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Salt stress is a major abiotic stressor that limits plant growth, development, and agricultural productivity, especially in regions with high soil salinity. With the increasing salinization of soils due to climate change, developing salt-tolerant crops has become essential for ensuring food security. This review consolidates recent advances in plant genetics, transcription factors (TFs), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies that are pivotal for enhancing salt stress tolerance in crops. It highlights critical genes involved in ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, and stress signaling pathways, which contribute to plant resilience under saline conditions. Additionally, specific TF families, such as DREB, NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC), and WRKY, are explored for their roles in activating salt-responsive gene networks. By leveraging NGS technologies—including genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)—this review provides insights into the complex genetic basis of salt tolerance, identifying novel genes and regulatory networks that underpin adaptive responses. Emphasizing the integration of genetic tools, TF research, and NGS, this review presents a comprehensive framework for accelerating the development of salt-tolerant crops, contributing to sustainable agriculture in saline-prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from food waste to food security is a critical component of sustainability efforts. This approach focuses on repurposing organic waste products generated throughout the food supply chain into valuable resources. Food waste, encompassing everything from agricultural residues to post-consumer waste, represents a significant untapped potential that can be harnessed to enhance food security. By implementing strategies such as composting, bioconversion, and innovative recycling technologies, biowastes can be transformed into fertilizers, animal feed, and even new food products, thus closing the loop in the food system and aiding sustainable solutions for waste valorization. This transition not only addresses environmental concerns by reducing landfill waste and greenhouse gas emissions but also contributes to economic sustainability by creating new opportunities within the food production and waste management sectors. Ultimately, transforming food waste into a resource aligns with the broader goals of a circular economy, ensuring a sustainable, resilient, and food-secure future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing challenge of food waste management presents a critical opportunity for advancing the circular bioeconomy, aiming to transform waste into valuable resources. This paper explores innovative strategies for converting food wastes into renewable food resources, emphasizing the integration of sustainable technologies and zero-waste principles. The main objective is to demonstrate how these approaches can contribute to a more sustainable food system by reducing environmental impacts and enhancing resource efficiency. Novel contributions of this study include the development of bioproducts from various food waste streams, highlighting the potential of underutilized resources like bread and jackfruit waste. Through case studies and experimental findings, the paper illustrates the successful application of green techniques, such as microbial fermentation and bioprocessing, in valorizing food wastes. The implications of this research extend to policy frameworks, encouraging the adoption of circular bioeconomy models that not only address waste management challenges but also foster economic growth and sustainability. These findings underscore the potential for food waste to serve as a cornerstone in the transition to a circular, regenerative economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ‐Polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) microgel, produced by Bacillus spp., represents a promising biomaterial with diverse industrial applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. This review explores the current methodologies in the industrial production of γ‐PGA microgel, emphasizing the optimization of fermentation conditions, genetic engineering of Bacillus strains, and advances in downstream processing techniques. Key applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental management are discussed, highlighting its role in drug delivery systems, as a biocontrol agent, and in wastewater treatment. Future perspectives include enhancing production efficiency through synthetic biology, expanding its application scope, and addressing economic and regulatory challenges to facilitate broader adoption. The integration of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary approaches is crucial for the sustainable development and commercial success of γ‐PGA microgel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibres in recent years have been found to contribute a great share in making composites. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant fibres which are natural were used in this work and have not yet been tried to make the composites so far and easily available thus making this study very necessary it aims to perform various chemical treatments and to study the physical and chemical properties of them. The methodology adopted was that literature review, problem identification, extraction of fibres, treatment of fibres, chemical and mechanical testing of fibres, results and discussions and conclusion. Fibre chemical composition tests were also done to determine the constituents of the fibres. Two chemical treatment methods (alkalinization and benzoylation) were proposed in this work. Chemical treatments were found to improve surface roughness. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), researchers examined the fibres' structural and morphological alterations and discovered that components like pectin were largely eliminated. The structural properties of fibres were known from X-ray diffractograms, and crystallinity percentages were found for the cellulosic fibres. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy presented the spectra of the fibres which revealed the structure of organic compounds and the presence or the absence of functional groups. It showed the partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Axial tensile tests were performed for the fibres to know the maximum tensile force and percentage elongation. Chemical treatments partially removed impurities in the fibres and made morphological changes. The improvements in mean tensile values and percentage elongation were found in 5% alkali-treated and benzoylation-treated fibres, 56% and 63% higher than the untreated fibres respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]