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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengendalian kualitas dan pemborosan yang terjadi dalam produksi side frame S2HD 9C menggunakan metode lean six sigma dengan pendekatan DMAIC di PT Barata Indonesia (Persero) Gresik. Side frame S2HD 9C merupakan bagian dari produk bogie barber S2HD 9C. Penelitian ini pada tahap six sigma difokuskan pada analisis defect dan capaian sigma, sedangkan pada tahap lean six sigma difokuskan pada analisis waste dan capaian sigma. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 2 jenis yaitu data primer dan sekunder, yang bersifat kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Data primer diperoleh dari observasi lapangan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari telaah dokumen. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sesuai dengan pendekatan DMAIC ( define, measure, analyze, improve, control ). Setelah dilakukan analisis pada tahap six sigma diketahui terdapat 5 jenis defect yang terjadi pada periode Januari sampai April 2016. Yaitu: defect gas terperangkap 58.18%, defect core patah 21.82%, defect sand drop 12.73%, defect brake mould 5.46% dan defect misplace core 1.82%. Dan nilai capaian tingkat sigma dari masing-masing defect adalah sebagai berikut: defect gas terperangkap 1235.71 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 4.52σ, defect core patah 463.392 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 4.81σ, defect sand drop 270.312 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 4.96σ, defect brake mould 115.848 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 5.18σ dan defect misplace core 38.616 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 5.45σ. Dalam tahap lean six sigma diketahui terdapat 4 jenis waste, yaitu: waste defect product, waste waiting time (delay), waste transportation dan waste excess process. Berikut ini merupakan nilai capaian dari masing-masing waste: waste defect product 6890 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 3.96σ dan nilai capability process 1.31 dengan tingkat sigma 3.94σ, waste waiting time (delay) nilai capability process 1 dengan tingkat sigma 3σ, waste transportation nilai capability process 1.31 dengan tingkat sigma 3.94σ dan waste excess process 1499.75 DPMO dengan tingkat sigma 4.47σ.

Since the late 1970s the Indonesian province of Aceh has experienced a series of military conflicts related to separatism and the ensuing struggle against insurgents. Yet the conflicts have successfully settled through Helsinki agreement on August 15th, 2005. The government has made reconciliation and reconstruction efforts for those conflicts through Presidential Decree, which about regional autonomy. The strategy of this document consists of state principal effort to avoid violent or known as non-violent way by using persuasive and or democratic dialogue. Thus, in this study, the problems which appear are the criteria of special autonomy in Aceh, and the government’s resolution strategies in developing non-violence according to government regulation. Finally, the result shows that particular autonomy program by providing assistance for whole development as like for health, education, infrastructure, and others. It hopes to give positive contribution for Aceh society development in which will bring the prosperity life and Aceh still become part of Indonesian Republic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of local financial independence , functional differentiation and functional specialization of the level of mandatory disclosure of financial statements of local government . The average level of mandatory disclosure of the financial statements of local government in regencies/ cities in Aceh amounted to 48.65 % . The data used are secondary data from the financial statements of the second level governments . Total population in this study were 23 regencies/ cities in Aceh 2013-2014 fiscal year . Statistical method used to test the hypothesis is multiple linear regression . The results showed that, simultaneously local financial independence, functional differentiation and functional specialization affect the level of mandatory disclosure of financial statements of local government. Partially local financial independence affects the level of mandatory disclosure of financial statements of local government, functional differentiation affects the level of mandatory disclosure of financial statements of local government, and functional specialization affect the level of mandatory disclosure of financial statements of local government.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi pembelajaran keterampilan membaca permulaan di TK Fastrack Funschool kelas A Program Nusantara dengan melihat efektifitas pelaksanaan dan hasil pencapaian keterampilan membaca permulaan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penilaian otentik dan evaluasi datanya menggunakan data formatif dan data sumatif. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh anak TK Fastrack Funschool kelas A Program Nusantara sebanyak 15 anak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi check list dan lembar observasi rating scale. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif eksploratif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil evaluasi formatif maupun sumatif keterampilan membaca permulaan anak kelas A Program Nusantara berdasarkan indikator mampu menyebutkan nama karakter huruf, mampu menyebutkan bunyi huruf, mampu mencocokkan huruf besar dan kecil, mampu menyebutkan tulisan sederhana dengan simbol yang melambangkannya, secara umum bisa dikategorikan “berkem-bang sangat baik” karena 93,33% dari jumlah keseluruhan anak dalam kelas tersebut memiliki persentase pencapaian penguasaan materi antara 75% - 100%. Melalui penelitian ini diketahui bahwa metode pembelajaran membaca permulaan yang diterapkan menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak memiliki antusiasme dan keaktifan yang dikategorikan “berkembang sesuai harapan” dalam mengikuti pembelajaran membaca permulaan. Kata kunci: evaluasi, membaca permulaan, taman kanak-kanak An Evaluation of the Teaching of First Reading Skills in Kindergarten Fastrack Funschool Class A Nusantara Program Yogyakarta Abstract This study aims to reveal the results of the evaluation of teaching process of first reading skills in Kindergarten Fastrack Funschool class A Nusantara Program from the effectiveness of the implementation and results of child's first reading skill achievement. This study used the approach of authentic assessment and evaluation of data using the data formative and the data summative. The subject were 15 students of Kindergarten Class A Nusantara Program. The data were collected using a check list observation sheet and rating scale observation sheet and analyzed using the quantitative explorative statistics with percentage.The results show that the results of formative and summative evaluation of first reading skills of grade A students of Nusantara Program ability based on four indicators, in general it can be categorized as "developing very well" because 93.33% of the children in the class have a percentage attainment of mastery of the material between 75% - 100%. Through this study, it is also noted that the teaching method indicate that students have the enthusiasm and liveliness that can be categorized as " developing according to expectations " in following the teaching process of first reading. Keywords: evaluation, beginning reading, kindergarten

