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OBJECTIVES: Characterize the cell profile and immunostaining of proinflammatory markers in an experimental model of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 6-7) were treated chronically with saline solution or zoledronic acid (ZA) at 0.04, 0.20, and 1.00 mg kg(-1) (1.4 × 10(-7) , 6.9 × 10(-6) , and 3.4 × 10(-5) mol kg(-1) ), and subsequently, the first left inferior molar was extracted. Were performed counting of viable and empty osteocyte lacunae, viable and apoptotic osteoclasts, polymorphonuclear neutrophil, mast cells (toluidine blue), and the positive presence cells for CD68, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL (interleukin)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18 bp). RESULTS: BRONJ was showed in ZA treated with 0.20 and 1.00 mg kg(-1) . There is a dose dependent increase in percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae (P < 0.001) and apoptotic osteoclasts (P < 0.001), counting of total osteoclasts (P = 0.003), polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells (P = 0.009), cytoplasmic-positive cells of CD68 (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P = 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.001), iNOS (P < 0.001), NF-kB (P = 0.006), and nuclear-positive cells of NF-kB (P = 0.011). Consequently, there is no difference in mast cells (P = 0.957), and IL-18 bp immunostaining decreases dose dependently (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: BRONJ is characterized by increases in immunostaining for proinflammatory markers and NF-kB and inversely associated with cells exhibiting IL-18 bp.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of p-AKT, p-JNK, FoxO3a and KI-67 in samples of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Oral Epithelial Dysplasias (OEDs) to understand their possible involvement in the malignant transformation process of oral lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples of 20 cases of OSCCs, 20 OEDs and normal oral mucosa were subjected to immunohistochemistry reactions for anti-p-Akt, anti-p-JNK, anti-FoxO3a and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. It was analyzed quantitative (number of immunostained cells) and qualitative (immunostaining intensity) parameters in different cell immunostaining sublocations. RESULTS: Nuclear p-AKT was observed significantly greater immunostaining in OSCC (21.2 ± 19.0) than in dysplasias (7.9 ± 8.1) and control (1.8 ± 4.7) (p = 0.002). Immunostaining of strong nuclear p-JNK was greater in controls (48.3 ± 13.7) than in OEDs (11.0 ± 10.3) and OSCCs (1.1 ± 1.3) (p

Immune cell profile of dental pulp tissue treated with zoledronic acid. International Endodontic Journal. Aim To characterize the pulp immune cell profile in the teeth of rats treated with zoledronic acid (ZA). Methodology Male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) received four intravenous infusions of ZA at doses of 0.04, 0.20 or 1.00 mg kg 1 ZA or saline (control). On the 70th experimental day, they were euthanized. The first right molar was examined microscopically and submitted to toluidine blue reaction and immunohistochemical for CD68, tumour necrosis Factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18 bp). The presence of ectasic/dilated vessels and inflammatory cells was analysed, and mast cells and mononuclear CD68-positive cells were counted along with the intensity of immunostaining (0–3) for inflammatory markers in odontoblasts and nonodontoblasts pulp cells. The Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn’s test (scores or quantitative data) and the chi-squared test (categorical data) were used (GraphPad Prism 5.0, P < 0.05). Results There was no differences in the number of animals exhibiting dilated/ectasic blood vessels (P = 0.242) and inflammatory cells (P = 0.489) or in the number of mast cells (P = 1.000). However, there was an increase in mononuclear CD68-positive cells (P = 0.026), immunostaining of TNF-a (P = 0.020), IL-1b (P = 0.027) and iNOS (P = 0.001) in odontoblasts, and IL-1b (P = 0.013) in nonodontoblast pulp cells dose-dependently. NFkB (nucleus and cytoplasm) and IL-18 bp did not differ between groups. Conclusion ZA modified the immune cell profile in the dental pulp, increasing the number of macrophages and expression of pro-inflammatory markers independent of NFkB.

The mortality rate associated with oral cancer is estimated at approximately 12,300 deaths per year, and the survival rate is only 40% to 50% for diagnosed patients and is closely related to the duration of time between disease perception and its diagnosis and treatment. Socioeconomic risk factors are determinants of the incidence and mortality related to oral cancer. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 573 records of patients with oral cancer at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital – Cancer Institute of Ceará from 2000 to 2009 to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on survival and epidemiological behavior of this neoplasia in a Brazilian population. In this study, patients with oral cancer were males greater than 60 years of age, presented squamous cell carcinoma in the floor of mouth and were characterized by low education levels. A total of 573 lesions were found in oral cavities. Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the histological type, tumor stage, and low degree of education significantly influenced survival. A lower patient survival rate was correlated with a more advanced stage of disease and a worse prognosis. Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a higher mortality when compared with other histological types of malign neoplasia.

