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Error-correcting codes add redundancy to transmitted data to ensure reliable communication over noisy channels. Since they form the foundations of digital communication, their correctness is a matter of concern. To enable trustful verification of linear error-correcting codes, we have been carrying out a systematic formalization in the Coq proof-assistant. This formalization includes the material that one can expect of a university class on the topic: the formalization of well-known codes (Hamming, Reed–Solomon, Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem) and also a glimpse at modern coding theory. We demonstrate the usefulness of our formalization by extracting a verified decoder for low-density parity-check codes based on the sum-product algorithm. To achieve this formalization, we needed to develop a number of libraries on top of Coq’s Mathematical Components. Special care was taken to make them as reusable as possible so as to help implementers and researchers dealing with error-correcting codes in the future.

Objective: Health is a very important asset of all individuals, worldwide. The prevalence of mental disease is increasing in an alarming rate, which is estimated to be 6–7 million people torment with severe mental disorders and is about ten times more with mild mental disorders. This study is conducted to assess the oral health status and estimate the dental treatment needs of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted for a period of 2 months at a psychiatric hospital. In the study, 275 patients were examined by the investigator. The Chi-square test was applied to discrete data and one-way ANOVA for continuous data. Multivariate analyses were carried out to test the association of age, frequency of cleaning teeth, and materials used for cleaning teeth. Results: The results revealed high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene and periodontal health, and extensive unmet dental treatment needs. Conclusion: Psychiatric patients are the special groups in the community who require special care and social support from not only from the family but also from the society. Dentists are required to understand the psychiatric illness and oral health implications and carry out preventive measures to prevent oral diseases, for which the psychiatric patients are at high risk to occur.

The routes of transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still need to be better identified; however, human-to-human transmission is already a reality in many countries. This study aims to gather recommendations from health agencies and studies published in scientific articles related to special procedures for oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the perioperative period of urgency and emergency. The possibility of cross infection by inhalation of particles produced during surgical procedures justifies the study. This study assesses the COVID-19 routes of transmission and the possibility of cross-contamination through droplets of saliva transformed into aerosols. We consider that when the oral and maxillofacial surgeon adopts special procedures in the perioperative period, it may help prevent the virus transmission in both professionals and patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess oral health status and self-perceived oral health in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: Thedecayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the community periodontal (CPI) index were used to assess oral health status and self-perceived oral health in 128 HD patients.Salivary flow (SF) and pH were also measured. Results: Mean age was 56.2±17.1 years and mean DMFT was 23±9.14. There were 41 (32%) edentulous participants and 81 (94.3%) non-edentulous participants presented periodontal alterations. SF was normal (≥1.0ml/min) in five (3.9%) participants before HD and in 17 (13.3%) participants after HD. SF was very low (≤ 0.3ml/min) in 60 (46.9%) participants before HD and in 26 (20.3%) participants after HD. The difference in SF before (0.39±0.28ml/min) and after (0.60±0.34ml/min) HD was significant (p

This paper presents the results of research into the impact of organizational financial performance items (and financial performance dimension) on workplace bullying and mistreatment. The research was conducted in organizations in Serbia, and the respondents were employees in these organizations. A total of 536 questionnaires were collected, which were valid for further analysis. The results showed that most of the observed financial performance items did not have a statistically significant impact on workplace bullying in organizations. However, the item Salaries; statistically significantly, strongly and negatively affects all observed workplace bullying dimensions and self-labelling (mistreatment) items. Thus, low employee salaries provide fertile ground for the development of workplace bullying. Conversely, with an increase in employee salaries, there is a decrease in all aspects of workplace bullying. The paper gives explanations for these phenomena. It is important for leaders and managers in business organizations to know the processes and relationships researched here. Special care should be taken in conditions of unfavourable organizational financial performance, and especially low salaries of employees.

Endodontic treatment of fused teeth needs special care and attention due to its complex anatomy. The aim of this article is to highlight the problems encountered and the strategy in treating such cases. We report a case of unilateral fusion of the left mandibular central incisor and lateral incisor, with a single pulp chamber. The single pulp chamber separates into two root canals and a large communication exists at the apical third of the root canals. This is the first time fused teeth with a large communication is reported. CBCT analysis was effective in confirming the morphological aberrations and aided in accurate planning and treatment. Chemomechanical preparation with manual dynamic irrigation coupled with passive ultrasonic activation of the irrigant and obturation with thermoplasticised gutta percha helped in successful outcome of the case.

Immunohistochemistry and special stains play an increasingly important role in gastrointestinal pathology practice. In neoplastic disorders they are used to confirm the diagnosis, identify prognostic/predictive features, and screen for an underlying genetic syndrome. In nonneoplastic disorders they can identify an infectious organism, clarify the inflammatory infiltrate present, and confirm a tissue deposition. In this review we discuss the most important and topical of these stains, especially ones which require special care in interpretation. It should be emphasized that, in cases with equivocal or unexpected staining patterns, the results should be interpreted in the appropriate clinical, endoscopic and morphologic context.

