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In addition to many materials, silver vanadate (AgVO3) has gained interest due to its antimicrobial properties, which opens up the potential for use as an antibacterial agent for biomedical applications. This work aimed to study the effect of AgVO3 addition on the structural and morphological properties of a developed dental porcelain (DP) prepared from natural raw materials. AgVO3 nanowires, prepared by the coprecipitation method, were added in different amounts (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) to a DP mass with the initial composition of 80 wt.% feldspar, 15 wt.% quartz, and 5 wt.% kaolin, obtained by sintering the mixture at 1300 °C. The structural and morphological properties of AgVO3 and DP were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed the formation of α-AgVO3 nanowires coated with semispherical metallic silver nanoparticles. Moreover, α-AgVO3 additions do not influence the structural and morphological properties of DP, with the presence of Ag and V clearly identified in the DP with the α-AgVO3 addition. Our findings highlight the potential of this novel material for use in various dental applications. Future studies need to establish the antibacterial properties of the prepared dental material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal perovskites Ba3TiRu2O9 and Ba3ZrRu2O9 are investigated in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) utilizing the generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard (U) (GGA + U) and modified Becke Johnson (GGA + mBJ) potential. Stable magnetic phase energies and magnetic susceptibility describe the antiferromagnetic (AFM) nature of Ba3TiRu2O9 and paramagnetic (PM) nature of Ba3ZrRu2O9. The electronic band profiles of these perovskites in their respective magnetic phases and electrical resistivity show that both compounds are metallic in nature. Due to high Neel temperature and AFM nature makes Ba3TiRu2O9 suitable candidates for spintronic and magnetic cloaking applications while PM metallic nature of Ba3ZrRu2O9 make it useful for biological applications to control signal to noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study utilizes the OLCAO-LBFGS-GGA-PBESol method to investigate the structural properties of both doped and undoped brookite TiO2. Electronic characteristics are explored employing the OLCAO-LBFGS-MGGA-TB09+c approach. Detailed analyses of Density of States (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS) are conducted to understand band structures. Both doped and undoped scenarios exhibit a direct bandgap. Moreover, doping induces a reduction in the bandgap value, enhancing its potential for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. The study also establishes a strong agreement between the derived lattice parameters and bandgap for pure brookite TiO2 and experimental lattice parameters and bandgap value. The structural and electronic properties of brookite were examined with a focus on both doped and un-doped samples. Structural characteristics match experimental results with less than 0.5% variation. Bandgap values for the un-doped case shows only 0.294% variation with experimental value. Doping leads to structural deformation and significantly lowers bandgap energy value (Eg), enhancing usability for various applications such as photocatalytic activities and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconducting Cu2O have excellent optical and electronic properties and are more promising candidates for advanced electronic applications. In the current study, pure and 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5% Zn doped Cu2O compositions were studied using density functional theory in the framework of wien2k-code. Experimentally, uniform and smooth thin films of these compositions were successfully synthesized through the spin coating technique. The elemental composition and morphology were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Crystallographic analysis of thin films shows a cubic phase structure having space-group 224 Pn-3m. The total density of states confirms the overlapping of states at the Fermi level for Zn-doped compositions. The significant variations in thermoelectric parameters observed with change of temperature for pure and Zn substituted Cu2O compositions, especially the Seebeck-coefficient values vary from 2.5 × 10−4 to 5.5 × 10−5 VK−1 for these cuprous oxide compositions. The optical-parameter such as absorption and extinction coefficient curves reached maxima at the highest photon energies. The enhancement in transmittance power and reduction in the band gap energy from 2.08 eV to 1.75 eV with the substitution of Zn material enhanced the availability of these compositions for advanced applications. Highlights: DFT calculations of Zn substituted Cu2O compositions. Phase pure growth of uniform and smooth thin films. Cubic phase detected having space-group 224 Pn-3m. A significant variation was observed in thermoelectric and optical properties. Band gap was reduced from 2.08 eV to 1.75 eV with substitution of Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to manufacture quaternary nanocomposites from a mixture of two polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with two nanomaterials, cobalt trioxide (Co2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, by casting and forming films with different weight ratios (2, 4,6 and 8) w.t.%. Which consider these nanocomposites promising for many modern applications, such as nanodevices and pressure sensors, have a distinct physical and chemical nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the appearance of aggregates and agglomerates randomly distributed on the upper surface of (PVA-PEG-SiO2-Co2O3) nanocomposite films when reach a weight percentage of 8%. Using an optical microscope, the images indicate the formation of an interconnected network within the polymer matrix of (SiO2-Co2O3) nanoparticles, compared to the pure film (PVA-PEG). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) also showed the creep of the peak location and changes in the peak shape and intensity. The electrical properties of alternating current indicated that the dielectric loss and dielectric constant decrease with increasing frequency of the applied electric field and, at the same time, increase with increasing concentration of NPs. When they reaching a concentration of 8% by weight in (SiO2-Co2O3) NPs and at a frequency of f = 100 Hz, the dielectric constant and A.C. electrical conductivity of the (PVA-PEG) mixture augment by about 100% and 60%, respectively. The results we obtained from the study indicate that combining nanoparticles (SiO2-Co2O3) with (PVA-PEG) leads to improving the electrical and structural properties. The outcomes of the pressure sensor deployment show that, in comparison to other sensors, the (PVA-PEG-SiO2-Co2O3) nanostructures have better ecological durability, extraordinary flexibility, and exceptional pressure sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(CoFe2O4)1-x/(Mg0.9Ni0.1O)x nanocomposites, with weight fraction x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1, have been synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by high-speed ball milling technique. The structural and optical properties of the prepared samples have been studied. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the two pure phases CoFe2O4 and Mg0.9Ni0.1O, without the formation of any impurities or minor phases in the nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) followed by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and SAED were used to study the morphology, crystallinity and lattice spacing, respectively. TEM micrographs revealed the co-existence of spherical particles for both pure phases and their nanocomposites. The second-order kinetic model was employed to investigate the adsorption efficiency of the nanocomposites for removing malachite green (MG) dye from the solution. Among the prepared samples, superior adsorption performance was revealed by (CoFe2O4)0.2/(Mg0.9Ni0.1O)0.8 and Mg0.9Ni0.1O. (CoFe2O4)0.2/(Mg0.9Ni0.1O)0.8 nanocomposites were chosen as the best candidate among all samples as they possess magnetic properties which makes them easily removed from the solution after the adsorption process. Different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms) were used to determine the adsorption isotherm, and the results are consistent with the Langmuir theoretical model. The adsorption was further investigated by varying adsorbent concentration, pH of MG solution and reaction temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical groups and molecular weights of polysaccharides have marked effects on their biological activities. This study evaluated the effect of γ-irradiation on the structural properties, prebiotic potential, and antioxidant activity of hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) seed polysaccharides. The hawthorn seeds polysaccharides (HSP) were irradiated by γ-ray at doses of 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 KGy. After the γ-irradiation treatment, their particle size and molecular weight were reduced depending on the irradiation dose increment. γ-Irradiation had no effects on the composition of monosaccharides; however, it impacted their quantities, leading to notable increases in the levels of glucose, galactose, and glucuronic acid. The FTIR and NMR spectra demonstrated that the number of hydroxyl groups increased after γ-irradiation. Furthermore, γ-irradiation increased the antioxidant activity and prebiotic potential of HSP. Based on the relationship between the antioxidant and prebiotic potential and physicochemical attributes of HSP, γ-irradiation can be used as an appropriate method to modify polysaccharides and increase their biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles have been produced utilizing a high-purity copper target and a conventional laser system with two separate pulsed laser wavelengths (1064 and 532 nm), which have not been explored in previous works. Physical properties of these wavelengths have been studied. Measurements were made of the particle size, shape, and size distributions. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analyses indicated that the nanofilms were deposited at 1064 nm and are cubic structures with discrimination along the (110) direction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 76 to 57.5 nm. UV spectroscopy was utilized to determine the optical characteristics of the colloidal solution. The material seems to have a modest UV-VIS spectrum. The flour peak is around 590 nm, which indicates the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles. The indirect bandgap (2.36–2.2 eV), respectively, exhibits a pronounced red shift. These nanoparticles are most likely the result of quantum confinement processes at nanoscales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this research is to improve the silicon dioxide (SiO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanostructures' structural, optical, and dielectric properties. The casting method with varied concentrations of CoO-SiO2 NPs (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt.%) was used to create PVA-CoO-SiO2 NCs. Structural, optical, and electrical characteristics were investigated. Using optical microscopy, it was discovered that the CoO-SiO2 NPs form a coherent network inside the polymer matrix, in contrast to the pure PVA film. FTIR analysis shows no chemical interaction between polymer and nanoparticles. Experimental results of the optical properties of PVA-CoO-SiO2 nanocomposites revealed that the absorption, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, the real and imaginary part of dielectric constant, and optical conductivity of PVA increased with increasing concentrations of CoO-SiO2 NPs, whereas the transmittance and energy gap (allowed and forbidden) decrease. The optical energy gap of indirect transitions (allowed and prohibited) decreased from 4.37 eV to 1.74 eV and from 4 eV to 1.2 eV, respectively, and these results may be key to using the PVA-CoO-SiO2 nanostructures in different photonics fields and optoelectronics nanodevices. The alternating current electrical properties of nanocomposites reveal that when the frequency of the applied electric field increases, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease, while AC electrical conductivity increases. On the other hand, the dielectric properties of nanocomposites increased as the concentration of CoO-SiO2 NPs increased. The study's findings imply that including CoO-SiO2 nanoparticles in the PVA doping process improved structural, optical, and electrical characteristics, making the PVA-CoO-SiO2 NCs suitable materials for different optoelectronic nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the stability of composite structures in the marine environment is crucial. The harsh and corrosive nature of marine conditions presents unique challenges, making maintenance a top priority. In this study, the impact of seawater aging on the mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites was investigated. Composites were produced using the VARTM method with 2% nano Al2O3 and 2% nano TiO2. Aging was conducted in a seawater environment at room temperature for 120, 240, and 360 days. Mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, and buckling tests, were performed, and water absorption was determined. Structural analysis was carried out using SEM images. The experimental results indicated that the presence of nanoparticles minimized the effect of seawater. TiO2 preserved tensile strength by 10.33%, impact energy by 6.8%, and critical buckling load by 3.06% compared to the pure composite. Al2O3 reduced water absorption to 0.594% and preserved tensile strength by 6.67%, impact energy by 4.02%, and critical buckling load by 2%. Thermal test revealed an increase in thermal conductivity with aging, with the TiO2‐doped composite exhibiting the smallest increase (14.66%). The significance of the obtained results was confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Highlights: Glass fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite was produced with nano Al2O3 and TiO2.The effect of seawater aging was investigated.It showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are a good candidate against seawater aging.The experimental results showed statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Psyllium husk has attracted increasing interest in food applications due to its well‐known health benefits. Size reduction is an important mechanical operation used to tailor the functional properties of materials. In this study, the physicochemical properties and colloidal stability of the PHPs with different sizes were characterised by particle size distribution, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the size effects of psyllium husk on surimi gel properties were investigated in terms of the gel strength, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and water distribution. The results found that milling changed the monosaccharide composition and increased the diffraction intensity of psyllium husk powder (PHP) without disrupting the β‐glycosidic linkages. Furthermore, the XPS results suggested that smaller samples showed more exposed surface functional groups. The PHP3 group with average size of d (0.5) = 259.50 μm exhibited the highest absolute zeta potential. The viscosity and zeta potential of PHP correlated positively and negatively with the gel strength of surimi, respectively. Moreover, the micronized PHP also contributed to the increase in immobilised water content and uniform water distribution in surimi gels. The high viscosity and colloidal stability of psyllium husk (PHP3 group) contributed to the improved mechanical properties of surimi gels. This work provides a valuable reference for the potential use of psyllium husk in quality improvement of surimi products through size control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, an important group of biomaterials used in the research in the field of tissue engineering is thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels. Their main advantage is the possibility of introducing their precursors (sols) into the implantation site using a minimally invasive method—by injection. In this publication, the results of studies on the new chitosan structures in the form of thermosensitive hydrogels containing graphene oxide as a nanofiller are presented. These systems were prepared from chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions with the use of a salt of pyrimidine nucleotide—uridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt—as the cross-linking agent. In order to perform the characterization of the developed hydrogels, the sol–gel transition temperature of the colloidal systems was first determined based on rheological measurements. The hydrogels were also analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Biological studies assessed the cytotoxicity (resazurin assay) and genotoxicity (alkaline version of the comet assay) of the nanocomposite chitosan hydrogels against normal human BJ fibroblasts. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the developed hydrogels containing graphene oxide are an attractive material for potential use as scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heracleum dissectum is rich in nutrients, but there is little research on its soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, SDF from H. dissectum was extracted by enzyme extraction (E‐SDF), enzyme chemical extraction (EC‐SDF), and fermentation extraction (F‐SDF). The composition, molecular weight (Mw), structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of SDF extracted by the three methods were compared. This study showed that different extraction methods lead to differences in their structure. The Mw results showed that F‐SDF had the largest Mw, the structure of SDF could be destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, and large molecules could be converted into small molecules. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the main sugars of E‐SDF, EC‐SDF, and F‐SDF were galacturonic acid and galactose, and the main components of the three SDF samples were hemicellulose hydrolyzed pectin and soluble polysaccharide. Notably, E‐SDF had the greatest antioxidant effect at the same concentration. In summary, different extraction methods can affect the structure and antioxidant capacity of H. dissectum SDF, among which E‐SDF has potential as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) semiconductor films are electrodeposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates at 80 °C base temperature for different boric acid (H3BO3) ratios. The effect of boric acid on these films is investigated. For this, first of all, the structural change of the films is examined. Among the films obtained with different boric acid ratios, the optimum film is achieved with 0.06 m boric acid doped. From the basic absorption spectra (αhʋ) of the obtained CdS:B films, the variation of hʋ is drawn and it is determined that the CdS:B semiconductor films has a direct band transition. From the basic absorption spectra of the obtained CdS:B films, it is observed that the CdS:B semiconductor films has a direct band transition. In addition, the optical energy bandgap values obtained are in agreement with the values in the available literatures. The results of the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the films produced in this study indicate that among the selected additive ratios, 1% boric acid gives the best and optimum deposition condition. The thin films obtained are also found to be useful as absorber layers in photovoltaic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complex networks, as an important model for studying complex systems, have been gradually studied in various extension models. Firstly, the network is proved to be sparse by calculating the density of the extending pseudo-fractal network. Secondly, it is proved that the network nodes conform the power-law distribution by enumerate the degree sequence of nodes with power law index |$ 2 \lt \gamma \leq 2.585 $| shows that the network has scale-free feature. Thirdly, it is also demonstrated that the average clustering coefficient |$ \overline{C_{g}} $| can reach a theoretical lower limit value 0.8182 and the increase of extension coefficient m makes the |$ \overline{C_{g}} $| higher than traditional fractal networks. Fourthly, we derive the analytical expression and limit expression of the average path length, and conclude that it has small-world effect. Meanwhile, it is shown that the average path length |$ \overline{D_{g}} $| is logarithmically related to Ng growth relationship in Fg. Finally, it is concluded that this extended pseudo-fractal network becomes more effective under the effect of m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) ceramics are one of the most important materials used for different applications like thermal barrier coatings, refractories, oxygen-permeating membranes, and dental and bone implants. In this work, the structural, morphological, and optical properties of bulk MgPSZ, Ca-PSZ, and Ce-PSZ, prepared by solid state reaction at high temperature, were comparatively evaluated. Laser diffraction analyses revealed particles by thousands orders of magnitude larger compared to crystallite sizes determined from X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), more evidenced in the case of CaPSZ. The structural analyses indicated the presence of both m- and t-ZrO2 phases, in different ratios, depending on the doping cation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the homogenous distribution of the elements through mixed oxides. Further, optical properties evaluated in terms of ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS) revealed that the doped ZrO2 samples showed a smaller bandgap compared with pure ZrO2, which may be due to the incorporation of magnesia, calcia or ceria in the ZrO2 matrix. The maximum bandgap reduction of ZrO2 was observed on Ca-PSZ, having a value of 3.52 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional pure and Ni-doped zinc oxide nanorods (NRs) were prepared by chemical bath technique. Some physical properties like optical, morphological and structural were examined for prepared NRs. The result of X-ray diffraction XRD was exposed that the crystal structure was hexagonal for both pure and Ni-doped NRs where there is no change in the crystal system but some small shifting in diffraction angle appeared. The chemical composition and the presence of Ni atoms in the ZnO were approved by EDX test. Additionally, morphology investigation of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is conducted and showed that the shape of prepared materials was NRs. A red shift in the absorption spectrum and band gap happened after doping with Ni where the energy gap dropped from 3.72 for ZnO to 3.5 eV for ZnO:Ni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate how electroless nickel-phosphorus-coated Manganese Aluminum Bronze (MAB-CU4) alloys react to corrosion in a 0.5 M NaCl environment. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the coating layer has a cauliflower-like structure, and there are some porosities within the coating from the release of H2 gas during the coating's deposition. EDS analysis detected only Ni and P on the coating, while XRD analysis indicated that the coating has an amorphous and nanocrystalline structure. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed that the untreated MAB-Cu4 alloy's Ecorr value dropped to -0.47 V in 1000 seconds and then stabilized. Within 200 seconds, the Ni-P-coated MAB-Cu4 alloy's corrosion potential dropped to -0.425 V from -0.412 V. Then, a progressive increase brought the potential value to -0.395V around the 2000th second. Upon examination of the anodic polarisation curve for the Ni-P-coated MAB-Cu4 alloy, it was found that the Ecorr value was lower than that of the untreated alloy (-0.532 V). The Ni-P-coated sample exhibits higher intensity values at low and medium frequencies compared to the untreated sample, indicating that the corrosion mechanism is identical for both samples; however, the Ni-P-coated sample exhibits superior corrosion resistance. Considering the frequent exposure of MAB alloys to corrosive environments, the implementation of an electroless nickel phosphorus coating may potentially improve their resistance to corrosion and extend their operational lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polymer-based appliances are vulnerable to bacterial infections and pose a significant concern in biomedical field. Potential sources of infections have been found to be two categories of strain, namely Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), necessitating a comprehensive exploration of innovative materials and strategies to mitigate this issue. Accordingly, this work targeted to determine the effect of 1% and 7% Cu-TiO2 on the antibacterial activity of PP composite against S. aureus and E. coli. In this work, oval-shaped Cu-TiO2 were fabricated by a hydrothermal method and then incorporated into the PP by internal mixing. Subsequently, XRD, TEM, FESEM, and EDS were used to characterize the Cu-TiO2-PP composite. The structural properties of PP composite were greatly altered with dispersion of Cu-TiO2. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that the bactericidal efficiency of Cu-TiO2-PP composite on microorganisms greatly improved with metal-ionic systems compared with pure PP. This work throws some new insight in addressing catheter-related blood-stream infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to improve the electrical properties of nanostructures made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), silicon carbide (SiC), and cerium dioxide (CeO2) so that they may be used in electronic nanodevices and flexible pressure sensors. Using a casting procedure, PVA/CeO2/SiC films containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% CeO2/SiC nanoparticles were produced. When the weight% of (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nancomposites (NCs) films reaches 8%, field emission scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) investigation reveals cohesive aggregates or fragments that are randomly spread on the top surface. Unlike the pure (PVA) film, optical microscopy (OM) has shown that the (CeO2/SiC) nanoparticles (NPs) form a network inside the polymer matrix. The FTIR study showed that the physical interaction between polymer matrix (PVA) and CeO2/SiC nanoparticles. Analyses of the dielectric properties of PVA/CeO2/SiC nanocomposites showed that, as frequency increased, both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decreased, while its increase when the ratio of (CeO2/SiC)NPs increases. When the frequency and ratio of (CeO2/SiC) NPs in (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nanocomposites increase, the A.C electrical conductivity also increases. Results showed that the dielectric characteristics of PVA/CeO2/SiC films improved with increasing pressure, suggesting that these nanostructures might be promising as pressure sensors. The outcomes of the pressure sensor's application show that the (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nanostructures outperform competing sensors in terms of pressure sensitivity, flexibility, and environmental durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS) glass system has high commercial values due to its very low thermal expansion coefficients and its very high chemical resistance among other properties. In this study, the preparation of LAS-based glass–ceramics (G-Cs) is reported, and the influence of P2O5 as a nucleating agent for crystallizing the amorphous glass structure at different rates into this glass composition, on the physical, structural, and mechanical properties is presented. The influece of different crytalization temperature on the crystal size and micreostructure as well as the radiation absorption abilities of the G-Cs were also investigated. The G-Cs were prepared using the melt and quench method and subjected to different temperature regimes to crystallise. The crystallinity of the prepared samples was examined with the aid of X-ray Diffraction analysis, while their chemical composition was probed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) of the samples were estimated for 15 keV–15 MeV photons using the well-known WinXCom software. Lithium silicate with the main phase formulation Li0.75Al0.75Si2.25O6 was identified as the main crystalline phase within the residual glass phase. The increase in P2O5 content slightly diminishes the photon absorption abilities of the G-Cs. However, the G-Cs showed better photon absorption prowess compared to some notable shielding materials. The G-Cs are thus important shielding materials useful for radiation control purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prepare calcium supplements for efficient absorption and utilization in the human body, this study focused on synthesizing SNP-Ca by chelating Squarrosus nudus peptide (SNP) with calcium. We characterized its structure, stability, and calcium uptake properties in Caco-2 cells and its impact on osteogenic activity in vitro. Optimal preparation conditions were determined: a peptide-calcium mass ratio of 5:1, a 30-min reaction time, a temperature of 60 °C, and a pH of 7.0. Under these conditions, a calcium chelating rate of 68.32 % was achieved. Calcium binds to the peptide primarily via carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms, and the morphology of SNP-Ca was similar to porous nanoflowers. Our cellular experiments revealed that SNP-Ca significantly increases calcium uptake in Caco-2 cells, stimulating proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, zebrafish larvae models showed enhanced bone formation following SNP-Ca administration. SNP-Ca has the potential of a novel calcium supplement.