Abstract: This research was aimed to describe the types of cognitive strategies used by CLS 2018 students in speaking skills. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of ethnographic research. The results showed that CLS 2018 students used 12 types of cognitive strategies in speaking skills, namely (1) repetition, (2) search for learning resources, (3) grouping, (4) deduction or induction, (5) substitution, (6) elaboration , (7) conclude, (8) imagine, (9) transfer, (10) practice, (11) receive and send messages, and (12) analyze and express opinions. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan jenis strategi kognitif yang dipakai oleh mahasiswa Critical Language Scholarship 2018 dalam keterampilan berbicara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian etnografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Critical Language Scholarship 2018 menggunakan 12 jenis strategi kognitif dalam keterampilan berbicara, yaitu (1) pengulangan, (2) pencarian sumber belajar, (3) pengelompokkan, (4) deduksi atau induksi, (5) subtitusi, (6) elaborasi, (7) menyimpulkan, (8) membayangkan, (9) mentransfer, (10) mempraktikkan, (11) menerima dan mengirimkan pesan, dan (12) menganalisis dan mengemukakan pendapat.

Recruitment of coral is marked by the appearance of reef colonies that are still juvenile. Coral recruitment data after the earthquake and tsunami are very few either in Indonesia or in other part of the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of recruitment and to analyze recruitment diversity of coral reef Scleractinian in the waters affected by tsunami (west coast) and not affected by tsunami (east coast) of North Pagai Island. The observation on coral recruitment used benthic quadrate sampling method with a size of 1x1m2 and the diameter of colony taken measured between 0.5–10 cm. The result of the study shows that the average of recruitment density at the west coast (affected by tsunami) ranged between 0.78–3.67 colonies.m-2 and at the east coast (not affected by tsunami) ranged between 5.11–11.67 colonies.m-2. Coral recruitment level of the east coast is within the category of medium to very high while coral recruitment level of the west coast is in very low to low category. Diversity index (H') of east coast and west coast ranged between 1.55–2.54 with medium category, evenness index (E) of east coast and west coast ranged between 0.87–0.97 with stable category, and dominance index (C) with values ranging from 0.10–0.13 with low category.. Types of coral Porites cylindrica is growing rapidly and has the highest level of recruitment after the tsunami. Keywords: recruitment reef, tsunami, coral, North Pagai Island

This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of the inclusive ECCD on the level of child readiness to enter primary school. This research was conducted qualitive approach. The object was Labschool Rumah Citta, the ECCD that implemented inclusive learning. The results of the study are as follows. (1) Labschool Rumah Citta is and ECCD applying the inclusive education model, and ready to facilitate children from different social backgrounds, cultures, economy, religions, races, and capabilities, including the children with special needs. (2) The curriculum of Labschool Rumah Citta is compiled independently based on child development aspect, and has several peculiarities: inclusive, centered on children, developing multiple intelligence, values education, eco-friendly living, respect of local wisdom, independence, and gender. (3) Labschool Rumah Citta uses the student-centered approach and applies the methods of learning which encourage child's readiness to enter primary school, including: role play, direct practice, discussions, teamwork, problem solving, and visits. (4) The inclusive curriculum, which is child friendy and the learning methods that are suitable, with the characteristics of early childhood, is effective in encouraging children to enter primary school.

Background: Gut colonisation with Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a risk factor for CRE bacteremia and patients with haematological malignancies (HM) are at the highest risk of mortality. Methods: We conducted a prospective surveillance study of gut colonisation with CRE and its impact on the outcome on 225 consecutive patients of HM over 28 months. Results: The median age of the cohort was 46 years, majority with Acute Leukemia. 48 (21%) patients were colonized with CRE on admission (CAD). Another 46 patients were colonized with CRE in the hospital (CIH). The risk factors for CAD and CIH were diagnosis of acute leukemia and duration of hospital stay respectively. CRE accounted for 77% of non-relapse mortality (NRM). CRE bacteremia occurred only in colonized patients with 100% mortality. NRM was 35.3% in CIH group compared to 10.5% in the CAD group (p=0.0001). NRM was highest in those with AML and CIH (54.9% p=0.0001). On multivariate analysis, CIH was the most important risk factor for NRM (HR-7.2). Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that a substantial proportion of patients with HM are colonized with CRE without prior hospitalization, but those with nosocomial colonization have the highest risk of mortality, particularly in those with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Study of correlation between vegetation and birds could show how great the impact of Figs (Ficus spp.) towards wildlife. Mbarek spring has a unique microhabitat by Figs. These trees expected to provide a high potential role and benefit related to supporting bird life. This study aims to analyze the use of vegetation by birds in the sphere of Mbarek’s spring microhabitat. Study was held in Mulyosari sub-village, Sumberejo village, Gedangan subdistrict, Malang regency. The study was conducted from 26-29 October 2017. Bird observation point was chosen on Ficus racemosa, known locally as ‘Lo’, which suspected to have a major influence on the presence of birds. Each of observation results were identified, counted, and recorded. Documentation were done incidentally. The results are visualized by descriptive representations of the use of vegetation composition on 4 vegetation classifications : seedling (high = 0-1.5 m), sapling (high≥1.5 m), pole (diameter = 10-20 cm), tree (diameter> 20 cm). Sooty-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster) is the dominant bird during observation. Most of birds observed at the canopy with the activity of sunbathing. Figs became a favorite location for birds to rest and parenting during the day. Sedges (Cyperus sp.) is the greatest importance on study site. Keywords: Birds, Figs, Mbarek, Sedges

