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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between strategic orientation and the performance of new products. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model that explores the roles of market orientation ( MO) and entrepreneurship orientation ( EO) on new product performance and seek to understand the mediating roles of process and product characteristics. Based on a survey of 471 small and medium-sized enterprises in Korea, we found that MO and EO positively affect new product performance. The main impact of MO is through new product development proficiency and product meaningfulness and that of EO is through proficient intellectual property management and product novelty. Academic and managerial implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectral remote sensing (SRS) inversion technique to determine the complex, line-of-sight temperature distribution from gas emission data at CO2 4.3 μm is analytically investigated with two proposed algorithms. The modified constrained inversion method (MCIM) and the base function based inversion method (BFIM) are extensively tested to evaluate their convergence characteristics for practical applications. The MCIM shows good applicability only to relatively simple profiles, while the BFIM gives reasonable estimations even for multi-peak profiles provided that appropriate base functions are selected. Further, simultaneous inversion of temperature and concentration is tried and it is found to be accurately achieved when there is an inter-correlation between them. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Numerical convergence of temperature in radiation problems with absorbing, emitting, and nonscattering media is examined. Iteration processes for the solution of blackbody intensity (or temperature) when using the pointwise or the control-volume energy equation are scrutinized and a sufficient condition for convergence is presented. An explicit and a few implicit methods for prescribed heat source distribution in one-, two-, and three-dimensional enclosures are devised. They are incorporated and tested with the discrete ordinates method, the discrete ordinates interpolation method [1], and the zone method, and comparison of the number of iterations for convergence as well as the solution accuracy is made. The implicit methods significantly reduce the number of iterations, and this is prominent for optically thick cases. However, they reduce the number of iterations marginally as the number of control volumes increases. A fully implicit scheme reduces the number of iterations more effectively than a semi-implicit one does. Also, taking finer (and thus more) control volumes increases the number of explicit iterations asymptotically, reaching an upper bound as a function of the total optical thickness and the convergence criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical study is performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a two-dimensional forced convection over a plate with protruded transverse groove fins. The study is made for four geometries, five different Reynolds numbers, and for more groove fins with smaller size. Numerical analysis is carried out to investigate the flow patterns, isotherms, heat transfer rates, and the effectiveness of the increased grooves. Local Nusselt number and total heat transfer rate are calculated and the average Nusselt number is correlated as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Protruded grooves yield a much larger heat transfer rate than a flat plate owing to flow penetration into the groove. Grooved fins with protruded mounting are suitable for heat transfer enhancement, and the total length is recommended not to exceed the reattachment length significantly. The derived correlations and physical considerations may be used when designing grooved plates to enhance heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from steady laminar to chaotic convection in a glass-melting furnace specified by upper surface temperature distribution has been studied by direct numerical analysis of two- and three-dimensional time dependent Navier-Stokes equations. Thermal instability of the convection roll may take place when the modified Rayleigh number Ram is larger than 9.71 x 10 4. It is shown that the basic flow patterns in a glass-melting furnace are steady laminar, unsteady periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic flow. The instabilities have the characteristic (viscous diffusion, tau d = H2/upsilon 0) timescales observed in the typical transitions. Through primary (2-D) and secondary (3-D) instability analyses, the fundamental unsteady feature in a glass-melting furnace is well defined as an unsteady periodic or a weak chaotic flow with typical periods of 1 - 3 times tau d. The results strongly imply the possibility of unsteady or chaotic flow in glass melters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]