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The genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892 is the second largest genus of Psilodercidae, a family restricted to Asia, occurring from East India to the Philippines. Fourteen new species of Psiloderces from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam are described: P. heise sp. nov. (♂♀), P. gawanaensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bontocensis sp. nov. (♀), P. cuyapoensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. xichang sp. nov. (♂♀), P. cattienensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. pingguo sp. nov. (♂♀), P. palopoensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. penajamensis sp. nov. (♂), P. grohotensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bangkiraiensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bolang sp. nov. (♂♀), P. wangou sp. nov. (♂♀), and P. malinoensis sp. nov. (♂♀). Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.

Ten new species of the spider family Psilodercidae Machado, 1951 are described from tropical East Asia, including five species found in China: Sinoderces luohanensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. xueae Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. taichi Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. wenshanensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. aiensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀); three are from Laos: S. khanensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. phathaoensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. kieoensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂); and the rest are from Thailand: S. saraburiensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂), S. dewaroopensis Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Types of all new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China.

Seven species of the genus Opopaea Simon, 1892 from Kenya are recognized, including five new species: O. berlandi (Simon & Fage, 1922), O. kulczynskii (Berland, 1914), O. makadara Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngangao Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngulia Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. sheldrick Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), and O. wundanyi Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all the species are given. All types are preserved in the National Museums of Kenya in Nairobi, Kenya (NMK).

Eresidae C. L. Koch, 1845 contains nine genera and 102 species, of which 24 species belong to Eresus Walckenaer, 1805. Four species of the family are known from China: E. granosus Simon, 1895 (Beijing), E. kollari Rossi, 1846 (Hebei), E. lishizheni Lin, Marusik & Li, 2021 (Xinjiang) and Stegodyphus tibialis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) (Yunnan).Two new species of Eresus are described from Xinjiang, China: Eresus da Lin & Li sp. n. and E. yukuni Lin & Li sp. n. Photos and morphological descriptions of new species are given.

As a serious occupational pulmonary fibrosis disease, pneumoconiosis still lacks effective biomarkers. Previous studies suggest that pneumoconiosis may affect the body’s lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to explore lipidomics profiles and lipid metabolite biomarkers in the serum of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) by a population case-control study. A total of 150 CWP cases and 120 healthy controls from Beijing, China were included. Blood lipids were detected in serum biochemistry. Lipidomics was performed in serum samples for high-throughput detection of lipophilic metabolites. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly in CWP cases. Lipidomics data found 131 differential lipid metabolites between the CWP case and control groups. Further, the top eight most important differential lipid metabolites were screened. They all belonged to differential metabolites of CWP at different stages. However, adjusting for potential confounding factors, only three of them were significantly related to CWP, including acylhexosylceramide (AHEXCER 43:5), diacylglycerol (DG 34:8) and dimethyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE 36:0|DMPE 18:0_18:0), of which good sensitivity and specificity were proven. The present study demonstrated that lipidomics profiles could change significantly in the serum of CWP patients and that the lipid metabolites represented by AHEXCER, DG and DMPE may be good biomarkers of CWP.

Three new species of the genus Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970 belonging to the spider family Leptonetidae Simon 1890 are described from Korea. All species were collected from wet leaf litter layers.

Fourteen new species of the genus Thaiderces F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 from Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand are described: T. shuzi Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. peterjaegeri Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂), T. ganlan Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. ngalauindahensis Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂), T. yangcong Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. zuichun Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♀), T. miantiao Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♀), T. jiazi Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♀), T. tuoyuan Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. fengniao Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. haima Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. chujiao Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♀), T. thamphadaengensis Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀), and T. thamprikensis Li & Chang, sp. nov. (♂♀). In addition, two species of Psiloderces Simon, 1892 are transferred to Thaiderces: Thaiderces rimbu (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995) comb. nov. (♂♀) and Thaiderces djojosudharmoi (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995) comb. nov. (♂♀).

Four new species are described in two psilodercid genera, Qiongocera Li & Li, 2017 and Relictocera Li & Li, 2017: Qiongocera luoxuan Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from China, Relictocera wugen Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and R. sigen Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂) from Vietnam, and R. qianzi Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Thailand. These genera were previously thought to be monotypic. In addition, one species of the genus Merizocera Fage, 1912 is transferred to Relictocera: Relictocera mus (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995), comb. nov. (♂♀). The types of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.

