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Although he was most commonly regarded as a poet of the rural world, Robert Bloomfield's success as a writer is inextricably linked to the urban and artisanal culture that shaped both his sense of self and others' perception of his work. Initially celebrated as a stand-in for "Giles," the farmer's boy of his first and most successful publication, Bloomfield's status as a ladies' shoemaker at the time of the poem's composition led to the development of a tension between different ways of viewing the author and his achievements. This article brings to light two hitherto neglected works which provide new information about Bloomfield's life prior to achieving fame, and which illuminate his attempts to reconcile his own experience of life with the way in which this was represented and marketed by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Benzene is a volatile organic solvent that easily enters the body when inhaled. Continuous exposure to benzene can cause interference with blood profiles such as leukocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin. The Threshold Limit Value for benzene exposure is 8 hours /day, but the safe duration in each person is different in hours / day. One industry that uses benzene solvent is the home shoe industry in Osowilangun, Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the safe duration of benzene (tE) in hours / day with blood profiles (leukocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin). Methods: This research was conducted at the Osowilangun shoe industry in Surabaya. This research is observational using bivariate analysis using Pearson correlation test. The population in this study amounted to 38 people and used accidental sampling method with 12 samples. The variables studied included the safe duration of toluene (hours/day) and blood profile (leukocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin). Result: The average safe duration (tE) of workers in the Osiwilangun shoe industry in hours / days is 0.0418. The majority of blood profiles (leukocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin) are normal. Through Pearson correlation, the safe duration (hours/day) of benzene are leukocyte levels (p = 0.933), hematocrit levels (p = 0.119) and hemoglobin levels (p = 0,000). Conclusion : There was no significant relationship between safe duration (hours/day) of benzene with leukocyte and hematocrit levels. However, there was a significant relationship between safe duration (hours/day) of benzene and hemoglobin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Toluene is the main organic solvent found in adhesives used for shoe production in Osowilangun Shoes Home Industry. Exposure to toluene that exceeds the threshold value can cause the emergence of free radicals which eventually increase the concentration of malondialdehyde and reduce the concentration of glutathione in the body. The purpose of this research is to study the safe concentration of toluene with levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione in Osowilangun shoe home industry workers. Methods: This is an observational study using cross sectional design and quantitative approaches. There are 25 people were taken as sample by using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis used Pearson correlation test. Result: The average safe concentration value in this study was 1.1088 mg / m3 with an average value of malondialdehyde of 7,784 MU and glutathione of 35,655 µg / L. Pearson correlation test showed the safe concentration of toluene and malondialdehyde level was p=0.685 (p> 0.05), with relationship between safe concentrations of toluene and glutathione was p = 0.808 (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that there was no significant relationship between toluene safe concentration and levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exposure of toluene can cause a decrease in glutathione concentration, increase in malondialdehyde and neurotoxic symptoms. The safe duration of toluene in hours/day for each person can vary. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the safe duration of toluene (hours/day) with the concentration of glutathione, malondialdehyde and neurotoxic symptoms in Osowilangun shoe home industry workers. Methods: This research was observational with quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with 25 respondents. The variables studied were safe toluene duration (hours/day), glutathione concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, and neurotoxic symptoms. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Phi correlation. Result: The average of safe duration was 1,489 hours/day, glutathione concentration was 58,349 µg/L, and malondialdehyde was 7,847 MU. As many as 11 out of 14 workers experienced neurotoxic symptoms. The relationship between safe duration (hours/day) with glutathione concentration (r=0.139) and malondialdehyde (r=-0.146) was very weak. While, the relationship between safe duration (hours/day) and neurotoxic symptoms was weak (φ=-0.223). Conclusion: The relationship between safe duration in hours/day with glutathione concentration and malondialdehyde was very weak, while relationship with neurotoxic symptoms was weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of JDM: Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen is the property of Universitas Negeri Semarang, Fakultas Ekonomi, Jurusan Manajemen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los Angeles architectural iconoclast Hernán Díaz Alonso, director of SCIArc and founder of HDA‐X, conceives of the architectural profession as needing to constantly push the boundaries of form and space. It should forever be re‐examining and disrupting itself. Here he uses the shoe industry as a microcosm for this process of re‐evaluation and conceptual crossover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 1729 ad, the city of Shahjahanabad (Mughal Delhi) was brought to a standstill following a conflict between shoe sellers and state officials. The conflict led to a violent showdown during the Friday congregational prayer in the central mosque of the city (Jami Masjid). The shoe sellers' riot