Objective To evaluate the oral health status of a population of patients with special needs cared for in the specialization course of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Ceará Branch. Methods In this cross-sectional, descriptive study the indexes DMFT and CPI were used to evaluate dental caries and periodontal disease, respectively, from August 2009 through March 2010. The need for dental treatment and other soft tissue lesions were also investigated. Results 88 patients selected by convenience sampling were examined intraorally, and the mean age was 43.8 ± 16. Most of the patients fell within the group of systemic diseases (68.1%), especially cardiovascular diseases (15.9%). The mean DMFT index was 17.54 ± 7.13, and 87.5% of patients presented active dental caries. According to the highest degree of periodontal condition observed in the individual, the dental tartar (index 2) was present in a greater number of patients (50.9%). Regarding the need for dental treatment, 68.1% of patients needed restorative treatment, 43.1% of patients needed surgery (extractions) and 21.5% of patients needed endodontic treatment. There were no soft-tissue abnormalities in most patients (89.7%). Conclusion The examined patients showed a high prevalence of oral diseases such as dental caries and gingivitis/periodontitis, and therefore a great need for dental treatment. Given the results, it becomes important to stimulate dental care and preventive practices focused on this segment of the population. Objetivo Avaliar a condição de saúde bucal de uma população de pacientes com necessidades especiais atendida no curso de especialização da Associação Brasileira de Odontologia, Seção Ceará. Métodos Nesse estudo de natureza descritiva e transversal utilizou-se os índices CPO-D e IPC para avaliação das doenças cárie e periodontal, respectivamente, entre os meses de Agosto de 2009 e Março de 2010. Necessidades de tratamento dentário e outras lesões em tecidos moles orais também foram investigadas. Resultados Realizaram-se exames bucais em 88 pacientes selecionados por conveniência, sendo a média de idade correspondente a 43,8 ± 16 anos. A maioria se enquadrava no grupo de doenças sistêmicas (68,1%), destacando-se as diseases cardiovasculares (15,9%). O índice CPO-D médio foi 17,54 ± 7,13, com 87,5% dos pacientes apresentando cárie ativa. Segundo o maior grau de condição periodontal observado no indivíduo, o cálculo dental (índice 2) foi o que esteve presente em um maior número de pacientes (50,9%). Quanto às necessidades de tratamento dental, 68,1% deles necessitaram de tratamento restaurador, 43,1% de tratamento cirúrgico (exodontias) e 21,5% de tratamento endodôntico. Não foram encontradas anormalidades em tecido mole na maioria dos pacientes (89,7%). Conclusão Os pacientes examinados possuíam alta prevalência de doenças orais, como cárie e gengivite/periodontite e, conseqüentemente, grande necessidade de tratamento odontológico. Diante dos resultados, torna-se importante motivar a atenção odontológica e as práticas preventivas voltadas para essa parcela da população.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:25:52Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-79955879781.pdf: 2258773 bytes, checksum: 37d0e7fca9c2ea9da1dac3a8c1096d97 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-01 Purpose: To establish an experimental model of traumatic ulcer in rat cheek mucosa for utilization in future alternative therapy studies. Methods: A total of 60 adult male rats (250 - 300g) were used. Ulceration of the left cheek mucosa was provoked by abrasion using a n o 15 scalpel blade. The animals were observed for 10 days, during which they were weighed and their ulcers were measured. The histological characteristics were analyzed and scored according to the ulcer phase. In the statistical analysis, a value of p

The purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, who were treated at Santa Casa de Misericórdia hospital in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil, from 1999 to 2005. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The studied population comprised 225 cases of oral cancer. Data were collected from the register book of head and neck surgeries and from patient health charts of Santa Casa hospital. The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, patient origin, cancer clinical and pathologic staging, anatomical localization and treatment. Results showed that 69.2% of the cases occurred in men, within the age range of 26 to 98 years. The most common anatomical localizations were mouth floor (22.7%) and tongue (21.8%). As per cancer staging, 52.4% of patients were classified as stage III or IV, with a 40% regional metastasis. Most of the patients were submitted to surgery associated to radiotherapy (57.2%). A significant statistical relation (p

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized infiltrate of immature granulocytes in an extramedullary site. This lesion is most frequently associated with leukemia, but can occur associated with others myeloproliferative disorders.GS can affect virtually any part of the body, but lesions in the oral cavity are rare, with only 37 cases described.Case Description: We present a rare case of GS in a 23-year-old female, with a prior history of acute myeloid leukemia, presenting with a solitary mandibular swelling in the region of the erupting 3rd lower left molar. After biopsy, conventional immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD45 (hematological marker) and myeloid markers, such as myeloperoxidase, and CD68, demonstrating myeloid lineage with monocytic cells differentiation, suggesting the diagnosis of GS associated to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML-M5).Clinical implication: Although GS is a rare tumor in oral cavity, and its diagnosis is usually difficult, the clinician must know about its existence to make differential diagnosis.

