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143 results on '"Shin, Seunghwan"'

101. RF Accelerating Voltage of PLS-II Superconducting RF System for Stable Top-up Operation with Beam Current of 400 mA

Author

Joo, Youngdo, Chun, Myung-Hwan, Ha, Taekyun, Hwang, Ilmoon, Lee, Byung-Joon, Park, In Soo, Shin, Seunghwan, Sohn, Younguk, and Yu, In-Ha

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, 7: Accelerator Technology, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

During the beam store test up to 400 mA in the storage ring, it was observed that the vacuum pressure around the RF window of the superconducting cavity rapidly increases over the interlock level limiting the availability of the maximum beam current storing. We investigated the cause of the window vacuum pressure increment by studying the changes in the electric field distribution at the superconducting cavity and waveguide according to the beam current. An equivalent physical modeling was developed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and it revealed that the electric field amplitude at the RF window is exponentially increased as the beam current increases, thus this high electric field amplitude causes a RF breakdown at the RF window., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Published
2015
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102. 400 mA Beam Store with Superconducting RF Cavities at PLS-II

Author

Sohn, Younguk, Chun, Myung-Hwan, Ha, Taekyun, Hong, Mansu, Joo, Youngdo, Kang, Heung-Sik, Kim, Hyung-Gyun, Kim, Kyung, Lee, Tae-Yeon, Park, Chong-Do, Park, Hong-Jib, Park, In Soo, Shin, Seunghwan, Yu, In-Ha, and Yun, Jong Cheol

Subjects
7: Accelerator Technology, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Three superconducting RF cavities were commissioned with electron beam in way of one by one during the last 3 years, and now PLS-II is in user service on the way of beam current to 400mA, the target of PLS-II. The cavities and cryomodules were prepared with SRF standard technology and procedures, then vertical test, windows conditioning, cryogenic test in each cryomodule, horizontal power test, conditioning, and commissioning without and with beam at PLS-II tunnel by collaboration with industries. All the cavities showed stable performances as good as not-observing any RF instability from cavities, couplers and windows up to 400 mA beam store, but observing several cavity quenches and minor vacuum bursts by abrupt power with control and human errors. The initial beam current for user run were recorded as 150 mA with one cavity, 280 mA with two cavities and 320 mA with three cavities. The 400 mA beam was also achieved with two cavities by decay mode and also with three cavities by top-up mode. The stabilities of RF amplitude and phase are good enough not to induce beam instabilities., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Published
2015
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103. Survey of Commissioning of Recent Storage Ring Light Sources

Author

Borland, Michael, Bartolini, Riccardo, Dallin, Les, Kuske, Peter, Martin, Ian, Müller, Roland, Nadolski, Laurent, Pérez, Francis, Safranek, James, Shin, Seunghwan, and Zhentang, Zhao

Subjects
2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Advanced Photon Source and other existing storage ring light sources are contemplating replacing an existing, operating storage ring with a multi-bend achromat lattice. One issue is that existing light sources have large user communities who are greatly inconvenienced by extended shutdowns. Hence, there will be a premium placed on rapid commissioning of the new lattice. To better understand the possibilities, we undertook a survey of recent commissioning experience at third-generation light sources. We present a summary of that survey here., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Published
2015
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105. Coupling Diagnostics and Control at PLS Storage Ring

Author

Hwang, Ilmoon, Hou, Jie, Kim, Changbum, Kim, Kyung, Kim, Mungyung, Liu, Guimin, Nam, Sang, Park, Sung-Ju, and Shin, Seunghwan

Subjects
05 Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields, Physics::Accelerator Physics, D01 Beam Optics - Lattices, Correction Schemes, Transport, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The measurement and the control of the coupling is essential to maximize synchrotron performance. Small coupling is required for small vertical size and high brightness. The Pohang Light Source has a 2.5 GeV storage ring and its coupling constant is measured as about 1%. In addition to errors at quadrupole or sextupole, the condition varying of the insertion device affects the coupling. The coupling for various condition is measured by the resonance and the response matrix and compared with the beam size and the lifetime. The correction and the control of the coupling is presented., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

Published
2010
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106. Cavity Beam Position Monitor System for ATF2

Author

Boogert, Stewart, Ainsworth, Robert, Aryshev, Alexander, Boorman, Gary, Frisch, Josef, Heo, Ae-Young, Honda, Yosuke, Kim, Eun-San, Kim, Hyoung-Suk, Kim, YoungIm, Lyapin, Alexey, May, Justin, McCormick, Douglas, Molloy, Stephen, Nelson, Janice, Park, HyangKyu, Ross, Marc, Shin, Seunghwan, Smith, Tonee, Swinson, Christina, Tauchi, Toshiaki, Terunuma, Nobuhiro, Urakawa, Junji, White, Glen, and Woodley, Mark

Subjects
06 Beam Instrumentation and Feedback, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, T03 Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) in KEK, Japan, is a prototype scaled demonstrator system for the final focus required for a lepton linear collider. The ATF2 beam-line is instrumented with a total of 38 C and S band resonant cavity beam position monitors (BPM) with associated mixer electronics and digitizers. The current status of the BPM system is described, with a focus on operational techniques and performance., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

Published
2010
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109. Predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on pathologic complete response (pCR) in microsatellite-stable (MSS) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Author

Imai, Mitsuho, Bando, Hideaki, Tsukada, Yuichiro, Kato, Takeshi, Komatsu, Yoshito, Uemura, Mamoru, Yuki, Satoshi, Taketomi, Akinobu, Fujisawa, Takao, Nakamura, Yoshiaki, Kojima, Motohiro, Koyama, Shohei, Oum, Chiyoon, Shin, Seunghwan, Ock, Chan-Young, Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi, Ito, Masaaki, and Yoshino, Takayuki

Published
2023
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119. Multicenter, Prospective Study of Tacrolimus Plus Methotrexate As Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in HLA-Matched Sibling Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Comparison with Cyclosporine Group As Control

Author

Shin, SeungHwan, primary, Yoon, JaeHo, additional, Yahng, SeungAh, additional, Lee, SungEun, additional, Cho, ByungSik, additional, Eom, KiSung, additional, Kim, YooJin, additional, Lee, Seok, additional, Min, ChangKi, additional, Kim, HeeJe, additional, Cho, SeokGoo, additional, Kim, DongWook, additional, Min, WooSung, additional, Park, ChongWon, additional, and Lee, JongWook, additional

Published
2012
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120. Influence of recipient's Age On the Outcome of HLA-Matched Sibling Transplants in Adult Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia Who Conditioned with Fludarabine-Based Regimen

Author

Shin, SeungHwan, primary, Yoon, JaeHo, additional, Yahng, SeungAh, additional, Lee, SungEun, additional, Cho, ByungSik, additional, Eom, KiSung, additional, Kim, YooJin, additional, Lee, Seok, additional, Min, ChangKi, additional, Kim, Heeje, additional, Cho, SeokGoo, additional, Kim, DongWook, additional, Min, WooSung, additional, Park, ChongWon, additional, and Lee, JongWook, additional

Published
2012
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125. Polygala tenuifolia prevents anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to repeated restraint stress.

Author

Lee, Bombi, Sur, Bongjun, Shin, Seunghwan, Baik, Jung Eui, Shim, Insop, Lee, Hyejung, and Hahm, Dae-Hyun

Subjects
ANXIETY disorders, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, LABORATORY mice, GENE expression, HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain)
Abstract

The pathophysiology underlying anxiety disorders involves stress and associated increases in glucocorticoid levels in the blood. The present study investigated the effects of the administration of the crude extract ofPolygala tenuifolia(EPT) on repeated restraint stress–induced anxiety-like behavioral responses in mice. Additionally, possible changes in the central noradrenergic and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–signaling systems were assessed in the hippocampus of these mice. For 14 consecutive days, mice were orally administrated EPT (50 or 250 mg/kg) 30 min prior to the restraint stress procedure (2 h/day). Dysregulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to the repeated restraint stress was confirmed by measuring serum levels of corticosterone and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor in the hypothalamus. Compared with control subjects, the daily administration of higher doses of EPT (250 mg/kg) increased open-arm exploration in an elevated plus maze and the total number of line crossings in an open-field test. EPT also reversed the increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus and the decreased expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus. Together, these findings demonstrate that the administration of EPT prior to repeated restraint stress significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. These changes were associated with a modification of the central noradrenergic system and the upregulation of BDNF expression, which in turn attenuated activity in the HPA axis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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126. P-190L: Late-News Poster: Low Frequency Driving Display to Reduce Logic Power in Liquid Crystal Display.

Author

Oh, DaeSeok, Sang, WooKyu, Park, YongHwa, Chung, MoonSoo, Shin, SeungHwan, Kim, KyuJin, Kim, TaeHun, Lee, JuYoung, Jun, MyungChul, and Kang, InByeong

Subjects
LIQUID crystal displays, FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems, COMPETITIVE advantage in business, ENERGY consumption, FLICKER films
Abstract

In the flat panel display market, as part of a differentiated competitive advantage in terms of power consumption, in order to gain a competitive edge Logic Power reduction will be addressed. This paper describes a method for reducing the current of SD-IC. The driving frequency is changed according to image. System is recognized as the frame of a still image without changing the data. If a still image, the driving frequency decreases to reduce the power consumption. If a still image, the Flicker in main issue of the existing low-speed driven is reduced, and logic power consumption is reduced. In this paper, interlace of Low Frequency has improved flicker level and lower power consumption and SD-IC thermal improvements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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127. Shear-Banding In Entangled Polymer Solutions Under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear: A Confocal Rheometry Study

Author

Shin, Seunghwan

Subjects
confocal microscopy, non-linear flow, polymer, rheology, shear-banding
Abstract

We use a large aspect-ratio, planar-Couette shear cell to explore the flow properties of entangled polymer solutions, with a special focus on a long-standing problem of shear-banding in polymer solutions/melts. We first analyze the velocity profiles of entangled DNA solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) inside the shear cell. We vary a gap between the shearing plates and Weissenberg number ($\mathrm{Wi}$) to construct phase diagrams quantifying the degree of wall-slip and shear-banding at different conditions. We observe transitions from normal linear shear profiles to wall-slip dominant and finally to shear-banding profiles with increasing $\mathrm{Wi}$. We further explore the dynamics of micron-sized tracer particles embedded in the solutions to study the microscopic origin of the shear-banding. Tracer particles in the shear frame exhibit transient super-diffusivity and strong dynamic heterogeneity localized in the high-shear-rate band. The probability distribution functions of particle displacements follow a power-law scaling at large displacements, indicating a L\'{e}vy-walk-type motion, reminiscent of tracer dynamics in entangled wormlike micelle solutions and sheared colloidal glasses. We further characterize the length and time scales of the abnormal dynamics of tracer particles. Based on them, we hypothesize that the unusual particle dynamics arise from localized shear-induced chain disentanglement. Next, we experimentally investigate a penetration of edge-induced disturbances and its influence on shear-banding flows. Edge instabilities have been pointed out as one of the possible experimental artifacts leading to apparently heterogeneous shear profiles. Simulations suggested even a mild edge disturbance can penetrate deeply along a vorticity direction to cause apparent gradient-banding of a velocity profile, potentially misleading experimentalists. We measure velocity profiles at different locations to reveal penetrating behavior of edge disturbances and test authenticity of the observed shear-banding flows. Under a weak oscillatory shear ($\mathrm{Wi} < 1$) where DNA solutions display a linear shear profile with wall slip, the penetration depth of the edge disturbance was on the order of the gap thickness , similar to a behavior in Newtonian fluids. Under a strong shear ($\mathrm{Wi} > 1$) where shear-banding flows are developed, the penetration depth was estimated as 20 $H$ along the flow direction while it was still on the order of the gap thickness along the vorticity direction. Furthermore, we find that the shear-banding profiles persist deep inside the sheared fluid, where the influence of edge disturbances diminishes. Our findings suggest a long penetration of the edge disturbance and also demonstrates the authentic nature of the observed shear-banding polymers. Shear-induced microscopic conformational change of individual polymer chains that trigger shear banding still remains an open question. To attain information about chain-end distributions and its dynamics, we synthesize dumbbells consisting of two spherical colloidal tracer particles connected by $\lambda$-DNA linkers and track their 2D-projected configurations and motions in the two shear-bands. We observe preferable alignment along the flow direction, enhanced translation/rotation in the high-shear-rate band. Coupling between translational/rotational dynamics and stronger correlation between chain extension and translation are also found in the high-shear-rate band. We hypothesize a formation of the localized low viscosity zones which allow the enhanced dynamics and chain extension in the high-shear-rate band.