A relic amphipod of the Tethys, Sarothrogammarus yiiruae sp. nov., is described from Xinjiang, China. The new species is characterized by the absence of eyes; having the palm of the propodus without a mid-palmar spine on gnathopods I–II; a weakly concave coxal plate IV; narrow bases of pereopods V–VII; a peduncle of uropod I without a basofacial spine; uropod III longer than uropods I–II, a scale-like inner ramus, and a biarticulate outer ramus with distinct second article. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. Genetic distances of the new and related species are provided as proof of species identification.

Two species of the genus Platythomisus Doleschall, 1859 are studied: P. xiandao Lin & Li, sp. nov. is described based on male and female specimens from Yunnan, China, and P. octomaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1845), the type species of the genus, is redescribed based on female specimens from Singapore. Its male, also from Singapore, is described for the first time.

Two new species of the spider genus Pimoa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 are described from Hunan and Yunnan Provinces, China: P. binchuanensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. xinjianensis sp. nov. (♂♀). In addition, the male of P. lata Xu & Li, 2009 is described for the first time. The DNA barcodes of the two new species are documented.

Three new species of the genus Flexicrurum Tong & Li, 2007, from Hainan Island, China are described: F. wuzhishanense sp. nov. (♂♀), F. yangjiao sp. nov. (♂♀), and F. qishi sp. nov. (♂♀). A key to males of species of Flexicrurum is provided. Additionally, the female of F. minutum Tong & Li, 2007, is described for the first time. To date, the genus is endemic to Hainan Island, China. Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.

Eleven species of the spider family Agelenidae Koch, 1837 are reviewed based on the type material and transferred from the genus Agelena Walckenaer, 1805 to Mistaria Lehtinen 1967. These species occur in various African countries as indicated and include: M. jaundea (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♂, Cameroon), M. jumbo (Strand, 1913), comb. nov. (♂♀, Central & East Africa), M. kiboschensis (Lessert, 1915), comb. nov. (♂♀, Central & East Africa), M. keniana (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Kenya), M. lawrencei (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Zimbabwe), M. longimamillata (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Mozambique), M. moschiensis (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Tanzania), M. mossambica (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Mozambique), M. nyassana (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, Malawi), M. teteana (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♂, Mozambique) and M. zuluana (Roewer, 1955), comb. nov. (♀, South Africa).

Three new species of Luzonacera Li & Li, 2017 are described: L. francescoballarini Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), L. lattuensis Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and L. peterjaegeri Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). Prior to this study, the genus was known by two species, both from Luzon Island, Philippines. So far, the genus and all five species are endemic to Luzon Island and can be found in dry or humid caves in a dark environment.

Seven new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007: Trilacuna bawan Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), T. datang Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), T. fugong Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), T. gongshan Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), T. longling Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), T. wuhe Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female), and T. xinping Tong, Zhang & Li, sp. n. (male, female) are described from Yunnan Province, China.

A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Guilotes Z. Zhao & S. Li, gen. n. from China is described, as well as four new species: G. ludiensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀, type species), G. qingshitanensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀), G. xingpingensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and G. yandongensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♀). The DNA barcodes of all species are documented for future use.

A new genus, Kachinia Tong & Li, gen. n., including two new species, K. putao Tong & Li, sp. n., and K. mahmolae Tong & Li, sp. n., is described from Myanmar. The new genus belonging to the subfamily Oonopinae Simon, 1890, currently is the only member of the Brignolia-Opopaea clade with leg spines.

A new species of subterranean amphipod, Bogidiella pingxiangensis Hou & Li, sp. n., is described from Xiongshizilong Cave in Pingxiang City, China. The new species is characterized by having the bases of pereopods III and V expanded; the inner ramus of pleopods I–III with one segment; the telson longer than wide and with the apical margin with a shallow U-shaped excavation. DNA barcode of the new species is documented as support of molecular differences between related species.

