-order models, confirming the construct validity. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by moderate correlations between PEAQ and SPANE-Positive and SPANE-Negative. These findings highlight the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of PEAQ, making it a valuable tool for measuring parents' education anxiety, a crucial aspect for Asian parents, and its impact on children's academic performance.

This study utilizes Appraisal Theory, Visual Grammar Theory and the concept of peace values to conduct its investigation. Specifically, this study centers on the discursive methods employed to instill peace values, encompassing (1) the frequency of their occurrence, (2) the use of visual elements and (3) the incorporation of narrative elements for this purpose. The research data comprises 18 environmental conservation discourses extracted from Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers textbooks spanning levels 1 to 7. The frequency distribution results reveal that the discursive practice of instilling peace values is most dominant in the category of inner peace (51.2%), followed by social peace (24.8%) and environmental peace (16.2%). Furthermore, the incorporation of peace values through visual elements (1.6%) and narrative elements (98.4%) is carried out by textbook developers with the intention of fostering these values within individuals. This is aimed at equipping BIPA learners with a resilient character as they engage in the process of learning. Furthermore, the inculcation of social peace values aims to cultivate a personality that adeptly navigates conflicts when communicating in the Indonesian language. Furthermore, peace values pertaining to nature aim to foster an ethos of sustainability and care for the environment.

The leader plays a crucial role in an organization, particularly during periods of change. Based on dynamic capability theory, this paper examined the relationship between dynamic managerial capabilities (DMC) and organizational performance, moderated by cynicism toward change and mediated by trust in leadership. The methodology used is a cross-sectional study with multisource data from the top 11 universities in Indonesia. In total, 2,047 respondents, either middle managers or lecturers, participated in this study. The research employed SPSS to test the hypotheses; the findings pointing to the moderated mediation effect of cynicism toward change, which affects the magnitude of the mediation relationship between trust in leadership and DMC as it relates to organizational performance. This study contributes to existing literature on leadership in relation to execution change strategy, particularly concerning how middle managers, with their dynamic managerial capabilities, build trust in leadership, particularly when there is cynicism, which affects organizational performance.

English as a foreign language (EFL) students' use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools that generate human-like text may enhance students' written work. However, the extent to which students use AI-generated text to complete a written composition and how AI-generated text influences the overall writing quality remain uncertain. 23 Hong Kong secondary school students wrote stories with AI-writing tools, integrating their own words and AI-generated text into the stories. We analyzed the basic structure, organization, and syntactic complexity of each story and its AI-generated text. Experts scored the quality of each story's content, language, and organization. By employing multiple linear regression and cluster analyses, we found that both the number of human words and the number of AI-generated words significantly contributed to writing scores. Furthermore, students could be classified into competent and less competent writers based on the variations of students' usage of AI-generated text compared to their peers. Cluster analyses revealed some benefit of AI-generated text in improving the scores of both high-scoring students' and low-scoring students' writing. We suggest differentiated, pedagogical strategies for EFL students to effectively use AI-writing tools and AI-generated text to complete writing tasks.

Introduction Fluimucil, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has been used as a medicinal drug for treating Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Recent research has shown NAC’s potential as a neuroprotective agent, preventing oxidative damage and promoting neurodegenerative treatment. This study conducted bibliometric analysis of articles related to NAC use, identifying research trends, current trends, and correlations between research and institutions. The findings can help identify unpublished research and guide future research strategies. This research not only provides public interest in NAC research but also offers valuable insights for future research. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords fluimucil, nac, n-acetylcystein, and neuroprotective. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results The research trend found are Documents by Year, Documents by Author, Documents by Affiliations, Documents by country or territory, Documents by funding sponsor, Factorial Map Of The Documents With The Highest Contributes, Documents by Subject Area, Network Visualization, Overlay visualization of scopus database using Vosviewer, Density Visualization, Thematic Map, and Qualitative Analysis. Conclusions Research on the neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or fluimucil has several limitations and strengths. It uses quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify research trends and mechanisms of NAC action. However, the data may be biased and the methodology may differ. The study has significant potential for future research, particularly in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimer. It also contributes to the understanding of NAC mechanisms.