Published
2020

128. ILC Reference Design Report Volume 3 - Accelerator

Author

Phinney, Nan, Toge, Nobukazu, Walker, Nicholas J., Aarons, Gerald, Abe, Toshinori, Abernathy, Jason, Ablikim, Medina, Abramowicz, Halina, Adey, David, Adloff, Catherine, Adolphsen, Chris, Afanaciev, Konstantin, Agapov, Ilya, Ahn, Jung-Keun, Aihara, Hiroaki, Akemoto, Mitsuo, Del Carmen Alabau, Maria, Albert, Justin, Albrecht, Hartwig, Albrecht, Michael, Alesini, David, Alexander, Gideon, Alexander, Jim, Allison, Wade, Amann, John, Amirikas, Ramila, An, Qi, Anami, Shozo, Ananthanarayan, B., Anderson, Terry, Andricek, Ladislav, Anduze, Marc, Anerella, Michael, Anfimov, Nikolai, Angal-Kalinin, Deepa, Antipov, Sergei, Antoine, Claire, Aoki, Mayumi, Aoza, Atsushi, Aplin, Steve, Appleby, Rob, Arai, Yasuo, Araki, Sakae, Arkan, Tug, Arnold, Ned, Arnold, Ray, Arnowitt, Richard, Artru, Xavier, Arya, Kunal, Aryshev, Alexander, Asakawa, Eri, Asiri, Fred, Asner, David, Atac, Muzaffer, Atoian, Grigor, Attié, David, Augustin, Jean-Eudes, Augustine, David B., Ayres, Bradley, Aziz, Tariq, Baars, Derek, Badaud, Frederique, Baddams, Nigel, Bagger, Jonathan, Bai, Sha, Bailey, David, Bailey, Ian R., Baker, David, Balalykin, Nikolai I., Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Baldy, Jean-Luc, Ball, Markus, Ball, Maurice, Ballestrero, Alessandro, Ballin, Jamie, Baltay, Charles, Bambade, Philip, Ban, Syuichi, Band, Henry, Bane, Karl, Banerjee, Bakul, Barbanotti, Serena, Barbareschi, Daniele, Barbaro-Galtieri, Angela, Barber, Desmond P., Barbi, Mauricio, Bardin, Dmitri Y., Barish, Barry, Barklow, Timothy L., Barlow, Roger, Barnes, Virgil E., Barone, Maura, Bartels, Christoph, Bartsch, Valeria, Basu, Rahul, Battaglia, Marco, Batygin, Yuri, Baudot, Jerome, Baur, Ulrich, Elwyn Baynham, D., Beard, Carl, Bebek, Chris, Bechtle, Philip, Becker, Ulrich J., Bedeschi, Franco, Bedjidian, Marc, Behera, Prafulla, Behnke, Ties, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellerive, Alain, Bellomo, Paul, Bentson, Lynn D., Benyamna, Mustapha, Bergauer, Thomas, Berger, Edmond, Bergholz, Matthias, Beri, Suman, Berndt, Martin, Bernreuther, Werner, Bertolini, Alessandro, Besancon, Marc, Besson, Auguste, Beteille, Andre, Bettoni, Simona, Beyer, Michael, Bhandari, R. K., Bharadwaj, Vinod, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Bhattacharya, Satyaki, Bhattacharyya, Gautam, Bhattacherjee, Biplob, Bhuyan, Ruchika, Bi, Xiao-Jun, Biagini, Marica, Bialowons, Wilhelm, Biebel, Otmar, Bieler, Thomas, Bierwagen, John, Birch, Alison, Bisset, Mike, Biswal, S. S., Blackmore, Victoria, Blair, Grahame, Blanchard, Guillaume, Blazey, Gerald, Blue, Andrew, Blümlein, Johannes, Boffo, Christian, Bohn, Courtlandt, Boiko, V. I., Boisvert, Veronique, Bondarchuk, Eduard N., Boni, Roberto, Bonvicini, Giovanni, Boogert, Stewart, Boonekamp, Maarten, Boorman, Gary, Borras, Kerstin, Bortoletto, Daniela, Bosco, Alessio, Bosio, Carlo, Bosland, Pierre, Bosotti, Angelo, Boudry, Vincent, Boumediene, Djamel-Eddine, Bouquet, Bernard, Bourov, Serguei, Bowden, Gordon, Bower, Gary, Boyarski, Adam, Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Ivanka, Bozzi, Concezio, Brachmann, Axel, Bradshaw, Tom W., Brandt, Andrew, Brasser, Hans Peter, Brau, Benjamin, Brau, James E., Breidenbach, Martin, Bricker, Steve, Brient, Jean-Claude, Brock, Ian, Brodsky, Stanley, Brooksby, Craig, Broome, Timothy A., Brown, David, Brownell, James H., Bruchon, Mélanie, Brueck, Heiner, Brummitt, Amanda J., Brun, Nicole, Buchholz, Peter, Budagov, Yulian A., Bulgheroni, Antonio, Bulyak, Eugene, Bungau, Adriana, Bürger, Jochen, Burke, Dan, Burkhart, Craig, Burrows, Philip, Burt, Graeme, Burton, David, Büsser, Karsten, Butler, John, Butterworth, Jonathan, Buzulutskov, Alexei, Cabruja, Enric, Caccia, Massimo, Cai, Yunhai, Calcaterra, Alessandro, Caliier, Stephane, Camporesi, Tiziano, Cao, Jun-Jie, Cao, J. S., Capatina, Ofelia, Cappellini, Chiara, Carcagno, Ruben, Carena, Marcela, Carloganu, Cristina, Carosi, Roberto, Stephen Carr, F., Carrion, Francisco, Carter, Harry F., Carter, John, Carwardine, John, Cassel, Richard, Cassell, Ronald, Cavallari, Giorgio, Cavallo, Emanuela, Cembranos, Jose A. R., Chakraborty, Dhiman, Chandez, Frederic, Charles, Matthew, Chase, Brian, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chauveau, Jacques, Chefdeville, Maximilien, Chehab, Robert, Chel, Stéphane, Chelkov, Georgy, Chen, Chiping, Chen, He Sheng, Chen, Huai Bi, Chen, Jia Er, Chen, Sen Yu, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yuan Bo, Cheng, Jian, Chevallier, M., Chi, Yun Long, Chickering, William, Cho, Gi-Chol, Cho, Moo-Hyun, Choi, Jin-Hyuk, Choi, Jong Bum, Choi, Seong Youl, Choi, Young-Il, Choudhary, Brajesh, Choudhury, Debajyoti, Rai Choudhury, S., Christian, David, Christian, Glenn, Christophe, Grojean, Chung, Jin-Hyuk, Church, Mike, Ciborowski, Jacek, Cihangir, Selcuk, Ciovati, Gianluigi, Clarke, Christine, Clarke, Don G., Clarke, James A., Clements, Elizabeth, Coca, Cornelia, Coe, Paul, Cogan, John, Colas, Paul, Collard, Caroline, Colledani, Claude, Combaret, Christophe, Comerma, Albert, Compton, Chris, Constance, Ben, Conway, John, Cook, Ed, Cooke, Peter, Cooper, William, Corcoran, Sean, Cornat, Rémi, Corner, Laura, Cortina Gil, Eduardo, Clay Corvin, W., Cotta Ramusino, Angelo, Cowan, Ray, Crawford, Curtis, Cremaldi, Lucien M., Crittenden, James A., Cussans, David, Cvach, Jaroslav, Da Silva, Wilfrid, Dabiri Khah, Hamid, Dabrowski, Anne, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Dadoun, Olivier, Dai, Jian Ping, Dainton, John, Daly, Colin, Damerell, Chris, Danilov, Mikhail, Daniluk, Witold, Daram, Sarojini, Datta, Anindya, Dauncey, Paul, David, Jacques, Davier, Michel, Davies, Ken P., Dawson, Sally, Boer, Wim, Curtis, Stefania, Groot, Nicolo, La Taille, Christophe, Lira, Antonio, Roeck, Albert, Sangro, Riccardo, Santis, Stefano, Deacon, Laurence, Deandrea, Aldo, Dehmelt, Klaus, Delagnes, Eric, Delahaye, Jean-Pierre, Delebecque, Pierre, Delerue, Nicholas, Delferriere, Olivier, Demarteau, Marcel, Deng, Zhi, Denisov, Yu N., Densham, Christopher J., Desch, Klaus, Deshpande, Nilendra, Devanz, Guillaume, Devetak, Erik, Dexter, Amos, Di Benedetto, Vito, Diéguez, Angel, Diener, Ralf, Dinh, Nguyen Dinh, Dixit, Madhu, Dixit, Sudhir, Djouadi, Abdelhak, Dolezal, Zdenek, Dollan, Ralph, Dong, Dong, Dong, Hai Yi, Dorfan, Jonathan, Dorokhov, Andrei, Doucas, George, Downing, Robert, Doyle, Eric, Doziere, Guy, Drago, Alessandro, Dragt, Alex, Drake, Gary, Drásal, Zbynek, Dreiner, Herbert, Drell, Persis, Driouichi, Chafik, Drozhdin, Alexandr, Drugakov, Vladimir, Du, Shuxian, Dugan, Gerald, Duginov, Viktor, Dulinski, Wojciech, Dulucq, Frederic, Dutta, Sukanta, Dwivedi, Jishnu, Dychkant, Alexandre, Dzahini, Daniel, Eckerlin, Guenter, Edwards, Helen, Ehrenfeld, Wolfgang, Ehrlichman, Michael, Ehrlichmann, Heiko, Eigen, Gerald, Elagin, Andrey, Elementi, Luciano, Eliasson, Peder, Ellis, John, Ellwood, George, Elsen, Eckhard, Emery, Louis, Enami, Kazuhiro, Endo, Kuninori, Enomoto, Atsushi, Eozénou, Fabien, Erbacher, Robin, Erickson, Roger, Oleg Eyser, K., Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Fang, Shou Xian, Fant, Karen, Fasso, Alberto, Faucci Giannelli, Michele, Fehlberg, John, Feld, Lutz, Feng, Jonathan L., Ferguson, John, Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos, Luis Fernandez-Hernando, J., Fiala, Pavel, Fieguth, Ted, Finch, Alexander, Finocchiaro, Giuseppe, Fischer, Peter, Fisher, Peter, Eugene Fisk, H., Fitton, Mike D., Fleck, Ivor, Fleischer, Manfred, Fleury, Julien, Flood, Kevin, Foley, Mike, Ford, Richard, Fortin, Dominique, Foster, Brian, Fourches, Nicolas, Francis, Kurt, Frey, Ariane, Frey, Raymond, Friedsam, Horst, Frisch, Josef, Frishman, Anatoli, Fuerst, Joel, Fujii, Keisuke, Fujimoto, Junpei, Fukuda, Masafumi, Fukuda, Shigeki, Funahashi, Yoshisato, Funk, Warren, Furletova, Julia, Furukawa, Kazuro, Furuta, Fumio, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Fuster, Juan, Gadow, Karsten, Gaede, Frank, Gaglione, Renaud, Gai, Wei, Gajewski, Jan, Galik, Richard, Galkin, Alexei, Galkin, Valery, Gallin-Martel, Laurent, Gannaway, Fred, Gao, Jian She, Gao, Jie, Gao, Yuanning, Garbincius, Peter, Garcia-Tabares, Luis, Garren, Lynn, Garrido, Luís, Garutti, Erika, Garvey, Terry, Garwin, Edward, Gascón, David, Gastal, Martin, Gatto, Corrado, Gatto, Raoul, Gay, Pascal, Ge, Lixin, Ge, Ming Qi, Ge, Rui, Geiser, Achim, Gellrich, Andreas, Genat, Jean-Francois, Geng, Zhe Qiao, Gentile, Simonetta, Gerbick, Scot, Gerig, Rod, Ghosh, Dilip Kumar, Ghosh, Kirtiman, Gibbons, Lawrence, Giganon, Arnaud, Gillespie, Allan, Gillman, Tony, Ginzburg, Ilya, Giomataris, Ioannis, Giunta, Michele, Gladkikh, Peter, Gluza, Janusz, Godbole, Rohini, Godfrey, Stephen, Goldhaber, Gerson, Goldstein, Joel, Gollin, George D., Gonzalez-Sanchez, Francisco Javier, Goodrick, Maurice, Gornushkin, Yuri, Gostkin, Mikhail, Gottschalk, Erik, Goudket, Philippe, Gough Eschrich, Ivo, Gournaris, Filimon, Graciani, Ricardo, Graf, Norman, Grah, Christian, Grancagnolo, Francesco, Grandjean, Damien, Grannis, Paul, Grassellino, Anna, Eugeni Graugés, Gray, Stephen, Green, Michael, Greenhalgh, Justin, Greenshaw, Timothy, Grefe, Christian, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Grenier, Gerald, Grimes, Mark, Grimm, Terry, Gris, Philippe, Grivaz, Jean-Francois, Groll, Marius, Gronberg, Jeffrey, Grondin, Denis, Groom, Donald, Gross, Eilam, Grunewald, Martin, Grupen, Claus, Grzelak, Grzegorz, Gu, Jun, Gu, Yun-Ting, Guchait, Monoranjan, Guiducci, Susanna, Guler, Ali Murat, Guler, Hayg, Gulmez, Erhan, Gunion, John, Guo, Zhi Yu, Gurtu, Atul, Ha, Huy Bang, Haas, Tobias, Haase, Andy, Haba, Naoyuki, Haber, Howard, Haensel, Stephan, Hagge, Lars, Hagura, Hiroyuki, Hajdu, Csaba, Haller, Gunther, Haller, Johannes, Hallermann, Lea, Halyo, Valerie, Hamaguchi, Koichi, Hammond, Larry, Han, Liang, Han, Tao, Hand, Louis, Handu, Virender K., Hano, Hitoshi, Hansen, Christian, Hansen, Jørn Dines, Hansen, Jorgen Beck, Hara, Kazufumi, Harder, Kristian, Hartin, Anthony, Hartung, Walter, Hast, Carsten, Hauptman, John, Hauschild, Michael, Hauviller, Claude, Havranek, Miroslav, Hawkes, Chris, Hawkings, Richard, Hayano, Hitoshi, Hazumi, Masashi, He, An, He, Hong Jian, Hearty, Christopher, Heath, Helen, Hebbeker, Thomas, Hedberg, Vincent, Hedin, David, Heifets, Samuel, Heinemeyer, Sven, Heini, Sebastien, Helebrant, Christian, Helms, Richard, Heltsley, Brian, Henrot-Versille, Sophie, Henschel, Hans, Hensel, Carsten, Hermel, Richard, Herms, Atilà, Herten, Gregor, Hesselbach, Stefan, Heuer, Rolf-Dieter, Heusch, Clemens A., Hewett, Joanne, Higashi, Norio, Higashi, Takatoshi, Higashi, Yasuo, Higo, Toshiyasu, Hildreth, Michael D., Hiller, Karlheinz, Hillert, Sonja, Hillier, Stephen James, Himel, Thomas, Himmi, Abdelkader, Hinchliffe, Ian, Hioki, Zenro, Hirano, Koichiro, Hirose, Tachishige, Hisamatsu, Hiromi, Hisano, Junji, Hlaing, Chit Thu, Hock, Kai Meng, Hoeferkamp, Martin, Hohlfeld, Mark, Honda, Yousuke, Hong, Juho, Hong, Tae Min, Honma, Hiroyuki, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horvath, Dezso, Hosoyama, Kenji, Hostachy, Jean-Yves, Hou, Mi, Hou, Wei-Shu, Howell, David, Hronek, Maxine, Hsiung, Yee B., Hu, Bo, Hu, Tao, Huang, Jung-Yun, Huang, Tong Ming, Huang, Wen Hui, Huedem, Emil, Huggard, Peter, Hugonie, Cyril, Hu-Guo, Christine, Huitu, Katri, Hwang, Youngseok, Idzik, Marek, Ignatenko, Alexandr, Ignatov, Fedor, Ikeda, Hirokazu, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Ilicheva, Tatiana, Imbault, Didier, Imhof, Andreas, Incagli, Marco, Ingbir, Ronen, Inoue, Hitoshi, Inoue, Youichi, Introzzi, Gianluca, Ioakeimidi, Katerina, Ishihara, Satoshi, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Ishikawa, Tadashi, Issakov, Vladimir, Ito, Kazutoshi, Ivanov, V. 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Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam delivery system. This report is Volume III (Accelerator) of the four volume Reference Design Report, which describes the design and cost of the ILC. The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam delivery system. This report is Volume III (Accelerator) of the four volume Reference Design Report, which describes the design and cost of the ILC.