Objective To carry out surgery safely in vessels with stents, it is essential to have knowledge of what would happen if the stents were clamped or cut. Using all stents that are permitted in Japan, we recorded with a surgical microscope the behavior of stents when they were clamped or cut and discussed the morphologic changes along with image findings. Methods We classified carotid artery and intracranial stents as group 1A and 1B or group 2A and 2B according to the structure of stent eye: laser cut or blade. Each stent was clamped using a Yasargil aneurysm clip, bulldog forceps, and vascular forceps. Degree of closure and presence or absence of stent deformation after declamping were recorded using a surgical microscope. Furthermore, we performed morphologic evaluations using high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography. Lastly, each stent was cut; the behavior of the cut stent was recorded, and differences between stents were examined. Results Complete clamping was confirmed both visually and based on image evaluations with bulldog forceps and vascular forceps in the groups of carotid artery stents, with the Yasargil aneurysm clip in the intracranial stents. In the blade-type stents, we found that the stents elongated during clamping, and the component wire scattered at the time of stent cutting. Furthermore, the stents could be easily separated by holding with forceps. Conclusions Knowing the properties of each stent is essential to conduct safe surgery in response to complications. Special care must be taken when clamping and cutting blade-type stents.

Late preterm infants (LPIs) represent a significant percentage of all neonates (6-8%), but there are limited published data on their postnatal management. Our aim was to compare the frequency of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and the breastfeeding rate of LPIs born at 35

WOS: 000504849100004 Objective: Children with food allergy need special care. Therefore, parents of food allergic children usually seek information on the internet to improve their knowledge. However, the quality and accuracy of internet-based information may vary and misdirect parents in their daily practices. Materials and Methods: We aimed to investigate the habits of internet usage in the families reporting cow's milk protein allergy or multiple food allergy in their children. This study was conducted by using a web-based questionnaire that can be completed on the Internet in Facebook groups of families who stated that their children had diagnosis of food allergy. Results: A total of 458 (96% female) individuals with a mean age of 32.03 +/- 4.49 years participated in our survey. Three hundred forty three (74.9%) participants reported that they have preferred the internet to get information associated with the complaints of their children before seeing a physician. Two hundred ninty five (64.4%) participants reported that the information obtained on the internet and the information provided by the physicians were sometimes contradictory. As regards the contradicting information, 147 (49.8%) participants reported that they relied on the information provided by the physicians, whereas, 43 (14.9%) reported that they relied on the information on the internet. In addition, 44.3% stated that they always or most of the time gave advice to other patients and their families on the internet. Conclusion: Considering that social media use is an unpreventable habit, online sources should include correct information for information-seeking parents and should possibly be supervised or be certified by health institutions and organizations.

Aim The functional and structural complexities accompanying syndromic craniosynostosis make dental care for these patients particularly challenging. We report a case of long-term care for a syndromic craniosynostosis patient. The objective of this report is to introduce special care guidance and clinical recommendation, so that oral health care providers, as key members of a multidisciplinary care team, can provide optimal diagnosis, treatment, and management for the patient with syndromic craniosynostosis. Case report The patient of this case report had a medical history of syndromic craniosynostosis involving multiple comorbidities. Over the past 20 years, a multidisciplinary care team has successfully treated the patient. Dental and medical procedures that the patient has received include cranial surgeries, prophylactic dental care, caries control, growth hormone therapy, comprehensive orthodontic treatment in conjunction with orthognathic surgeries, and plastic surgery. Conclusion Oral health care providers can play essential roles in multidisciplinary care for patients with craniosynostosis by understanding the patients' unique oral health conditions and dentofacial deformities. To provide optimal oral health care in a multidisciplinary team, clear communication between the members of the care team is crucial.

The subject of the article is the problem of exercising the rights of the child as a victim in misdemeanor cases. The catalog of the rights of the injured party in misdemeanor cases is essentially convergent – regardless of whether the role is played by an adult or a child. However, in a situation where the victim is a child, the state is obliged to show special care for the protection of his rights resulting from the misdemeanor. The article draws attention above all to the rights of the victim, the implementation of which faces certain restrictions or difficulties. The article contains examples of these restrictions and de lege ferenda postulates regarding the extension of their catalog and the manner of their implementation.

Objective: Newborns require special care because their skin is much more sensitive and thinner than adults. From the products to be selected to the umbilical cord care; prevention of the pus; Parents and health professionals should pay attention to some important points in so many issues ranging from bathing conditions. In this study, it is aimed to systematically examine the studies about skin care of newborns. Materials and Methods: A total of 2792 studies published between 2012 and 2019 were examined. A total of nine publications were included in the study and evaluated in terms of comparison, limitations and results. Results: From the few studies with comparable data, there was no evidence that there was no significant difference between the tested washing products and the water or the tested baby wipes and water. There was some evidence to suggest daily use of emollients in a full-body bath. However, the use of olive oil or sunflower oil for the baby's dry skin may adversely affect the skin barrier. There was no evidence of hair/scalp care or baby massage. Conclusion: Although there is evidence of significant randomized controlled trials comparing the use of certain products to water or another product alone for bathing, cleaning and diaper care, the strength of this evidence is low due to the inconsistency of the outcome measures in terms of treatment area or time. It is recommended to increase the number of randomized controlled trials with the appropriate methodology for skin care of newborns. Keywords: Newborn, Skin care, Nursing care