Nutrition is an important aspect of the successful breeding of wild birds in captivity. This research aims to find out nestling growth of Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus, Müller 1776) by parent-reared and nutrient requirement during rearing season. This research used a pair of Eclectus parrot with a male chick at first and fifth clutch, and female chick at the second, third, and fourth clutch. This research was conducted from July 2016 to June 2018. The bodyweight of chick was measured every week and feed intake was observed since the age of one week until the chick can eat independently. Feed was provided ad libitum and cafeteria. The chick was the altricial type. Feathers began to cover all bodies at weeks 9. Fledging time was approximately at weeks 10-11. Chick could be separated from its parents at 20 weeks of age. Feed intake tends to be increased along with the increasing age of chick. Eclectus favorites feed is sunflower seed. Nutrient consumption when rearing male chick is more than rearing the female chick.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengimplementasikan kegiatan permainan sandiwara boneka dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara peserta didik di PAUD SAYMARA Kartasura kelompok A, (2) meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini melalui permainan sandiwara boneka di PAUD SAYMARA Kartasura kelompok A. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak didik kelompok A di PAUD SAYMARA Kartasura tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Penelitian ini bersifat kolaboratif antara peneliti, guru kelas, dan kepala sekolah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif model alur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) implementasi permainan sandiwara boneka meliputi kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan penutup. Kegiatan awal berupa apersepsi dan pengenalan tokoh, pada kegiatan inti guru menunjukkan permainan sandiwara boneka, dan kegiatan akhir peserta didik menceritakan kembali dengan permainan sandiwara boneka. (2) permainan sandiwara boneka dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini. Peningkatan prosentase keterampilan berbicara dari sebelum tindakan sampai dengan siklus II yakni sebelum tindakan 40,13 %, siklus I mencapai 61,08 %, siklus II mencapai 79,74 %. Kata kunci: keterampilan berbicara, anak usia dini, permainan sandiwara boneka. IMPROVING EARLY CHILD SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH PUPPET PLAYS Abstract The study aims to: (1) implement puppet play activities in developing speaking skills in PAU Improving Early Child Speaking Skills through Puppet Plays (A Classroom Action Research in PAUD Kartasura SAYMARA Group A in the Academic Year of 2013/2014 )D SAYMARA Kartasura group A, and (2) improve speaking skills in early child through puppet plays in PAUD SAYMARA Kartasura group A.This research is Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study are students in PAUD SAYMARA group A Kartasura in the Academic Year of 2013/2014. This research is a collaborative research, between researcher, classroom teachers, and school headmaster. Data validity were checked by triangulation. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative flow models. The results indicate that (1) the implementation of puppet play include first activity, core activity, and closing activity. First activity include apperception and character recognition, teacher show the puppet plays in the core activity, and the final activity student retell the puppet plays. (2) puppet plays can improve speaking skills in early child. The percentage of speaking skills in pre cycle is 40.13 %, in first cycle 61.08 % and in the second is 79.74 %. Keywords: speaking skills, early child, puppet plays

In this study we develop a model that optimizes the price for new and remanufactured short life-cycle products where demands are time-dependent and price sensitive. While there has been very few published works that attempt to model remanufacturing decisions for products with short life cycle, we believe that there are many situations where remanufacturing short life cycle products is rewarding economically as well as environmentally. The system that we model consists of a retailer, a manufacturer, and a collector of used product from the end customers. Two different scenarios are evaluated for the system. The first is the independent situation where each party attempts to maximize his/her own total profit and the second is the joint profit model where we optimize the combined total profit for all three members of the supply chain. Manufacturer acts as the Stackelberg leader in the independently optimized scenario, while in the other the intermediate prices are determined by coordinated pricing policy. The results suggest that (i) reducing the price of new products during the decline phase does not give better profit for the whole system, (ii) the total profit obtained from optimizing each player is lower than the total profit of the integrated model, and (iii) speed of change in demand influences the robustness of the prices as well as the total profit gained.

