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Cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2008 to April, 2009 to determine the sero prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus in West and South West Shoa zones of Oromia regional state, central Ethiopia. The samples were processed with the 3 ABC ELISA kits that can able to identify natural infected animal from vaccinated animals. From the total sera of 421 tested, the overall sero prevalence of FMD in cattle was 15.0% (63/421). The prevalence rate was higher (22%) in the South west shoa zone than West shoa zone (5.6%). The difference was statistically significant (ρ 0.05). The sero prevalence of FMD was found higher in mid highland (16.8%) than highland attitude (6.7%) which was statistically significant (ρ

The study of soil physico-chemical properties were made on the soils of BuleHoraWoreda, WestGuji zone. The objective of the study was to characterize soil physical and chemical properties to assess the fertility status of the soils in the study areas. Soil profile pits at representative sites were described and soil samples were collected from each depth of 0-15 cm, 15 – 30 cm, and 30–60 cm depending on the root depth of the crop. Soil samples were collected from two different study areas for the determination of soil texture, bulk density, porosity, soil pH and electrical conductivity. The top layer (0-15 cm) has an average bulk density of 1.10 g/cm3, whereas the subsurface layer (15-30 and the bottom layer (30-60 cm) has an average bulk density of 1.16 g/cm3 and 1.26 g/cm3, respectively at the GuyyeKebele. The average value of bulk density 1.18 g/cm3, 1.29 g/cm3 and 1.39g/cm3 was recorded on the surface horizon (0-15 cm), subsurface horizon (15-30 cm) and the bottom horizon (30 - 60 cm) depth, respectively at BuleHora Farm. Accordingly, the highest (1.39 g/cm3) and the lowest (1.10 g/cm3) average bulk density values were recorded for BuleHoraand GuyyeKebele study Farm, respectively. The average highest porosity (58.48%) value was observed in the surface horizon (0 -15 cm) soil depth and the average lowest porosity value (52.11%) was observed in the bottom horizon (30 – 60 cm) depth at GuyyeKebele study Farm. The average porosity value of the soils in BuleHora study Farm were recorded 55.27%, 52.39% and 47.63% for the surface horizon (0 -15 cm), sub surface horizon ( 15 –30 cm) and bottom horizon (30 – 60 cm) depth , respectively. The soil textural class was changed with depth from sandy clay in surface horizon (0-15 cm) to clay in both sub surface horizon (15- 30 cm) and bottom horizon (30-60 cm) at GuyyeKebele. The pH value was observed on the soils of the GuyyeKebele study area increased from 6.08 at surface horizon (0 – 15 cm) to 6.27 at the sub surface horizon (15- 30 cm) and then slightly decreased to 6.21 at the bottom horizon (30-60 cm) of the soil depth. Lowest soil pH value (5.44) was measured in the surface horizon (0 –15 cm) and the highest pH value (6.09) was observed in bottom horizon (30-60 cm) soil depth at BuleHora farm. The electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste extracts of the study area was low (ranging from 0.0387 to 0.1587 dS m-1) throughout the profile showing no significant accumulation of soluble salts to convert the soil to saline soil.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 43-48, December, 2017

Aims: This study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH). Method: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals of HFSUH. Based on purposive sampling technique, all eligible healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians and pharmacists) were involved in the study. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. The test of association of selected categorical variables were done using cross tabulation and Pearson Chi-square test. Result: Our study indicated that about 297 participants provided their response to the distributed questionnaires which makes the response rate 91.4%. Of the total healthcare professionals involved in the study, 99 (33.6%) of them were able to understand the difference between adverse drug reaction (ADR) and side effects, of which pharmacists were significantly reported (95.24%, P