129. International Linear Collider Reference Design Report Volume 2: Physics at the ILC

Author

Djouadi, Abdelhak, Lykken, Joseph, Moenig, Klaus, Okada, Yasuhiro, Oreglia, Mark, Yamashita, Satoru, Aarons, Gerald, Abe, Toshinori, Abernathy, Jason, Ablikim, Medina, Abramowicz, Halina, Adey, David, Adloff, Catherine, Adolphsen, Chris, Afanaciev, Konstantin, Agapov, Ilya, Ahn, Jung-Keun, Aihara, Hiroaki, Akemoto, Mitsuo, Del Carmen Alabau, Maria, Albert, Justin, Albrecht, Hartwig, Albrecht, Michael, Alesini, David, Alexander, Gideon, Alexander, Jim, Allison, Wade, Amann, John, Amirikas, Ramila, An, Qi, Anami, Shozo, Ananthanarayan, B., Anderson, Terry, Andricek, Ladislav, Anduze, Marc, Anerella, Michael, Anfimov, Nikolai, Angal-Kalinin, Deepa, Antipov, Sergei, Antoine, Claire, Aoki, Mayumi, Aoza, Atsushi, Aplin, Steve, Appleby, Rob, Arai, Yasuo, Araki, Sakae, Arkan, Tug, Arnold, Ned, Arnold, Ray, Arnowitt, Richard, Artru, Xavier, Arya, Kunal, Aryshev, Alexander, Asakawa, Eri, Asiri, Fred, Asner, David, Atac, Muzaffer, Atoian, Grigor, Attié, David, Augustin, Jean-Eudes, Augustine, David B., Ayres, Bradley, Aziz, Tariq, Baars, Derek, Badaud, Frederique, Baddams, Nigel, Bagger, Jonathan, Bai, Sha, Bailey, David, Bailey, Ian R., Baker, David, Balalykin, Nikolai I., Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Baldy, Jean-Luc, Ball, Markus, Ball, Maurice, Ballestrero, Alessandro, Ballin, Jamie, Baltay, Charles, Bambade, Philip, Ban, Syuichi, Band, Henry, Bane, Karl, Banerjee, Bakul, Barbanotti, Serena, Barbareschi, Daniele, Barbaro-Galtieri, Angela, Barber, Desmond P., Barbi, Mauricio, Bardin, Dmitri Y., Barish, Barry, Barklow, Timothy L., Barlow, Roger, Barnes, Virgil E., Barone, Maura, Bartels, Christoph, Bartsch, Valeria, Basu, Rahul, Battaglia, Marco, Batygin, Yuri, Baudot, Jerome, Baur, Ulrich, Elwyn Baynham, D., Beard, Carl, Bebek, Chris, Bechtle, Philip, Becker, Ulrich J., Bedeschi, Franco, Bedjidian, Marc, Behera, Prafulla, Behnke, Ties, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellerive, Alain, Bellomo, Paul, Bentson, Lynn D., Benyamna, Mustapha, Bergauer, Thomas, Berger, Edmond, Bergholz, Matthias, Beri, Suman, Berndt, Martin, Bernreuther, Werner, Bertolini, Alessandro, Besancon, Marc, Besson, Auguste, Beteille, Andre, Bettoni, Simona, Beyer, Michael, Bhandari, R. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hep-ph
Abstract

This article reviews the physics case for the ILC. Baseline running at 500 GeV as well as possible upgrades and options are discussed. The opportunities on Standard Model physics, Higgs physics, Supersymmetry and alternative theories beyond the Standard Model are described. This article reviews the physics case for the ILC. Baseline running at 500 GeV as well as possible upgrades and options are discussed. The opportunities on Standard Model physics, Higgs physics, Supersymmetry and alternative theories beyond the Standard Model are described.