exposed fissures based on religion, class and politics and posed a challenge to the authority of the Mughal state during the twilight of the Empire. The article is a study of the riot and the riot narratives preserved in three unpublished contemporary works. Together with a discussion of the Ahmedabad riot of 1714 ad, the article examines the nature of conflicts involving civilian population in the cities of Mughal India in the early eighteenth century and the response of political and religious authorities. An important aspect of the incidents studied in the article is the role of religion in organizing group violence even when the cause of the conflict was not necessarily religious. Conversely, cross-community support arising from patronage, class and notions of pride and honour demonstrated that religion was one among many possible forms of identity in Mughal India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper talks about the factors that affect the brand image of a company with a special focus on the role played by brand logos. The paper has revealed brand personalities of individual colours and has identified the impact that these colours have on brand image. The objective of this research paper was to collect data that could help marketers and logo designers understand how the potential customers of a firm pursue that particular brand based on the brand logo. It throws light on the link between colours of a brand logo in the sports shoe industry and the brand image formed by the use of a particular colour. It aims to help brand managers form an appropriated brand personality that can attract the subconscious mind of the target market, and fulfils their social and psychological needs. It discusses how customers relate their personalities with the brand personality that is developed from brand image. The data was collected from youngsters who play sports, or who are a connoisseur of sports, located in different parts of India. Percentage analysis technique has been used to analyse the data. The study has concluded that brand image is heavily impacted by brand name, the tagline, and the colour and shape of the brand logo. The study has resulted in the formation of a ready-to-use database that contains information about brand personality portrayed by individual colours, with respect to the sports shoe industry, which can help the brands during the designing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoemaking in Carcar City, Cebu is an integral part of the locals' identity as it has been dubbed as the shoemaking capital of Cebu province and the southern Philippines for decades. More than a source of livelihood, it is a tradition that has been passed down for generations. This paper describes the current situation of the shoemaking industry in Carcar. Particularly, it looks into the shoemakers' narratives and the locals' stories or opinions about the business and why it is becoming less popular as a means of livelihood. Through these, the paper explores the factors that have led to the decline of the industry and whether knowledge and skills in shoemaking are still being passed on to the younger generation. Qualitative research methods were employed namely, participant observation and semi-structured interviews with a total of thirteen key informants. Findings showed that the changes in the country's trading policies, favoring trade liberalization, have caused the decline of the local shoe industry as it has paved the way for the unabated entries of imported shoes. Many micro, cottage, or small-scale manufacturing businesses have closed, and only a few independent players are left to compete in the domestic market. The economic changes in the community have led to changes in some socio-cultural practices, changes that are unfavorable for the local shoe industry. With the younger generation showing little interest in learning the craft of shoemaking, this tradition and its socio-cultural practices are on the brink of extinction; thus, the need for interventions and support to revitalize and strengthen the local shoe industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the shoes industry, benzene constitute as one of the source of chemical hazard especially used in the gluing section. This compound is metabolized by the liver, forming free radicals in the body which can ultimately reduce the concentration of glutathione and increased malondialdehyde causing DNA degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between benzene concentration, excess cancer risk (ECR), malondialdehyde, glutathione, and DNA degeneration among workers in shoes industry in Osowilangun, Surabaya. This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The number of research samples was 25 respondents. The average concentration of benzene in workers was above the threshold (10.31 ppm). There were 15 (60%) respondents with ECR >0.0001 who experienced DNA degeneration. There was no relationship between benzene concentration, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and DNA degeneration. However, there was a relationship between benzene ECR, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and DNA degeneration in the shoe industry workers in Osowilangun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shoe industry in its operational activities is very dependent on the quality of the material, one of which is glue containing benzene, the industrial workers have a risk of exposure to benzene. The purpose of this study was to determine the safe concentration of benzene in the leather shoe industry in the small industrial village of Pulogadung, Jakarta. This research is descriptive research. The population in this study were shoe workers who worked on the installation of solee 1 and solee 2, which amounted to 16 people. The results of the study were quantitatively analyzed to determine the safe concentration of benzene for workers obtained from data on benzene concentrations in the workplace, worker height, worker weight, rats' weight, worker respiration rate, length of work, worker body surface area, surface area mice body, highest dose of toxin without effect on experimental animals (NOAEL), Km factor in animals (Animal Km), factor Km in workers (Human Km), and safe limit for toxin dose for workers (RfC). The measurement results of the concentration of benzene in the sole 1 section were 0.19 ppm and in the sole 2 part was 0.06 ppm, which means that the concentration of benzene is still below the Threshold Value according to Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 13 of 2011 at 0.5 ppm. Based on the calculations that have been done, the safe limit value is 0.021 ppm. Based on the minimum risk level (MRL), the concentration of benzene every day that can cause acute effects is 0.009 ppm and that can cause chronic effects is 0.003 ppm. From these standards, it can be seen that the concentration of benzene in the leather shoe industry has the potential to have an impact on the health of workers. Control measures are needed to see potential health problems that workers can experience because of the benzene. Recommendations to the leather shoe industry are to periodically monitor benzene levels in the air, conduct health checks on workers, and use personal protective equipment on workers such as masks to reduce levels of inhaled benzene into workers' bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the contribution of shoe industry for Indonesia economic growth most of the entrepreneur has a problem to scale up their business. Intense competition becomes one of the reasons. In order to capture the current market, a company should concern to determine consumer purchase intention. However, customers purchase intention is a complex process. It is known that customers' perceived quality, price perception, and brand image are factors that influence the purchasing intention of the product. The absence of owner knowledge in customer perception toward the brand indicates to cause the low of customer intention to buy the product. For this reason, the researcher interest to do research about the relationship between customer perception and purchasing intention. This study aims to discuss the effects of customers' perceived quality, price perception, and brand image on purchase intentions toward shoe brand in Bandung, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. This research using descriptive analytics and multiple linear regression to analyze the data collected. The research using non-probability sampling data collection technique with female respondents domiciled in Bandung, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. The results of this study show that customers' perceived quality, price perception, and brand image has a significant result on purchase intentions in the shoe brand. Furthermore, based on the results of this paper the researcher gives advice for the reference of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to evaluate the influence of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) compatibilizer in the polystyrene blends properties with a recycled styrene–butadiene rubber compound. The SBS content was 5, 7.5, and 10%. Commercial high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was used for comparison. The results indicated that the viscosity of the blends was higher than that of HIPS. The blends compatibilized with 5 and 7.5% had the same level of impact strength as HIPS, while the one with 10% obtained a gain of 80% in relation to HIPS. The flexural strength, hardness, heat deflection temperature, and Vicat softening temperature properties were similar to those of HIPS, which was attributed to the presence of inorganic fillers, minimizing losses in these properties. By atomic force microscopy, two distinct phases were observed, and in the morphology analyzed through scanning electron microscopy, a typical characteristic of immiscible blends was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to reconstruct the condition of Jewish crafts in Lublin in the 1930s after the new legal regulations for industry were introduced in 1927 (“The act on industry law”). Crafts in Lublin in this period were ethnically strongly polarized between the two groups. Jews owned 60 percent of all the workshops in the city, while Poles held the rest of the crafts and services. Jewish craftsmen dominated mainly in textile (tailoring) and leather (shoemaking) industries and services like hairdressing or photography. The article focuses primarily on quantitative and statistic aspects of the discussed topic. Jewish craft organizations (craft guilds), supporting institutions (credit institutions for craftsmen) and Jewish personnel of the Lublin Chamber of Crafts are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is an intense competition among brands in the sports shoe industry. The established and new brands that try to dominate the market, especially the young generation, are competing. Afterwards, new brands entered the market, which was established by well-established brands such as Adidas and Nike. New Balance brand is the most preferred brand among them. Therefore, it is the main objective to maintain and increase its share by gaining competitive advantage for all brands. Therefore, it is the main objective to maintain and increase its share by gaining competitive advantage for all brands. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships among the brand loyalty antecedents of the consumers who prefer Adidas, Nike and New Balance sports shoes brands and to propose strategies for the companies in the sports shoe sector according to the results obtained. The universe of the research consists of the consumers who live in the city center of Bursa and use sports shoes. The data of the study were collected between March and September 2018.Convenience sampling method was used for collecting the data. A total of 377 questionnaires were obtained The scale of the study was adapted from Karjaluoto et al. (2016), Ünal and Aydın (2013) and Taşkın (2014). According to the results; it was found that the image and trust created by the New Balance brand in the consumer affects the love of the consumer brand more than other brands. When the effects of word of mouth communication and brand love on brand loyalty are examined on the basis of brand preferences; it w as found that t he i nfluence of word of mouth communication and brand love on brand loyalty was more for New Balance