As one of the world's largest archipelagic nations, Indonesia faces a major challenge in distributing its wealth, including basic infrastructure such as electricity and internet, to some of its most remote islands. Due to its remote location, most people in this area live in poverty and have poor-quality education. To help solve this problem, an offline digital library was created based on a Raspberry Pi 'minicomputer.' With the ability to store more than 2,500 educational movies and e-books for offline viewing, the device has proven to be reliable even in areas with unpredictable power., INTRODUCTION Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of thousands of islands. Unfortunately, many of these islands and regions still live in poverty. Despite recent economic growth and development in Indonesia, poverty [...]

The online learning in English language has been going along with the rapid development and diffusion of the information and communication technologies and shifted from being merely marginal trend to become popular, where the number of higher education institutions has dramatically increased to offer and led to extremely changes many aspect in learning societies. This study explores the technical abilities, technology accessibility and self-directed learning that contribute to student attitudes towards online English learning in predicting the continuance intention of the online learning. This study employed quantitative approach. There were 10 tertiary students interviewed as preliminary study, then 36 students were surveyed through questionnaire in a pilot test. The validated questionnaire were used in this study on the 102 students. Rasch measurement model was utilized to validate the 25 items of questionnaire, meanwhile the Smart PLS ver. 2.0 was used to assess the regression of exogen to endogen variables. The study concluded that self- directed learning contributed to the attitude towards online English language learning as mediator to continuance intention of online learning. The ability and positive attitude in using digital technology must be present to support English learning current and forthcoming. The next research can focus more on how students adapt to a variety of rapidly changing technologies to support their English skills.

Summary: Dry conditions increase blood feeding in mosquitoes, but it is unknown if dehydration-induced bloodmeals are increased beyond what is necessary for reproduction. In this study, we investigated the role of dehydration in secondary blood feeding behaviors of mosquitoes. Following an initial bloodmeal, prolonged exposure to dry conditions increased secondary blood feeding in mosquitoes by nearly two-fold, and chronic blood feeding allowed mosquitoes to survive up to 20 days without access to water. Exposure to desiccating conditions following a bloodmeal resulted in increased activity, decreased sleep levels, and prompted a return of CO2 sensing before egg deposition. Increased blood feeding and higher survival during dry periods are predicted to increase pathogen transmission, allowing for a rapid rebound in mosquito populations when favorable conditions return. Overall, these results solidify our understanding of how dry periods impact mosquito blood feeding and the role that mosquito dehydration contributes to pathogen transmission dynamics.

Background. The increasing popularity of dancesport is being observed worldwide, with Indonesia also embracing this trend. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of data to establish if dancesport can help with menopausal symptoms and enhance quality of life. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week dancesport program on decreasing menopausal symptoms and improving quality of life. Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental design was used with a pretest-posttest method. The study included 30 women who had gone through menopause and were between the ages of 54 and 63. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life, and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The program involved a 12-week dance course, meeting twice a week for 60 minutes per session, including cha-cha, salsa, rumba, hip-hop, and waltz dances. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24, beginning with descriptive statistics, then progressing to normality testing using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and finally paired samples t-tests. Results. The findings indicated a noteworthy influence of the 12-week dancesport intervention on menopausal symptoms and quality of life, with a significance level of 0.000 (< 0.05). Conclusions. The study found that dancesport is beneficial for postmenopausal women by improving symptoms and quality of life, suggesting further research into the impact of these programs on men experiencing andropause-related changes.