Sixteen new species of Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) are described. Among them, eight species were collected from China: P. chayuensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. conaensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. medogensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. nyingchiensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. shacunensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. shuo Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. yuanjiangensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♀) and P. zixiensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂); seven from Myanmar: P. colubrina Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. daxing Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. gexiao Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. putaoensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂), P. subbirmanica Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. titan Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. xia Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂); and one from Thailand: P. maeklongensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂). A distribution map of the new species is also provided.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a therapeutic milestone exerting a synthetic lethal effect in the treatment of cancer involving BRCA1/2 mutation. Theoretically, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) eliminate tumor cells by disrupting DNA damage repair through either PARylation or the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, resistance to PARPi greatly hinders therapeutic effectiveness in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Owing to the high heterogeneity and few genetic targets in TNBC, there has been limited therapeutic progress in the past decades. In view of this, there is a need to circumvent resistance to PARPi and develop potential treatment strategies for TNBC. We present, herein, a review of the scientific progress and explore the mechanisms underlying PARPi resistance in TNBC. The complicated mechanisms of PARPi resistance, including drug exporter formation, loss of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), HR reactivation, and restoration of replication fork stability, are discussed in detail in this review. Additionally, we also discuss new combination therapies with PARPi that can improve the clinical response in TNBC. The new perspectives for PARPi bring novel challenges and opportunities to overcome PARPi resistance in breast cancer.

Lung regeneration occurs in a variety of adult mammals after surgical removal of one lung (pneumonectomy). Previous studies of murine post-pneumonectomy lung growth have identified regenerative “hotspots” in subpleural alveolar ducts; however, the cell-types participating in this process remain unclear. To identify the single cells participating in post-pneumonectomy lung growth, we used laser microdissection, enzymatic digestion and microfluidic isolation. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of the murine alveolar duct cells was performed using the C1 integrated fluidic circuit (Fluidigm) and a custom PCR panel designed for lung growth and repair genes. The multi-dimensional data set was analyzed using visualization software based on the tSNE algorithm. The analysis identified 6 cell clusters; 1 cell cluster was present only after pneumonectomy. This post-pneumonectomy cluster was significantly less transcriptionally active than 3 other clusters and may represent a transitional cell population. A provisional cluster identity for 4 of the 6 cell clusters was obtained by embedding bulk transcriptional data into the tSNE analysis. The transcriptional pattern of the 6 clusters was further analyzed for genes associated with lung repair, matrix production, and angiogenesis. The data demonstrated that multiple cell-types (clusters) transcribed genes linked to these basic functions. We conclude that the coordinated gene expression across multiple cell clusters is likely a response to a shared regenerative microenvironment within the subpleural alveolar ducts.

The Pinelema bailongensis Wang & Li, 2012 species group of the spider family Telemidae Fage, 1913 from Guangxi and Guizhou, China is revised. Previously, this species group contained two species: P. bailongensis and P. xiushuiensis Wang & Li, 2016. In this study, four species are transferred from Telema Simon, 1882 to Pinelema Wang & Li, 2012, and treated as members of the P. bailongensis species group. They are P. cordata (Wang & Li, 2010) comb. n., P. liangxi (Zhu & Chen, 2002) comb. n., P. strentarsi (Lin & Li, 2010) comb. n. and P. zhewang (Chen & Zhu, 2009) comb. n. Additionally, six new species belonging to the species group are described: P. cheni Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. huoyan Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. lizhuang Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. wangshang Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. wenyang Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and P. yunchuni Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). A key to males is provided.

In the current study, three species reported from Kenya are transferred from Agelena Walckenaer, 1805 to Mistaria Lehtinen, 1967, i.e. M. fagei (Caporiacco, 1949), comb. n., M. nairobii (Caporiacco, 1949), comb. n. and M. zorica (Strand, 1913), comb. n. One new species M. nyeupenyeusi G.M. Kioko & S. Li, sp. n. is described.

Background/Aims: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed abundant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been characterized as critical components of cancer biology in humans. The present study aims to investigate the role of the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in breast cancer (BRCA) as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms and functions of KCNQ1OT1 involved in the progression of BRCA. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and StarBase v2.0 were used to obtain the required gene data. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to verify the relevant intermolecular target relationships. QRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the expression levels of different molecules. Cell proliferation was detected by using the MTT and colony formation assays, while cell migration and invasion were examined by transwell assay. Variations in cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined through flow cytometry. A tumor xenograft model was applied to assess tumor growth in vivo. Results: KCNQ1OT1 was found to be remarkably highly expressed in BRCA tissues and cells. KCNQ1OT1 modulated CCNE2 through sponging miR-145 in BRCA. KCNQ1OT1 promoted tumor growth in vivo by regulating miR-145/CCNE2. Conclusion: The KCNQ1OT1/miR-145/CCNE2 axis plays a critical regulatory role in BRCA, potentially giving rise to BRCA tumorigenesis and progression. These findings provide valuable evidence for improving the diagnosis and treatment of BRCA in the future.