brand than other brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In customized markets, a large variety of product models is demanded by customers. That requires fast set-up of production resources to comply with specifications of the next model to be produced. Such compliance, however, may cause considerable production and quality losses owing to workers' poor performance during the initial production runs of a new model. Therefore, modelling workers' learning upon exposure to each product model may help production managers to define the best assignment scheme for models and workers, such that losses in the initial stages of production are minimized. The current paper presents a method that uses learning curves to guide the best assignment of product models to teams of workers. Product models are first clustered into families based on their similarities, aiming at a smaller data collection to generate the learning curves. Allocation of product families to teams is then carried out, based on the analysis of their corresponding learning curves. Two courses of action are proposed for this, depending on whether the production batch will lead to longer or shorter production runs. The proposed methodology is illustrated in a case study from the shoe manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputes regarding the ethics of work by children have intensified in recent years, with little resolution. The impasses stem from failure to recognize the diverse forms of child work and a lack of empirical research regarding its causes and consequences. We report on data gathered in Brazil's export-oriented shoe industry, which is notorious for the employment of children. Central findings are: 1) the causes of child work have less to do with backwardness and more to do with how shoe workers are integrated into the global order; 2) local employers and children regard this work as benign, but the U.S. government sees it as hazardous to children and unfair to U.S. producers; 3) efforts to remove children from the shoe industry have been frustrated by local resistance and raise ethical questions; and 4) in certain circumstances, efforts to eliminate hazards from the workplace are morally superior to campaigns to remove child workers from employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a procedure for designing footwear production plants with a Decision Support System combined with an expert system and a simulation approach. The footwear industry has many operations and is labour intensive. Optimisation of plant layout, machinery, and human resources is very important to design the footwear manufacturing system, making adequate investment in space and equipment. In the industry it is essential to reduce the process time, so the research is based on a Decision Support System combined with an expert system and simulation to improve the design of the manufacturing plan. This work contains two case studies, direct injection manufacturing and assembly and carburising methods, which are compared to analyse all the necessary resources to have the best cost–benefit ratio. In each case, a precise knowledge of the type and quantity of machinery and human resources is needed to estimate the production. This comparison has been done through simulations and using a knowledge base of an expert system. The conclusions are presented in which an improvement in production time is obtained by applying the methodology developed in the study.

The question of “why do some family enterprises survive into successive generations, while other succumb to contextual constraints?” elicited different responses. Explanations vary from that it might be inherent to the industry, or the structure of the firm, or simply market opportunism. In seeking a deeper insight on the impact of industry or structural constraints in the general area of family businesses, this article considers the local South African shoe industry. The article reflects on the history of footwear manufacture in South Africa; how it started and grew from cottage industries to a more main stream, modern manufacturing industry. The article attempts to place this industry and its development in a broader current context by considering the impact of exogenous factors, namely globalisation and cheap shoe imports from the East on the South African footwear industry. To investigate the impact of the aforementioned constraints, the article discusses the birth and growth of two footwear manufacturing family businesses – one operating in Stellenbosch in the Western Cape Province, the other one in Kwazulu-Natal Province – and considers the divergent development trajectories, different styles of management and subsequently, the completely different outcomes of these footwear manufacturing family enterprises.

In this paper the authors describe the creation of new material packages based on bamboo textile materials for upper shoe material. These packages were made up of three layers: an inner layer in the foot skin neighbourhood, outer layer - which contacted with the surrounding environment, and a medium layer - polyurethane foam of a thickness of 2 mm. Experimetal tests consisted in the measurement of hygienic parameters (water vapour absorption and permeability) and some mechanical indicators important from the user's point of view, like the elongation property and maximum force at break. The packages based on bamboo materials were compared with a standard composition: cotton - polyurethane foam - cotton. The results obtained showed, that in a lot of cases, the use of bamboo materials as lining or an outer layer is a good possibility to improve the hygienic and mechanical properties of newly formed material compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses controversy of under-the-table payments by shoe companies to young basketball players and their families to illustrate the Coase Theorem in the U.S. Topics include how shoe companies compete to obtain endorsements from star athletes by massive subsidies to youth basketball teams; collective bargaining agreement between the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Basketball Players Association; and increased payments to NBA clubs for official sponsorships.