130. ILC Reference Design Report Volume 4 - Detectors

Author

Behnke, Ties, Damerell, Chris, Jaros, John, Miyamoto, Akiya, Aarons, Gerald, Abe, Toshinori, Abernathy, Jason, Ablikim, Medina, Abramowicz, Halina, Adey, David, Adloff, Catherine, Adolphsen, Chris, Afanaciev, Konstantin, Agapov, Ilya, Ahn, Jung-Keun, Aihara, Hiroaki, Akemoto, Mitsuo, Del Carmen Alabau, Maria, Albert, Justin, Albrecht, Hartwig, Albrecht, Michael, Alesini, David, Alexander, Gideon, Alexander, Jim, Allison, Wade, Amann, John, Amirikas, Ramila, An, Qi, Anami, Shozo, Ananthanarayan, B., Anderson, Terry, Andricek, Ladislav, Anduze, Marc, Anerella, Michael, Anfimov, Nikolai, Angal-Kalinin, Deepa, Antipov, Sergei, Antoine, Claire, Aoki, Mayumi, Aoza, Atsushi, Aplin, Steve, Appleby, Rob, Arai, Yasuo, Araki, Sakae, Arkan, Tug, Arnold, Ned, Arnold, Ray, Arnowitt, Richard, Artru, Xavier, Arya, Kunal, Aryshev, Alexander, Asakawa, Eri, Asiri, Fred, Asner, David, Atac, Muzaffer, Atoian, Grigor, Attié, David, Augustin, Jean-Eudes, Augustine, David B., Ayres, Bradley, Aziz, Tariq, Baars, Derek, Badaud, Frederique, Baddams, Nigel, Bagger, Jonathan, Bai, Sha, Bailey, David, Bailey, Ian R., Baker, David, Balalykin, Nikolai I., Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Baldy, Jean-Luc, Ball, Markus, Ball, Maurice, Ballestrero, Alessandro, Ballin, Jamie, Baltay, Charles, Bambade, Philip, Ban, Syuichi, Band, Henry, Bane, Karl, Banerjee, Bakul, Barbanotti, Serena, Barbareschi, Daniele, Barbaro-Galtieri, Angela, Barber, Desmond P., Barbi, Mauricio, Bardin, Dmitri Y., Barish, Barry, Barklow, Timothy L., Barlow, Roger, Barnes, Virgil E., Barone, Maura, Bartels, Christoph, Bartsch, Valeria, Basu, Rahul, Battaglia, Marco, Batygin, Yuri, Baudot, Jerome, Baur, Ulrich, Elwyn Baynham, D., Beard, Carl, Bebek, Chris, Bechtle, Philip, Becker, Ulrich J., Bedeschi, Franco, Bedjidian, Marc, Behera, Prafulla, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellerive, Alain, Bellomo, Paul, Bentson, Lynn D., Benyamna, Mustapha, Bergauer, Thomas, Berger, Edmond, Bergholz, Matthias, Beri, Suman, Berndt, Martin, Bernreuther, Werner, Bertolini, Alessandro, Besancon, Marc, Besson, Auguste, Beteille, Andre, Bettoni, Simona, Beyer, Michael, Bhandari, R. 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Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos, Luis Fernandez-Hernando, J., Fiala, Pavel, Fieguth, Ted, Finch, Alexander, Finocchiaro, Giuseppe, Fischer, Peter, Fisher, Peter, Eugene Fisk, H., Fitton, Mike D., Fleck, Ivor, Fleischer, Manfred, Fleury, Julien, Flood, Kevin, Foley, Mike, Ford, Richard, Fortin, Dominique, Foster, Brian, Fourches, Nicolas, Francis, Kurt, Frey, Ariane, Frey, Raymond, Friedsam, Horst, Frisch, Josef, Frishman, Anatoli, Fuerst, Joel, Fujii, Keisuke, Fujimoto, Junpei, Fukuda, Masafumi, Fukuda, Shigeki, Funahashi, Yoshisato, Funk, Warren, Furletova, Julia, Furukawa, Kazuro, Furuta, Fumio, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Fuster, Juan, Gadow, Karsten, Gaede, Frank, Gaglione, Renaud, Gai, Wei, Gajewski, Jan, Galik, Richard, Galkin, Alexei, Galkin, Valery, Gallin-Martel, Laurent, Gannaway, Fred, Gao, Jian She, Gao, Jie, Gao, Yuanning, Garbincius, Peter, Garcia-Tabares, Luis, Garren, Lynn, Garrido, Luís, Garutti, Erika, Garvey, Terry, Garwin, Edward, Gascón, David, Gastal, Martin, Gatto, Corrado, Gatto, Raoul, Gay, Pascal, Ge, Lixin, Ge, Ming Qi, Ge, Rui, Geiser, Achim, Gellrich, Andreas, Genat, Jean-Francois, Geng, Zhe Qiao, Gentile, Simonetta, Gerbick, Scot, Gerig, Rod, Ghosh, Dilip Kumar, Ghosh, Kirtiman, Gibbons, Lawrence, Giganon, Arnaud, Gillespie, Allan, Gillman, Tony, Ginzburg, Ilya, Giomataris, Ioannis, Giunta, Michele, Gladkikh, Peter, Gluza, Janusz, Godbole, Rohini, Godfrey, Stephen, Goldhaber, Gerson, Goldstein, Joel, Gollin, George D., Gonzalez-Sanchez, Francisco Javier, Goodrick, Maurice, Gornushkin, Yuri, Gostkin, Mikhail, Gottschalk, Erik, Goudket, Philippe, Gough Eschrich, Ivo, Gournaris, Filimon, Graciani, Ricardo, Graf, Norman, Grah, Christian, Grancagnolo, Francesco, Grandjean, Damien, Grannis, Paul, Grassellino, Anna, Graugés, Eugeni, Gray, Stephen, Green, Michael, Greenhalgh, Justin, Greenshaw, Timothy, Grefe, Christian, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Grenier, Gerald, Grimes, Mark, Grimm, Terry, Gris, Philippe, Grivaz, Jean-Francois, Groll, Marius, Gronberg, Jeffrey, Grondin, Denis, Groom, Donald, Gross, Eilam, Grunewald, Martin, Grupen, Claus, Grzelak, Grzegorz, Gu, Jun, Gu, Yun-Ting, Guchait, Monoranjan, Guiducci, Susanna, Guler, Ali Murat, Guler, Hayg, Gulmez, Erhan, Gunion, John, Guo, Zhi Yu, Gurtu, Atul, Ha, Huy Bang, Haas, Tobias, Haase, Andy, Haba, Naoyuki, Haber, Howard, Haensel, Stephan, Hagge, Lars, Hagura, Hiroyuki, Hajdu, Csaba, Haller, Gunther, Haller, Johannes, Hallermann, Lea, Halyo, Valerie, Hamaguchi, Koichi, Hammond, Larry, Han, Liang, Han, Tao, Hand, Louis, Handu, Virender K., Hano, Hitoshi, Hansen, Christian, Hansen, Jørn Dines, Hansen, Jorgen Beck, Hara, Kazufumi, Harder, Kristian, Hartin, Anthony, Hartung, Walter, Hast, Carsten, Hauptman, John, Hauschild, Michael, Hauviller, Claude, Havranek, Miroslav, Hawkes, Chris, Hawkings, Richard, Hayano, Hitoshi, Hazumi, Masashi, He, An, He, Hong Jian, Hearty, Christopher, Heath, Helen, Hebbeker, Thomas, Hedberg, Vincent, Hedin, David, Heifets, Samuel, Heinemeyer, Sven, Heini, Sebastien, Helebrant, Christian, Helms, Richard, Heltsley, Brian, Henrot-Versille, Sophie, Henschel, Hans, Hensel, Carsten, Hermel, Richard, Herms, Atilà, Herten, Gregor, Hesselbach, Stefan, Heuer, Rolf-Dieter, Heusch, Clemens A., Hewett, Joanne, Higashi, Norio, Higashi, Takatoshi, Higashi, Yasuo, Higo, Toshiyasu, Hildreth, Michael D., Hiller, Karlheinz, Hillert, Sonja, Hillier, Stephen James, Himel, Thomas, Himmi, Abdelkader, Hinchliffe, Ian, Hioki, Zenro, Hirano, Koichiro, Hirose, Tachishige, Hisamatsu, Hiromi, Hisano, Junji, Hlaing, Chit Thu, Hock, Kai Meng, Hoeferkamp, Martin, Hohlfeld, Mark, Honda, Yousuke, Hong, Juho, Hong, Tae Min, Honma, Hiroyuki, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horvath, Dezso, Hosoyama, Kenji, Hostachy, Jean-Yves, Hou, Mi, Hou, Wei-Shu, Howell, David, Hronek, Maxine, Hsiung, Yee B., Hu, Bo, Hu, Tao, Huang, Jung-Yun, Huang, Tong Ming, Huang, Wen Hui, Huedem, Emil, Huggard, Peter, Hugonie, Cyril, Hu-Guo, Christine, Huitu, Katri, Hwang, Youngseok, Idzik, Marek, Ignatenko, Alexandr, Ignatov, Fedor, Ikeda, Hirokazu, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Ilicheva, Tatiana, Imbault, Didier, Imhof, Andreas, Incagli, Marco, Ingbir, Ronen, Inoue, Hitoshi, Inoue, Youichi, Introzzi, Gianluca, Ioakeimidi, Katerina, Ishihara, Satoshi, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Ishikawa, Tadashi, Issakov, Vladimir, Ito, Kazutoshi, Ivanov, V. V., Ivanov, Valentin, Ivanyushenkov, Yury, Iwasaki, Masako, Iwashita, Yoshihisa, Jackson, David, Jackson, Frank, Jacobsen, Bob, Jaganathan, Ramaswamy, Jamison, Steven, Janssen, Matthias Enno, Jaramillo-Echeverria, Richard, Jauffret, Clement, Jawale, Suresh B., Jeans, Daniel, Jedziniak, Ron, Jeffery, Ben, Jehanno, Didier, Jenner, Leo J., Jensen, Chris, Jensen, David R., Jiang, Hairong, Jiang, Xiao Ming, Jimbo, Masato, Jin, Shan, Keith Jobe, R., Johnson, Anthony, Johnson, Erik, Johnson, Matt, Johnston, Michael, Joireman, Paul, Jokic, Stevan, Jones, James, Jones, Roger M., Jongewaard, Erik, Jönsson, Leif, Joshi, Gopal, Joshi, Satish C., Jung, Jin-Young, Junk, Thomas, Juste, Aurelio, Kado, Marumi, Kadyk, John, Käfer, Daniela, Kako, Eiji, Kalavase, Puneeth, Kalinin, Alexander, Kalinowski, Jan, Kamitani, Takuya, Kamiya, Yoshio, Kamiya, Yukihide, Kamoshita, Jun-Ichi, Kananov, Sergey, Kanaya, Kazuyuki, Kanazawa, Ken-Ichi, Kanemura, Shinya, Kang, Heung-Sik, Kang, Wen, Kanjial, D., Kapusta, Frédéric, Karataev, Pavel, Karchin, Paul E., Karlen, Dean, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kashikhin, Vladimir, Kashiwagi, Shigeru, Kasley, Paul, Katagiri, Hiroaki, Kato, Takashi, Kato, Yukihiro, Katzy, Judith, Kaukher, Alexander, Kaur, Manjit, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Kawamura, Hiroyuki, Kazakov, Sergei, Kekelidze, V. D., Keller, Lewis, Kelley, Michael, Kelly, Marc, Kelly, Michael, Kennedy, Kurt, Kephart, Robert, Keung, Justin, Khainovski, Oleg, Khan, Sameen Ahmed, Khare, Prashant, Khovansky, Nikolai, Kiesling, Christian, Kikuchi, Mitsuo, Kilian, Wolfgang, Killenberg, Martin, Kim, Donghee, Kim, Eun San, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Guinyun, Kim, Hongjoo, Kim, Hyoungsuk, Kim, Hyun-Chui, Kim, Jonghoon, Kim, Kwang-Je, Kim, Kyung Sook, Kim, Peter, Kim, Seunghwan, Kim, Shin-Hong, Kim, Sun Kee, Kim, Tae Jeong, Kim, Youngim, Kim, Young-Kee, Kimmitt, Maurice, Kirby, Robert, Kircher, François, Kisielewska, Danuta, Kittel, Olaf, Klanner, Robert, Klebaner, Arkadiy L., Kleinwort, Claus, Klimkovich, Tatsiana, Klinkby, Esben, Kluth, Stefan, Knecht, Marc, Kneisel, Peter, Ko, In