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the association between soft drink consumption, gastric reflux, dental erosion, and obesity among special care children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 350 special care children (male-131, female-219) mean age of 12.6 (± 2.6) years were included. Detection of dental erosion was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The medical evaluation assessed body mass index (BMI). With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between dental erosion prevalence and obesity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall prevalence of dental erosion was 36%. Mean BMI for entire study population was 24.7 (± 7.8). Regression analysis showed strong association between dental erosion prevalence and consumption of soft drinks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.71-2.92, P

Red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme with the major role of meeting the cellular need for reductive biosynthesis and maintenance of redox status. G6PD deficiency is a common inherited enzyme defect associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia that can result in permanent neurologic damage or death. This study was aimed at estimating the level of G6PD activity among icteric neonates to assess its usefulness in the evaluation of icteric neonates in Jos. One hundred and fifty icteric neonates (92 males and 58 females) whose parents consented were consecutively enrolled as they presented at the Special Care Baby Units (SCBU) of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH), and the Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH), Jos. These subjects had their G6PD activity levels assayed using the Pointe Quantitative Diagnostic Kit (USA) while other relevant clinical information was obtained using a questionnaire. G6PD activity of the icteric neonates ranged between 0.54 and 24.18 IU/gHb with a mean of 8.02 ± 4.87 IU/gHb. Sixty-one (40.7 %), comprising 45 males and 16 female neonates were G6PD deficient with mean G6PD activity of 3.79 ± 1.37 IU/gHb while eighty-nine (59.3%) were G6PD normal with a mean G6PD activity of 10.92 ± 4.24 IU/gHb. G6PD activity in icteric neonates in Jos varies widely with a relatively high proportion of these neonates being G6PD deficient. Determination of G6PD activity in icteric neonates should therefore form an important evaluation tool for identification and intervention in those with the deficiency.

In Australia, approximately 18% of newborn babies are admitted to a neonatal intensive or special care nursery. While most babies admitted to a neonatal intensive or special care nursery are discharged home within a few weeks, around 6% of babies spend more than 2 weeks in hospital. For the parents of these babies, much of their leave entitlements (Australian Government Paid Parental Leave Scheme is up to18 weeks for the primary care giver and up to 2 weeks for partners) are used before their baby comes home from hospital. The time babies and parents spend together in the early developmental period, during the hospitalisation and when the baby is discharged home, is crucial for optimal child development and bonding. Yet care givers who have a baby admitted to neonatal intensive or special care for extended periods are not currently entitled to any extra parental leave payments in Australia. We recommend the Australian Paid Parental Leave Act is changed to allow primary carers access to 1 week of extra parental leave pay for every week in hospital (for babies admitted to hospital for more than 2 weeks), up to a maximum of 14 weeks. For fathers and partners of these babies, we recommend an additional 2 weeks of extra Dad and Partner Pay. The net cost, taking into account likely productivity benefits, would be less than 1.5% of the current cost of the scheme and would improve health and socio-economic outcomes for the baby, family and society.

Transportation plays an important role in any developing countries. Recently, different modes of transportation are used for traveling, carrying goods, exporting, and importing the goods by comparing with other modes of transportation roads play a key role. In this regard, special care and attention have to be maintained throughout the construction in order to withstand the maximum loads. Stabilization of soil with fly ash will increase the soil properties and by that subgrade and base course strength of the pavement structure will also increase, when compared to normal soil subgrade and base course layers. Test results have shown that the optimum content of fly ash mixed with soil has shown good results.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is most common severe neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 2-3/1000 live borns. Postneonatal cerebral palsy is a rare and distinct form of CP in which damage to immature brain occurs after the newborn period until the age of 24 months. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) is European project encompassing 26 currently active centers from 21 European countries. Common database of children with CP is one of the main assets, providing better insight even in the rare CP types. Croatian SCPE register is enrolled since 2012 as „C28 RCP-HR Register of cerebral palsy of Croatia’, and is affiliated to Children’s Hospital Zagreb. Object of this study is to address children with postneonatal origin of CP in our national Register and the main causes of this rare CP. This population-based study included 502 children from C28 RCP-HR born 2003-2009, living at the area of Register at point of registration, with postneonatal cause of cerebral palsy. Patients were stratified according to the timing and origin of the lesion. Out of total of 502 children with CP (total CP prevalence 2.11/1000), 11 had postneonatal origin, presenting 2.19% of total CP population or 0.46/10000 live borns. Most common causes were vascular episodes (5/11) and infection of central nervous system (3/11), while others, including the head trauma, accounted for one case respectively. Most usual time of onset was during first trimester (6/11), while timing in other five children was distributed quite equally until the age of two years of life. Postneonatal cerebral palsy is rare and possibly unrecognised form of cerebral palsy, in our Register, as well as common SCPE register (proportion of 7.69% of total CP population; prevalence of 1.26/10000). Recognition of this state is important since it is partly preventable, epidemiologically relevant in large scale studies, but most importantly, on individual level, for planning and establishing the special care each CP patient should have.