Recent progress in the development of optical communication and high power laser systems in the near-infrared (NIR) region (1.5 to 2.0 μm) increased the demand for magneto-optic (MO) devices employing MO materials. These MO materials are required with lower optical absorption coefficients and higher Verdet constants at spectral range of interest. In this study, two series of highly Dy3+-doped GeO2–B2O3 glasses with and without P2O5 were fabricated using a simple melt-quenching technique. The glasses were characterized through various techniques (Raman, UV–VIS-NIR, and DTA) for the evaluation of characteristic properties with respect to the Dy2O3 concentration and glass composition. Faraday rotation measurement was carried out at 1550 nm to quantify the Verdet constant of the glasses. The Verdet constant values were found to increase linearly with increasing Dy3+ concentration for both the glass systems. The increase in Dy3+ concentration and, consequently, the number of unpaired electrons, leads to an increase in the Verdet constant. The GeO2-B2O3 glass doped with 30 mol% of Dy2O3 exhibited the highest Verdet constant of −5.36 rad/(T⋅m) at 1550 nm. The glasses exhibited a good optical transparency (>70 %) in the region covering from 400 to 2400 nm. The thermo-physical, optical, and polarizability properties of both glass systems were also investigated. The results indicate that the highly Dy3+-doped glasses are attractive for magneto-optics at 1550 nm.

Environmental concerns linked to animal-based protein production have intensified interest in sustainable alternatives, with a focus on underutilized plant proteins. Faba beans, primarily used for animal feed, offer a high-quality protein source with promising bioactive compounds for food applications. This study explores the efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction under optimal conditions (123 W power, 1:15 g/mL solute/solvent ratio, 41 min sonication, 623 mL total volume) to isolate faba bean protein (U-FBPI). The ultrasound-assisted method achieved a protein extraction yield of 19.75 % and a protein content of 92.87 %, outperforming the control method’s yield of 16.41 % and protein content of 89.88 %. Electrophoretic analysis confirmed no significant changes in the primary structure of U-FBPI compared to the control. However, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed modifications in the secondary structure due to ultrasound treatment. The U-FBPI demonstrated superior water and oil holding capacities compared to the control protein isolate, although its foaming capacity was reduced by ultrasound. Thermal analysis indicated minimal impact on the protein’s thermal properties under the applied ultrasound conditions. This research highlights the potential of ultrasound-assisted extraction for improving the functional properties of faba bean protein isolates, presenting a viable approach for advancing plant-based food production and contributing to sustainable protein consumption.

Nonthermal cold plasma technology has emerged as a novel and promising approach for modifying starch, offering distinct advantages over traditional methods. This article explores the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in cold plasma technology to modify starch molecules. Cold plasma treatment generates reactive species and electromagnetic fields that induce controlled physical and chemical changes in starch, including cross-linking and chemical functionalization. These modifications influence fundamental properties of starch, such as gelatinization temperature, viscosity, and structural integrity. Moreover, the nonthermal nature of cold plasma preserves the integrity of heat-sensitive compounds in starch, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in the food and material industries. By optimizing process parameters, such as gas composition and treatment duration, cold plasma technology enables precise and tailored modifications of starch to meet specific functional requirements. So, a comprehensive understanding of the physical mechanism behind cold plasma technology for starch modification opens up new avenues for innovation in the food industry. Starch-based products that have been altered by cold plasma to have improved qualities and be used in a wide range of industries.

