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Presents a study that proposed a high-efficiency flat-surface buried heterostructure (BH) distributed feedback laser. Description of an InGaAsP/indium phosphide flat-surface BH distributed feedback laser; Structural features of the laser; Fabrication of the laser using a three-step liquid phase epitaxy.

We report the fabrication of GaAs-based quantum-dot (QD) lasers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) above 1.3 m. We fabricated a laser diode with ten stacked InAs-Sb:GaAs(100) QD layers, grown by antimony-surfactant-mediated growth. Ground-state lasing was obtained under continuous-wave operation at room temperature at 1.35 mum, with a maximum ground state modal gain of 19.3 cm-1. These values are the highest values reported for MOCVD-grown GaAs-based QD laser. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors report the fabrication of GaAs-based quantum dot (QD) lasers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition above 1.30 μm. They fabricated a laser diode with five stacked InAs/Sb:GaAs(100) QD layers, grown by antimony-surfactant-mediated growth. Ground state lasing was obtained at 1.34 μm, with internal quantum efficiency of 62%, internal loss of 4.5 cm-1 and ground state modal gain above 12 cm-1. Lasing above 1.30 μm could be achieved because of the beneficial effects of antimony on both the coherent InAs/Sb:GaAs QD density and the suppression of the emission blueshift, usually observed for InAs/GaAs QDs during postgrowth annealing at 600 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming precast concrete using expansion material, we will confirm the influence of curing conditions on the basic physical properties of mortar with regard to the free expansion coefficient, constraint expansion coefficient and strength, using two types of expansive materials widely used in Japan . As a result, it was confirmed that the higher the curing temperature, the higher the strength regardless of the addition of the expansion material. In addition, it was confirmed that both the free expansion coefficient and the constrained expansion ratio had an effect irrespective of the curing temperature of the lime type expansion material.

Context: International differences in compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis are poorly characterized and could contribute to international survival differences.Objective: To compare international differences in patient compliance with hemodialysis treatments.Design: A prospective observational study of patients undergoing hemodialysis in 1995 and a cross-sectional survey of health care professionals caring for hemodialyzed patients in 1996.Setting and Patients: Four dialysis centers in the southeastern United States with 415 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 1 center in Sweden with 84 patients, and 4 centers in Japan with 194 patients participated in the prospective observational study. In the cross-sectional survey, nurses and nephrologists from the United States (n = 49), Japan (n = 21), and Sweden (n = 16) responded to questions regarding the compliance of their patients undergoing hemodialysis.Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of patients who miss a dialysis treatment and number of missed dialysis treatments.Results: Of 415 US patients, 147 missed 699 treatments over a 6-month period (28.1 missed treatments per 100 patient-months or 2.3% of all prescribed treatments). During a 3-month period, there were 0 missed treatments per 100 patient-months for patients from Japan and 0 missed treatments per 100 patient-months for patients from Sweden (P<.001). In the cross-sectional survey, the mean (SD) estimated percentage of patients missing a treatment per month was 4% (3%) for the United States, 0% for Japan, and 0.1% (3%) for Sweden (P<.001).Conclusions: Noncompliance is much more common in US patients undergoing hemodialysis than Swedish and Japanese patients. The implications of these results for international differences in survival deserve further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Many patients with endometriosis are treated with medication or by surgical approaches. However, a small number of patients do not respond to medication and are inoperable because of comorbidities. This case report shows the effectiveness of radiotherapy for refractory endometriosis and includes a time series of serum estradiol levels. Case presentation A 47-year-old Asian woman presented to our facility with uncontrolled endometriosis refractory to medication. Our patient was considered inoperable because of severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and underwent radiotherapy for massive genital bleeding requiring blood transfusions. A radiation dose of 20Gy in 10 fractions was delivered to the pelvis, including the bilateral ovaries, uterus, and myomas. An additional 10Gy in five fractions was delivered to the endometrium to control residual bleeding. Genital bleeding was completely inhibited on day 46 after radiotherapy. Hormonal analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced post-menopausal status. Two years after radiotherapy, atypical genital bleeding had not recurred and has been well controlled without side effects. Conclusions Disrupted ovarian function is an adverse effect of radiotherapy. However, radiotherapy can be useful for inducing menopause. In cases of medication-refractory or inoperable endometriosis, radiotherapy would be an effective treatment option.