Soo, Ko, Kwok, Kobayashi, Makoto, Kobayashi, Nobuko, Kobel, Michael, Koch, Manuel, Kodys, Peter, Koetz, Uli, Kohrs, Robert, Kojima, Yuuji, Kolanoski, Hermann, Kolodziej, Karol, Kolomensky, Yury G., Komamiya, Sachio, Kong, Xiang Cheng, Konigsberg, Jacobo, Korbel, Volker, Koscielniak, Shane, Kostromin, Sergey, Kowalewski, Robert, Kraml, Sabine, Krammer, Manfred, Krasnykh, Anatoly, Krautscheid, Thorsten, Krawczyk, Maria, James Krebs, H., Krempetz, Kurt, Kribs, Graham, Krishnagopal, Srinivas, Kriske, Richard, Kronfeld, Andreas, Kroseberg, Jürgen, Kruchonak, Uladzimir, Kruecker, Dirk, Krüger, Hans, Krumpa, Nicholas A., Krumshtein, Zinovii, Kuang, Yu Ping, Kubo, Kiyoshi, Kuchler, Vic, Kudoh, Noboru, Kulis, Szymon, Kumada, Masayuki, Kumar, Abhay, Kume, Tatsuya, Kundu, Anirban, Kurevlev, German, Kurihara, Yoshimasa, Kuriki, Masao, Kuroda, Shigeru, Kuroiwa, Hirotoshi, Kurokawa, Shin-Ichi, Kusano, Tomonori, Kush, Pradeep K., Kutschke, Robert, Kuznetsova, Ekaterina, Kvasnicka, Peter, Kwon, Youngjoon, Labarga, Luis, Lacasta, Carlos, Lackey, Sharon, Lackowski, Thomas W., Lafaye, Remi, Lafferty, George, Lagorio, Eric, Laktineh, Imad, Lal, Shankar, Laloum, Maurice, Lam, Briant, Lancaster, Mark, Lander, Richard, Lange, Wolfgang, Langenfeld, Ulrich, Langeveld, Willem, Larbalestier, David, Larsen, Ray, Lastovicka, Tomas, Lastovicka-Medin, Gordana, Latina, Andrea, Latour, Emmanuel, Laurent, Lisa, Le, Ba Nam, Le, Duc Ninh, Le Diberder, Francois, Dû, Patrick Le, Lebbolo, Hervé, Lebrun, Paul, Lecoq, Jacques, Lee, Sung-Won, Lehner, Frank, Leibfritz, Jerry, Lenkszus, Frank, Lesiak, Tadeusz, Levy, Aharon, Lewandowski, Jim, Leyh, Greg, Li, Cheng, Li, Chong Sheng, Li, Chun Hua, Li, Da Zhang, Li, Gang, Li, Jin, Li, Shao Peng, Li, Wei Ming, Li, Weiguo, Li, Xiao Ping, Li, Xue-Qian, Li, Yuanjing, Li, Yulan, Li, Zenghai, Li, Zhong Quan, Liang, Jian Tao, Liao, Yi, Lilje, Lutz, Guilherme Lima, J., Lintern, Andrew J., Lipton, Ronald, List, Benno, List, Jenny, Liu, Chun, Liu, Jian Fei, Liu, Ke Xin, Liu, Li Qiang, Liu, Shao Zhen, Liu, Sheng Guang, Liu, Shubin, Liu, Wanming, Liu, Wei Bin, Liu, Ya Ping, Liu, Yu Dong, Lockyer, Nigel, Logan, Heather E., Logatchev, Pavel V., Lohmann, Wolfgang, Lohse, Thomas, Lola, Smaragda, Lopez-Virto, Amparo, Loveridge, Peter, Lozano, Manuel, Lu, Cai-Dian, Lu, Changguo, Lu, Gong-Lu, Lu, Wen Hui, Lubatti, Henry, Lucotte, Arnaud, Lundberg, Björn, Lundin, Tracy, Luo, Mingxing, Luong, Michel, Luth, Vera, Lutz, Benjamin, Lutz, Pierre, Lux, Thorsten, Luzniak, Pawel, Lyapin, Alexey, Lykken, Joseph, Lynch, Clare, Ma, Li, Ma, Lili, Ma, Qiang, Ma, Wen-Gan, Macfarlane, David, Maciel, Arthur, Macleod, Allan, Macnair, David, Mader, Wolfgang, Magill, Stephen, Magnan, Anne-Marie, Maiheu, Bino, Maity, Manas, Majchrzak, Millicent, Majumder, Gobinda, Makarov, Roman, Makowski, Dariusz, Malaescu, Bogdan, Mallik, C., Mallik, Usha, Malton, Stephen, Malyshev, Oleg B., Malysheva, Larisa I., Mammosser, John, Mamta, Mamuzic, Judita, Manen, Samuel, Manghisoni, Massimo, Manly, Steven, Marcellini, Fabio, Marcisovsky, Michal, Markiewicz, Thomas W., Marks, Steve, Marone, Andrew, Marti, Felix, Martin, Jean-Pierre, Martin, Victoria, Martin-Chassard, Gisèle, Martinez, Manel, Martinez-Rivero, Celso, Martsch, Dennis, Martyn, Hans-Ulrich, Maruyama, Takashi, Masuzawa, Mika, Mathez, Hervé, Matsuda, Takeshi, Matsumoto, Hiroshi, Matsumoto, Shuji, Matsumoto, Toshihiro, Matsunaga, Hiroyuki, Mättig, Peter, Mattison, Thomas, Mavromanolakis, Georgios, Mawatari, Kentarou, Mazzacane, Anna, Mcbride, Patricia, Mccormick, Douglas, Mccormick, Jeremy, Mcdonald, Kirk T., Mcgee, Mike, Mcintosh, Peter, Mckee, Bobby, Mcpherson, Robert A., Meidlinger, Mandi, Meier, Karlheinz, Mele, Barbara, Meller, Bob, Melzer-Pellmann, Isabell-Alissandra, Mendez, Hector, Mercer, Adam, Merkin, Mikhail, Meshkov, I. N., Messner, Robert, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Chris, Meyer, Hendrik, Meyer, Joachim, Meyer, Niels, Meyners, Norbert, Michelato, Paolo, Michizono, Shinichiro, Mihalcea, Daniel, Mihara, Satoshi, Mihara, Takanori, Mikami, Yoshinari, Mikhailichenko, Alexander A., Milardi, Catia, Miller, David J., Miller, Owen, Miller, Roger J., Milstene, Caroline, Mimashi, Toshihiro, Minashvili, Irakli, Miquel, Ramon, Mishra, Shekhar, Mitaroff, Winfried, Mitchell, Chad, Miura, Takako, Miyata, Hitoshi, Mjörnmark, Ulf, Mnich, Joachim, Moenig, Klaus, Moffeit, Kenneth, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molloy, Stephen, Monaco, Laura, Monasterio, Paul R., Montanari, Alessandro, Moon, Sung Ik, Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid A., Mora Freitas, Paulo, Morel, Federic, Moretti, Stefano, Morgunov, Vasily, Mori, Toshinori, Morin, Laurent, Morisseau, François, Morita, Yoshiyuki, Morita, Youhei, Morita, Yuichi, Morozov, Nikolai, Morozumi, Yuichi, Morse, William, Moser, Hans-Guenther, Moultaka, Gilbert, Mtingwa, Sekazi, Mudrinic, Mihajlo, Mueller, Alex, Mueller, Wolfgang, Muennich, Astrid, Muhlleitner, Milada Margarete, Mukherjee, Bhaskar, Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup, Müller, Thomas, Munro, Morrison, Murayama, Hitoshi, Muto, Toshiya, Myneni, Ganapati Rao, Nabhiraj, P. Y., Nagaitsev, Sergei, Nagamine, Tadashi, Nagano, Ai, Naito, Takashi, Nakai, Hirotaka, Nakajima, Hiromitsu, Nakamura, Isamu, Nakamura, Tomoya, Nakanishi, Tsutomu, Nakao, Katsumi, Nakao, Noriaki, Nakayoshi, Kazuo, Nam, Sang, Namito, Yoshihito, Namkung, Won, Nantista, Chris, Napoly, Olivier, Narain, Meenakshi, Naroska, Beate, Nauenberg, Uriel, Nayyar, Ruchika, Neal, Homer, Nelson, Charles, Nelson, Janice, Nelson, Timothy, Nemecek, Stanislav, Neubauer, Michael, Neuffer, David, Newman, Myriam Q., Nezhevenko, Oleg, Ng, Cho-Kuen, Nguyen, Anh Ky, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen Thi, Hong, Niebuhr, Carsten, Niehoff, Jim, Niezurawski, Piotr, Nishitani, Tomohiro, Nitoh, Osamu, Noguchi, Shuichi, Nomerotski, Andrei, Noonan, John, Norbeck, Edward, Nosochkov, Yuri, Notz, Dieter, Nowak, Grazyna, Nowak, Hannelies, Noy, Matthew, Nozaki, Mitsuaki, Nyffeler, Andreas, Nygren, David, Oddone, Piermaria, O, Joseph, Oh, Jong-Seok, Oh, Sun Kun, Ohkuma, Kazumasa, Ohlerich, Martin, Ohmi, Kazuhito, Ohnishi, Yukiyoshi, Ohsawa, Satoshi, Ohuchi, Norihito, Oide, Katsunobu, Okada, Nobuchika, Okada, Yasuhiro, Okamura, Takahiro, Okugi, Toshiyuki, Okumi, Shoji, Okumura, Ken-Ichi, Olchevski, Alexander, Oliver, William, Olivier, Bob, Olsen, James, Olsen, Jeff, Olsen, Stephen, Olshevsky, A. G., Olsson, Jan, Omori, Tsunehiko, Onel, Yasar, Onengut, Gulsen, Ono, Hiroaki, Onoprienko, Dmitry, Oreglia, Mark, Oren, Will, Orimoto, Toyoko J., Oriunno, Marco, Orlandea, Marius Ciprian, Oroku, Masahiro, Orr, Lynne H., Orr, Robert S., Oshea, Val, Oskarsson, Anders, Osland, Per, Ossetski, Dmitri, Österman, Lennart, Ostiguy, Francois, Otono, Hidetoshi, Ottewell, Brian, Ouyang, Qun, Padamsee, Hasan, Padilla, Cristobal, Pagani, Carlo, Palmer, Mark A., Pam, Wei Min, Pande, Manjiri, Pande, Rajni, Pandit, V. S., Pandita, P. N., Pandurovic, Mila, Pankov, Alexander, Panzeri, Nicola, Papandreou, Zisis, Paparella, Rocco, Para, Adam, Park, Hwanbae, Parker, Brett, Parkes, Chris, Parma, Vittorio, Parsa, Zohreh, Parsons, Justin, Partridge, Richard, Pasquinelli, Ralph, Pásztor, Gabriella, Paterson, Ewan, Patrick, Jim, Patteri, Piero, Ritchie Patterson, J., Pauletta, Giovanni, Paver, Nello, Pavlicek, Vince, Pawlik, Bogdan, Payet, Jacques, Pchalek, Norbert, Pedersen, John, Pei, Guo Xi, Pei, Shi Lun, Pelka, Jerzy, Pellegrini, Giulio, Pellett, David, Peng, G. X., Penn, Gregory, Penzo, Aldo, Perry, Colin, Peskin, Michael, Peters, Franz, Petersen, Troels Christian, Peterson, Daniel, Peterson, Thomas, Petterson, Maureen, Pfeffer, Howard, Pfund, Phil, Phelps, Alan, Phi, Quang, Phillips, Jonathan, Phinney, Nan, Piccolo, Marcello, Piemontese, Livio, Pierini, Paolo, Thomas Piggott, W., Pike, Gary, Pillet, Nicolas, Jayawardena, Talini Pinto, Piot, Phillippe, Pitts, Kevin, Pivi, Mauro, Plate, Dave, Pleier, Marc-Andre, Poblaguev, Andrei, Poehler, Michael, Poelker, Matthew, Poffenberger, Paul, Pogorelsky, Igor, Poirier, Freddy, Poling, Ronald, Poole, Mike, Popescu, Sorina, Popielarski, John, Pöschl, Roman, Postranecky, Martin, Potukochi, Prakash N., Prast, Julie, Prat, Serge, Preger, Miro, Prepost, Richard, Price, Michael, Proch, Dieter, Puntambekar, Avinash, Qin, Qing, Qu, Hua Min, Quadt, Arnulf, Quesnel, Jean-Pierre, Radeka, Veljko, Rahmat, Rahmat, Rai, Santosh Kumar, Raimondi, Pantaleo, Ramberg, Erik, Ranjan, Kirti, Rao, Sista V. L. S., Raspereza, Alexei, Ratti, Alessandro, Ratti, Lodovico, Raubenheimer, Tor, Raux, Ludovic, Ravindran, V., Raychaudhuri, Sreerup, Re, Valerio, Rease, Bill, Reece, Charles E., Regler, Meinhard, Rehlich, Kay, Reichel, Ina, Reichold, Armin, Reid, John, Reid, Ron, Reidy, James, Reinhard, Marcel, Renz, Uwe, Repond, Jose, Resta-Lopez, Javier, Reuen, Lars, Ribnik, Jacob, Rice, Tyler, Richard, François, Riemann, Sabine, Riemann, Tord, Riles, Keith, Riley, Daniel, Rimbault, Cécile, Rindani, Saurabh, Rinolfi, Louis, Risigo, Fabio, Riu, Imma, Rizhikov, Dmitri, Rizzo, Thomas, Rochford, James