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengembangkan instrumen kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi fisika (PhysTHOTS) peserta didik SMA dan mendapatkan karakteristik PhysTHOTS. Kisi-kisi instrumen disusun berdasarkan aspek dan subaspek kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menyusun item-item. Instrumen terdiri atas dua perangkat tes yang masing-masing memiliki 26 item termasuk delapan anchor item dan telah divalidasi oleh ahli pengukuran, ahli pendidikan fisika, ahli fisika, dan praktisi. Instrumen yang telah divalidasi diujicobakan pada 1.001 siswa dari sepuluh SMAN di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data politomus dianalisis menggunakan Partial Credit Model (PCM). Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa semua item sebanyak 44 dan instrumen PhysTHOTS terbukti fit dengan PCM, reliabilitas instrumen sebesar 0,95, indeks kesukaran item mulai -0,86 sampai 1,06 yang berarti semua item dalam kategori baik. Dengan demikian, PhysTHOTS memenuhi syarat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi fisika peserta didik SMA.Kata kunci: pengembangan instrumen, tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, fisika, politomus, dan PCM ______________________________________________________________ DEVELOPING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL TEST OF PHYSICS (PhysTHOTS) FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Abstrak The objectives of this research were to develop an instrument for measuring senior high school students’ physics higher order thinking skills (PhysTHOTS) and to obtain the characteristics of the PhysHOTS. The instrument blue print was developed based on the aspects and sub-aspects of high order thinking skills, then it was used to develop the items. Two sets of instrument consisting of 26 items and each, including eight anchor items were then validated by promotors, measurement experts, physics specialists, physics education experts, and practitioners. The validated instruments were then tried out on 1,001 students of ten senior high schools throughout Special Province of Yogyakarta. The polytomous data were analyzed according to the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The results show that the 44 items and PhysTHOTS were fit to the PCM, the reliability of the test was 0.95, the items’ difficulty indexes were between -0.86 and 1.06. Therefore, the PhysTHOTS are qualified to measure senior high school students’ physics higher order thinking skills. Keywords: instrument development, physics test of higher order thinking skills, polytomous, and PCM

Abstract Disease is a physical dimension which is often responded subjectively by the affected individual. The interaction among biological, psychological, and social dimensions of illness can influence the illness cognition of the affected individual. This also applied to individual who suffers from a chronic illness. This study aims to describe the meaning of illness in view of patients with chronic illness. A qualitative phenomenological method was used in this study. Three subjects suffer from a coronary heart disease more than a year participated in this study. In depth interviews and field notes were used to collect data. The results showed that subjects perceived their illness differently. Subject I perceived illness as a test; Subject II perceived illness as a reminder of own weakness; whereas Subject III perceived illness as a warning, absolution, and feeling to be loved by others. The core meaning found in this study is that persons who are able to give meaning to their illness have their optimism for recovery. It can be concluded that illness is a physical as well as a psychological condition; individual respond to symptom of illness differently; and meaning given to illness is subject to change due to the affected person’s situation.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, dan hasil dari pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak usia dini di ECCD-RC Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah direktur yayasan, kepala sekolah, pendidik, dan peserta didik ECCD-RC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender di ECCD-RC dilaksanakan melalui pembiasaan, keteladanan, dan bermain yang tidak diskriminatif. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak terlihat dalam interaksi peserta dengan pendidik, dan interaksi antarpeserta didik di kelas, melalui empat aspek analisis gender, yaitu akses, partisipasi, kontrol, dan manfaat. Beberapa faktor yang mendukung terlaksananya pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak usia dini diantaranya adalah peserta didik masih bebas stereotype, pendidik yang pro keragaman, proses pembelajaran yang tidak diskriminatif, dan kerja sama yang baik antara pendidik dan orang tua. Selain faktor pendukung, ada beberapa faktor yang menghambat diantaranya: penghambatnya adalah: keterbatasan SDM, sarana prasarana yang belum 100% ramah dan aman, orang tua pendidik memiliki pandangan yang berbeda dengan ECCD-RC, dan minimnya waktu interaksi anak di ECCD-RC Yogyakarta. Kata kunci: pendidikan, gender, anak usia dini GENDER PERSCPECTIVE EDUCATION TO EARLY CHILHOOD Abstract This study aims to determine: the implementation of gender perspective education to early childhood, the supporting factors and inhibiting factors, and the result of gender perspective education to early childhood at ECCD-RC, Yogyakarta. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects were director of the foundation, principal, educator, and school students at ECCD-RC, Yogyakarta. The findings of the study are as follows: The implementation of gender perspective education to early childhood conducted through repeated action, role modelling, and indiscriminating play. The result of gender perspective education can be seen through interaction between students and teachers and interaction among students viewed from four gender analysis aspects, i. e. access, participation, control, and advantage. The supporting factors are: students are free from stereotyping, teachers appreciate diversity, learning process is indiscriminating, evaluation instrument is complete, and teachers and parents are being cooperative. Whereas, the inhibiting factors are the limitation of human resources, medium and infrastructure which are not 100 % children-friendly, different point of view between parents and staffs, and the minimum time for children to interact with their teachers. Keywords: education, gender, early childhood