Menstrual disorders is an important indicator to shows the function of the reproductive system disorders. Menstrual disorders may be associated with an increased risk of various diseases such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, infertility and diabetes mellitus. Menstrual disorders is caused by various factors. This study was conducted to analyze the risk of menstrual disorders in women workers in the area of Finishing Factory 1, Shoes Industry, Sidoarjo. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Samples were 199 respondents taken from 396 populations that calculated with proportional random sampling with proportion based on work shift (Shift A: 68 workers, Shift B: 65 workers, Shift C: 66 workers). The sample exclusion criteria for this study was pregnant. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square Test and Binary Logistic Regression. There were relationship between nutritional status, age of menarche, usage of contraception, type of contraception and duration of usage contraception with menstrual disorders. Variabel such as job stress was not related with menstrual disorders. The risk factors of menstrual disorders were progestin type contraception (risk: 5.2 times), duration of contraception usage for 12-24 monts (risk: 4.5 times), abnormal nutritional status (risk: 3.8 times),contraception usage (risk: 2.8 times) and abnormal in age at menarche (risk: 1.8 times). Based on overall test, nutritional status, age of menarche, usage of contraception, type of contraception and duration of contraception usage) together affects the occurrence of menstrual disorders but based on partial test, factors of nutritional status, age of menarche, type of contraception and duration of contraception usage were not partialy affects the occurrence of menstrual disorders. Menstrual disorders could occured due to the independent factors that affected together, not partially. It is recommended for women workers at Shoes Industry, Sidoarjo should drink more water, consume foods high in calcium, fruits and vegetables and choose contraceptives which cause menstrual disorders such as non hormonal contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This research aimed at producing malleable, breathable and water impermeable bacterial cellulose‐based nanocomposites, by impregnating bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes with two commercial hydrophobic polymers used in textile finishing, Persoftal MS (polydimethylsiloxane) and Baygard EFN (perfluorocarbon), by an exhaustion process. These hydrophobic products penetrated the BC membranes and adsorbed tightly onto the surface of the nanofibres, across the entire depth of the material, as demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy studies. The water static contact angles, drop absorption over time and vapour permeability values showed that the composites were impermeable to liquid water but permeable to water vapour. The mechanical properties of the BC‐nanocomposites were improved after incorporation of the hydrophobic products, in some of the formulations tested, overall presenting a satisfactory performance. Thus, through a simple and cost‐effective process, hydrophobized, robust, malleable and breathable nanocomposites based on BC were obtained, featuring promising properties for application in the textile and shoe industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the three-dimensional foot shape data and determine foot type's distribution among Chinese children and adolescents. A total of sixteen three-dimensional foot shape variables of 5,069 Chinese children were measured through filming, including 3 girth-related variables, 3 length-related variables, 2 width-related variables, and 8 height-related variables. Cluster analysis was performed to classify these three-dimensional feet data of Chinese children and adolescents into three identified foot types, namely Robust Feet, Slender Feet, and Flat Feet, which differed in terms of length, volume, and arch height. The distribution of the three foot types varied across the different foot length groups. The foot types classification may be used in the design of shoe lasts and in the comfortable footwear manufacturing to minimize error fitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on fieldwork investigations of shoe manufacturers in southeastern China, this article provides empirical evidence for understanding these businesses' taxpaying practices. We find that since business taxpayers largely regard tax law as illegitimate, instrumental considerations dominate these taxpayers' decisions to pay or not pay taxes. We then incorporate "structural opportunities for evasion" and "perceived costs of evasion" to develop a two‐by‐two matrix to understand the following types of behavior: aggressive evasion, obliged compliance, strategic compliance, and reciprocal compliance. We argue that this matrix explains why value added tax fraud is widespread in China while voluntary compliance is rare. It also helps to illuminate compliance more generally in developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The footwear has an important role in human life from the past to the present due to its ability to protect the human foot and provide comfortable walking. In time, different nations have created their own national shoes, and these national shoes have varied and changed in accordance with the relevant climate and geographic conditions. In the Bulgarian people, the production of its own shoes has gained momentum since the 17th century. Footwear industry in Bulgaria was been formed as sector and good developed due to time of national government from 1947-1980 years. Then after the revolution in 1990 year the factories were privatized. The aim of this study is to investigate the structure of shoes designed in Bulgarian geography in terms of aesthetics and comfort in the historical process and the status of the shoe industry since 2000s to the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the career of June Marion Swann and her vital role she has played in its scholarship wherein she was given special responsibility for the shoe collection in 1955. She influenced and established several working practices and the recording of information in relation to the shoe collection and other items that remain in place throughout her career as Keeper of the Boot and Shoe Collection.