Abstract Background Detailed molecular analyses of cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium hold promise in identifying cellular phenotypes that drive tissue pathology and joint damage. The Accelerating Medicines Partnership RA/SLE Network aims to deconstruct autoimmune pathology by examining cells within target tissues through multiple high-dimensional assays. Robust standardized protocols need to be developed before cellular phenotypes at a single cell level can be effectively compared across patient samples. Methods Multiple clinical sites collected cryopreserved synovial tissue fragments from arthroplasty and synovial biopsy in a 10% DMSO solution. Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation parameters were optimized for viable cell extraction and surface protein preservation for cell sorting and mass cytometry, as well as for reproducibility in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Cryopreserved synovial samples were collectively analyzed at a central processing site by a custom-designed and validated 35-marker mass cytometry panel. In parallel, each sample was flow sorted into fibroblast, T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage suspensions for bulk population RNA-seq and plate-based single-cell CEL-Seq2 RNA-seq. Results Upon dissociation, cryopreserved synovial tissue fragments yielded a high frequency of viable cells, comparable to samples undergoing immediate processing. Optimization of synovial tissue dissociation across six clinical collection sites with ~ 30 arthroplasty and ~ 20 biopsy samples yielded a consensus digestion protocol using 100 μg/ml of Liberase™ TL enzyme preparation. This protocol yielded immune and stromal cell lineages with preserved surface markers and minimized variability across replicate RNA-seq transcriptomes. Mass cytometry analysis of cells from cryopreserved synovium distinguished diverse fibroblast phenotypes, distinct populations of memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells, and multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation states. Bulk RNA-seq of sorted cell populations demonstrated robust separation of synovial lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Single-cell RNA-seq produced transcriptomes of over 1000 genes/cell, including transcripts encoding characteristic lineage markers identified. Conclusions We have established a robust protocol to acquire viable cells from cryopreserved synovial tissue with intact transcriptomes and cell surface phenotypes. A centralized pipeline to generate multiple high-dimensional analyses of synovial tissue samples collected across a collaborative network was developed. Integrated analysis of such datasets from large patient cohorts may help define molecular heterogeneity within RA pathology and identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Spiders of the genus Althepus Thorell, 1898 are found throughout Southeast Asia, notable for their long walking legs. Ten new species are reported in this paper from China, Indonesia, Laos and Myanmar: A. chengmenensis Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. cheni Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. gouci Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. hongguangi Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. phousalao Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. qianhuang Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. qingyuani Li & Li, sp. n. (♀), A. sepakuensis Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), A. xuae Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and A. yizhuang Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). These species were found in cave entrances and among tree-buttresses, indicating the spiders have a preference for dark and moist environments. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China (IZCAS).

The family Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 is reported from Cambodia for the first time. Two species belonging to the genus Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 are documented as new to science: Tetrablemma kepense sp. n. (male, female) from Kep Province and Tetrablemma sokense sp. n. (male, female) from Battambang Province. Diagnoses, morphological descriptions, and comparative illustrations are provided.

A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Sinodraconarius gen. n., with four new species, S. cawarongensis sp. n. (♂♀), S. muruoensis sp. n. (♂♀), S. sangjiuensis sp. n. (♂♀, type species), S. yui sp. n. (♂♀) and S. patellabifidus (Wang, 2003) comb. n., ex. Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999 is described. The genus is restricted to Southwest China. Sinodraconarius gen. n. is most similar to Draconarius but can be distinguished by the shape of the copulatory organs. The DNA barcodes of all species were documented for future use.