Latar Belakang : Atracurium besylate, merupakan obat pelumpuh otot nondepolarisasi kelas bisquaternary benzylisoquinolinium yang menghasilkan beberapa efek samping selama uji klinis luas di berbagai penelitian, berupa pelepasan histamin yang dikaitkan dengan refleks takikardia, hipotensi berat dan ruam pada pengamatan klinis. Beberapa kasus reaksi anafilaksis parah dilaporkan setelah injeksi atrakurium, menyebabkan komplikasi yang mengancam jiwa. Pemberian lambat injeksi Atrakurium besylate, menurunkan manifestasi refleks peningkatan nadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, perbandingan waktu pemberian Atrakurium besylate intravena dapat menurunkan tingkat kejadian peningkatan nadi saat induksi anestesi umum di RSSA Malang. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis tersamar tunggal, bersifat eksperimental. Pasien dengan kriteria klinis ASA I-II sejumlah 32 orang dilakukan randomisasi sederhana menjadi 2 kelompok P dan mendapatkan perlakuan pemberian Atrakurium besylate 0,5 mg/kgBB iv dalam waktu 5 detik. Kelompok lainya dilakukan pemberian Atrakurium besylate 0,5 mg/kgBB iv dalam waktu 90 detik Hasil : Penelitian ini didapatkan, perbedaan peningkatan nadi yang bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,05), pada saat kelompok O dan P dibandingkan pada menit ke 3 (0,005) dan ke 4 (0,004), sedangkan pada menit ke 5 (0,210) tidak didapatkan perbedaan peningkatan nadi pasien Kesimpulan : Disimpulkan bahwa, pemberian Atrakurium besylate intravena 0,5 mg/kgBB dalam waktu 90 detik menurunkan tingkat terjadinya peningkatan nadi daripada pemberian dalam waktu 5 detik.

Having literacies in economics and financial will be beneficial to enhancing individual and family well-being. The purpose of this research aims to produce an e-book on economic literacy. To achieve the purpose, this study adopted a research and development method. Media is developed through student analysis, state objectives, determine goals, choosing methods, media and materials, which require student participation, evaluation and revision. Product development was validated by material experts, media experts, and piloted on a limited scale. The results of this study indicate that the e-book as learning media is effective in contextual economic learning. Also, it is perceived as easy to use for self-study, and it effectively supports blended learning. However, the findings also noted that many students choose traditional classroom learning instead of using blended learning. Further researchers can develop e-book learning media that supports blended learning in other difficult subjects with limited time and access to learning.

Background: Sirolimus has provided the option for calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free immunosuppressive therapy in both solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, long-term use of sirolimus has been reported to be associated with a high incidence of cutaneous side effects in SOT, particularly acneiform lesions. Materials and Methods: We studied the incidence of acneiform lesions and the risk factors in 41 HSCT recipients between ages 4 and 64 years, undergoing HSCT for malignant (n = 29) and non-malignant diseases (n = 12) from haploidentical family donors. Results: Seven patients developed acneiform lesions at the median of 85 days (range, 45-105 days). Acneiform lesions occurred in 6/11 patients on sirolimus and in only 1/30 patients not receiving sirolimus (P = 0.001). This was more frequent in patients with non-malignant disorders (5/12 versus 2/29, P = 0.01) and those receiving graft from female donors (7/23 versus 0/18, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Despite being frequently reported in SOT, this is the first such report in HSCT. Our study suggests that prolonged use of sirolimus might be associated with high incidence of acneiform lesions in haploidentical HSCT recipients with non-malignant diseases, particularly in those receiving graft from a female donor. We discuss the possible reasons for these findings and the putative mechanism of acneiform lesions in these patients

The purpose of this research is to develop a module based on research for undergraduate students in Biology Education Mulawarman University. Result of development is a module from design phase and validate by subject expert, instructional media expert, and small group test. Validation result from subject expert is 84,38%, in valid enough category and result from instructional media expert is 94,16% in valid category. Small group test result is 82% in valid ebough category. Validation results in qualitative and quantitative data is used to revised module. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa modul berdasarkan hasil penelitian untuk mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Mulawarman. Hasil pengembangan berupa draft modul hasil tahap desain kemudian divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media pembelajaran, serta dilakukan uji kelompok kecil. Hasil validasi ahli materi adalah sebesar 84,38% dan masuk dalam kategori cukup valid, sedangkan hasil dari validasi ahli media pembelajaran sebesar 94,16% dengan kategori valid. Selanjutnya uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh hasil 82% dengan kategori cukup valid. Hasil validasi berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif digunakan untuk merevisi modul sehingga modul semakin baik.

Education as human’s process to gain knowledge is very important to create thinking skill for the human being. Related to that thing, implemented the learning with Problem Based Learning method which is the learning that is oriented to enhance the students’ critical thinking skill. In the constructivism learning theory, the students should be able to construct the knowledge through problem solving so they got the truth which is useful for the existence. This research is using the quasi experiment method with non-equivalent group design. The conclusion of this research shows that there is enhancement to the students’ critical thinking skill significantly and suggested to use this method on another topic, schools gives the hypermedia facilities, and researching another learning competences.