This article aims to explore how mathematics can be applied to Ngesti Swara art in Jatisobo Village. The method used in this research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The domain in this research is not limited. This means that every element of mathematics in this art will be explored. The algebraic domain, which discusses the application of sets in mathematics, and the geometry domain, which is studied from the shapes of the tools used in Ngesti Swara art performances, are the most explored domains. Still, these domains are not always the main thing and all elements of mathematics in culture will be discussed in this study. This research was conducted in Jatisobo Village the original place that still preserves this Ngesti Swara culture. This research is supported by Vygotsky's constructivist theory, which discusses social and neighborhood-based learning. The results showed that ethnomathematics is present in the Ngesti Swara art group in Jatisobo Village. This research also contributes to the field of education. Teaching using ethnomathematics as contextual learning can be a medium for learning mathematics. This research concludes that mathematics can be explored from the Ngesti Swara music culture in Jatisobo Village. This is one way to learn math while preserving culture.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ripening of soybean pods plays a crucial role in the plant's growth and development phases, as it is closely connected to the scheduling of planting practices and optimizing time efficiency in agricultural activities. Estimation of the genetic parameters of pod maturity in soybean plants is important to study before developing a breeding program. One of the breeding methods used to determine the action of these genes is diallel analysis by measuring quantities to illustrate genetic estimates. This study was conducted to examine the nature and magnitude of gene action involved in the inheritance of soybean pod maturity to inform breeding strategies in the face of environmental changes. The aims of the current study was to investigate the nature and extent of gene action involved in the inheritance of soybean pod maturity, with the goal of providing insights for developing breeding strategies that are resilient to environmental changes.METHODS: The study material for crosses is early maturing (< 80 days) soybean genotypes, namely GJ-1, GJ-2, and GJ-3, and late maturing (> 90 days), namely DL-1 and DL-2. These elders were crossed, including backcrossing (reciprocal). This diallel cross uses Griffing's 1st method. The entire study material consisted of 5 parents and 20 combinations of crosses between different parents (10 combinations of hybrids and its reciprocally), resulting in 25 treatments. Furthermore, all genetic materials were planted using a randomized block design, repeated three times. Cross-diallel statistical analysis and genetic variant components were estimated using the Hayman method.FINDINGS: The study showed that soybean pods' maturity (GJ-1, GJ-2, GJ-3, DL-1, and DL-2) had complex gene actions, namely additive, non-additive and reciprocal effects. The imperfect dominant gene action found in genotypes GJ-1, GJ-2, GJ-3, DL-1, and DL-2 shows a small chance of getting offspring that has an earlier maturity than the early maturing parent. There is a link between the genes that influence the age characteristics of mature pods, and each allele contributes to this character. The maturity of the pods in genotype DL-2 is the parent, which has a proportion of recessive alleles, while Dl-1, GJ-1, GJ-2, and Gj-3 are the parents, which have a proportion of dominant alleles that influence character expression age of maturity of pods. CONCLUSION: Given the important role of the additive gene action observed in the genotypes studied, selection for earlier pod maturity could be initiated in the early generations of soybean breeding programs. These findings have important implications for the development of soybean varieties that are more resistant to environmental stress and able to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Breeding early maturing genotypes can reduce the susceptibility of soybean plants to adverse environmental factors such as short growing season drought. By focusing on genetic traits that promote early maturity, breeders can develop soybean varieties that are more suitable for diverse environmental conditions, especially in regions with limited growing seasons. In addition, these early-maturing varieties can provide farmers with greater flexibility in planting schedules and increase yields, thereby enhancing food security. Thus, the application of these genetic insights can contribute to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system in the face of global environmental challenges.

Objectives. The Anaerobic Soccer Training (AnST) model was designed to increase variation in soccer training programs by implementing a game-based approach to matching characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training model in improving soccer players’ anaerobic abilities. Materials and methods. The research method used was the ADDIE model consisting of five integrated phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Eighty-two soccer players from the UNESA male student activity unit were involved in this study, with 20 samples taken using random sampling techniques. Sample characteristics included the following data: age 20.05 ± 0.69 years, height 165.85 ± 5.00 cm, weight 62.08 ± 6.82 kg, and BMI 22.54 ± 1.98. The intervention was carried out over a four-week period, with a frequency of three times a week. The Aiken’s V test was used to analyze the assessment data from three expert judgments, followed by percentage analysis for content validity. The normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, while the mean difference was analyzed using the paired sample t-test. Results. The results showed that in variables for peak power (.001), mean power (.000), fatigue index (.013), Lactate Week (LW) 1-2 (.020) and LW1-3 (.038), notable differences with significance values ​​below 0.05 were observed. In contrast, LW1-4 (.631) did not demonstrate significant differences. Overall, the development of the AnST model successfully improved the anaerobic ability of players, as evidenced by an increase in peak power, mean power, and a decrease in the fatigue index. Conclusions. These findings indicate that this training model is effective in enhancing the anaerobic performance in soccer players.