Seven new species of the genus Gammarus are described and illustrated from southern China. The new species Gammarus vallecula Hou & Li, sp. n., G. qinling Hou & Li, sp. n., G. zhigangi Hou & Li, sp. n. and G. jidutanxian Hou & Li, sp. n. are characterized by inner ramus of uropod III half the length of outer ramus. Gammarus longdong Hou & Li, sp. n. is characterized by inner ramus of uropod III 0.9 times as long as outer ramus. Gammarus mosuo Hou & Li, sp. n. is characterized by pereopods V–VII with long setae on anterior margins and both rami of uropod III armed with simple setae. Gammarus caecigenus Hou & Li, sp. n. can be distinguished from other species by eyes absent. DNA barcodes of the new species are documented as proof of molecular differences between species. A key to the new species and a map of their distributions are provided.

Abstract To study the regulatory effect of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐20a‐5p/HMGA2 axis on breast cancer (BC) cell growth, cell mobility, invasiveness, and apoptosis. The microarray data of lncRNAs and mRNAs with differential expression in BC tissues were analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTAIR) expression in BC was assessed by qRT‐PCR. Cell viability was confirmed using MTT and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cell mobility and invasiveness were testified by transwell assay. RNA pull‐down and dual luciferase assay were used for analysis of the correlation between lncRNA HOTAIR and miR‐20a‐5p, as well as relationship of miR‐20a‐5p with high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2). Tumor xenograft study was applied to confirm the correlation of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐20a‐5p/HMGA2 axis on BC development in vivo. The expression levels of the lncRNA HOTAIR were upregulated in BC tissues and cells. Knockdown lncRNA HOTAIR inhibited cell propagation and metastasis and facilitated cell apoptosis. MiR‐20a‐5p was a target of lncRNA HOTAIR and had a negative correlation with lncRNA HOTAIR. MiR‐20a‐5p overexpression in BC suppressed cell growth, mobility, and invasiveness and facilitated apoptosis. HMGA2 was a target of miR‐20a‐5p, which significantly induced carcinogenesis of BC. BC cells progression was mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR via affecting miR‐20a‐5p/HMGA2 in vivo. LncRNA HOTAIR affected cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis via the miR‐20a‐5p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer.

Four new species of the genus Gammarus are described and illustrated from Tibetan Plateau. Gammarus altus sp. n. and G. limosus sp. n. are characterized by pereopods III–IV with a few short setae and uropod III with marginal spines accompanied by short setae. Gammarus kangdingensis sp. n. and G. gonggaensis sp. n. are characterized by pereopods III–IV with long straight setae on posterior margins and inner ramus of uropod III 0.4 times as long as outer ramus. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. A key to 15 Gammarus species from the Tibetan Plateau and a map of their distributions are provided.

A new species of the spider family Telemidae from South Africa, Cangoderces globosa sp. n., is diagnosed, described and illustrated. This is the second species of the family to be recorded from the country. Consistent with the habits of most Afrotropical telemids, C. globosa sp. n. was collected by sifting leaf litter in forests.

Seven new species of the spider genus Pinelema Wang & Li, 2012, from Vietnam are reported: P. damtaoensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. nuocnutensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. laensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. pacchanensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. spirulata Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. xiezi Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and P. zhenzhuang Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). Prior to the current study, this genus contained eight species and was known only from southwestern China. The diagnosis of the genus is updated, accounting for characters found in the new species.

Two new species of Telemidae from Kenya are described: Guhua kakamegaensis Zhao & Li, gen. et sp. n., Apneumonella taitatavetaensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. Holotypes are deposited in the National Museum of Kenya in Nairobi, and all paratypes are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. A distribution map of Telemidae found in Kenya is presented.

A new linyphiid genus Callosa gen. n., with two new species Callosa ciliata sp. n. (♂♀, type species) and Callosa baiseensis sp. n. (♂♀), from southwest China are described. Detailed description of genitalic characters and somatic features is provided, as well as light microscopy and SEM micrographs of each species. Callosa gen. n. was found in caves in Yunnan and Guangxi, and its copulatory organs are similar to those of Bathyphantes and Porrhomma, but differ greatly in details. The monophyly and placement of Callosa gen. n. are supported by the results of molecular analysis.

Three new Pinelema species, P. cunfengensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. podiensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and P. qingfengensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), are described from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, bringing the total number of Pinelema species to eight. All occur in Yunnan Province or the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The male palp of Telemidae was studied for the first time using scanning electron microscope.