DC high voltage amplifier is one of the important components to support of PVDF thin films polling equipment. Hardware polling is a very important tool in the characterization of PVDF thin films to increase piezoelectric properties. The existence of the problem will be difficult to obtain a high voltage DC sources of lead in the market encouraged us to design and create high-voltage DC source. In research that has been done I've been able to design and create high-voltage amplifier 30 KV DC as a producer of high electric field. To validate the performance of this high voltage DC amplifier has created further testing and measuring the output voltage. Testing is performed to determine the precision, accuracy and stability of the output voltage of the amplifier for more than 60 minutes. From the test results and output measurements performed show that the relative error of 4.5%. Tool output stability is good enough for a span of 30 minutes. This indicates that the design and manufacture of high DC voltage gain have been successful. Keywords: DC Amplifier, Electric field, High voltage, Polling, PVDF Film

Adolescence, individuals experience many changes , both physically , mentally , to changes in social adjustment . These changes cause problems that result in loss of mental balance . Character education in the family is needed by young people to be able to overcome these problems . Religion plays an important role in life . Teens need religion to satisfy the spiritual needs and find rest of his life . Teens who have a religion , is expected to have a good religiosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between educational character (character building) in the family of the religiosity in adolescents. The hypothesis proposed that there is a positive relationship between character education in families with adolescent religiosity. Measuring instruments used scales, namely religiosity scale and the scale of character education in the family. The results of the study were analyzed using simple regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between religiosity variable character building . The relationship is indicated by a correlation coefficient of r xy = 0.527 and p = 0.000 ( p < 0.05 )

Pengaruh Bencana Alam terhadap Keselamatan Struktur Bangunan

This research was conducted to describe the oral communication skill in the instructional context of primary school teachers of East Java. An evaluative-survey design was implemented in this study. The sample consisted of 120 teachers from four Karesidenans of East Java selected by area sampling. Data were gathered by observations and recording. The mean measures, analysis of variance and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the oral communication skill in the instructional context of primary school teachers was unsatisfactory. In certain aspects there were differences in the level of the skill among subject matters and also between urban and rural teachers. The skill of urban teachers was higher than the skill of rural teachers

Generally, distres which followed by psychiatric disorders still more medicinal practice controversial especially physically stressor roles on holistic health condition. Therefore, researches still more needed to explain and clarify the infl uences and the role of physically stressors on psychiatric disorders. This study used an psychoneuroimmunologic paradigm, which used posttest-only true experiment design for the research. About 24 female Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar had been used, they were devided into six groups. To investigate functional changes, we had been used hippocampus SERT distribution changes as mirror of central serotonergic malfunction changes. While, to investigate structural changes we had been inspected apoptosis index of hippocampus CA3 regions (hippocampus slicing). We also took the blood from the rats heart to examinate IL – 6 and cortisol level, and gastric tissues for TNF-α level examination. Physical stressors lead to arise functional and structural changes include hippocampus SERT distribution, increases hippocampus apoptotic index, and increases TNF-α level, that fi nally arise the distress. These results of statistical analyses demonstrate that physical stressors tend to be mediated by serotonergic neurotransmission pathway. This study also support assumptions that psychological stressors caused and or related with gastrical changes.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertolak dari keresahan penulis terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya menyimak dan menulis yang sampai saat ini belum sepenuhnya didukung oleh pemahaman guru yang memadai. Padahal pembelajaran menyimak dan menulis telah menjadi tuntutan kurikulum maupun tujuan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Saat ini pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SD khusus menyimak dan menulis masih dilakukan secara tradisional. Dampak dari pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang tradisional ini antara lain adalah rendahnya mutu proses pembelajaran di kelas, sehingga kemampuan siswa berbahasa khususnya menyimak dan menulis pun menjadi rendah. Sejalan dengan permasalahan di atas, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimanakah kemampuan menyimak dan menulis siswa kelas V SD yang mendapatkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual?; (2) bagaimanakah kemampuan menyimak dan menulis siswa kelas V SD yang tidak mendapatkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual?; (3) apakah terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan antara kemampuan menyimak dan menulis antara siswa kelas V SD yang mendapatkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual dengan yang tidak mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan aplikatif kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen (quasi eksperiment). Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah teknik tes, observasi, dan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri Argasunya Cirebon. Data penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan uji statistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan antara kemampuan menyimak antara siswa kelas V SD yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual dengan yang tidak mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual; (2) terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan antara kemampuan menulis antara siswa kelas V SD yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual dengan yang tidak mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan sistem modul melalui media audio visual. Kata Kunci: Menyimak, Menulis, Medi Audio Visual, Sistem Pembelajaran Modul

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a curative option for children with high risk and advanced acute leukemia. Yet availability of matched family donor limits its use and although matched unrelated donor or mismatched umbilical cord blood (UCB) are viable options, they fail to meet the global need. Haploidentical family donor is almost universally available and is emerging as the alternate donor of choice in adult patients. However, the same is not true in the case of children. The studies of haploidentical HSCT in children are largely limited to T cell depleted grafts with not so encouraging results in advanced leukemia. At the same time, emerging data from UCBT are challenging the existing paradigm of less stringent HLA match requirements as perceived in the past. The use of posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY) has yielded encouraging results in adults, but data in children is sorely lacking. Our experience of using PTCY based haploidentical HSCT in children shows inadequacy of this approach in younger children compared to excellent outcome in older children. In this context, we discuss the current status of haploidentical HSCT in children with acute leukemia in a global perspective and dwell on its future prospects.