Ixodid ticks are common and a major obstacle to development and utilization of animal resource in tropical countries like Ethiopia. Ethiopia shares long international frontiers with adjacent countries, tick dynamics and influx of ticks across the border are major obstacles of tick control and management. Thus, border-oriented epidemiological surveys are of paramount importance to identify a potential port of cross border diseases, particularly ticks and to formulate complimentary bilateral policies. The current study was therefore, designed with the objectives to assess prevalence, abundance and to identify genera and species of major ixodid tick of cattle circulating at Ethio-Kenyan border. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017 in purposively selected four Pastoral Associations of Dillo district, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 7524 adult ticks were randomly collected from 384 cattle and examined with a stereomicroscope. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of risk factors with positivity for Ixodid ticks. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 98.2% of Ixodid ticks of cattle. Three genera of ticks, Rhipicephalus (including the subgenus Boophilus), Amblyomma and Hyalomma and seven species of ticks were identified and found to be abundant with overall mean burdens of 40 ticks/head. The association of age and body condition of animals to tick infestation were statistically significant but there was no significant association between sex and tick infestation (OR=3, P=0.007). Animals in poor body condition were twice more likely to be infested with tick than animals with good body condition (OR=2, P=0.031) and animals with medium body condition were also found more prone to tick infestation than animals in good body condition (OR=1.7, P=0.043). Ixodid ticks that were less abundant in most parts of the country were encountered as well adapted and widely distributed in this area. Uncontrolled animal movement across the border may play a great role in high density and diversification of tick in Dillo district. Therefore, collaborative nationwide studies was done to have the country-wide distribution figures and to identify a potential port of cross border diseases particularly ticks and to formulate complimentary bilateral policies for prevention and control of ticks. Key words: Ixodid, tick, cattle, Dillo, Borena, cross border disease.

Experimental Verification of Hypothesis of Antitumor Potential Presence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells is an analgesic treatment method which is applied before surgical trauma and tissue damage..

In the context of new changes and challenges facing society caused by the COVID-19 pandemic the most important factor in ensuring the sustainable functioning of economic entities is the formation and improvement of crisis management strategies and models. Ensuring the competitiveness and further functioning of economic entities largely depends on the available resource potential, its optimization, diversification and implementation innovation. Due to the changes in the market environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic the theoretical foundations and methodology of crisis management need to improved and substantially supplemented. The problem is partially solved through the introduction of modern information technologies in the management of economic systems and digitalization, the introduction of resource-saving technologies, optimization of operating costs, the introduction of green economy and socialization of economic processes. Digitization has become an effective tool for optimizing economic activity, an element of growth strategies in the market and a model for expanding the volume of activity, which has formed a new concept the management of economic entities.The results of the author’s research in the scientific monograph are devoted to solving problems of formation and improvement of strategies and models of crisis management and mechanisms of their implementation in modern global changes and challenges to society based on concept the management of economic entities.An important component of the scientific monograph is the formation of new and improvement of existing strategies for managing the competitiveness of economic entities, socio-economic processes at the regional and national levels, approaches to implementing a supply chain logistics management system, clustering financial support for dual education, employment in a pandemic, the consequences of pandemic for certain sectors of the economy and ways to overcome the crisis.The results of the research presented in the scientific monograph reflect the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of crisis management mechanisms of socio-economic processes in the context of globalization, optimizing the resource potential of economic entities in the future and the possibility of its development through digitalization, implementation saving technologies and innovations.

Experiments were performed on 28 sexually mature Wistar rats divided into two equal groups. Rats were fixed in stereotactic apparatus and received 2.8×105 C6 glioma cells in 20 μl of F10 medium locally into frontal region of brain under ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine anesthesia. One group of rats (n=14) was implanted with 40×104 MSCs in 40 μl of low glucose DMEM medium into submucosa of nasal cavity. Further, only rats from this group received 40×104 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intranasally in the form of a spray on a weekly basis. All 14 rats from the second group died within two months. Rats with implanted MSCs started to die in two and a half months. Two rats lived up to 8.5 months. One of these rats was decapitated, brain slices stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl – and no tumor cells were found. A connective tissue scar was found at the site of injection.

Microfluidic mixing becomes a necessity when thorough sample homogenization is required in small volumes of fluid, such as in lab-on-a-chip devices. For example, efficient mixing is extraordinarily challenging in capillary-filling microfluidic devices and in microchambers with stagnant fluids. To address this issue, specifically designed geometrical features can enhance the effect of diffusion and provide efficient mixing by inducing chaotic fluid flow. This scheme is known as “passive” mixing. In addition, when rapid and global mixing is essential, “active” mixing can be applied by exploiting an external source. In particular, magnetic mixing (where a magnetic field acts to stimulate mixing) shows great potential for high mixing efficiency. This method generally involves magnetic beads and external (or integrated) magnets for the creation of chaotic motion in the device. However, there is still plenty of room for exploiting the potential of magnetic beads for mixing applications. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages of magnetic bead mixing along with recommendations on improving mixing in low Reynolds number flows (Re ≤ 1) and in stagnant fluids.

There has been a significant change in the structure of intracranial tumors this past decade.