H., Rodriguez, Ponciano, Roeben, Martin, Rolandi, Gigi, Roodman, Aaron, Rosenberg, Eli, Roser, Robert, Ross, Marc, Rossel, François, Rossmanith, Robert, Roth, Stefan, Rougé, André, Rowe, Allan, Roy, Amit, Roy, Sendhunil B., Roy, Sourov, Royer, Laurent, Royole-Degieux, Perrine, Royon, Christophe, Ruan, Manqi, Rubin, David, Ruehl, Ingo, Jimeno, Alberto Ruiz, Ruland, Robert, Rusnak, Brian, Ryu, Sun-Young, Sabbi, Gian Luca, Sadeh, Iftach, Sadygov, Ziraddin Y., Saeki, Takayuki, Sagan, David, Sahni, Vinod C., Saini, Arun, Saito, Kenji, Saito, Kiwamu, Sajot, Gerard, Sakanaka, Shogo, Sakaue, Kazuyuki, Salata, Zen, Salih, Sabah, Salvatore, Fabrizio, Samson, Joergen, Sanami, Toshiya, Levi Sanchez, Allister, Sands, William, Santic, John, Sanuki, Tomoyuki, Sapronov, Andrey, Sarkar, Utpal, Sasao, Noboru, Satoh, Kotaro, Sauli, Fabio, Saunders, Claude, Saveliev, Valeri, Savoy-Navarro, Aurore, Sawyer, Lee, Saxton, Laura, Schäfer, Oliver, Schälicke, Andreas, Schade, Peter, Schaetzel, Sebastien, Scheitrum, Glenn, Schibler, Emilie, Schindler, Rafe, Schlösser, Markus, Schlueter, Ross D., Schmid, Peter, Schmidt, Ringo Sebastian, Schneekloth, Uwe, Schreiber, Heinz Juergen, Schreiber, Siegfried, Schroeder, Henning, Peter Schüler, K., Schulte, Daniel, Schultz-Coulon, Hans-Christian, Schumacher, Markus, Steffen Schumann, Schumm, Bruce A., Schwienhorst, Reinhard, Schwierz, Rainer, Scott, Duncan J., Scuri, Fabrizio, Sefkow, Felix, Sefri, Rachid, Seguin-Moreau, Nathalie, Seidel, Sally, Seidman, David, Sekmen, Sezen, Seletskiy, Sergei, Senaha, Eibun, Senanayake, Rohan, Sendai, Hiroshi, Sertore, Daniele, Seryi, Andrei, Settles, Ronald, Sever, Ramazan, Shales, Nicholas, Shao, Ming, Shelkov, G. A., Shepard, Ken, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Sheppard, John C., Shi, Cai Tu, Shidara, Tetsuo, Shim, Yeo-Jeong, Shimizu, Hirotaka, Shimizu, Yasuhiro, Shimizu, Yuuki, Shimogawa, Tetsushi, Shin, Seunghwan, Shioden, Masaomi, Shipsey, Ian, Shirkov, Grigori, Shishido, Toshio, Shivpuri, Ram K., Shrivastava, Purushottam, Shulga, Sergey, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Shuvalov, Sergey, Si, Zongguo, Siddiqui, Azher Majid, Siegrist, James, Simon, Claire, Simrock, Stefan, Sinev, Nikolai, Singh, Bhartendu K., Singh, Jasbir, Singh, Pitamber, Singh, R. K., Singh, S. K., Singini, Monito, Sinha, Anil K., Sinha, Nita, Sinha, Rahul, Sinram, Klaus, Sissakian, A. N., Skachkov, N. B., Skrinsky, Alexander, Slater, Mark, Slominski, Wojciech, Smiljanic, Ivan, Smith, A. J. Stewart, Smith, Alex, Smith, Brian J., Smith, Jeff, Smith, Jonathan, Smith, Steve, Smith, Susan, Smith, Tonee, Neville Snodgrass, W., Sobloher, Blanka, Sohn, Young-Uk, Solidum, Ruelson, Solyak, Nikolai, Son, Dongchul, Sonmez, Nasuf, Sopczak, Andre, Soskov, V., Spencer, Cherrill M., Spentzouris, Panagiotis, Speziali, Valeria, Spira, Michael, Sprehn, Daryl, Sridhar, K., Srivastava, Asutosh, St Lorant, Steve, Stahl, Achim, Stanek, Richard P., Stanitzki, Marcel, Stanley, Jacob, Stefanov, Konstantin, Stein, Werner, Steiner, Herbert, Stenlund, Evert, Stern, Amir, Sternberg, Matt, Stockinger, Dominik, Stockton, Mark, Stoeck, Holger, Strachan, John, Strakhovenko, V., Strauss, Michael, Striganov, Sergei I., Strologas, John, Strom, David, Strube, Jan, Stupakov, Gennady, Su, Dong, Sudo, Yuji, Suehara, Taikan, Suehiro, Toru, Suetsugu, Yusuke, Sugahara, Ryuhei, Sugimoto, Yasuhiro, Sugiyama, Akira, Suh, Jun Suhk, Sukovic, Goran, Sun, Hong, Sun, Stephen, Sun, Werner, Sun, Yi, Sun, Yipeng, Suszycki, Leszek, Sutcliffe, Peter, Suthar, Rameshwar L., Suwada, Tsuyoshi, Suzuki, Atsuto, Suzuki, Chihiro, Suzuki, Shiro, Suzuki, Takashi, Swent, Richard, Swientek, Krzysztof, Swinson, Christina, Syresin, Evgeny, Szleper, Michal, Tadday, Alexander, Takahashi, Rika, Takahashi, Tohru, Takano, Mikio, Takasaki, Fumihiko, Takeda, Seishi, Takenaka, Tateru, Takeshita, Tohru, Takubo, Yosuke, Tanaka, Masami, Tang, Chuan Xiang, Taniguchi, Takashi, Tantawi, Sami, Tapprogge, Stefan, Tartaglia, Michael A., Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauchi, Toshiaki, Tavian, Laurent, Tawara, Hiroko, Taylor, Geoffrey, Telnov, Alexandre V., Telnov, Valery, Tenenbaum, Peter, Teodorescu, Eliza, Terashima, Akio, Terracciano, Giuseppina, Terunuma, Nobuhiro, Teubner, Thomas, Teuscher, Richard, Theilacker, Jay, Thomson, Mark, Tice, Jeff, Tigner, Maury, Timmermans, Jan, Titov, Maxim, Toge, Nobukazu, Tokareva, N. A., Tollefson, Kirsten, Tomasek, Lukas, Tomovic, Savo, Tompkins, John, Tonutti, Manfred, Topkar, Anita, Toprek, Dragan, Toral, Fernando, Torrence, Eric, Traversi, Gianluca, Trimpl, Marcel, Mani Tripathi, S., Trischuk, William, Trodden, Mark, Trubnikov, G. V., Tschirhart, Robert, Tskhadadze, Edisher, Tsuchiya, Kiyosumi, Tsukamoto, Toshifumi, Tsunemi, Akira, Tucker, Robin, Turchetta, Renato, Tyndel, Mike, Uekusa, Nobuhiro, Ueno, Kenji, Umemori, Kensei, Ummenhofer, Martin, Underwood, David, Uozumi, Satoru, Urakawa, Junji, Urban, Jeremy, Uriot, Didier, Urner, David, Ushakov, Andrei, Usher, Tracy, Uzunyan, Sergey, Vachon, Brigitte, Valerio, Linda, Valin, Isabelle, Valishev, Alex, Vamra, Raghava, Graaf, Harry, Kooten, Rick, Zandbergen, Gary, Vanel, Jean-Charles, Variola, Alessandro, Varner, Gary, Velasco, Mayda, Velte, Ulrich, Velthuis, Jaap, Vempati, Sundir K., Venturini, Marco, Vescovi, Christophe, Videau, Henri, Vila, Ivan, Vincent, Pascal, Virey, Jean-Marc, Visentin, Bernard, Viti, Michele, Vo, Thanh Cuong, Vogel, Adrian, Vogt, Harald, Toerne, Eckhard, Vorozhtsov, S. B., Vos, Marcel, Votava, Margaret, Vrba, Vaclav, Wackeroth, Doreen, Wagner, Albrecht, Wagner, Carlos E. M., Wagner, Stephen, Wake, Masayoshi, Walczak, Roman, Walker, Nicholas J., Walkowiak, Wolfgang, Wallon, Samuel, Walsh, Roberval, Walston, Sean, Waltenberger, Wolfgang, Walz, Dieter, Wang, Chao En, Wang, Chun Hong, Wang, Dou, Wang, Faya, Wang, Guang Wei, Wang, Haitao, Wang, Jiang, Wang, Jiu Qing, Wang, Juwen, Wang, Lanfa, Wang, Lei, Wang, Min-Zu, Wang, Qing, Wang, Shu Hong, Wang, Xiaolian, Wang, Xue-Lei, Wang, Yi Fang, Wang, Zheng, Wanzenberg, Rainer, Ward, Bennie, Ward, David, Warmbein, Barbara, Warner, David W., Warren, Matthew, Washio, Masakazu, Watanabe, Isamu, Watanabe, Ken, Watanabe, Takashi, Watanabe, Yuichi, Watson, Nigel, Wattimena, Nanda, Wayne, Mitchell, Weber, Marc, Weerts, Harry, Weiglein, Georg, Weiland, Thomas, Weinzierl, Stefan, Weise, Hans, Weisend, John, Wendt, Manfred, Wendt, Oliver, Wenzel, Hans, Wenzel, William A., Wermes, Norbert, Werthenbach, Ulrich, Wesseln, Steve, Wester, William, White, Andy, White, Glen R., Wichmann, Katarzyna, Wienemann, Peter, Wierba, Wojciech, Wilksen, Tim, Willis, William, Wilson, Graham W., Wilson, John A., Wilson, Robert, Wing, Matthew, Winter, Marc, Wirth, Brian D., Wolbers, Stephen A., Wolff, Dan, Wolski, Andrzej, Woodley, Mark D., Woods, Michael, Woodward, Michael L., Woolliscroft, Timothy, Worm, Steven, Wormser, Guy, Wright, Dennis, Wright, Douglas, Wu, Andy, Wu, Tao, Wu, Yue Liang, Xella, Stefania, Xia, Guoxing, Xia, Lei, Xiao, Aimin, Xiao, Liling, Xie, Jia Lin, Xing, Zhi-Zhong, Xiong, Lian You, Xu, Gang, Xu, Qing Jing, Yajnik, Urjit A., Yakimenko, Vitaly, Yamada, Ryuji, Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Akira, Yamamoto, Hitoshi, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Yamamoto, Naoto, Yamamoto, Richard, Yamamoto, Yasuchika, Yamanaka, Takashi, Yamaoka, Hiroshi, Yamashita, Satoru, Yamazaki, Hideki, Yan, Wenbiao, Yang, Hai-Jun, Yang, Jin Min, Yang, Jongmann, Yang, Zhenwei, Yano, Yoshiharu, Yazgan, Efe, Yeh, G. P., Yilmaz, Hakan, Yock, Philip, Yoda, Hakutaro, Yoh, John, Yokoya, Kaoru, Yokoyama, Hirokazu, York, Richard C., Yoshida, Mitsuhiro, Yoshida, Takuo, Yoshioka, Tamaki, Young, Andrew, Yu, Cheng Hui, Yu, Jaehoon, Yu, Xian Ming, Yuan, Changzheng, Yue, Chong-Xing, Yue, Jun Hui, Zacek, Josef, Zagorodnov, Igor, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zalikhanov, Boris, Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip, Zawiejski, Leszek, Zeitnitz, Christian, Zeller, Michael, Zerwas, Dirk, Zerwas, Peter, Zeyrek, Mehmet, Zhai, Ji Yuan, Zhang, Bao Cheng, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Chuang, Zhang, He, Zhang, Jiawen, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Jing Ru, Zhang, Jinlong, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, X., Zhang, Yuan, Zhang, Zhige, Zhang, Zhiqing, Zhang, Ziping, Zhao, Haiwen, Zhao, Ji Jiu, Zhao, Jing Xia, Zhao, Ming Hua, Zhao, Sheng Chu, Zhao, Tianchi, Zhao, Tong Xian, Zhao, Zhen Tang, Zhao, Zhengguo, Zhou, Min, Zhou, Feng, Zhou, Shun, Zhu, Shou Hua, Zhu, Xiong Wei, Zhukov, Valery, Zimmermann, Frank, Ziolkowski, Michael, Zisman, Michael S., Zomer, Fabian, Zong, Zhang Guo, Zorba, Osman, and Zutshi, Vishnu

