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Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary glands is a wellestablished technique that aids in pre-operative identification of abnormalities and to distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic salivary gland lesions. Milan system for reporting of salivary gland cytology uses a standardized tiered system for categorization of salivary gland lesions. Aims and Objectives: The present research was aimed to study the prevalence of various salivary gland lesions cytologically and classify them based on the Milan system. Materials and Methods: The current retrospective descriptive study was done in the Department of Pathology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, M.P. A total of 57 FNAC slides were retrieved, re-examined, and re-classified according to the Milan system. Results: In the present study, a total of 57 cases of salivary gland lesions were included and categorized under the Milan system of salivary gland cytology. 5.3% of the smears in our study were non-diagnostic (Category I). The most common category was IVa comprising benign neoplastic lesions with 36.8%. Non-neoplastic lesions (Category II) were seen in 24.6% cases, whereas 14% of the lesions belonged to category IVb (suspicious for malignancy). Malignant lesions (Category VI) comprised 8.8% of all the cases. Conclusion: The most common and least common category of salivary gland lesion was Category IVa and Category IVb, respectively. The adoption of Milan classification system for reporting salivary gland FNAC is a critical step in categorizing these lesions for risk stratification and enhancing the communication among clinicians and pathologists, the ultimate result being improved patient care and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiological agent for pandemic COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Hematological and biochemical parameters are the indicators of inflammation and coagulopathy. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to determine how effectively the hematological parameters and biochemical markers can help predict the severity of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: The current retrospective cohort study was conducted among 200 COVID-19 patients admitted in the Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. In our lab’s computerized system, certain hematological and biochemical parameters of the patients were retrieved and recorded. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: Total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, and serum ferritin had a significant relationship with severity among ICU patients (P<0.05). ALC, D-dimer, and serum ferritin can be used to predict the severity of COVID patients with area under the ROC-AUC curve values of 0.717, 0.725, and 0.710, respectively. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein were not useful to predict the severity of COVID illness. Conclusion: Hb concentration, TLC, NLR, D-dimer, and serum ferritin were significantly raised in critically ill COVID patients. ROC curve analysis showed that ALC, serum ferritin, and D-dimer were able to predict the severity of COVID illness effectively. Conclusively, these parameters can be used to track the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several veins have been well-recognized as acceptable conduits for infrainguinal bypass surgery when the ipsilateral greater saphenous vein is unavailable. However, there is a paucity of literature describing the brachial vein as an adequate alternative. In the absence of other viable autogenous conduits, we describe the use of a brachial vein as a successful alternative for lower extremity revascularization. Methods: A 70-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of right calf pain. Duplex ultrasound imaging of his right lower extremity revealed right-sided 2.5 cm acutely thrombosed superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery aneurysms. The patient underwent a suction thrombectomy with tissue plasminogen activator using the Power Pulse feature and Solent catheter from the AngioJet® (Boston-Scientific, Marlborough, MA) system. To repair the thrombosed aneurysms, an open bypass was planned. Due to lack of viable alternative traditionally used venous conduits, a bypass was created using the patient's brachial vein. Results: A bypass was created from the superficial femoral artery to the P2 segment of the popliteal artery using a non-reversed brachial vein with ligation of the side branches of the superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery aneurysm from within the sac lumen. Completion angiogram revealed runoff through the anterior tibial artery only. Follow-up imaging at three months demonstrated a patent brachial bypass. Conclusion: Brachial veins can be safely used as viable venous conduits for lower extremity bypass surgery and should therefore be considered as an alternative when more commonly used veins are unsuitable or unavailable. However, more research is needed to determine the potential opportunities and challenges this alternative may present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to find key genes and enriched pathways associated with lung cancer using bioinformatics and statistical techniques. A total of 54674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data genes based on clinical information of lung cancer was taken from 66 patients of African American (AAs) origin. The data was retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/. The accession number of data is GSE102287. The Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were used to find association among DEGs. Total 33 common DEGs were found from stage, tumor and status of lung cancer patients. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis is performed and 49 significant pathways were obtained, out of which 10 pathways were found that were exclusively involved in lung cancer development. PPI network analysis found 69 nodes and 324 edges and identified 10 hub genes based on their highest degrees. Additionally, module analysis of PPI found that 'Viral carcinogenesis', 'pathways in cancer', 'notch signaling pathway', 'AMPK signaling pathways' had closed association with lung cancer. It is seen that these identified DEGs do not directly participate in growth of lung cancer but regulate other genes which play important role in growth of lung cancer. The key genes and enriched pathways identified can thus help in better identification and prediction of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the management of post-parturient haemoglobinuria in a primiparous HF cow using whole blood transfusion with an alternative approach. Post-parturient haemoglobinuria is a condition that affects high-yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation, characterized by acute intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. The exact cause is unknown, but factors such as phosphorus depletion, copper deficiency, and certain feeds may contribute. Blood transfusion is the first line of therapy for severe haemorrhage or blood loss, and this report documents a successful case of blood transfusion in a HF crossbred cow. The article provides details of the case history, treatment, and discussion of the condition. It also highlights the importance of phosphorus deficiency and the use of alternative approaches for blood transfusion. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Iatrogenic guidewire perforation is a well-known complication of lower extremity angioplasty that is often benign or can be easily treated with endovascular techniques. However, perforations that occur in arterial side branches may be more challenging to manage. If bleeding persists, open surgery and fasciotomy may be required to evacuate the resulting hematoma and prevent compartment syndrome. These subsequent procedures increase morbidity and, if the angioplasty was performed in the outpatient setting, necessitate patient transfer to a hospital. To address these challenges, we describe a non-invasive hemostasis technique involving serial sphygmomanometer cuff inflations over the affected site in a series of five patients who experienced this complication at our office. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity angioplasty that were found to have an arterial guidewire perforation on completion angiogram at our outpatient center between February 2012 and February 2017. Patients found to have iatrogenic guidewire perforations were administered intravenous protamine sulfate and were transferred to the surgical recovery room. Patients received ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain management. A blood pressure cuff was placed around the site of perforation, and patients received serial cuff inflation cycles with repeated examinations of both limbs until patients reported cessation of pain and there were no signs of a developing hematoma. Patients were observed for two hours before they were discharged home. A follow-up duplex ultrasound examination was completed within one week of the intervention. Results: Over the course of five years, 536 angioplasties were performed at our outpatient office. Five of these patients experienced iatrogenic guidewire perforation (0.93%). Perforations occurred in branches of the anterior or posterior tibial artery. All of these patients were successfully managed with the aforementioned hemostasis technique. None of these patients required transfer to a hospital for further management, and no complications were reported at follow-up. Conclusions: Complications of iatrogenic guidewire perforations in lower extremity arterial side branches can be safely and effectively managed by applying external compression around the affected site with an automatic blood pressure cuff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]