Objective: optimization microsurgical methods of meningioma resection in foramen occipitalis magnum.Materials and methods. Our study includes 34 observations, patients aged 18 to 75 years (median age 52.8 years) in the period from 1991 to 2016. There were 7 men, 27 women (ratio M : F — 1 : 3.9). This amounted to about 1.6% of the total number of patients with symptomatic meningiomas. To assess the extent of surgical treatment, we used the gradation system of D. Simpson.Results. Total tumor resection was performed in 24 (70.6%) cases, subtotal — in 6 (17.6%) cases, partial — in 4 (11.8%) patients. There was no postoperative mortality. Tumor recurrence was not observed during the whole observation period. Tumor resection was performed in two stages, in one case, because of decrease in blood pressure to 60 mm Hg and bradycardia during the first intervention, probably due to brainstem dislocation. The remaining tumor portion was completely removed after 5 months.In the early postoperative period, lower cranial nerves and C1-C2 rootlets dysfunctions were registered in 19 (55.9%) patients, and 13 (38.2%) patients had mild or moderate pyramidal disorders. Cerebellar ataxia was revealed in 22 (64.7%) observations. Clinically significant pneumocephalus was diagnosed in 3 (8.8%) cases, which required air extraction (patients were operated in the sitting position). There were no hemorrhagic complications in any case.Postoperative radiosurgery (gamma-knife) was carried out in 1 (2.9%) case (after subtotal tumor removal), radiotherapy — in 4 (11.8%) cases after partial and subtotal fossa magnum meningioma resection.Functional outcomes were initially estimated according to the Karnofsky performance status scale in the period from 6 to 14 months after the surgery. Twenty-three patients (67.7%) experienced 90–100% (no disability or vital activity), 8 (23.5%) patients had 70–80% (mild disability and vital dysfunction), 3 (8.8%) patients experienced 50–60% (moderate disability and life-support needed), whose tumor was partially removed. There were no gross neurological disorders, which significantly restricted the ability to work and live.All patients were or continue to be monitored according to clinical protocols, all of them were recommended to undergo a control MRI at least once a year. Catamnesis was up to 19 years. There were no repeated complaints about recurrence or continued fossa magnum meningioma growth in either case, even after subtotal or partial tumor removal.Conclusions. The suboccipital lateral approach with laminectomy to the level of the lower tumor pole was sufficient enough to provide adequate microsurgical craniovertebral meningioma resection without resection of the atlantooccipital articulation. The approach to neoplasm matrix was performed after tumor partial resection without brain stem traction. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring provided the control of brain stem functions at all stages of tumor resection and vertebral artery isolation., Цель: оптимизировать методы микрохирургического удаления менингиом большого затылочного отверстия (БЗО).Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на 34 наблюдениях за пациентами с менингиомами БЗО в возрасте от 18 до 75 лет (средний возраст – 52,8 года) в период с 1991 по 2016 гг. (1,6% от общего количества пациентов с симптоматическими менингиомами). Мужчин было 7, женщин – 27 (соотношение – 1,0:3,9). Для оценки степени радикальности хирургического вмешательства использовали градационную систему D. Simpson.Результаты. Тотальное удаление менингиом БЗО (Simpson 2) проведено у 24 (70,6%) пациентов, субтотальное (Simpson 3) – у 6 (17,6%), частичное (Simpson 4) – у 4 (11,8%). Послеоперационной летальности не было. В одном наблюдении удаление опухоли выполнено в два этапа из-за того, что во время первого вмешательства, вероятно, из-за дислокации ствола мозга, у пациента имело место снижение артериального давления до 60 мм рт. ст. и брадикардия. Через 5 мес (второй этап) менингиома была удалена тотально.В ранний послеоперационный период отмечена дисфункции каудальных нервов и корешков С1-С2 у 19 (55,9%) пациентов, у 13 (38,2%) имели место слабо или умеренно выраженные пирамидные расстройства. Мозжечковая атаксия зафиксирована в 22 (64,7%) наблюдениях. В 3 (8,8%) случаях отмечена клинически значимая пневмоцефалия, которая потребовала эвакуации воздуха из полости черепа (пациенты прооперированы в положении сидя на операционном столе). Геморрагических осложнений не было ни в одном случае.Послеоперационная радиохирургия (гамма-нож) проведена в 1 (2,9%) случае после субтотального удаления опухоли, лучевая терапия – в 4 (11,8%) случаях после частичного и субтотального удаления менингиомы.