Background Nowadays, face masks are a crucial part of our daily life. Previous studies on their impact on the skin usually focused on the adverse effects of face masks. Few studies have assessed their influence on skin characteristics. In a previous study, we identified the short‐term effects of wearing face masks. Herein, we describe the long‐term skin effects of face masks, for a period of 6 months. Materials and methods Healthy volunteers (19 men and women), who wore face masks, participated in the study from June 2020 to December 2020. In all participants, skin characteristics such as trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin elasticity, skin pore area, skin keratin amount, skin temperature, skin redness, skin temperature, skin redness, and skin color were measured three times. Results TEWL, skin hydration, skin elasticity, skin pore area, skin keratin amount, and skin color changed significantly after 6 months. TEWL, skin hydration, skin pore area, skin keratin amount, and skin color were significantly different between the mask‐wearing and non‐mask‐wearing areas. Conclusion Long‐term daily use of face masks can alter skin characteristics. Special care should be focused on the mask‐wearing regions.

Purpose: The paper focuses on exploring the influence of structural\ud and functional characteristics of demonstrations on their\ud effectiveness.\ud Design/Methodology: In the framework of AgriDemo-F2F project,\ud we analysed the responses to 345 post-demonstration\ud questionnaires filled out by the attendees of 31 demo events\ud held in 12 EU countries. Factor analysis was employed and on a\ud subsequent step a linear regression to predict general effectiveness.\ud Findings: Results indicate that the very first steps in the\ud organisation of on-farm demonstration are of critical importance\ud for the successful delivery of their objectives, particularly\ud decisions relating to relevance to farmers’ needs and the\ud structure of the event. Moreover, the paper offers first evidence\ud that when/if on-farm demonstrations are appropriately structured\ud and delivered they can meet their objectives regardless of the\ud status and strength of the corresponding AKIS.\ud Practical implications: Demonstration organisers should take\ud special care with regard to the relevance of the topic and the group\ud (demonstrator and attendees) as well as of the structure of the event.\ud Theoretical implications: The various elements influencing the\ud success of on-farm demonstrations are examined together and\ud ranked.\ud Originality/Value: The study generates important (theoretical and\ud practical) insights concerning the success of a widely used\ud technique of advisory/extension services, that is on-farm\ud demonstrations, based on a large data-set from demonstration\ud events through out Europe.

We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals. Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models. The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries. Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable.· Neonatal care providers perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible.. · Perceptions of teleneonatology do not differ based on professional role or years of experience.. · Perceptions of teleneonatology are especially high in smaller hospitals with well newborn nurseries..

The numerical analysis of many geotechnical problems involves a high number of structural elements, leading to extensive modelling and computational effort. Due to its exceptional ability to circumvent these obstacles, the embedded beam element (EB), though originally intended for the modelling of micropiles, has become increasingly popular in computational geotechnics. Recent research effort has paved the way to the embedded beam element with interaction surface (EB-I), an extension of the EB. The EB-I renders soil–structure interaction along an interaction surface rather than the centreline, making it theoretically applicable to any engineering application where beam-type elements interact with solid elements. At present, in-depth knowledge about relative merits, compared to the EB, is still in demand. Subsequently, numerical analysis are carried out using both embedded beam formulations to model deep foundation elements. The credibility of predicted results is assessed based on a comprehensive comparison with the well-established standard FE approach. In all cases considered, the EB-I proves clearly superior in terms of mesh sensitivity, mobilization of skin-resistance, and predicted soil displacements. Special care must be taken when using embedded beam formulations for the modelling of composite structures.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand age-related changes to the face and neck and pertinent anatomy and discuss important aspects of fat graft harvesting, processing, and infiltration. 2. Recognize key differences between common techniques for fat processing and infiltration and develop a plan for patients based on site-specific facial anatomical zones. 3. Appreciate the utility of fat grafting as an adjunct to other facial rejuvenating procedures such as face lift and blepharoplasty procedures and list the potential complications from fat grafting to the face and neck. SUMMARY Fat grafting to the face and neck aids in volume restoration, thereby addressing soft-tissue atrophy associated with the aging face, acquired conditions, or congenital malformations. Often, fat grafting may sufficiently restore facial volume alone or in conjunction with other facial rejuvenation procedures. Facial/neck fat grafting requires a systematic and thoughtful approach, with special care to atraumatic technique. This CME article covers the principles and techniques for modern facial fat grafting to the face and neck. Increasing data support the ability of autologous fat to produce significant and sustainable appearance-related changes. The authors follow the general principles of the Coleman technique for facial fat grafting and have observed tremendous success over the years. Other techniques for facial fat grafting are also discussed including microfat and nanofat processing. As the understanding of facial fat compartments continues to evolve, the authors may better predict fat grafting outcomes following augmentation. Finally, the technique described as "lipotumescence" has been successfully used in the breast and other regions of the body that have radiation damage and is discussed in this article specifically for the face and neck.