Home workers at the shoe industry in Semarang Regency mostly suffer from callus (84.8%), stiff shoulder (75.8%), and headache (72.2%). This study aims to analyze the physical environment of the house as a workplace with a work-related complaint on the shoe industry workers in Semarang regency. It was an observational research with cross sectional approach. The population were all the workers in the shoe industry, Semarang Regency. The Sample for the research 66 workers taken by proportional random sampling method. Data analysis used distribution frequency, Chi-Square test and logistic regression. The results showed that there were several physical environment variables of the house that have relation with the complaints due to work with the value of p ≤ 0.05 such as light intensity, house ventilation, and house temperature. Multivariate analysis showed work-related complaints were influenced by variables of lighting, temperature and ventilation jointly by 93.5% and the rest influenced by other factors. The conclusion of this study was the importance of maintaining the quality of the physical environment of the house as a workplace because it can affect the complaints due to work. Shoe industry home workers should pay attention to the intensity of light, ventilation, and the temperature of the house as a place of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of e-commerce and the emergence of virtual enterprises have led to the possibility of transforming traditional businesses into virtual enterprises for which the IT system no longer constitutes a complementary element, but even the foundation of the organizational structure. According to the concept of marketing, the most important stakeholders in an organization are customers. A questionnaire was developed to carry out the case study. It wants to identify whether the population purchases online products and whether they are willing to buy online footwear from the Republic of Moldova. To conduct the survey, the specialized website www.isondaje.ro was accessed. The survey was conducted nationwide, and the data collection method applied is on-line. The study was conducted on a sample of 60 people, of which 75% were feminine and 25% male, aged 15-53 and living in rura and urban. It is certain that the data obtained identified that respondents were actively involved in e-commerce. The advantage of this finding may also be an opportunity for the native shoe manufacturer, which is based on an intelligent approach to sales strategies and the development of distribution channels, as the market share to which it should tend to not be the maximum but the optimal one. The direction of the domestic shoe manufacturer's e-commerce must motivate the management of the enterprise to marketing and innovation, to change, where the client-producer relationship is not just a fictitious image but also a surplus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant number of shoes and shoe parts were recovered during the Illinois State Archaeological Survey's excavations in East St. Louis for the Illinois Department of Transportation as part of the New Mississippi River Bridge Project (NMRB). The breadth and range of shoe styles in the NMRB collection are indicative of identity, gender, and occupation, as well as local consumption patterns. These topics are illuminated by examining construction methods (soles), style (uppers), and shoe size. This article explores the different types of styles and constructions represented in the NMRB shoe assemblage. One household lot--125 St. Clair Avenue—produced an exceptionally comprehensive sample that contains nearly all shoe-construction types present in the wider assemblage. This sample is discussed in light of developments in the shoe industry, the repair and maintenance of shoes, and the age and gender of the occupants at 125 St. Clair Avenue. Preferences for shoe style and particular shoe-construction types are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of "why do some family enterprises survive into successive generations, while other succumb to contextual constraints?" elicited different responses. Explanations vary from that it might be inherent to the industry, or the structure of the firm, or simply market opportunism. In seeking a deeper insight on the impact of industry or structural constraints in the general area of family businesses, this article considers the local South African shoe industry. The article reflects on the history of footwear manufacture in South Africa; how it started and grew from cottage industries to a more main stream, modern manufacturing industry. The article attempts to place this industry and its development in a broader current context by considering the impact of exogenous factors, namely globalisation and cheap shoe imports from the East on the South African footwear industry. To investigate the impact of the afore mentioned constraints, the article discusses the birth and growth of two footwear manufacturing family businesses - one operating in Stellenbosch in the Western Cape Province, the other one in Kwazulu-Natal Province - and considers the divergent development trajectories, different styles of management and subsequently, the completely different outcomes of these footwear manufacturing family enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]