This study examines the impact of digital literacy and adaptable culture on lecturer performance, with servant leadership as a mediating variable. The Institute of Information Technology and Business executed the study, with several lecturers participating as responders. Digital literacy is a crucial component in the age of technological transition, whereas adaptable culture signifies an institution’s capacity to adjust to evolving environmental conditions. This study proposes that servant leadership, prioritizing service-oriented leadership, mediates the association among digital literacy, adaptable culture, and lecturer performance. This study uses a validated questionnaire to gather data through a quantitative methodology and survey technique. We employ route analysis methodologies to examine the interrelationships among variables. The study’s outcomes are anticipated to elucidate how digital literacy and adaptable culture might enhance professor performance by reinforcing servant leadership conduct. These findings hold significant implications for formulating higher education policies, particularly in addressing the challenges of the digital age and the intricacies of the professional landscape. This study offers theoretical contributions by enhancing the comprehension of the interplay between digital literacy, corporate culture, and leadership within an academic framework.

This study used the systematic literature review to review strategies to increase physical activity in elementary school children in the digital era to support a healthy lifestyle. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search was conducted in September 2024 using the keywords: "Physical Activity Promotion" AND "Elementary School" AND "Healthy Lifestyle". During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. For example, the search focused on articles published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. From this initial search, 551 articles were found. Furthermore, they were screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings of this study confirmed the importance of appropriate strategies to increase the physical activity of elementary school students in the digital era to support a healthy lifestyle. The use of technology in the form of fitness apps, exergames, and wearable devices was proven effective in motivating children to be physically active. These technologies not only serve as support tools but also as powerful motivators that offer tracking and feedback that can encourage children to engage in physical activity more actively. In addition, more interactive approaches in schools, such as the Sport Education Model (SEM) and Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR), have shown significant increases in student participation, resulting in a sustainable impact on daily physical activity habits. This study also reported that family support was very important in increasing children's physical activity. By engaging the whole family in physical activities, whether through shared outdoor activities or fitness apps, an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle is created. In addition, training teachers to utilize technology in physical learning can strengthen the implementation of strategies in schools, creating a more supportive and enjoyable environment for students.

Using the systematic literature review, this study investigates the emotional relationships between coaches and athletes in soccer and their impact on achievement motivation. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on the following keywords: "Emotional Relationship AND Coach AND Athlete AND Soccer AND Achievement Motivation". During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. For example, the selected articles must be published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. With these criteria, 17,300 articles were found. They were screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were chosen. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines, generating several key findings. The first finding of this study confirmed that emotional relationships between coaches and athletes in soccer are important in influencing motivation. A positive relationship, characterized by trust, emotional support, and effective communication, creates a conducive environment for athletes to develop intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which ultimately impacts their performance on the field. Another finding revealed that a coach's emotional intelligence is a crucial factor in building such relationships, as the coach's ability to understand and respond to athletes' emotional needs can increase athletes' self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation, which in turn strengthens performance. Effective communication was also identified as a key element that enables coaches to provide constructive feedback and establish open channels of communication, thereby creating a climate that supports the development of athletes' achievement motivation.

This study used the systematic literature review to explore articles related to human resource management and physical education teachers who work with students with special needs in inclusive schools. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The keywords used were ("Human Resource Management" OR "HR Management") AND ("Physical Education Teacher" OR "PE Teacher") AND ("Special Needs Students" OR "Students with Disabilities" OR "SEN Students") AND ("Inclusive Schools" OR "Inclusive Education"). The search focused on articles published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The initial search generated 17,400 articles. Furthermore, the articles were screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The results of this study showed that inclusive education presents significant challenges in human resource management, especially regarding the readiness and competence of physical education teachers. For example, the teachers did not receive sufficient training in inclusive methodologies, leading them to feel underprepared for the diverse needs of students. Thus, comprehensive training that covers theory and hands-on practice was identified as a solution. Teachers with more in-depth training and experience showed more positive attitudes and abilities. In addition, adjustments to teaching methods and effective use of technology, with school support and collaboration between teachers, staff, and parents, were key to success. Furthermore, policy changes and adequate resource allocation were also crucial. Periodic evaluation of inclusive practices was necessary to ensure continuous development. Thus, increased training, supportive policies, and ongoing support from the government and schools were necessary to achieve effective, inclusive physical education.