We present a translation into Portuguese of the speeches of Vipstanus Messalla in the Dialogus de Oratoribus of Tacitus, as well as the Latin text taken as its basis. The translation was carried out with special care relatively to the rhetorical jargon present in the work.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes healing by evenly applying negative pressure on the surface of the wound. The system consists of a sponge, a semiocclusive barrier, and a fluid collection system. Its effectiveness is explained by four main mechanisms of action, including macrodeformation of the tissues, drainage of extracellular inflammatory fluids, stabilization of the environment of the wound, and microdeformation. Rarely will complications linked to NPWT occur, but special care must be taken to prevent events such as toxic shock syndrome, fistulization, bleeding, and pain. New NPWT modalities have been recently developed to make NPWT suitable for a wider variety of wounds. These include NPWT with instillation therapy (NPWTi-d), different cleansing options, and application of NPWT on primarily closed incisions. Finally, vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy has been demonstrated to be efficient for various clinical settings, such as the management of diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcerations, chronic wounds, and skin grafts.

To assess the growth trajectory of preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates compared to preterm non-small-for-gestational age neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit and special care nursery.We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a large tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia, examining neonates ≤34 weeks' gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery between 2013 and 2017. We categorized neonates according to their birth weight centile:10th centile (small-for-gestational age) and ≥10th centile (non-small-for-gestational age). Growth trajectory was tracked based on serial weights obtained in the neonatal intensive care unit and special care nursery, usingOf the 910 babies included, 88 were small-for-gestational age and 822 were appropriate-for gestational age. Both groups had a reduction in their weightPreterm SGA babies experience a smaller reduction in their weight trajectory compared to their appropriately grown counterparts in the neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery.

Background: The rate of premature births is increasing every day, with an estimated 15 million premature babies born worldwide each year. When a child is born prematurely, he or she is transferred to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), requiring special care on an ongoing basis. The admission of the newborn to these units can negatively affect the family routine as it generates changes and requires adaptation to new roles. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to understand the effect of the arrival of a premature baby on the family, based on the parents’ perception. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study conducted by means of a self-administered online ad-hoc questionnaire which collected information related to the situation of the relatives of premature infants in the region of Extremadura (Spain). The questionnaire consisted of a total of 35 questions, divided into three sections: ‘family environment’, ‘stay in hospital’ and ‘return home’. Results: Among the 53 responses obtained from fathers and mothers, 44 were from mothers. 53.6% of the respondents felt a delay in the acquisition of their parental role and 86.8% were afraid for their baby. During hospital stay, most of the parents had to modify their routines (94.3%), 69.8% suffered from sleep disturbances, 84.9% changed their eating habits and 88.5% referred to loss of time for themselves. Once at home, the time it took to recover their family normality ranged from 4 to 11 months, while 84.9% of respondents neglected their personal appearance and more than half had to give up or reduce their working hours. Conclusion: The arrival of a premature baby has a strong impact on the parents’ family environment, altering their daily routines and occupations both in hospital and at home. If preterm care programmes take into account these possible occupational imbalances, it will not only meet the needs of the parents but also provide family-centred care.

OBJECTIVES: Limited data suggest nursing home (NH) Alzheimer’s special care units (ASCUs) may improve care and outcomes among residents with dementia. Unfortunately, information describing NH characteristics related to presence of ASCUs is lacking, especially whether location and neighborhood resources influence their presence. We examined locations of NHs with ASCUs and assessed whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, region, and levels of rurality were associated with NH ASCUs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Contiguous U.S. We used 2017 LTCfocus and NH Compare data to identify free-standing NHs and obtain addresses (N=13,207 NHs). METHODS: NH ZIP+4 codes were linked to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) (within-state ranking of neighborhood deprivation). The nine census-defined regions of the U.S. and Rural Urban Continuum codes categorized location. Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression models, adjusting for NH characteristics, examined associations between NH ASCUs and location. RESULTS: Nearly 15% of NHs had ASCUs. In adjusted models, odds of NH ASCUs were 58–69% lower in Pacific, Middle Atlantic, and Southern regions compared to the East North Central region (p-values

The neonatal early onset sepsis calculator (Sepsis Calculator) is a screening tool for managing neonates at risk of early onset sepsis (EOS). In large tertiary centers it has been found to reduce empiric antibiotic use in newborns with suspected EOS by up to half, without missing EOS confirmed by blood culture.To evaluate the effect of implementation of the Sepsis Calculator at a low-dependency special care nursery in Australia on rates of antibiotic treatment for suspected EOS in newborns, and, to determine the compliance rate in applying the Sepsis Calculator.We undertook a retrospective medical record audit at The Women's at Sandringham Hospital during two two-month periods; pre- and post-introduction of the Sepsis Calculator. The management of infants suspected of EOS and length of stay post-delivery were compared. Compliance with Sepsis Calculator use was measured.526 infants were included: 266 in period 1 and 260 in period 2. There was no significant change in the proportion of infants who received empirical antibiotics for suspected EOS following introduction of the Sepsis Calculator (6 of 266 during period 1; 2.2% vs. 8 of 260 during period 2; 3.1%;While we did not see a reduction in empirical antibiotic use, this is likely due to the already low baseline antibiotic treatment rate at our institution. Further exploration of how the calculator benefits infants and improves care in non-tertiary special care nurseries, including evaluating LOS, is needed.