Five species of Pireneitega spiders from China are surveyed, of which three are new to science: P. huashanensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. lushuiensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. xiyankouensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). Two known species are redescribed: P. liansui (Bao & Yin, 2004) and P. triglochinata (Zhu & Wang, 1991). The males of P. liansui and P. triglochinata (Zhu & Wang, 1991) are described for the first time. DNA barcodes for five species are documented for future use and as proof of molecular differences between species.

Eight species of armored spiders belonging to two families, Pacullidae Simon, 1894 and Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873, are reported from Singapore. Five species are documented as new to science: Paculla bukittimahensis Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), P. globosa Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Ablemma malacca Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Singaporemma lenachanae Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), and Sulaimania brevis Lin & Li, sp. n. (male). The three known species are Brignoliella besutensis Lin, Li & Jäger, 2012, B. michaeli Lehtinen, 1981, and Singaporemma singulare Shear, 1978, of which the female of B. besutensis is described for the first time. For comparison, types of Singaporemma adjacens Lehtinen, 1981 from Vietnam, Singaporemma halongense Lehtinen, 1981 from Vietnam, Singaporemma singulare from Singapore and Sulaimania vigelandi Lehtinen, 1981 from Malaysia are studied and photographed.

Twenty one jumping spider species from South Yunnan are reported, diagnosed, described and illustrated; 19 of them are described as new: Afraflacilla ballarini Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Agorius tortilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Bavia exilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Carrhotus kevinlii Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Carrhotus sarahcrewsae Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Chinattus wengnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Chinophrys mengyangensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cocalus menglaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cytaea yunnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gedea pinguis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Icius bamboo Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Nannenus menghaiensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius latus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Phintella lepidus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Phintella sancha Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Ptocasius paraweyersi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and Stenaelurillus fuscus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂). Females of Bavia capistrata (C.L. Koch, 1846) and Phintella suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013 are described for the first time. DNA barcodes of 12 species were obtained for future use.

Forty-three new species of Nesticidae are described from China, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Madagascar, and two new junior synonyms are suggested. A new genus, Speleoticus gen. n., is described with Nesticus navicellatus Liu & Li, 2013 as the type species, and four species are transferfed from Nesticus, i.e., Speleoticus globosus (Liu & Li, 2013), comb. n., S. libo (Chen & Zhu, 2005), comb. n., S. navicellatus (Liu & Li, 2015), comb. n. and S. uenoi (Yaginuma, 1972), comb. n. The new species described in this paper belong to four genera and are: Hamus cornutus sp. n. (♂♀), H. kangdingensis sp. n. (♂), H. luzon sp. n. (♀), H. mangunensis sp. n. (♂), Nescina kohi sp. n. (♂♀), Nesticella baiseensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. baobab sp. n. (♂), N. caeca sp. n. (♂♀), N. chongqing sp. n. (♀), N. dazhuangensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. fuliangensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. gazuida sp. n. (♀), N. gongshanensis sp. n. (♀), N. griswoldi sp. n. (♂♀), N. hongheensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. huomachongensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. jingpo sp. n. (♀), N. kaohsiungensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. lisu sp. n. (♂♀), N. liuzhaiensis sp. n. (♀), N. nandanensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. phami sp. n. (♂♀), N. potala sp. n. (♀), N. qiaoqiensis sp. n. (♀), N. qiongensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. robusta sp. n. (♂♀), N. rongtangensis sp. n. (♂), N. sanchaheensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. sulawesi sp. n. (♀), N. sumatrana sp. n. (♂), N. tibetana sp. n. (♂♀), N. vanlang sp. n. (♀), N. wanzaiensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. xiongmao sp. n. (♂♀), N. xixia sp. n. (♂♀), N. yanbeiensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. yao sp. n. (♀), N. zhiyuani sp. n. (♂♀), Pseudonesticus dafangensis sp. n. (♂♀), P. miao sp. n. (♂♀), P. spinosus sp. n. (♂♀), P. wumengensis sp. n. (♀), P. ziyunensis sp. n. (♂♀). Nesticella inthanoni (Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980), syn. n. is synonymised with N. mollicula (Thorell, 1898); N. taiwan Tso & Yoshida, 2000, syn. n. is synonymised with N. odonta (Chen, 1984). The female of Nesticella connectens Wunderlich, 1995, so far unknown, is described and recorded from Thailand. Nesticidae are reported from Madagascar for the first time. Nesticella nepalensis (Hubert, 1973) is recorded for the first time from China. Types of Nesticella odonta (Chen, 1984), N. songi Chen & Zhu, 2004 and N. yui Wunderlich & Song, 1995 are re-examined and photographed. The entire genus Nesticella is reviewed, and four species groups are recognised. DNA barcodes of the new species are obtained to confirm their correct identifications.

Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus are reported from Singapore: I. an Tong & Li, sp. n., I. brunneus Tong & Li, sp. n., I. dactylinus Tong & Li, sp. n., I. poculum Tong & Li, sp. n. and I. tectorius Tong & Li, sp. n. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are given for all new species.

The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, however some patients develop resistance to the drug. Here, the authors use genomic analyses to examine the clonal evolution of 5 patients that develop resistance to ibrutinib.

Five new Platocoelotes species are described based on both sexes collected from caves in southern China. They are: P. luoi sp. n. from Jiangxi, P. qinglinensis sp. n. from Yunnan, P. shuiensis sp. n. from Guizhou, P. tianyangensis sp. n. from Sichuan and P. xianwuensis sp. n. from Hubei.

A new genus, Bannana, is established for two new species that resemble those of the Dysderoides complex. Two new species are described, B. crassispina sp. n. and B. parvula sp. n. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of both new species are given.

Eight new genera and 30 new species are described: Cirrosus gen. n. (type species Cirrosus atrocaudatus sp. n. (♂♀)), Conglin gen. n. (type species Conglin personatus sp. n. (♀)), Curtimeticus gen. n. (type species Curtimeticus nebulosus sp. n. (♂)), Gladiata gen. n. (type species Gladiata fengli sp. n. (♂)), Glebala gen. n. (type species Glebala aspera sp. n. (♂)), Glomerosus gen. n. (type species Glomerosus lateralis sp. n. (♂)), Smerasia gen. n. (type species Smerasia obscurus sp. n. (♂♀)), Vittatus gen. n. (type species Vittatus fencha sp. n. (♂♀)); Batueta cuspidata sp. n. (♂♀), Capsulia laciniosa sp. n. (♂), Dactylopisthes separatus sp. n. (♀), Gongylidiellum bracteatum sp. n. (♀), Houshenzinus xiaolongha sp. n. (♂♀), Laogone bai sp. n. (♂), L. lunata sp. n. (♂♀), Maro bulbosus sp. n. (♀), Nasoonaria circinata sp. n. (♂♀), Neriene circifolia sp. n. (♂♀), Oedothorax biantu sp. n. (♀), Oilinyphia hengji sp. n. (♂♀), Paikiniana furcata sp. n. (♂♀), Parameioneta bishou sp. n. (♂♀), P. multifida sp. n. (♂♀), P. tricolorata sp. n. (♂♀), Tapinopa undata sp. n. (♂), Theoa bidentata sp. n. (♂♀), Theoa vesica sp. n. (♂♀), Vittatus bian sp. n. (♂♀), V. latus sp. n. (♂♀), V. pan sp. n. (♂♀). The male of Kaestneria bicultrata Chen & Yin, 2000 and the females of Asiagone perforata Tanasevitch, 2014 and Batueta similis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 are described for the first time; photos of Bathyphantes paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2014 are provided.

Two new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 are described from Tajikistan: Pholcus saidovi Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shuguanensis Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂). The female of P. sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994 is reported for the first time. All belong to the P. nenjukovi species group.

The oonopid spiders of Taiwan are surveyed. Seven genera and 13 species are recognized, including 3 new species: Ischnothyreus kentingensis sp. n., Xyphinus hwangi sp. n. and Xestaspis shoushanensis sp. n. Seven species are newly recorded from this region: Brignolia parumpunctata (Simon, 1893), Opopaea apicalis (Simon, 1893), Opopaea cornuta Yin & Wang, 1984, Opopaea deserticola Simon, 1891, Orchestina sinensis Xu, 1987, Pseudotriaeris karschi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) and Xestaspis loricata (L. Koch, 1873).