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Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment ( one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry ) and stocked with 2375 N/hec ( Silver carp 60% , Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens.

Recently, the nutritional requirements of marine finfish larvae have received considerable attention, and studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) affects the growth and survival of marine finfish larvae. This study investigated the effects of different Artemia enrichments containing variable amounts of DHA and EPA on the growth and survival of larval Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Four different Artemia enrichments ICES30/4 (with 20.90mg/g DW DHA and 6.29mg/g DW EPA), Sturgeon Ovary Oil (SOO) (with 2.76mg/g DW DHA and 7.55mg/g DW EPA), Cod Liver Oil (CLO) (with 7.64mg/g DW DHA and 11.39mg/g DW EPA) and Linseed Oil (LO) (with 0.00mg/g DW DHA and 0.03mg/g DW EPA) in seventy five aquaria (each 45 liter, with three replicates per treatment) were used. The resultant Artemia contained a different concentration of DHA (0.00-5.99mg/g DW) and EPA (0.69-4.97mg/g DW). Larvae were fed with Artemia from 3 to 20 days after active feeding at 250 prey 1^-1. Results showed that there were significant differences between treatments regarding to the total length and wet weight but no significant differences were found in dry weight between the larvae reared on different treatments. However, larvae reared on LO were significantly higher (in weight) than larvae reared on ICES30/4 and SOO. Larval survival on the SOO enriched Artemia (93.3±1.6) at 20th day was significantly higher than other treatments. Our results showed a positive effect of Artemia DHA proportions on growth and survival of the Persian sturgeon, and demonstrated that larvae of this species require a high ratio of dietary DHA to EPA. Article includes abstract in Farsi on last page.

There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for warm water fish culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm in tree provinces (guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in fore disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) revise premium forms , claim forms, inspection forms 3) new formulation for insurance management 4) guide lines for diagnostic futures and prevention of manageable accident. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The Goal of project implementation was survey of biological roles of Northern pike, Esox lucius, in decreasing of Coarse fish and other un economics organisms in carps ponds and also increasing of final crops in hectare and determination of Suitable ration of pike in ponds. This project implemented by 5 treatment with 3 replicates for every ones in 2 years. The pike density was 200, 350, 500 and 650 fish individuals per hectare for 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment, respectively, and fifth treatment was without pike. The treatments of 1 and 3 conducted in first year and other in second year of test period. At first, about 26 brooders Caught from Anzali Lagoon, and reproduced by artificial and semi - natural methods in Sefidroud Fisheries Research Station in 12–14 °c temperature. Produced larvae reared in earthen ponds and fries reached to weight of 10 -12 g after 45 days. Mean weight, length and survival rates of fish was 12.27 and 32.5 g, 11.44 and 15.83 cm, and 40 and 21% after 45 and 60 days, respectively. The carp density in ponds was 3500 fish individuals per hectare and stocking rates were 55 % silver carp, 20 % common carp, 10 % bighead carp and 15 % grass carp. In throughout of the experiment period, physico– chemical factors measured and plankton (phyto and zoo), benthos, un wanted fish and other organisms investigated. The biomass of unwanted fishes reduced to 76/81 and 60/6 % in first and second year of experiments respectively. The results showed that Esox lucius had effect in increasing of objective fish produce about 17.9 % and 3.9 % in first and second period of project implementation respectively. The average of fish produce in pond unit (2400 m^2)was 842 kg (3508 kg/ha ), 825 kg (3439 kg/ha) and 776 kg (3232 kg/ha) in first , second and control treatments first year of test period , and also in second year was 865 kg (3603 kg/ha), 877 kg (3652 kg/ha) and 848 kg (3531 kg/ha) in second , fourth and control treatments , respectively. A significant different found in final weight mean of common carp between treatments and Control ponds (P