ABSTRACT (310/350 words) Background: Neonatal Care Units (NCUs) provide special care for sick and small newborns and can help reduce neonatal mortality. For parents, the experience of having a hospitalized newborn can be traumatic. In LMIC, especially sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited information about the parents’ experience of care in NCUs. Objective: Our study aimed to explore the experience of parents in the NCU of a rural district hospital in Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with parents whose newborns were hospitalized in the Ruli District Hospital NCU from September 2018 to January 2019. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide in the participants homes by trained data collectors. Data were transcribed, translated, and then coded using a structured code book. All data analyses were conducted using Dedoose software. Results: Twenty-one interviews were conducted primarily with mothers (90.5%, n=19) among newborns who were most often discharged home alive (90.5%, n=19). Parents reported stressful and emotional responses to having their newborns admitted particularly when they lacked clear understanding of their newborn’s condition, generally positive communication and interactions with healthcare providers and other parents, policies and procedures in the NCU that contributed to stress and limited access to newborns by fathers and other family members, and stress due to the high financial burden of NCU care. Conclusion: The admission of a newborn into the NCU alone was a source of stress for parents and caregivers in rural Rwanda. However, there were several positive factors of the NCU including involvement of mothers and support from healthcare providers. The experience in the NCU can be improved when healthcare providers communicate and explain the newborn’s status to the parents and actively involve them in the care of their newborn. Expanding the NCU access for families, encouraging peer support, and ensuring financial accessibility for neonatal care services could contribute to improved experiences for families. KEYWORDS: prematurity, neonatology, family-centered care, neonatal care unit, nurses, patient satisfaction, patient experience

Background Increasing preweaning piglet mortality is a concern for veterinarians and producers in relation to sow performance and piglet welfare. Our objectives were (1) to characterize pre-weaning piglet mortality risk for sows (PWM) during early (0–1 days), mid- (2–8 days) and late (9–28 days) lactation and (2) to quantify the following five factors and their interactions, parity, number of piglets born alive (PBA), number of stillborn piglets (SB), gestation length (GL) and season for PWM during the three lactation phases. Methods Data obtained from 264,333 parity records of 55,635 sows farrowed in 2015 and 2016 from 74 Spanish herds. Three multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression models were separately applied for PWM during three lactation phases, which was analyzed as whether or not a sow had a piglet death (i.e. probability of a sow having a piglet death) in each phase. Results PWM during early, mid- and late lactation were 36.9, 27.0 and 15.4%, respectively. As PBA increased from 11 or less to 16 or more pigs, PWM during early and mid-lactation increased by 15.8 and 6.0%, respectively, but there was no increase during late lactation. Also, as GL decreased from 117–120 to 110–113 days, PWM during early, mid- and late lactation increased by 7.5, 6.8 and 1.5%, respectively. Additionally, PWM during the respective lactation phases increased by 8.3, 5.2 and 1.0%, as SB increased from 0 to 3 or more pigs. During early lactation, parity 1 sows had 2.1% lower PWM than parity 5 or higher sows, but during mid- and late lactation they had 4.2% higher PWM (P P = 0.26). Conclusion Management practices to reduce PWM need to take account of these factors, and be modified for different phases. For example, during early lactation special care should be given to piglets born to parity 5 or higher sows farrowing 16 or more PBA, having 3 or more SB or GL 110–113 days, whereas during mid- and late lactation more care should be given to piglets born to parity 1 sows with the same PBA, GL and SB conditions.

The transition of cities to smarter cities requires intelligence in the infrastructure to automate the operations in all domains. Obviously, transportation and mobility is no exception. Relevant stakeholders i.e., city authorities, mobility providers, and research community has been contributing with solution approaches to achieve the objectives of the envisioned smart mobility. In this paper, we focus on realizing the smart campus mobility, which is a component of a bigger project used for realizing the autonomous driving and imparting it as a solution component of smart mobility. For this, we choose the UAE University campus, as this provides the right settings for the proposed smart campus mobility approach. This will enable us to provide user-friendly and efficient means of transportation to the students and faculty. The solution design is strictly driven by the following goals: modularity, evolvability, and customizability. Therefore, we implement smart campus mobility application and a full scale backend with databases and scheduling approach. Special care is observed in the design and implementation so that the proposed solution is evolved to accommodate the autonomously driven mobility resources, which the authors' research group is planning to have in the near-future. The smart campus mobility was validated for different use-cases in the UAEU campus.