This study aims to describe the structure, strategy, and the interactional functions of conversation that took place during the teaching and learning process of Indonesian for Academic Purposes at the Department of Legal Study, Universitas Wisnuwardhana Malang. This is a mono-site qualitative descriptive study. The findings showed that the classroom conversations contain three types of conversational structures (transaction, turn-taking, and move), three types of conversational strategies (initiation, negotiation, and elicitation), and four conversational functions (declaring, asking, giving commands, and expressing feelings). The use of negotiation strategy in expressing an apology and gratitude is a new phenomenon in a formal conversation.

Abstract: The Impact of Games of Imitation Bowling on Motor Skills Coordination of Early Men­tally Retarded Children. This quasi experimental study aims to examine the effect of playing games using simulated bowling rules on the motor-skill coordination of early mentally retarded (MR) children. Six sub­jects of five to seven years old, four female and two male, were purposively sampled. Observation and video-recording were carried out to record the development of children’s motor-skill coordination. The results show that the games employing simulated rules were found to be effective on developing the motor-skill coordination. Abstrak: Dampak Permainan Bowling Tiruan terhadap Keterampilan Motorik Anak Terbelakang Mental Usia Dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai dampak permainan dengan aturan bowling tiruan terhadap peningkatan kecakapan koordinasi motorik anak terbelakang mental usia dini. Sebanyak enam anak yang mengalami keterbelakangan mental berusia 5-7 tahun, terdiri atas empat laki-laki dan dua wanita di TKLB/C Pembina Yogyakarta yang diambil secara purposive dijadikan subjek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretes-postes satu kelompok. Observasi terbuka dan rekaman video digunakan untuk melihat kecakapan koordinasi motorik subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dampak positif permainan dengan aturan berupa bowling tiruan terhadap peningkatan kecakapan koordinasi motorik anak terbelakang mental usia dini.

This study aims to confirm the effect of industrial education 4.0 on data, technology, and human literacy among postgraduate students in Indonesia. The research adopted covariance-based structural equation modeling by employing AMOS 25 to examine the relationship between variables. The model estimation was performed using confirmatory factor analysis as a standard model for measuring industrial education 4.0 and involved structural model analysis to confirm the hypotheses. The population in this research paper was 2.958 postgraduate students in 32 study programs, while the sample was 312 respondents, which was determined using the proportional random sampling technique. This study tested the three hypotheses proposed, showing that industrial education 4.0 has a positive and significant effect on data literacy, technological literacy, and human literacy among postgraduate students in Indonesia. This paper raises the need for developing industrial education 4.0 on these literacies.

Development of teaching materials for adaptive subject using web-based learning in building engineering vocational high school. The purpose of this research is to develop instructional materials for training subject in Vocational High School Department of Building Engineering using Web-based learning as a part of E-Learn­ing approach. This research uses development-research method. At the first year, the research activity is limited in producing teaching materials utilizing Web-based learning. Validity related testing for developed teaching material is conducted by experts and individual trials, particularly related to contents validity. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that this study have produced teaching materials utilizing Web-based learning for training adaptive subject. These teaching materials can be used by lecturer or teacher as a complement for classroom teaching activity. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan bahan ajar matadiklat adaftif di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Teknik Bangunan dengan pendekatan E-Learning ber­basis Web-based learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengem­bangan. Kegiatan penelitian tahun pertama ini hanya terbatas pada menghasilkan bahan ajar e-learning berbasis Web-based learning, maka uji coba bahan ajar hanya dilakukan uji pakar dan uji coba perorangan, khususnya terkait dengan validitas isi bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini menghasilkan produk bahan ajar e-learning berbasis Web-based learning matadikat adaftif. Bahan ajar ini hanya berfungsi sebagai pelengkap (komplemen) dari pem­belajaran yang dilakukan dengan tatap muka di ruang kelas.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dengan kinerja karyawan. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada hubungan positif antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dengan kinerja karyawan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan wiraniaga PT. AJB Bumiputera 1912 cabang Salatiga yang berjumlah 43 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah studi populasi, yaitu subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian diambil keseluruhan dari jumlah populasi. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan data dokumentasi kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi product moment diperoleh nilai korelasi (r) 0.463 dengan p < 0.01 artinya ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifi kan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dengan kinerja. Semakin tinggi gaya kepemimpinan transformasional maka semakin tinggi kinerja. Peranan atau sumbangan efektif gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja sebesar 21.4% yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefi sien determinan (r2) sebesar 0.214. Hal ini berarti masih terdapat 78.6% faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja di luar variabel gaya kepemimpinan transformasional.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran interaksi sosial dengan teman sebaya pada anak yang homeschooling dan anak yang sekolah reguler serta membandingkan interaksi antara keduanya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 orang anak homeschooling dan 2 anak sekolah reguler dengan karakteristik yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Data diambil dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Interaksi sosial dengan teman sebaya pada anak homeschooling kurang berkembang bila dibandingkan dengan interaksi sosial dengan teman sebaya pada anak sekolah reguler. Hal ini dikarenakan anak homeschooling kurang memiliki kesempatan untuk berinteraksi dengan teman sebayanya, mereka lebih banyak berinteraksi dengan anggota keluarganya sendiri, dan lebih sering berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang lebih tua, pada aspek tertentu mereka berkembang hampir sama meski tidak sebaik anak sekolah reguler tetapi dalam hal kerjasama, anak homeschooling kurang mampu, hal ini juga dikarenakan kesempatan mereka untuk belajar mengembangkan kemampuan kerjasama (mengemukkan pendapat, menyelesaikan perbedaan pendapat dalam kelompok, dll) memang kurang.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan visi perusahaan pengembang terhadap layanan purna jual, kualitas layanan purna jual, tingkat kepuasan konsumen terhadap layanan purna jual serta mengetahui hubungan dan perbedaan antar variabel tersebut. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari 85 orang personal perusahaan pengembang dan 446 orang konsumen yang membeli rumah dari perusahaan pengembang. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) visi terhadap layanan purna jual, kualitas layanan purna jual perusahaan pengembang dari tingkat kepuasan konsumen terhadap layanan purna jual dari perusahaan pengembang memiliki kualifikasi baik, (2) ada hubungan positip antara visi terhadap layanan purna jual dengan kualitas layanan purna jual, serta kualitas layanan purna jual dengan kepuasan konsumen, (3) secara bersama- sama ada perbedaan visi terhadap layanan purna jual dan kualitas layanan purna jual antara perusahaan pengembang rumah tipe kecil, tipe sedang dan tipe besar, dan (4) secara bersama-sama ada perbedaan kepuasan konsumen terhadap layanan purna jual yang diberikan oleh perusahaan pengembang rumah tipe kecil, tipe sedang, dan tipe besar.