The Goal of project implementation was survey of biological roles of Northern pike, Esox lucius, in decreasing of Coarse fish and other un economics organisms in carps ponds and also increasing of final crops in hectare and determination of Suitable ration of pike in ponds. This project implemented by 5 treatment with 3 replicates for every ones in 2 years . The pike density was 200, 350, 500 and 650 fish individuals per hectare for 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 treatment , Respectively, and fifth treatment was without pike. The treatments of 1 and 3 conducted in first year and other in second year of test period. At first, about 26 brooders Caught from Anzali Lagoon, and reproduced by artificial and semi - natural methoods in Sefidroud Pisheries Research Station in 12–14 °c temperature. Produced larvae reared in earthen ponds and fries reached to weight of 10 -12 g after 45 days. Mean weight, length and survival rates of fish was 12.27 and 32.5 g , 11.44 and 15.83 cm , and 40 and 21% after 45 and 60 days , respectively . The carp density in ponds was 3500 fish individualsper hectar and stocking rates were 55 % silver carp, 20 % common carp , 10 % bighead carp and 15 % grass carp . In throughout of the experiment period, physico – chemical factors measured and plankton ( phyto and zoo) , benthos , un wanted fish and other organisms investigated . The biomass of unwanted fishes reduced to 76/81 and 60/6 % in first and second year of experiments respectively. The results showed that Esox lucius had effect in increasing of objective fish produce about 17.9 % and 3.9 % in first and second period of project implementation respectively . The average of fish produce in pond unit ( 2400 m2 )was 842 kg ( 3508 kg/ha ), 825 kg ( 3439 kg/ha ) and 776 kg ( 3232 kg/ha ) in first , second and control treatments first year of test period , and also in second year was 865 kg ( 3603 kg/ha ), 877 kg ( 3652 kg/ha) and 848 kg ( 3531 kg/ha) in second , fourth and control treatments , respectively . A significant different found in final weight mean of common carp between treatments and Control ponds (P

This study was carried out to determine the appropriate size of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877) juveniles for releasing to South Caspian Sea or possibility of cage culture in Caspian Sea water. 1611 specimens were exposed in 4 weight groups of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g, in 3 salinity trials: Caspian Water (11- 11.5), inshore water (7) and fresh water (control). Each trial was done in 3 replicates. The blood samples and tissue fixations carried out from juveniles of control group (in fresh water) and 3, 6, 12, 24, 72, 168, 240 hours after exposure of fish in different treatments. Plasma osmolal ity, Na^+ and Cl^- concentrations, were measured by osmometer, flame photometer, RA1000 respectively. Plasma cortisol level was determined by using RIA (radio immunochemical assay). Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity in homogenates of gills was estimated by phosphate released from ATP. Histological indicators including chloride cell diameter and nephron morphometric parameters were assessed using classic preparation and optic microscope with digital camera. Results of osmolality and ions measuring concurrently show that all weight groups can live in salinity of 7 and they maintain the osmolality and ion concentrations. In the Caspian water, weight groups excluding 5 g juveniles show same result. Mean plasma osmolality of 20, 15, 10 and 5 gr juveniles in control group (time of 0) were calculated 331.3±8.7, 307.7±6, 334.7±14.6 and 301±8.7 mosml/l. This parameter in the above weight groups after 240 hours exposure in the Caspian Sea water were measured 329±0.53, 321±9, 325.3±6.7 and 346.5±13.6 respectively. The observation of kidney glomeruli in histological sections shows that the diameter of glomeruli in 5, 10, 15 g weight groups in 7 and all groups in Caspian water decreased after 72 h adaptation period (p0.05) for 5g juveniles, whereas within weight groups of 10, 15 and 20 g in Caspian Sea water and groups of 15, 20 g in water of 7 salinity, the increase (p0.05), although in other groups, a significant increase of this parameter was detected during experiments. Na^+ ,K^+ -ATPase activity in juveniles of 5g weight group in 7 salinity and Caspian water was low (3.2 6.1 mol Pi /mg protein/ h). The enzyme activities in all weight groups were higher under the exposure in Caspian Sea water than that in water of 7 salinity. In group of 10 g juveniles at start time (control in freshwater) the activity of Na^+, K^+ -ATPase was significantly higher (p

