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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of IOP on the refractive error in children and adolescents, and to analyze the correlation among IOP, AL and diopter of refraction.MethodsConducting a cross-sectional study. A total of 3256 students (6511 pairs of eyes) aged between 4 and 15 in Jinniu district who presented for ocular health examination during October 2018 and October 2021 were selected, including 1735 boys (3470 eyes) and 1521 girls (3041 eyes).The differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance, correlation analysis by Pearson, data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 25.0.ResultsThere were significant differences in SE, IOP and AL between each group (P < 0.001), whereas IOP, AL were positively correlated with SE, respectively. The average IOP of female (17.45 ±2.56mmg) was higher than that of male (17.08 ±2.60mmg), while the mean AL of male (23.46 ±0.81 mm) was longer than that of female (22.91 ±0.83 mm). There was weak or no correlation between IOP and AL (r = 0.126, P < 0.001). No correlation was found between IOP and SE (r = 0.116, P < 0.001). Positive correlation between AL and SE (r = 0.632, P < 0.001) was noted.ConclusionThe increase of myopia degree in children at different ages is manifested by the increase of intraocular pressure and axial length, the increase of axial length is one of the main reasons affecting diopter.However, IOP may not directly lead to increase of myopia in children and adolescents within the range of normal IOP.SynopsisThis study suggests that there is no direct relationship between axial length and refraction or intraocular pressure, and intraocular pressure may not be a direct factor influencing the development of myopia.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Figure S1.GC chromatograms of alkenes and the corresponding epoxides standards. 1. α-pinene, 2. α-pinene oxide, 3. octane, 4. styrene, 5. octane oxide, 6. styrene oxide, 7. norbornene, 8. norbornene oxide, 9. α-methylstyrene, 10. α-methylstyrene oxide, 11. cyclohexene, 12. cyclohexene oxide, 13. 1-hexene, 14. 1-hexene oxide, 15. Toluene (Retention times: 4.3 min for α-pinene, 6.5 min for α-pinene oxide; 4.4 min for octane, 8.7 min for octane oxide; 6.5 min for styrene, 9.9 min for styrene oxide; 3.2 min for norbornene, 7.6 min for norbornene oxide; 8.3 min for α-methylstyrene, and 10.4 min for α-methylstyrene oxide; 2.7 min for cyclohexene, 5.7 min for cyclohexene oxide; 2.1 min for 1-hexene, 4.5 min for 1-hexene oxide, 4.1 min for solvent toluene). Figure S2. Evolution of the three model alkenes epoxidation reaction over time.

We consider coupled weakly birefringent cavities filled-in with nonlinear Kerr material and subject to linearly polarized optical injection. Light propagation in such a system is described by a system of discrete Lugiato–Lefever-type equations for each linear polarization component of the electric field into each cavity, coupled by the cross-phase modulation terms and the neighboring waveguides field overlap integrals. We demonstrate that this system supports stable three-dimensional vector localized structures often called discrete vector light bullets. We consider both anomalous and normal dispersion and show that it results in the generation of, respectively, bright and dark discrete vector light bullets. Due to the polarization multistability of the system, we demonstrated coexisting light bullets with polarization at the light bullets peaks as different as predominantly linear to predominantly circular. We have shown that chaotic spatio-temporal dynamics can be realized even for such an injection strengths for which the light bullets distribution in the system is stationary by increasing the coupling strength C between the cavities.

The dynamic mechanical behaviors of 7B52 laminated aluminum alloy under different impact deformation conditions were investigated using split Hopkinson pressure bar, optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the 7B52 laminated aluminum alloy displays positive strain rate sensitivity and negative temperature sensitivity. Cracks are formed firstly at the interface between the 7A62 hard layer and the 7A01 middle layer under a low strain rate of 2200 s−1. When the strain rate increases to 3500 s−1, the deformation shear band is firstly formed in the 7A52 soft layer. The deformation shear band transformed to the transition shear band with the increase of strain rate, and then crack initiated. Adiabatic shear bands and cracks are formed in both of the hard and soft layers when samples impacted at a high strain rate (5500 s−1). Most of the cracks and adiabatic shear bands are unable to penetrate the middle layer due to the good toughness of the 7A01 alloy. The deformation of each layer of 7B52 laminated aluminum alloy becomes more uniform when the temperature increases, which was attributed to the reduction of difference in strength among the three layers and the coordinating effect of grain boundary on deformation.