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Background: Test anxiety is a psychological condition that causes extreme stress and anxiety in exam situations. Students feel stress and anxiety before exams. It can disrupt their learning and lead to poor performance. Relaxation techniques, like tensing toe relaxation, are the most effective non-pharmacological techniques for reducing stress because they affect mental and physical states like depression, mood, anxiety, and self-blaming. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the tensing toe relaxation technique on test anxiety among first-year B.S. nursing students and the association of the level of test anxiety with their selected demographic variables. Methods: The Quasi-experimental research study was conducted in two selected colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, among B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students. Thirty-four (34) students were selected for each Experimental and Control group by using the Purposive sampling technique. Nist, Diehl A test anxiety scale and a self-structured socio-demographic tool were used for collecting the data through the questioning method. After demonstrating the tensing toe relaxation technique to the experimental group, they were asked to practice for 2 weeks. The posttest was conducted at the end of two weeks. Results: Study findings show a reduction of test anxiety with (t = 6.02) (p = 0.000), which is highly significant at p 0.001, and also the unpaired t-test post-test values show a significant change at p 0.001. Furthermore, there is a significant association between the level of test anxiety and selected demographic variables at p <0.05. Conclusion: TheTensing toe relaxation technique is an effective intervention to reduce test anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-growing global population, combined with the industrial revolution and increased consumerism, has led to an exponential surge in waste generation. The implementation of integrated solid waste management (ISWM) is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and limited landfill space. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as powerful tools to support ISWM strategies through their diverse applications. This short review explores the novel applications of RS and GIS in ISWM and highlights their potential for enhancing waste management practices. RS techniques, such as satellite imagery and aerial photography, enable the accurate mapping and monitoring of waste generation, disposal sites, and recycling facilities. GIS facilitates spatial analysis and decision-making, allowing for optimized waste collection routes, landfill site selection, and the identification of suitable locations for waste-to-energy projects. Furthermore, RS and GIS provide valuable insights into waste composition analysis, landfill stability assessment, and environmental impact evaluation. This review underscores the importance of leveraging RS and GIS technologies to improve waste management practices and offers valuable recommendations for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy cannot be determined without diagnostic parameters. Its estimation is a challenging job because the disease is typically latent and only manifests when the patient experiences overt stress, such as changes in body position, exercise, drugs, hemorrhage, or surgery. The goal of this research is to evaluate cardiac dysfunction in patients with end-stage liver disease, examine the relationship between cardiac dysfunction and clinical outcomes in liver disease patients, and investigate the prevalence and effects of cardiac dysfunction. Results: The patients' group had a higher prevalence of diastolic impairment (p<0.001). Only one patient (5.2%) did not have any systolic dysfunction, while nine patients (47.3%) had grade 1 dysfunction, six (31.5%) had grade 2, and three (15.7%) had grade 3 dysfunction. When compared to controls, the patient group's QTc gap was significantly prolonged (p 0.001). Three months of follow-up were given to every subject. Of the 30 patients, 11 passed away during this time. The majority of patients suffer from cardiac failure, primarily diastolic dysfunction. Due to its early onset, diastolic dysfunction has been shown to be the most sensitive measure in the diagnosis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. No relationship between cardiac dysfunction and the severity of hepatic sickness was discovered, but the outcome is more affected by the severity of hepatic illness than cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algae are promising sources of biofuel. Microalgae's ability to grow quickly with photosynthesis, carbon dioxide, and nutrients makes them ideal biofuel sources that do not compete for resources with food crops like corn. Algae cultivation on non-arable land allows it to produce biofuel while not competing with them for resources. Algae biofuel has many advantages over fossil fuels, including reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon emissions. There are various methods for turning algal feedstock or biomass into advanced biofuels. Algae biofuels have become widely used as fossil fuel replacements; however, several challenges must still be overcome, such as high production costs, the need for extensive growing systems, harvesting techniques that enable efficient harvesting/extraction techniques, as well as efficient harvesting/extraction technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]