Sebagaimana juga dialami negara-negara maju yang telah banyak membangun gedung tinggi, persoalan yang muncul adalah bagaimana merawat bangunan tersebut. Pada satu sisi data atau pola kajian ilmiah tentang perawatan gedung di Indonesia masih sangat langka. Padahal data tersebut sangat penting artinya bagi pengembangan ilmu teknik sipil dan juga bagi pelaksana bangunan dalam melakukan kegiatan di lapangan. Kurang lengkapnya data-data tentang perawatan gedung, seharusnya mendorong para pakar bangunan untuk melakukan penelitian. Pada dasarnya perawatan gedung yang menyeluruh (total building maintenance) meliputi aspek-aspek komponen elektrik, mekanikal, teknik sipil, pembersihan (cleaning), keamanan (security), dan pertamanan (landscaping). Kegiatan perawatan terhadap komponen-komponen dapat berupa pencegahan (protection), perbaikan (repairing), dan pembaharuan (renovation).

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kreativitas pada siswa SD dan SDIT dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kreativitas pada siswa yang berinteligensi tinggi dan rendah. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada perbedaan kreativitas pada siswa SD dan SDIT dan ada perbedaan kreativitas pada siswa yang memiliki inteligensi tinggi dan rendah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD dan SDIT di Salatiga. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan alat tes TKF dan CPM. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis dwivariat uji-t, menghasilkan t antar kelompok sebesar -2.887 dengan p = 0.005 atau p < 0.05 yang berarti ada perbedaan kreativitas yang signifikan pada siswa SD dan SDIT, dan sebesar 1.556 dengan p = 0.127 atau p > 0.05 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan kreativitas yang signifikan pada siswa yang memiliki inteligensi tinggi dan rendah. Sistem pendidikan memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 1.14 % terhadap kreativitas siswa dan inteligensi memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 7.2 % terhadap kreativitas siswa

Rapid changes in global education directly affect each education aspects including skills that should be mastered by students and teaching strategy used. Moreover, developments of education in the 21st century put stronger importance on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in which critical thinking skills include. In this case, the teacher's questioning as a strategy promoting HOTS to cultivate critical thinking skills will be the concern of this research. The research aimed to examine the level of questions used by the teacher and its contributions to students' critical thinking. The research was carried out using case study design in Senior High School in East Java. In obtaining the data, classroom observation, field notes, and interviews were employed. The results showed that the teacher used both low order questions and high order questions. Additionally, it was also found that lower-order thinking questions could not facilitate students to think critically, however, it only leads the students to understand the concept given. Hence, it was suggested to maximize the use of higher-order levels questions to train the students to think critically.

Cognitive is an essential developmental aspect for children. The cognitive barrier is one of the learning barriers experienced by children with autism. From educational perspective, teacher language input can appropriately develop cognitive abilities of autistic students. This study aims to describe (1) teacher's language input for recognizing the cognitive abilities of autistic students in classroom interactions and (2) cognitive abilities of autistic students based on teacher language input in classroom interactions. The approach of the study was conducted qualitatively with case study, while source of data was oral texts from the teacher language input toward autistic students in classroom. The results shows that the cognitive abilities of autistic students can be recognized through teacher's language input in classroom learning by engaging interrogative speech acts, such as representative, directive, expressive, and commissive. The cognitive level is used to see the variants of the teacher's language input. Meanwhile, the acquisition of students' cognitive abilities based on teacher language's input is developed through memorizing, understanding, applying, and analyzing skills with criteria student A and B in the medium category, and G in low category.