User behaviors and experiences are the fundamental parts of information retrieval systems, but are often difficult to collect, bringing challenges to both applications and research. Recently, researchers have been exploring more fine-grained user behavior than simple clicks, such as time patterns, mouse/scroll patterns, etc., with their own specific laboratory experimental platforms. However, the lack of public available toolkits for logging user behaviors and experiences leads to difficulties on field study of remote user experiments in real scenarios. In this work, we propose a Privacy-Aware Remote User Logging Tool for remotely collecting user behaviors and explicit experience feedback, with a special care for user privacy. With this tool, participants can conduct the user experiments remotely without time and location constraints, giving researchers the possibility to observe users' more natural behaviors and experiences.

There is a difference between MIS-C and KD. This is probably a postinfectious inflammatory response manifested with elevation of inflammatory markers and signs of myocardial damage. So, MIS-C could be an analogue of late phase COVID-19, which we are seeing in adult patients. This phase is also characterized by “cytokine storm” and can include severe myocardial disfunction, renal damage and laboratory changes consistent with MAS. Despite growing numbers of children with MIS-C, it still remains as rare condition and has good outcome in majority of cases. Children with MIS-C need special care of rheumatologist, infectious disease and intensive disease specialist collaboration.

The importance of the soil evaporation concerns our main life supports source for agriculture or for climate changes predictions science. A simple to operate instrument, based on non-steady state (NSS) technique, made for soil evaporation measurement appears then suitable. However, because the NSS chamber technique is highly invasive, special care should be provided to correct the wind influence on the evaporation process. As the wind influence on the evaporation is depending on numerous and not real-time monitorable variables, in order to make the measurements easily corrigible on a bare soil with a unique variable – wind speed (Ws), whatever is the soil nature, soil texture, and others soil or air meteorological variables – a self-calibrating chamber with corresponding protocol called Auto-calibrated Soil Evapo-Respiration Chamber (ASERC) was developed. A simple protocol followed by this chamber allows to determine the soil evaporation wind susceptibility (Z) and to correct the measurements achieving 0.95 accuracy confidence. Some interesting finding on sandy and clayey soils evaporation measured during a laboratory calibration will also be reported.

An accidental intake of 14C-labelled compound has been followed by long-term monitoring of urine samples. First, the intake and the committed effective dose have been calculated by a generally recommended method and as the value exceeded the investigation level, special dose estimation was performed. Recommendations from ICRP Publications were used for analyses but the measurement data did not fit these models, so the recommended parameter values were deemed incorrect for this compound and this exposure situation. With the measurement data, it was possible to set up a case-specific model based on the actual excretion functions. Afterwards, the committed effective dose was obtained from integrating the total number of decays in the body over 50 y. This case shows that 14C-labelled organic compounds could be very unique when they get incorporated into the body and the absorption and deposition parameters should be used with special care when estimating the dose.

El complejo forense romano ha sido definido como el espacio de máxima expresión política y social de su mundo urbano, especialmente en su vertiente provincial, donde debía reflejar el propio dominio que Roma ejercía sobre el territorio. Dentro de estos conjuntos, la aedes se sitúa con un edificio privilegiado, dominando un paisaje monumentalizado y jerarquizado en el cual se pondrá un especial celo en la elección y combinación de los materiales, elementos y simbología de cada uno de los edificios del forum. Su significación como máximo exponente de los espacios forenses lo sitúan, como no podía ser de otro modo, como la propia imagen de su ciudad, su población y su territorio. En este sentido, el análisis comparativo de todos los edificios templares constatados en el contexto forense bético e hispano nos aportará la posibilidad de conocer de qué manera se articulaba el gobierno de las provinciae, la propia ordenación o categorización de sus ciudades en base a sus funciones político-administrativas, la diferencia existente entre las élites de los pequeños municipia y de las coloniae capitales de las propias demarcaciones provinciales e incluso, la comparación en términos generales de las tres provincias hispanas The Roman forensic complex has been defined as the space of maximum political and social expression of its urban world, especially in its provincial aspect, where it should reflect the own dominion that Rome exercised over the territory. Within these groups, the aedes is situated as a privileged building, dominating a monumentalized and hierarchical landscape in which a special care will be placed in the choice and combination of the materials, elements and symbology of each of the buildings on the forum. Its significance as the maximum exponent of forensic spaces place it, as it could not be otherwise, as the image of its city, its population and its territory. In this sense, the comparative analysis of all the templar buildings found in the Betic and Hispanic forensic context will provide us with the possibility of knowing how the government of the provinces was articulated, the proper organization or categorization of their cities based on their functions politicaladministrative, the difference between the elites of the small municipia and the capital of the provincial demarcations themselves, and even the general comparison of the three Hispanic provinces