This study used the systematic literature review to investigate legal policies governing inclusive schools in Physical Education (PE). Particularly, it focused on identifying challenges related to human resources and infrastructure in supporting students with special needs. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search was conducted in September 2024 using keywords: "Legal policy OR policy analysis AND implementation OR application AND inclusive schools OR inclusive education AND Physical Education OR PE AND challenges OR obstacles AND human resources OR HR AND facilities OR infrastructure AND students with special needs OR special needs students". During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. For example, the search focused on articles published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. From this initial search, 17,300 articles were found. Furthermore, they were screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that the main challenges in governing inclusive schools in PE lie in human resources and infrastructure. In addition, the readiness and competence of teachers were greatly affected by the lack of adequate training in dealing with students with special needs. Thus, comprehensive ongoing training is needed to enhance teachers’ pedagogical skills, curriculum adaptation, and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Although there were policies that support inclusion, their implementation in PE is still suboptimal, requiring strengthening of the curriculum and resources. Another challenge was the lack of supportive infrastructure, especially in terms of physical accessibility and specialized facilities. In conclusion, a combination of strong policies, teacher training, infrastructure improvements, adaptive teaching strategies, and stakeholder collaboration is needed to create effective, inclusive learning environments.

This study aimed to investigate whether Physical Education (PE) in schools can strengthen the character of the Pancasila student profile of Indonesian citizens. In addition, it tried to find out the roles, strategies, gaps, and challenges encountered to achieve the objectives. Using a systematic literature review, this study collected data from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The keywords used were; "Character Building And Students And Pancasila And Through And Physical Education And School". The initial search generated 5.790 articles. These articles were then screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings of this study confirmed that the integration of Pancasila values in PE at school plays a strategic role in creating student character that is in line with the state ideology of Indonesia. PE not only improves physical abilities but also becomes an effective means to internalize social values such as gotong royong (community cooperation), tolerance, honesty, and integrity, which are the core of Pancasila. Nonetheless, this study found a significant gap between Pancasila-based character education policy and practice on the ground. This gap was mainly due to teachers' lack of preparedness, limited professional training, and resource disparities. These challenges were compounded by academic pressures that reduce the focus on character development, as well as social norms that inhibit inclusivity, such as discrimination against students with disabilities. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that includes the development of a more integrative curriculum, improved training and professional development for teachers, and the use of innovative and inclusive teaching methods. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of collaboration between government, schools and communities to create supportive learning environments, as well as greater investment in PE infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate whether Physical Education (PE) in schools can strengthen the character of the Pancasila student profile of Indonesian citizens. In addition, it tried to find out the roles, strategies, gaps, and challenges encountered to achieve the objectives. Using a systematic literature review, this study collected data from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The keywords used were; "Character Building And Students And Pancasila And Through And Physical Education And School". The initial search generated 5.790 articles. These articles were then screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings of this study confirmed that the integration of Pancasila values in PE at school plays a strategic role in creating student character that is in line with the state ideology of Indonesia. PE not only improves physical abilities but also becomes an effective means to internalize social values such as gotong royong (community cooperation), tolerance, honesty, and integrity, which are the core of Pancasila. Nonetheless, this study found a significant gap between Pancasila-based character education policy and practice on the ground. This gap was mainly due to teachers' lack of preparedness, limited professional training, and resource disparities. These challenges were compounded by academic pressures that reduce the focus on character development, as well as social norms that inhibit inclusivity, such as discrimination against students with disabilities. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that includes the development of a more integrative curriculum, improved training and professional development for teachers, and the use of innovative and inclusive teaching methods. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of collaboration between government, schools and communities to create supportive learning environments, as well as greater investment in PE infrastructure.