Функциональные исходы первоначально оценены по шкале качества жизни Карновского (Karnoffsky performance scale) в сроки от 6 до 14 мес после операции. Уровень 90–100% (без ограничений трудоспособности и жизнедеятельности) имели 23 (67,7%) пациента, 70–80% (легкое ограничение трудоспособности и жизнедеятельности) – 8 (23,5%), 50–60% (умеренные ограничения трудоспособности и жизнедеятельности) – 3 (8,8%). У последних опухоль была удалена частично. Грубых неврологических нарушений, существенно ограничивающих трудоспособность и жизнедеятельность, не было ни в одном наблюдении.Все пациенты находились или продолжают находиться под наблюдением согласно клиническим протоколам. Всем рекомендовано проведение контрольной магнитно-резонансной томографии не реже одного раза в год. Катамнез составил до 19 лет. Повторных обращений по поводу рецидива или продолженного роста менингиом БЗО не было, даже после субтотального или частичного удаления опухоли.Выводы. Субокципитальный латерализованный доступ с ляминэктомией до уровня нижнего полюса опухоли является достаточным для обеспечения адекватного микрохирургического удаления менингиом области БЗО без резекции атлантоокципитального сочленения. Подход к матриксу новообразования следует осуществлять после частичной резекции опухоли без тракции стволовых отделов мозга. Использование интраоперационного нейромониторинга обеспечивает контроль стволовых функций на всех этапах удаления опухоли и выделения позвоночной артерии., Мета: оптимізувати методи мікрохірургічного видалення менінгіом великого потиличного отвору (ВПО).Матеріали і методи. Дослідження ґрунтується на 34 спостереженнях за пацієнтами з менінгіомами ВПО віком від 18 до 75 років (середній вік – 52,8 року) в період з 1991 до 2016 рр. (1,6% від загальної кількості пацієнтів із симптоматичними менінгіомами). Чоловіків було 7, жінок – 27 (співвідношення – 1,0:3,9). Для оцінки ступеня радикальності хірургічного втручання використовували градаційну систему D. Simpson.Результати. Тотальне видалення менінгіом ВПО (Simpson 2) проведено у 24 (70,6%) пацієнтів, субтотальне (Simpson 3) – у 6 (17,6%), часткове (Simpson 4) – у 4 (11,8%). Післяопераційної летальності не було. В одному спостереженні видалення пухлини виконано в два етапи, оскільки під час першого втручання, ймовірно, через дислокацію стовбура мозку, у пацієнта мало місце зниження артеріального тиску до 60 мм рт. ст. і брадикардія. Через 5 міс (другий етап) менінгіому видалено тотально.У ранній післяопераційний період відзначено дисфункцію каудальних нервів і корінців С1-С2 у 19 (55,9%) пацієнтів, у 13 (38,2%) мали місце слабко або помірно виражені пірамідні розлади. Мозочкову атаксію зафіксували в 22 (64,7%) спостереженнях. У 3 (8,8%) випадках відзначено клінічно значущу пневмоцефалію, яка потребувала евакуації повітря з порожнини черепа (пацієнти прооперовані в положенні сидячи на операційному столі). Геморагічних ускладнень не було в жодному випадку.Післяопераційна радіохірургія (гамма-ніж) проведена в 1 (2,9%) випадку після субтотального видалення пухлини, променева терапія – в 4 (11,8%) випадках після часткового і субтотального видалення менінгіоми.Функціональні результати спочатку оцінено за шкалою якості життя Карновского (Karnoffsky performance scale) в терміни від 6 до 14 міс після операції. Рівень 90–100% (без обмежень працездатності та життєдіяльності) мали 23 (67,7%) пацієнта, 70–80% (легке обмеження працездатності та життєдіяльності) – 8 (23,5%), 50–60% (помірні обмеження працездатності та життєдіяльності) – 3 (8,8%). В останніх пухлину було видалено частково. Грубих неврологічних порушень, які б суттєво обмежували працездатність і життєдіяльність, не було в жодному спостереженні.Усі пацієнти перебували або продовжують перебувати під наглядом згідно із клінічними протоколами. Всім рекомендовано проведення контрольної магнітно-томографічної томографії не рідше одного разу на рік. Катамнез становив до 19 років. Повторних звернень з приводу рецидиву або продовженого росту менінгіом ВПО не було, навіть після субтотального або часткового видалення пухлини.Висновки. Субокципітальний латералізований доступ з лямінектомією до рівня нижнього полюса пухлини є достатнім для забезпечення адекватного мікрохірургічного видалення менінгіом ділянки ВПО без резекції атлантоокципітального зчленування. Підхід до матриксу новоутворення слід здійснювати після часткової резекції пухлини без тракції стовбурових відділів мозку. Використання інтраопераційного нейромоніторингу забезпечує контроль стовбурових функцій на всіх етапах видалення пухлини і виділення хребтової артерії.