Inserting zygomatic implants is a challenging surgery and requires special care and great precision. Piezoelectric surgery offers several advantages: more precise bone cutting with improved intraoperative visibility and a low temperature increase. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether ultrasonic instruments can be as effective as standard drilling instruments for zygomatic implant surgery in terms of clinical outcomes. Ninety-two patients with atrophic maxilla were included in the study. Implant sites were prepared with the ultrasonic technique (test group = 47 patients) or traditional drilling (control group = 45 patients). In total, 368 zygomatic implants were inserted (202 with the extrasinus technique, 77 with the sinus slot technique, and 89 with the Brånemark technique). Complete arch provisional prostheses were delivered 3 to 5 hours after the surgical operations. The mean follow-up after surgery was 24 months (range = 12-32 months). The primary outcome evaluations were based on implant survival rates and postoperative complications. Operative time and surgeon's stress were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Implant survival rate was 100% in the test and 98.89% in the control group. Postoperative complications were seen in 9 patients (4 in the test and 5 in the control group); the difference was not statistically significant. Operative time was longer in the test group; however, surgeons were more comfortable using ultrasonic instruments. Within the limitations of this preliminary study, the ultrasonic technique was a feasible alternative to traditional drilling for zygomatic implant surgery.

BACKGROUND People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) face many daily challenges as memory loss is their predominant cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether financial capacity can be influenced by comorbid depression in patients with multiple-domain aMCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants included 120 patients in 4 groups: multiple-domain aMCI with and without depressive symptoms, and nondemented elders with and without depression. Participants were examined with the Mini-Mental State Examination, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale. RESULTS The findings extend earlier work in other groups of older patients and indicate that the performance of patients with multiple-domain aMCI in cognitive functioning and financial capacity is severely impaired when depression coexists, resembling the performance of patients with mild Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSIONS The results support special care for individuals with depression as this condition severely influences financial capacity in aMCI.

The modern coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) poses a mortal threat to the populations of more than 210 countries and at the same time constitutes a real challenge to national governments One of the pandemic problems is the fear of uncertainty, which may lead to development of panic attacks among the general population It was established that at the national level in Ukraine, standards for provision of medical care to patients with panic attacks amid the COVID-19 pandemic have not been elaborated The article analyses measures of regional authorities on creating an algorithm for providing the special care to patients with mental disorders during a pandemic on the basis of a specialized psychosomatic clinic

Preschool children are in a period of the most intense growth and development, and this is also a period when physical education can be used more effectively to guide their proper development. On the other hand, if the necessary care is not taken, the occurrence of poor physical development of preschool children of young school age is increasingly emphasized as a problem, primarily as a consequence of the modern way of life, in which the reduced volume of physical activity is particularly emphasized. We want to emphasize that this is an age where the growth and development of children is very intense and accelerated, so the effects of external and internal factors in both directions are very large and this fact should always be taken into consideration by children's institutions, educators, doctors, parents and to give special care to it. The spinal column was especially endangered during this period, as a basis for proper posture and proper growth and development. Today's children spend most of their days at home, growing and developing with the control and influence of computers, mobile phones, video games and the end of the TV screen, so there is very little time to move around. The author, pointing to the problem, encloses the choice of therapeutic exercises with the application of which could be much influenced in order to prevent the occurrence of poor posture and the formation of physical deformities.

Purpose To investigate the dosimetry of 125I seed-loaded stent system currently used for an adjuvant treatment of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods The stent system consisted of an inner metallic stent and outer seed–loaded capsules. Four arrays of 125I seeds were attached longitudinally to the outer surface of the stent at 90° separation. 145 Gy was prescribed at 5 mm from the axes of seed-arrays. For the geometries of the 4-array, and potential 6- and 8-array configurations, treatment planning system (TPS) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were performed to evaluate 3D dose distributions and dosimetric impact of the metallic stent. Results The MC simulations indicated the metallic stent reduced a dose to the prescription points by over 10%, compared to the water-based TPS results. The total activity calculated by the water-based TPS to deliver the prescription dose should compensate for this amount of reduction. The MC- and TPS-calculated doses normalized to the prescription points for the current configuration were in agreements within 4.3% on a cylindrical surface along 5 mm from the axes of seed-arrays. The longitudinal underdosage worsened as approaching the edge of arrays, and ranged from 2.8% to 25.5%. The angular underdosage between neighboring arrays was 2.1%–8.9%. Conclusions With this compensation and a special care of near-edge underdosage, the current 4-array system can provide adequate dose coverage for treatment of PVTT. Further dosimetric homogeneity can be achieved using 6-or 8-array configurations.

The article deals with the general description of severe combined traumatic brain injury and organizing special neurosurgical care to patients in Osh Region of Kyrgyz Republic. Material and methods: Among the patients mainly man are dominated – 77.9 %, and man at the age of 20 to 50 (69.9 %), i.e. the most able-bodied part of the society. Results: The main cause of severe combined traumatic brain injury is still a traffic accident (74.3 %). Postsurgical and overall mortality in clinics where there is no full-time neurosurgeon and computed tomography scanner is higher. Most hospitals in Osh Region are still not equipped with computer tomography. The presence in the hospital staff full time neurosurgeon has crucial importance in reducing postsurgical and overall mortality.