This study used the systematic literature review to explore the role of motor skills training on critical reading skills in elementary school students. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. As a result, 17,400 articles were found. These articles were screened again in several stages. Some criteria were applied to determine whether the articles should be included or excluded. In addition, the study employed specific keywords, such as "Role and Practice AND Motor Skills AND Critical Reading Ability AND Elementary School Students". These stages then generated 20 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The key findings of this study confirmed that the development of gross and fine motor skills has a significant role in supporting the development of cognitive and academic abilities, especially in improving critical reading skills in elementary school students. This study revealed the positive relationship between motor skills and academic achievement, supported by stimulating physical environments and play-based learning approaches. This finding emphasizes the importance of integrating physical activity into the primary education curriculum. In addition, the findings highlighted the roles of support from various parties, including teachers, parents, and communities. Such supports are needed to ensure a conducive environment for developing students' motor and cognitive skills. Despite these findings, challenges such as lack of sports facilities, gender differences, and an unbalanced curriculum must be overcome to achieve optimal results. These findings imply the need for a holistic approach to education, emphasizing not only focuses on academics but also motor development to support critical reading skills for students' future academic success. Keywords: Role, Practice, Motor Skills, Critical Reading Ability, Elementary School Students

Physical activity offers a powerful tool to address the challenges faced by obese teenagers. By promoting social inclusion, improving physical health, and boosting mental well-being, sports can significantly enhance their overall quality of life. Our research discusses the negative effects of obesity in adolescents and the benefits of a sports program when addressing these issues. The study involved 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) aged 14-16 for a period of eight months. Results showed significant weight loss for most participants: 26 participants lost around 10% of their body weight, another group lost around 8%, and only 4 subjects did not experience significant weight change. The study also observed a 9.5% improvement in motor skills on average. The mean weight loss difference between intervention and control was 9.30%. The study emphasizes the detrimental effects of obesity in adolescents and highlights the effectiveness of physical activity programs in promoting weight loss, enhancing respiratory function and induce healthy eating habits among obese adolescents. It also underscores the positive social and lifestyle benefits associated with regular physical activity. Keywords: physical activity; obesity; exercise; inclusion; nutrition

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el proceso de implementación del programa de desarrollo de logros deportivos en petanca de Java Oriental, centrándose en sus factores contextuales, requisitos de entrada, aspectos de procedimiento y resultados resultantes. La investigación antes mencionada se enmarca dentro del ámbito de la investigación de evaluación del modelo CIPP, empleando una metodología cuantitativa. Se empleó una estrategia de muestreo intencional para seleccionar a los sujetos para este estudio, que consta de 5 entrenadores y 35 atletas masculinos y femeninos de 5 FOPI de Pengkab y Pengkot en Java Oriental. La investigación incluyó un cuestionario que incluía el CIPP, cuyo objetivo era recopilar información sobre los antecedentes del entrenador, el programa de entrenamiento para el deporte de petanca, el desempeño del entrenador y el método de entrenamiento utilizado por los atletas en el género deportivo de petanca. Los datos cuantitativos se recogieron mediante el uso de una escala Likert. El análisis de datos incluyó técnicas analíticas descriptivas, concretamente la utilización de porcentajes. Los hallazgos del estudio indican que el análisis de evaluación del CIPP reveló que el 73,75% de las dimensiones del apoyo contextual para la implementación del programa cayeron en la categoría de "apoyo". Además, el 69% del componente de insumos de recursos humanos fue clasificado como "adecuado". El insumo del programa se clasifica como “hecho” con un ratio del 63,57%. El insumo para la selección de deportistas y la infraestructura se clasifica como “siempre hecho” con un ratio del 82,11%. Las dimensiones de formación de procesos también se clasifican como “siempre hechas” con un ratio del 78,57%. Por último, las dimensiones del producto formativo se califican como “muy esperado”, con un ratio del 75,63%. En resumen, el gobierno ha brindado un apoyo sustancial a la dimensión del contexto. La dimensión de entrada comprende recursos de instructores y atletas de calidad suficiente, así como instalaciones e infraestructura de entrenamiento que sean muy adecuadas. Los numerosos componentes del proceso general de formación se ejecutan de forma consistente y competente. Los componentes del producto demuestran conformidad con las expectativas, aunque necesitan mejoras. Palabras clave: CIPP; evaluación; petanca; Java Oriental Abstract. This study aimed to examine the implementation process of the East Java petanque sports achievement development programme, focusing on its contextual factors, input requirements, procedural aspects, and resulting outcomes. The aforementioned research falls within the purview of CIPP model evaluation research, employing a quantitative methodology. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select the subjects for this study, consisting of 5 coaches and 35 male and female athletes from 5 FOPI district and city in East Java. The research included a questionnaire that included the CIPP, which aimed to gather information regarding the coach's background, the coaching programme for petanque sport, the coach's performance, and the training method utilised by athletes in the petanque sport genre. Quantitative data was gathered by using a Likert scale. The data analysis included descriptive analytic techniques, namely utilising percentages. The study's findings indicate that the CIPP evaluation analysis revealed that 73.75% of the dimensions of context support for programme implementation fell into the "support" category. Additionally, 69% of the human resources input component was classified as "adequate." The program's input is classified as "done" with a ratio of 63.57%. The input for athlete selection and infrastructure is classified as "always done" with a ratio of 82.11%. The process training dimensions are also classified as "always done" with a ratio of 78.57%. Lastly, the dimensions of the training product are classified as "very as expected," with a ratio of 75.63%. In summary, the government has provided substantial support for the context dimension. The input dimension comprises instructors and athletes' resources of sufficient quality, as well as training facilities and infrastructure that are highly adequate. The many components of the overall training process are consistently executed proficiently. The product components demonstrate conformity to expectations, although they necessitate enhancement. Keywords: CIPP; evaluation; petanque; East Java