This study aimed to analyse the physicochemical, structural, functional, and thermal properties of flour from two indigenous Ethiopian Potato (Plectranthus edulis) varieties, Chanqua and Loffo, and to compare with wheat flour (WF). The study also investigated how oven and sun drying methods affected the physicochemical properties of the flours. The results demonstrated a significant distinction (p ≤ 0.05) between the flour samples and WF, attributable to variations in both the varieties and the drying methods except that no significant difference in pH was observed due to the varieties, and the fibre and ash content did not vary significantly with the drying methods. The moisture content (MC) of the flours ranged from 5.72 % in oven-dried Chanqua Ethiopian potato flour (OD-CEPF) to 7.53 % in sun-dried Loffo Ethiopian potato flour (SD-LEPF), both of which were lower compared to WF. The protein content varied from 4.47 % (SD-CEPF) to 5.93 % (OD-LEPF). FTIR tests revealed a significant impact on the structural changes, leading to variations in the location and intensity of infrared absorption peaks, particularly in sensitive regions. Whereas, the XRD patterns showed characteristic B-type diffraction, with a relative crystallinity (RC) of 31.97 % in CEPF and 30.53 % in LEPF having a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between them. LEPF had better flow properties than CEPF, with lower Hausner ratio (HR) (1.16 vs. 1.25), Carr's index (CI) (14.51 % vs. 20.26 %), and angle of repose (31.00° vs. 34.67°). It also showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and swelling power (SP) properties than CEPF. The study also indicated notable distinctions in the thermal and paring properties of flours. The oven drying method was found to be superior in enhancing the physicochemical properties, with LEPF showing better physicochemical, functional, structural, and thermal properties than CEPF.

In this groundbreaking study, we unveil the remarkable structural, electronic, and optical Properties of the newly discovered double perovskite material, K2AgBiI6, presenting a paradigm shift in materials science. The unique crystal structure and diverse atomic interactions inherent in this double perovskite make it an up-and-coming candidate for various technological applications, particularly in photovoltaics; owing to its stability and resistance to heat and humidity, we aim to shed light on the extraordinary potential of K2AgBiI6. Our study provides valuable insights for researchers engaged in tailored material design. We anticipate that the exceptional electronic properties of K2AgBiI6 will not only redefine the boundaries of materials engineering but also catalyze unprecedented advances in sustainable technology. Employing the powerful computational tool CASTEP, we conducted detailed electronic structure calculations within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) to unravel the electronic properties of the double perovskite K2AgBiI6. Our investigation thoroughly explored structural properties, band structure, total density of states (DOS), and partial density of states (PDOS). Furthermore, we systematically examined the influence of different exchange-correlation functionals, including LDA, GGA, and m-GGA, on the electronic and optical features of the material by presenting a comparative analysis of these approximations.

With the rapid growth of the textile, leather, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, concerns about pollutants in these sectors, especially dye pollutants, are increasing. This research characterizes bacterial nanocellulose acetate membranes made from Sargassum extract reinforced with copper oxide nanoparticles and tests their antibacterial properties and dye removal in water. Sargassum sp. extract was fermented using Acetobacter xylinum for 10 days, producing bacterial nanocellulose, which was then esterified to create bacterial nanocellulose acetate. Copper oxide nanoparticles were added to the bacterial nanocellulose acetate solution in varying concentrations, cast, and oven-dried. The membrane was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, antibacterial activity, and dye removal. Results showed uniform copper oxide nanoparticles distribution on the membrane surface. Structure analysis revealed diffraction peaks at 35.44° and 38.57°, indicating a reduced crystalline index but improved membrane effectiveness. Antibacterial tests showed a zone of inhibition against bacterial growth, increasing with higher copper oxide nanoparticle content. The addition of copper oxide nanoparticles also influenced the dye removal capacity for Metanil Yellow, Congo Red, Eosin Yellow, Methylene Blue, and Malachite Green. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-first-order model, with higher correlation coefficients (R2) compared to the pseudo-second-order model.