Cancer is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In Brazil, it is the second largest cause of death by disease. Medical care in this area is one of the most costly in the health field and includes expenditures for prevention, diagnostic tests, and treatment. The main purpose of this paper was to conduct a clinical-epidemiological investigation of patients with malignant neoplasms that were treated by the special patient's study group (NEPE) in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, in order to analyze the principle dental needs of these patients. 412 patients were evaluated, representing 20% of all patients treated during the study period. 63% of patients were male and 37% female. The most prevalent age range was 21-60 years, with 162 patients, representing 40% of the sample. The most common type of cancer was oral cavity neoplasm (19%), followed by head-and-neck non-oral cavity neoplasm (18%), lymphoid neoplasm (12%), and leukemia (8%). Most patients at their first examination needed dental treatment, and 44% required surgical procedures, 43% restorative procedures, and 65% periodontal treatment. We concluded that as of the first oral examination, a significant number of patients needed dental treatment in order to improve their oral health status to achieve an appropriate level for receiving cancer treatment. O câncer configura-se como um grande problema de saúde pública tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos países em desenvolvimento, e, no Brasil, é a segunda maior causa de morte por doença. A assistência nesta área é uma das mais onerosas, incluindo custos com a prevenção, testes diagnósticos e tratamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas atendidos no Núcleo de Estudos em Pacientes Especiais (NEPE) - Fortaleza/Ceará/Brasil, bem como analisar as principais necessidades de tratamento odontológico desses pacientes no ato do exame clínico inicial. Foram avaliados 412 pacientes, que representaram 20% dos pacientes atendidos pelo NEPE no período avaliado. Quanto ao sexo, 63% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 37% do sexo feminino. A faixa etária de maior prevalência com 162 pacientes (40%) foi a de 41 a 60 anos, sendo os tumores mais comuns as neoplasias de cavidade oral (19%), seguido das neoplasias em região de cabeça e pescoço não-cavidade oral (18%), dos tumores de origem linfóide (12%) e das leucemias (9%). A maioria desses pacientes (78%), ao primeiro exame bucal, necessitava de algum procedimento odontológico, sendo que 44% dos pacientes receberam indicação de procedimentos cirúrgicos, 43% de procedimentos restauradores e 65% de procedimentos periodontais. Concluiu-se, assim, que um número significativo de pacientes, no ato do exame clínico inicial, necessitava de algum tipo de tratamento odontológico de adequação do meio bucal para que pudessem se submeter ao tratamento oncológico indicado.

FUNDAMENTOS: A deleção e mutação do gene CDKN2a que codifica um inibidor específico da ciclina dependente de quinase 4, a proteína p16, têm sido implicadas na tumorigênese do melanoma cutâneo. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre essas alterações genéticas em melanomas de mucosa oral. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a presença de alterações no gene p16 e sua expressão protéica em melanomas esporádicos orais e cutâneos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 36 espécimes de melanoma primário (sete orais e 29 cutâneos). Analisaram-se três exons do gene p16, pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase/polimorfismo conformacional de fita simples do DNA.Verificou-se a expressão tecidual de proteína p16 por técnica imuno-histoquímica. Relacionaram-se os resultados com a espessura dos melanomas cutâneos. RESULTADOS: Cinco dos sete melanomas orais e 17 dos 29 melanomas cutâneos apresentaram indício de alteração no gene p16. Alterações do exon 2 foram as mais freqüentes, sendo 19 casos nos produtos obtidos com o mesmo iniciador. Observou-se expressão tecidual de p16 em apenas um melanoma oral, em 10/13 (76,9%) casos de melanoma cutâneo de espessura até 1mm e em sete de oito (87,5%) casos de espessura superior a 1mm. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de indícios de alteração na análise genética de p16 nos melanomas de mucosa oral foi de 71,42% e de 58,6% nos cutâneos. É possível sugerir a participação de alterações do gene p16 na patogenia do melanoma esporádico de mucosa oral. Não houve relação da sugestão de alteração genética do gene p16 e de sua expressão tecidual com a espessura dos melanomas cutâneos de diferentes subtipos histológicos. BACKGROUND: Deletion and mutation of gene CDKN2a, which encodes a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), the protein p16, has been regarded as related to cutaneous melanoma tumorigenesis. However, little is known about those alterations in oral mucosa melanomas. OBJECTIVES: To verify possible p16 gene mutations and its protein expression in sporadic melanomas in oral mucosa and skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 primary sporadic melanoma paraffin-embedded specimens (seven oral mucosa and 29 skin lesions) were subjected to molecular analysis of exons 1, 2 and 3 of p16 gene using polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformational polymorphism technique. p16 protein expression was demonstrated by an immunohistochemical technique. Data obtained were correlated with tumor thickness. RESULTS: Five out of seven oral melanomas, and 17 out of 29 skin lesions displayed signs of alteration in p16 gene molecular analysis. Alterations in exon 2 of p16 gene were the most frequent. Protein p16 expression was observed in only one oral melanoma and in 10/13 (76.9%) skin melanomas up to 1.0 mm-thick and in 7/8 (87.5%) lesions thicker than 1.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of alterations disclosed by p16 gene molecular analysis in oral mucosa melanomas was 71.42% and 58.6% in cutaneous lesions. The obtained data suggest that p16 gene alterations play a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic melanoma of the oral mucosa. Neither protein p16 expression, nor p16 gene alteration had correlation with tumor thickness.