The progress of modern medicine is also associated with highcost technologies, expensive creation of medicines, and unique ways of transplantations of inner organs, which are available only for selected people [1].

Hypothesis on reality of perineural migration of stem cells (SCs) along vagus nerve fibers to injured heart and brain stem regions was experimentally verified on ten Wistar rats.

Agricultureasaprimaryeconomicactivityisthemajoreconomicbaseoftheworld’spopulation. Agriculture as a primary economic activity is the major economic base of the world’s population. More than 60 percent of the world population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. This study was conducted in Dawuro Zone Essera district achieve the general objective that assessed the impacts of population growth on agricultural production and farming practices. Essera district is 102,848, of whom 51.35% are male and 48.64% are female. This district falls into three agro-ecological regions, of which, kolla within (500-1500masl), weina-dega within (1501-2500 masl) and Dega above (> 2500 masl). To conduct this study, the cross-sectional survey design with the application of both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. The study involved a multistage sampling, i.e. a combination of purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling procedures to select the study area and sample households. To draw the samples, the households in the study area, Stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect information from respondents. Study area districts stratified into 3 stratums based on agro ecological zone, after this stratification in agro-ecological zone, kebeles that study has been undergone, selected purposively. That is kola whose elevation ranges from 1000m-1500m above sea level, woynadega whose elevation ranges from 1500m-2000m above sea level, and dega whose elevation ranges from 2000-3000m above sea level. Data that was made available through different instruments was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Different tables, maps and figures were also used to illustrate the various aspects of the study. In the light of the theories considered and the finding of the study indicated, both the population pessimistic views of Malthusians and neo Malthusians and the optimistic views of Boserupian could not separately provides the complete explanations regarding the population and agricultural production relationship of this study. It was observed that, increase in population growth of the area associated with an increase in usage of modern inputs which increase in total crop outputs in general and yields for some crop types such as cereals in particular. Moreover, labor intensive land investment practices including tree planting; terracing, manuring croplands were increasingly under taking by peasants as result of rapid change in population size of the area. Farmers have to be advised to plant tree at area far away from land serving agricultural activities.

Background: The Construction world is regarded as one of the most dangerous sectors worldwide. It employs unskilled labor force with highly complex work done within a confined area, leading to a multitude of safety hazards. Building construction accidents are on the rise and can create several adverse consequences. Statistics on construction occupation injuries and ailments show it as one of the most dangerous occupations in the world. Personal Protective Equipments can prevent the various types of injuries that are likely to happen in construction work environment. This study is aimed at assessing personal protective equipment utilization and associated factors among Construction at the Lideta Housing Project located in Addis Ababa. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 289 Workers employed in the Lideta Housing Project, Addis Ababa. Simple Random Sampling technique using Lottery Method on the Payroll lists was used to select participants from the Project's sites. Data was collected by using structured and pretested questionnaire then, data entry and cleaning was done using EPI-Info v7 and analyzed using SPSS software version 20 where Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and Percent was performed for most variables then analysis using Binary Logistic Regression Model was performed. Variables with 95% confidence intervals and P value at

Etiopathogenesis of Heterotopic ossification or paraosteoarthropathy is unknown, all speculations remain open. Epilepsy and anti-epileptic drugs have never been mentioned as a risk factor...

The question on various functional effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during different pathological processes development in brain was considered...

Background: Providing health care for patients with hypertension has been difficult in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa because of lack of medical staff and facilities. The use of non-physician healthcare workers offers a possible solution, but little is known about the feasibility and clinical response to treatment.Methods: We carried out a descriptive, retrospective review of the records of a sequential sample of 249 hypertensive patients aged 52.3 (SD 12.7) years from eight health centres in a rural area of southern Ethiopia where nurses and health officers had been previously trained to diagnose, treat and manage non-communicable diseases including hypertension. The study evaluated the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures following treatment over a 30 month period.Results: The mean systolic blood pressure on admission was 156.1(SD 21.1) mm Hg and the mean diastolic pressure 95.7(SD 12.7) mm Hg. Of the 249 subjects, 105(42.1%) defaulted from clinic follow-up during the period of the study. More than half (53.8%) were controlled on monotherapy with a thiazide diuretic, the remainder required combination therapy. Significant declines in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were achieved in each blood pressure group with the exception of the lowest pressure groups.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that nurses and heath officers working in remote rural health centres can obtain worthwhile reductions in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Moreover, this could often be achieved with a single, inexpensive diuretic, hydrochlorthiazide, although combination therapy was sometimes required. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2018; 32(2):104-109]Key words: Hypertension, blood pressure, task-shifting, delivery of health care, nurses, Ethiopia.