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, physics.ins-det
Abstract

This report, Volume IV of the International Linear Collider Reference Design Report, describes the detectors which will record and measure the charged and neutral particles produced in the ILC's high energy e+e- collisions. The physics of the ILC, and the environment of the machine-detector interface, pose new challenges for detector design. Several conceptual designs for the detector promise the needed performance, and ongoing detector R&D is addressing the outstanding technological issues. Two such detectors, operating in push-pull mode, perfectly instrument the ILC interaction region, and access the full potential of ILC physics. This report, Volume IV of the International Linear Collider Reference Design Report, describes the detectors which will record and measure the charged and neutral particles produced in the ILC's high energy e+e- collisions. The physics of the ILC, and the environment of the machine-detector interface, pose new challenges for detector design. Several conceptual designs for the detector promise the needed performance, and ongoing detector R&D is addressing the outstanding technological issues. Two such detectors, operating in push-pull mode, perfectly instrument the ILC interaction region, and access the full potential of ILC physics.

131. A universal immunohistochemistry analyzer for generalizing AI-driven assessment of immunohistochemistry across immunostains and cancer types.

Author

Brattoli B, Mostafavi M, Lee T, Jung W, Ryu J, Park S, Park J, Pereira S, Shin S, Choi S, Kim H, Yoo D, Ali SM, Paeng K, Ock CY, Cho SI, and Kim S

Abstract

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the common companion diagnostics in targeted therapies. However, quantifying protein expressions in IHC images present a significant challenge, due to variability in manual scoring and inherent subjective interpretation. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising approach to address these issues, though current models require extensive training for each cancer and IHC type, limiting the practical application. We developed a Universal IHC (UIHC) analyzer, a DL-based tool that quantifies protein expression across different cancers and IHC types. This multi-cohort trained model outperformed conventional single-cohort models in analyzing unseen IHC images (Kappa score 0.578 vs. up to 0.509) and demonstrated consistent performance across varying positive staining cutoff values. In a discovery application, the UIHC model assigned higher tumor proportion scores to MET amplification cases, but not MET exon 14 splicing or other non-small cell lung cancer cases. This UIHC model represents a novel role for DL that further advances quantitative analysis of IHC., Competing Interests: Competing interests: B.B., T.L., J.R., J.P., S.P., S.S., D.Y., S.M.A., K.P., C.-Y.O., and S.I.C. are employees of Lunit and/or have stock/stock options in Lunit. M.M. and S.P. were employees of Lunit., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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132. Poor prognostic factors independently impact remission and treatment escalation in rheumatoid arthritis regardless of disease activity: A nationwide prospective cohort study.

Author

Ha YJ, Shin S, Choi SR, Kang EH, Song YW, and Lee YJ

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the impact of poor prognostic factors (PPFs) in daily practice on achieving remission and the requirement for biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) in a large Korean cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: Using the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis (KORONA) database, patients with RA were categorized into three groups based on the number of PPFs (0-1, 2, or≥3): the presence of functional limitation, extra-articular disease, seropositivity, and bone erosions. Factors related to achieving remission and to initiating b/tsDMARDs were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses after adjusting confounders., Results: Among 5076 patients with RA, group L (PPF≤1), group M (PPFs 2), and group H (PPFs≥3) were 1788 (35.2%), 2027 (39.9%), and 1261 (24.9%), respectively. Group H had higher disease activity and worse patient-reported outcomes than groups L and M. Among moderately-to-highly active patients at baseline, group H was significantly less likely to attain point (hazard ratio [HR]=0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.79) and sustained (HR=0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.99) Boolean-based remission in 5-year. Groups M (HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.10-1.96) and H (HR=1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.32) had an increased risk of escalation to b/tsDMARDs, compared to group L among b/tsDMARDs-naïve patients at baseline., Conclusion: Achieving remission was particularly challenging for group H, and more patients in groups M and H initiated b/tsDMARDS during the 5-year observation period. Therefore, the presence of PPFs≥3 significantly influences both patients' outcomes and clinician's treatment decisions regardless of disease activity., (Copyright © 2024 Sociýtý Franýaise de Rhumatologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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133. Nonlinear optimization for a low-emittance storage ring.

Author

Oh B, Ko J, Shin S, Kim J, Lee J, and Jang G

Abstract

A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is a powerful global optimization tool, but its results are considerably affected by the crossover parameter η c . Finding an appropriate η c demands too much computing time because MOGA needs be run several times in order to find a good η c . In this paper, a self-adaptive crossover parameter is introduced in a strategy to adopt a new η c for every generation while running MOGA. This new scheme has also been adopted for a multi-generation Gaussian process optimization (MGGPO) when producing trial solutions. Compared with the existing MGGPO and MOGA, the MGGPO and MOGA with the new strategy show better performance in nonlinear optimization for the design of low-emittance storage rings., (open access.)

Published
2024
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134. Inflamed immune phenotype predicts favorable clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy across multiple cancer types.

Author

Shen J, Choi YL, Lee T, Kim H, Chae YK, Dulken BW, Bogdan S, Huang M, Fisher GA, Park S, Lee SH, Hwang JE, Chung JH, Kim L, Song H, Pereira S, Shin S, Lim Y, Ahn CH, Kim S, Oum C, Kim S, Park G, Song S, Jung W, Kim S, Bang YJ, Mok TSK, Ali SM, and Ock CY

Subjects
Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors pharmacology, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, Biomarkers, Tumor, Phenotype, Tumor Microenvironment, Artificial Intelligence, Brain Neoplasms
Abstract

Background: The inflamed immune phenotype (IIP), defined by enrichment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within intratumoral areas, is a promising tumor-agnostic biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, it is challenging to define the IIP in an objective and reproducible manner during manual histopathologic examination. Here, we investigate artificial intelligence (AI)-based immune phenotypes capable of predicting ICI clinical outcomes in multiple solid tumor types., Methods: Lunit SCOPE IO is a deep learning model which determines the immune phenotype of the tumor microenvironment based on TIL analysis. We evaluated the correlation between the IIP and ICI treatment outcomes in terms of objective response rates (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of 1,806 ICI-treated patients representing over 27 solid tumor types retrospectively collected from multiple institutions., Results: We observed an overall IIP prevalence of 35.2% and significantly more favorable ORRs (26.3% vs 15.8%), PFS (median 5.3 vs 3.1 months, HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.76), and OS (median 25.3 vs 13.6 months, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.75) after ICI therapy in IIP compared with non-IIP patients, respectively (p<0.001 for all comparisons). On subgroup analysis, the IIP was generally prognostic of favorable PFS across major patient subgroups, with the exception of the microsatellite unstable/mismatch repair deficient subgroup., Conclusion: The AI-based IIP may represent a practical, affordable, clinically actionable, and tumor-agnostic biomarker prognostic of ICI therapy response across diverse tumor types., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JS and SB received institutional research funding from Lunit, Inc. HS, SP, SSh, YL, CHO, Seulki Kim, CO, Sukjun Kim, GP, SSo, WJ, SA and C-YO are employees of Lunit, Inc. Y-JB. is a Consultant/Advisory Board member for Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), Merck Serono, Daiichi-Sankyo, Astellas, Alexo Oncology, Samyang Biopharm, Hanmi, Daewoong, and Amgen, and received institutional research grants for clinical trials from Genentech/Roche, MSD, Merck Serono, Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas, and Amgen in the past 3 years. Other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2024
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135. Discontinuation risk from adverse events: immunotherapy alone vs. combined with chemotherapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author

Shin S, Moon J, Oum C, Kim S, Cho SI, Lim Y, Ock CY, and Shin S

Subjects
Humans, Network Meta-Analysis, Combined Modality Therapy, Immunotherapy adverse effects, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Lung Neoplasms
Abstract

Background: While immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (Chemo-IO) is generally recognized for providing superior outcomes compared to monotherapy (mono-IO), it is associated with a higher incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), which may lead to treatment discontinuation. In this study, we compared the rates of treatment discontinuation between mono-IO and Chemo-IO as first-line treatments for various solid tumors., Methods: We systematically reviewed clinical trials from databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and an additional source) published from January 1, 2018, to July 10, 2023. We included phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that utilized immunotherapy agents in at least one arm as first-line treatments for a variety of solid tumors. Data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) extension statement for network meta-analysis. A random effects model was used for the network meta-analysis, with the risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool II. The primary outcomes encompassed treatment discontinuation rates due to TRAEs among patients who underwent immunotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy, for various solid tumors. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare between treatment groups., Results: From 29 RCTs, a total of 21,677 patients and 5 types of treatment were analyzed. Compared to mono-IO, Chemo-IO showed a significantly higher rate of discontinuation due to TRAEs (RR 2.68, 95% CI 1.98-3.63). Subgroup analysis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients also exhibited a greater risk of discontinuation due to TRAEs with Chemo-IO compared to mono-IO (RR 2.93, 95% CI 1.67-5.14). Additional analyses evaluating discontinuation rates due to either treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or AEs regardless of causality (any AEs) consistently revealed an elevated risk associated with Chemo-IO., Conclusions: Chemo-IO was associated with an elevated risk of treatment discontinuation not only due to TRAEs but also any AEs or TEAEs. Given that the treatment duration can impact clinical outcomes, a subset of patients might benefit more from mono-IO than combination therapy. Further research is imperative to identify and characterize this subset., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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136. Deep learning model improves tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte evaluation and therapeutic response prediction in breast cancer.