Coregonus lavaretus is one the important species of coregonidae family. It has adipose fin and the tail fin has a deep notch. The fish is special for fresh and cold north waters and are mainly found in north hemisphere and north of Europe, Asia and America. It feeds aquatic invertebrate and zooplanktons. The mentioned species has tasteful meat and supplies the major part of fish consumption. The big fishes meat is tasteful, low fat and has a cucumber like odorous characteristics and is mostly consumed in dried and smoked forms. Since this fish is important in inland fisheries and is releasable and developing in water sources of lakes behind dams has been considered and respect to purity of water resources behind dams. In the lake of Karaj dam has been considered as the only habitat and considered to have to low biological information from October to late march 2001 for 6 months totally 82 samples were caught and studied and through this way lack of fishing in the region by determining 11 stations, the samples were collected and grown, relation between length and weight, age and length, propagation, nutrition and fertility parameters were evaluated. Most of caught fishes are 4 to 5 year olds and 3 and 4 year olds. The 4 year olds males were majority and 5 and 6 year olds females formed the dominant group. Correlation relation between age and total length in both sexes (male and female) was very significant at 1% level, of course in females the correlation was around 100%. The weight and total length in males and females that was caught both had high correlation at 1%level; of course this correlation in females had been very stronger than males. % level related to gonad weight and sexual evolution stages of females. Gonad had correlation at 5 The most absolute fecundity had belonged to 5 year old female with 19120 ovules and the lowest to 4 year old breeder. With 11496 ovules the most relative fecundity was 62.13% and belonged to 5 year old breeder and the lowest was 36.06% belonged to 4 year old breeder by increasing the quantity of ovules in breeders the sixth stage of sexual evolution the fecundity rate has been directly increased as well. % of Gonad weight was the most effective factor on absolute fecundity and according to (R2) more than 90 variations of breeders; absolute fecundity is claimable by their gonad weight. Among all traits, affecting gonad weight fecundity the breeders sexual evolution stage has been recognized the most effective factor on fish ovules diameter. Generally in oligotrophic aquatic resources they become mature before the age of 3 and in utroph aquatic resources and full of edible zooplanktons they become mature with 2 years of age. In respect to nutrition this fish eats a broad range of zooplanktons separated from surface to bed of water of dam lake and no kind of selection was seen there so that in different ecological condition it can differ appropriately to kind of foods available in different seasons so that in cold months (December to March) the food diet of this fish varies toward eating water bed living things such as tobifex. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P

In 22 August of 2000 an adequate amount of fresh cow manure was transported form Golshahr Cow Farm and deposited in the experiment site. The transported manure was divided equally between five treatments of siloes, depots without plastic coverage, depots with plastic coverage, barrels and tubes. Deposited manures retained in the treatments till 20 May 2001. During the retention time, sampling from three points of cow farm and other treatments carried out with monthly intervals and samples were analyzed for determination -of Ca, Na, NDF. ADF. crude protein, crude fat, moisture; crude fiber, minerals, dry mater and NFE. Temperature, pH and redox potential were measured in situ and all data were analyzed statistically by SAS general linear models. The results showed that month and treatment exert significant effects (P

This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P

Summary Xanthoma and atherosclerosis are similar in having infiltrations of macrophages that have transformed into foam cells. The oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) promotes adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by inducing expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells. Macrophages transform into foam cells by incorporating oxidized LDL using several kinds of scavenger receptors. Very recently, it has been shown that LDL oxidation occurs within lysosomes in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and the increase of intra-lysosomal PH can prevent LDL oxidation. Given that proton pump inhibitors can decrease the intra-lysosomal acidicty through inhibition of the lysosomal membrane H+/K+ATPase, theses agents could afford protection against atherosclerosis and xanthoma formation.