Lecturer performance is a critical factor in improving the quality of higher education. This study investigates the impact of digital competence and psychological well-being on lecturer performance, with servant leadership as a mediating variable. A quantitative methodology was employed, collecting data through structured questionnaires distributed to lecturers at several private universities in Medan City. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that digital competence and psychological well-being positively and significantly affect lecturer performance. Additionally, servant leadership mediates the relationship between these independent variables and lecturer performance, highlighting its essential role in enhancing lecturers’ digital readiness and psychological well-being. This study contributes to the theoretical framework by integrating leadership theory with individual attributes (competence and well-being) to examine their influence on lecturer performance in higher education. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting servant leadership to improve lecturer performance by fostering digital competence and promoting psychological well-being.

This study was motivated by the failure of some formal educational institutions in Indonesia to apply the purpose of holistic Islamic education, resulting in the decadence of students’ morality. The evidence of students’ moral decadence is the high number of inter-student quarrels and the number of extramarital pregnancies in the last 8 years; that number is up 20 percent compared to the previous period. Holistic Islamic education should balance reason, morals, and physical students to produce intelligent graduates. Based on resourceful education, moral education, and physical education, this study discusses the implementation of holistic Islamic education purposes based on totally Muslim and truly intellectual in the IAIN Ponorogo postgraduate program. Using a qualitative approach, this study traces the concept of educational objectives in the IAIN Ponorogo postgraduate program and its implementation of education goals. The research period is limited to 2022, while the total number of informants is seven people. The data analysis uses content analysis methods such as data reduction, display, and conclusion. The data display uses domain analysis. The results of the study show that the three, that is, phase A (dhikr, thinking, and behavior), phase B (multidiscipline and multi-culture), and phase C (nobility, novelty, and solution) of implementations of holistic Islamic education purpose based on totally Muslim truly intellectual in the IAIN Ponorogo postgraduate program -, are relevant to the resourceful education, moral education, and physical education goals.

Calcium is a macromineral essential by human body, with deficiencies often leading to bone-related issues. Red snapper bone waste is a source of calcium. The bioavailability of calcium is maximized when present in microscopic particles, such as bio-calcium. This study aims to identify the optimal milling time to produce bio-calcium from red snapper bones, evaluating parameters such as water content, particle size, and yield. Biocalcium was extracted from red snapper bone meal using a 1 N NaOH solution (1:3 ratio) with milling times of 1, 2, and 3 h. Analysis of the red snapper bone meal including yield, particle size, chemical composition, calcium, and phosphorus content. The bio-calcium was characterized based on water content, particle size, yield, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and morphological structure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that a 3-hour milling time yielded bio-calcium with a particle size of 410.8 nm, a water content of 4.51 ± 0.15%, and a yield of 4.12 ± 0.03%. SEM revealed a uniform morphology. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of carbonate, amine, hydrocarbon, and hydroxyl groups, suggesting residual organic substances such as protein, fat, and water. The uniform spectra across all samples highlight the consistency of the extraction process, ensuring a similar chemical composition.