Author

Choi S, Cho SI, Jung W, Lee T, Choi SJ, Song S, Park G, Park S, Ma M, Pereira S, Yoo D, Shin S, Ock CY, and Kim S

Abstract

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been recognized as key players in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer, but substantial interobserver variability among pathologists has impeded its utility as a biomarker. We developed a deep learning (DL)-based TIL analyzer to evaluate stromal TILs (sTILs) in breast cancer. Three pathologists evaluated 402 whole slide images of breast cancer and interpreted the sTIL scores. A standalone performance of the DL model was evaluated in the 210 cases (52.2%) exhibiting sTIL score differences of less than 10 percentage points, yielding a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.755 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.693-0.805) in comparison to the pathologists' scores. For the 226 slides (56.2%) showing a 10 percentage points or greater variance between pathologists and the DL model, revisions were made. The number of discordant cases was reduced to 116 (28.9%) with the DL assistance (p < 0.001). The DL assistance also increased the concordance correlation coefficient of the sTIL score among every two pathologists. In triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients who underwent the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the DL-assisted revision notably accentuated higher sTIL scores in responders (26.8 ± 19.6 vs. 19.0 ± 16.4, p = 0.003). Furthermore, the DL-assistant revision disclosed the correlation of sTIL-high tumors (sTIL ≥ 50) with the chemotherapeutic response (odd ratio 1.28 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.63], p = 0.039). Through enhancing inter-pathologist concordance in sTIL interpretation and predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, here we report the utility of the DL-based tool as a reference for sTIL scoring in breast cancer assessment., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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137. The Psychomotor Cognition Test for Measurement of Sleepiness/Fatigue on a Touch Screen .

Author

Lee Y, Lee Y, Yoo S, Shin S, Park H, and Kim D

Subjects
Humans, Reaction Time physiology, Fatigue diagnosis, Cognition, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Sleepiness
Abstract

The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a simple and reliable performance test that measures sustained attention, alertness level, and fatigue level. The PVT is a convenient tool that can be used in real time in situ through a mobile device without the assistance of experts and therefore can be used to improve safety and prevent accidents. However, the original PVT is vulnerable to the subject's intentional concentration on the test, and the variance range among tests is narrow; these factors limit its usefulness in classifying the level of fatigue. This study overcome these limitations and develop the Psychomotor Cognition Test (PCT) by transforming the PVT into a tool that stably classifies fatigue levels, still requiring a short period of time. In the PCT, compared to the PVT, reaction time is significantly longer, and success rate is significantly lower (both p<0.0001). Whereas reaction time and success rate of the PVT do not show a significant correlation with fatigue level, those of the PCT show significant correlations with fatigue level, respectively (p<0.001). This study suggests that the PCT can be used in real time in situ as a risk management tool for workers performing dangerous tasks and can become an even more powerful tool when combined with other physiological indicators.

Published
2023
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139. Artificial intelligence-powered programmed death ligand 1 analyser reduces interobserver variation in tumour proportion score for non-small cell lung cancer with better prediction of immunotherapy response.

Author

Choi S, Cho SI, Ma M, Park S, Pereira S, Aum BJ, Shin S, Paeng K, Yoo D, Jung W, Ock CY, Lee SH, Choi YL, Chung JH, Mok TS, Kim H, and Kim S

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, B7-H1 Antigen, Humans, Observer Variation, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung diagnosis, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Immunotherapy, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Manual evaluation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour proportion score (TPS) by pathologists is associated with interobserver bias., Objective: This study explored the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered TPS analyser in minimisation of interobserver variation and enhancement of therapeutic response prediction., Methods: A prototype model of an AI-powered TPS analyser was developed with a total of 802 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whole-slide images. Three independent board-certified pathologists labelled PD-L1 TPS in an external cohort of 479 NSCLC slides. For cases of disagreement between each pathologist and the AI model, the pathologists were asked to revise the TPS grade (<1%, 1%-49% and ≥50%) with AI assistance. The concordance rates among the pathologists with or without AI assistance and the effect of the AI-assisted revision on clinical outcome upon immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment were evaluated., Results: Without AI assistance, pathologists concordantly classified TPS in 81.4% of the cases. They revised their initial interpretation by using the AI model for the disagreement cases between the pathologist and the AI model (N = 91, 93 and 107 for each pathologist). The overall concordance rate among the pathologists was increased to 90.2% after the AI assistance (P < 0.001). A reduction in hazard ratio for overall survival and progression-free survival upon ICI treatment was identified in the TPS subgroups after the AI-assisted TPS revision., Conclusion: The AI-powered TPS analyser assistance improves the pathologists' consensus of reading and prediction of the therapeutic response, raising a possibility of standardised approach for the accurate interpretation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement S.I.C., S.S., K.P., D.Y., W.J. and C.-Y.O. are employed by Lunit Inc. and has stock/stock options in Lunit Inc., and M.M., S.P., S.P. and B.J.A. are employed by Lunit Inc. No other disclosures were reported. The AI model in the study is a prototype model, and the model has developed for academic interest, not for commercialisation., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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140. Extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 promotes osteoclastogenesis and is associated with radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Han DW, Choi YS, Kim HW, Shin S, Ha YJ, Kang EH, Park JW, Park JK, Shin K, Song YW, and Lee YJ

Subjects
Cell Differentiation, Humans, Osteoclasts metabolism, Osteoclasts pathology, RANK Ligand metabolism, Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnostic imaging, Arthritis, Rheumatoid enzymology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid metabolism, Arthritis, Rheumatoid pathology, Osteogenesis, Pyruvate Kinase metabolism
Abstract

Extracellular PKM2 (exPKM2) levels have been reported to be increased in several cancers and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating exPKM2 levels with radiographic progression in RA patients and the effect of exPKM2 on osteoclastogenesis. Plasma and synovial fluid exPKM2 levels were significantly elevated in RA patients. Plasma exPKM2 levels were correlated with RA disease activity and were an independent predictor for radiographic progression in RA patients with a disease duration of ≤ 12 months. CD14 + monocytes but not RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes secreted PKM2 upon stimulation with inflammatory mediators. Recombinant PKM2 (rPKM2) increased the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells and resorption pit in osteoclast precursors, dose-dependently, even in the absence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). rPKM2 treatment upregulated the expression of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and MMP-9 via the ERK pathway. Although rPKM2 did not directly bind to RAW264.7 cells, extracellular application of pyruvate, the end-product of PKM2, showed effects similar to those seen in rPKM2-induced osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that exPKM2 is a potential regulator of RA-related joint damage and a novel biomarker for subsequent radiographic progression in patients with early-stage RA., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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141. The colloidal nature of complex fluids enhances bacterial motility.

Author

Kamdar S, Shin S, Leishangthem P, Francis LF, Xu X, and Cheng X

Subjects
Bacteria, Humans, Hydrodynamics, Polymers, Colloids, Ecosystem
Abstract

The natural habitats of microorganisms in the human microbiome, ocean and soil ecosystems are full of colloids and macromolecules. Such environments exhibit non-Newtonian flow properties, drastically affecting the locomotion of microorganisms 1-5 . Although the low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamics of swimming flagellated bacteria in simple Newtonian fluids has been well developed 6-9 , our understanding of bacterial motility in complex non-Newtonian fluids is less mature 10,11 . Even after six decades of research, fundamental questions about the nature and origin of bacterial motility enhancement in polymer solutions are still under debate 12-23 . Here we show that flagellated bacteria in dilute colloidal suspensions display quantitatively similar motile behaviours to those in dilute polymer solutions, in particular a universal particle-size-dependent motility enhancement up to 80% accompanied by a strong suppression of bacterial wobbling 18,24 . By virtue of the hard-sphere nature of colloids, whose size and volume fraction we vary across experiments, our results shed light on the long-standing controversy over bacterial motility enhancement in complex fluids and suggest that polymer dynamics may not be essential for capturing the phenomenon 12-23 . A physical model that incorporates the colloidal nature of complex fluids quantitatively explains bacterial wobbling dynamics and mobility enhancement in both colloidal and polymeric fluids. Our findings contribute to the understanding of motile behaviours of bacteria in complex fluids, which are relevant for a wide range of microbiological processes 25 and for engineering bacterial swimming in complex environments 26,27 ., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2022
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142. Sex differences in clinical characteristics and their influence on clinical outcomes in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Shin S, Park EH, Kang EH, Lee YJ, Song YW, and Ha YJ

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Remission Induction, Republic of Korea epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Characteristics, Treatment Outcome, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnosis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more prevalent in women, but sex differences remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate sex differences in clinical characteristics and their potential impact on clinical outcomes in a large Korean cohort of patients with RA., Methods: In total, 5376 RA patients from the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis (KORONA) database were examined at baseline and for 3 consecutive years using the disease activity score 28 (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Within a subgroup with active disease (DAS28≥3.2) at baseline, sex impacts on clinical outcome during follow-up were analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The factors related to achieving clinical remission were analyzed using Cox-proportional hazard regression., Results: At baseline, women (n=4574) were younger and had more erosive disease and longer disease duration than men (n=802) with higher scores in DAS28, HAQ, and PROs. The prevalence of interstitial lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in men was higher than that of women. In a RA subgroup with active disease at baseline, GEE analyses demonstrated that women RA significantly influenced the rate of change of DAS28 over time. In that group, men are associated with achieving DAS28 sustained remission and point remission., Conclusions: Women with RA in Korea report higher levels of disease activity and PROs compared to men, whereas most comorbidities were more prevalent in men. The longitudinal change in disease activity and the rate of achieving clinical remission were found to be worse in women with RA., (Copyright © 2020 Société française de rhumatologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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143. ACTN-3 Genotype, Body Composition, Fitness, and +G z Tolerance in Senior Cadets.

Author

Shin S and Jee H

Subjects
Adult, Aerospace Medicine, Genotype, Humans, Military Personnel education, Pilots education, Pilots statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Actinin genetics, Body Composition physiology, Hypergravity, Military Personnel statistics & numerical data, Physical Fitness physiology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among ACTN-3 , body composition, fitness, and +G z tolerance for senior cadet training development and their safe task performance. METHODS: The subjects were all senior cadets ( N = 68) at the Korea Air Force Academy. All cadets are required to pass a physical fitness test (3-km running, sit-ups, push-ups) and body composition test on a semiannual basis. Isokinetic muscle function (strength and endurance), +G z test (+6 G z ⋅ 30 s -1 ), and target gene ( ACTN-3 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: The effects of body composition and physical fitness along with the relationship of the ACTN-3 genotype to the +6 G z test results were determined. Consequently, no significant difference was found concerning the effect of ACTN-3 on the +6 G z test result, body composition, and physical fitness; however, body fat (%) and isokinetic muscle strength (peak torque right leg extension and left leg flexion) showed significance between the pass and failure groups in the +G z test. DISCUSSION: The cadets of the Korea Air Force Academy showed dominant fast genetic expression type based on their ACTN-3 genotype [RR and RX ( N = 51, 75%) > XX ( N = 17, 25%)]. Body fat (%) and isokinetic muscle strength (PT R EX, L FL) can be more effective predictors in the +6 G z test for cadet training. Another speculation is that more RR- and RX-type-oriented training can promote cadets' G z tolerance from the isokinetic factors such as high peak torque and low fatigue index. Shin S, Jee H. ACTN-3 genotype, body composition, fitness, and +G z tolerance in senior cadets . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(12):1055-1060.

Published
2019
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